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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






2. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






5. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






6. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






8. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






9. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






10. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






11. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






12. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






13. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






14. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






15. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






16. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






17. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






18. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






20. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






23. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






24. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






25. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






26. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






27. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






29. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






30. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






31. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






32. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






33. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






34. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






35. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






36. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






37. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






38. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






39. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






40. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






41. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






42. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






43. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






44. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






45. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






46. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






47. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






48. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






49. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






50. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness