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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






2. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






3. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






4. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






5. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






6. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






7. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






8. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






9. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






10. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






11. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






12. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






13. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






14. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






16. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






17. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






18. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






19. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






20. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






21. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






22. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






23. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






24. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






25. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






27. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






28. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






29. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






30. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






31. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






32. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






33. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






34. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






35. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






36. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






37. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






38. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






39. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






40. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






41. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






42. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






43. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






44. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






46. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






47. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






48. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






49. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






50. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species