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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






3. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






6. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






7. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






8. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






10. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






11. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






12. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






13. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






14. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






15. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






16. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






18. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






19. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






20. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






21. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






22. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






23. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






24. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






25. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






26. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






27. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






28. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






29. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






30. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






31. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






33. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






34. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






35. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






37. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






38. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






39. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






40. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






41. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






42. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






43. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






44. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






45. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






46. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






48. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






49. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






50. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids