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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Fight or flight
Imprinting
Releasing stimuli
homeostasis
2. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
mechanical isolation
Supernormal sign stimulus
Comparative psychology
3. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Natural selection
Instinctual drift (example)
Alleles
Polarized light
4. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
isolation by season
Cross fostering experiments
Hearing of owls
Gamete
5. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Estrus
Infrasound
Sexual dimorphism
Ethology
6. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
R. C. Tyron
homeostasis
Releasing stimuli
Inclusive fitness
7. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Flower selection of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Hierarchy of bees
8. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Wolfgang Kohler
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
9. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Instrumental learning
Round dance
Waggle dance
Dominant and recessive gene
10. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Fixed action patterns (example)
Wolfgang Kohler
Mating of bees
11. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Edward Thorndike
Interaction between instinct and learning
Zygote
Instinctual/innate behaviours
12. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Comparative psychology
Navigation of animals
Karl von Frisch
Courting
13. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Harry Harlow
Instrumental learning
14. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Alleles
Echolocation
genotype
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Releasing stimuli
Zygote
Mimicry
geographic isolation
16. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Flower selection of bees
Fixed action patterns (example)
Dominant and recessive gene
17. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Courting
Atmospheric pressure
homeostasis
Round dance
18. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Waggle dance
Imprinting
Wolfgang Kohler
Circadian rhythms
19. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Cross fostering experiments
Estrus
Edward Thorndike
20. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Walter Cannon
Genetic drift
Altruism
Round dance
21. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
isolation by season
R. C. Tyron
Stickleback fish
22. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Zygote
genotype
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Flower selection of bees
23. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Mating of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
Karl von Frisch
Inclusive fitness
24. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Navigation cues
Star compass
Phenotype
Polarized light
25. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Instrumental learning
homeostasis
Navigation of bees
26. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Harry Harlow
Stickleback fish
Wolfgang Kohler
Navigation of bees
27. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Walter Cannon
Hearing of owls
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
28. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Inclusive fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Communication of bees
29. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Karl von Frisch
Star compass
Genetic drift
R. C. Tyron
30. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Biological clocks
Cross fostering experiments
Selective breeding
Navigation cues
31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Gamete
Circadian rhythms
mechanical isolation
Phenotype
32. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Flower selection of bees
Charles Darwin
Round dance
33. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Magnetic sense
Hierarchy of bees
Edward Thorndike
Polarized light
34. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Charles Darwin
R. C. Tyron
Ethology
Sensitive or critical periods
35. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fixed action patterns (example)
Fight or flight
Zygote
Selective breeding
36. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Flower selection of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Releasing stimuli
37. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Navigation of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sun compass
Zygote
38. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Flower selection of bees
Round dance
Hierarchy of bees
39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Atmospheric pressure
Supernormal sign stimulus
Stickleback fish
40. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Supernormal sign stimulus
Courting
Selective breeding
Herring gull chicks
41. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Circadian rhythms
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Estrus
Instinctual drift (example)
42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
homeostasis
Flower selection of bees
behavioral isolation
43. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Sexual dimorphism
Dominant and recessive gene
Charles Darwin
Star compass
44. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Pheromones
Karl von Frisch
Genetic drift
45. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
phenotypic expression
Sun compass
Charles Darwin
Hearing of owls
46. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Polarized light
Hearing of owls
R. C. Tyron
Biological clocks
47. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Inbreeding
Walter Cannon
Stickleback fish
Cross fostering experiments
48. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Polarized light
Fitness
Infrasound
49. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Navigation of bees
Sexual selection
Pheromones
Cross fostering experiments
50. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Star compass
Zygote
R. C. Tyron
Sexual dimorphism