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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Waggle dance
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Stickleback fish
Courting
2. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Navigation of bees
Estrus
Sexual dimorphism
Communication of bees
3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Altruism
Inclusive fitness
Phenotype
4. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Selective breeding
Sensitive or critical periods
5. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Magnetic sense
Altruism
R. C. Tyron
Comparative psychology
6. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Sexual selection
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Waggle dance
Releasing stimuli
7. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Sun compass
Navigation of animals
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Ethology
8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Charles Darwin
Interaction between instinct and learning
phenotypic expression
9. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Edward Thorndike
genotype
Communication of bees
Atmospheric pressure
10. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation cues
Sun compass
Fixed action patterns (example)
11. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Altruism
Genetic drift
Sexual dimorphism
Gamete
12. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Selective breeding
Altruism
Imprinting
Alleles
13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Biological clocks
Karl von Frisch
Edward Thorndike
Sensitive or critical periods
14. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Wolfgang Kohler
Atmospheric pressure
Dominant and recessive gene
Cross fostering experiments
15. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Atmospheric pressure
Fight or flight
Hierarchy of bees
Konrad Lorenz
16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
R. C. Tyron
mechanical isolation
Mimicry
Genetic drift
17. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Phenotype
Sexual selection
homeostasis
Magnetic sense
18. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Phenotype
Biological clocks
19. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Herring gull chicks
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Harry Harlow
Stickleback fish
20. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Pheromones
Harry Harlow
Altruism
Round dance
21. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Instinctual drift (example)
Sexual selection
Mimicry
Fitness
22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Ethology
Harry Harlow
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Pheromones
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Fight or flight
24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Genetic drift
isolation by season
Altruism
25. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sexual dimorphism
Inbreeding
isolation by season
26. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
Genetic drift
behavioral isolation
27. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Gamete
Konrad Lorenz
Communication of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
28. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation cues
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Navigation of bees
Comparative psychology
29. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Karl von Frisch
Flower selection of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Ethology
Atmospheric pressure
Echolocation
Flower selection of bees
31. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Genetic drift
Hearing of owls
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sexual selection
32. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Biological clocks
Sexual dimorphism
Pheromones
33. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Navigation cues
Round dance
Zygote
34. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Pheromones
Zygote
Inbreeding
Instinctual drift (example)
35. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Fitness
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Navigation cues
Zygote
36. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Instrumental learning
Communication of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Circadian rhythms
37. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
Gamete
Eric Kandel
38. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Genetic drift
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Herring gull chicks
Sexual selection
39. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Edward Thorndike
isolation by season
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Waggle dance
40. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Infrasound
Altruism
Fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
41. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Waggle dance
isolation by season
Gamete
42. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
phenotypic expression
Harry Harlow
Interaction between instinct and learning
Phenotype
43. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Animal aggression
Altruism
Courting
Mating of bees
44. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Karl von Frisch
Navigation of animals
Selective breeding
45. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Fixed action patterns (example)
Wolfgang Kohler
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Ethology
46. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Konrad Lorenz
Atmospheric pressure
Circadian rhythms
Genetic drift
47. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Inclusive fitness
Infrasound
Waggle dance
homeostasis
48. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Wolfgang Kohler
Altruism
Genes
49. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Genetic drift
Instrumental learning
Atmospheric pressure
Sun compass
50. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Hierarchy of bees
Alleles
R. C. Tyron
Hearing of owls