Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






2. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






3. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






5. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






6. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






7. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






8. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






9. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






10. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






11. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






12. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






13. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






14. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






15. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






16. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






17. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






18. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






19. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






20. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






21. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






22. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






23. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






24. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






25. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






26. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






27. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






28. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






29. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






31. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






32. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






33. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






34. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






35. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






36. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






37. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






38. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






40. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






41. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






42. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






44. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






45. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






46. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






47. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






48. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






49. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species