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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






2. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






3. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






4. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






8. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






11. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






12. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






13. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






14. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






15. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






16. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






17. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






18. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






19. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






20. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






21. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






22. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






23. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






24. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






25. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






26. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






27. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






28. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






29. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






30. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






31. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






32. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






33. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






35. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






36. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






37. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






38. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






39. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






40. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






41. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






42. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






43. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






44. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






45. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






46. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






47. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






48. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






49. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






50. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time