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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






2. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






3. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






4. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






5. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






6. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






8. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






9. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






10. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






12. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






13. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






14. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






15. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






16. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






17. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






18. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






19. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






20. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






21. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






23. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






24. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






25. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






26. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






27. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






28. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






29. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






30. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






31. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






32. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






33. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






35. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






36. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






37. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






39. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






40. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






41. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






42. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






43. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






44. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






45. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






46. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






48. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






49. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons