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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
isolation by season
Circadian rhythms
Charles Darwin
Instrumental learning
2. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Estrus
Sun compass
isolation by season
Eric Kandel
3. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Sexual selection
Fight or flight
Karl von Frisch
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Navigation of animals
Fight or flight
Hierarchy of bees
isolation by season
5. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Imprinting
Sensitive or critical periods
Star compass
6. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
homeostasis
Eric Kandel
7. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Edward Thorndike
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Fight or flight
Star compass
8. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Eric Kandel
Hierarchy of bees
Magnetic sense
9. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Harry Harlow
Animal aggression
Interaction between instinct and learning
Natural selection
10. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Comparative psychology
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Walter Cannon
11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Wolfgang Kohler
Gamete
Inbreeding
Zygote
12. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Infrasound
Fight or flight
Courting
13. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Dominant and recessive gene
Natural selection
Wolfgang Kohler
14. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Navigation of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Sexual selection
15. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation cues
Fitness
Charles Darwin
16. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Harry Harlow
mechanical isolation
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
17. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Sexual selection
Star compass
Infrasound
Navigation of animals
18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
phenotypic expression
Sexual selection
Harry Harlow
19. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Edward Thorndike
Gamete
Konrad Lorenz
Interaction between instinct and learning
20. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Hearing of owls
homeostasis
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
21. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Zygote
Courting
Animal aggression
Sexual selection
22. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Courting
Infrasound
Ethology
Atmospheric pressure
23. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Circadian rhythms
Charles Darwin
Echolocation
24. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Phenotype
phenotypic expression
Dominant and recessive gene
Natural selection
25. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Hierarchy of bees
26. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Communication of bees
Navigation cues
Biological clocks
Courting
27. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Sexual selection
Releasing stimuli
R. C. Tyron
Eric Kandel
28. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Waggle dance
Comparative psychology
Interaction between instinct and learning
Imprinting
29. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Karl von Frisch
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Sun compass
genotype
30. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Walter Cannon
Echolocation
Magnetic sense
geographic isolation
31. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Genes
Waggle dance
Alleles
Magnetic sense
32. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Fixed action patterns (example)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
phenotypic expression
33. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Interaction between instinct and learning
Releasing stimuli
34. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Courting
Edward Thorndike
Sensitive or critical periods
Round dance
35. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Gamete
Walter Cannon
Konrad Lorenz
Navigation of bees
36. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Star compass
Fight or flight
Waggle dance
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
37. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Biological clocks
Magnetic sense
Atmospheric pressure
Instrumental learning
38. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Round dance
Biological clocks
Inbreeding
39. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Ethology
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Charles Darwin
40. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Edward Thorndike
Sun compass
Sexual dimorphism
41. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Imprinting
behavioral isolation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Cross fostering experiments
42. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Comparative psychology
Round dance
Mimicry
Stickleback fish
43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Echolocation
behavioral isolation
Sexual dimorphism
Fitness
44. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Comparative psychology
Inclusive fitness
Harry Harlow
Releasing stimuli
45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Supernormal sign stimulus
Hearing of owls
Zygote
mechanical isolation
46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Edward Thorndike
mechanical isolation
Magnetic sense
47. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Genetic drift
Altruism
Infrasound
48. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Atmospheric pressure
Flower selection of bees
mechanical isolation
Hearing of owls
49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Mimicry
Polarized light
Eric Kandel
Flower selection of bees
50. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Ethology
Inbreeding
Harry Harlow