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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






2. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






3. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






4. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






6. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






7. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






8. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






9. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






10. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






11. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






14. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






15. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






16. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






17. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






18. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






19. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






20. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






21. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






23. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






25. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






26. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






28. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






29. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






31. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






32. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






33. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






34. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






35. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






36. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






37. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






38. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






39. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






40. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






41. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






42. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






44. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






45. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






46. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






47. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






48. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






49. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






50. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial