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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
behavioral isolation
Communication of bees
Alleles
2. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Mimicry
Harry Harlow
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Pheromones
3. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Alleles
Waggle dance
Communication of bees
Echolocation
4. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Atmospheric pressure
Echolocation
Imprinting
Herring gull chicks
5. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Charles Darwin
Dominant and recessive gene
Harry Harlow
Instinctual drift (example)
6. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Charles Darwin
Walter Cannon
Genes
Releasing stimuli
7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Sun compass
Mating of bees
isolation by season
Dominant and recessive gene
8. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
mechanical isolation
Mating of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Edward Thorndike
9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Sexual dimorphism
isolation by season
Courting
Walter Cannon
10. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Gamete
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Genes
11. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Altruism
R. C. Tyron
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Harry Harlow
12. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Infrasound
Sensitive or critical periods
Genetic drift
Selective breeding
13. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Cross fostering experiments
genotype
Navigation of bees
14. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
Atmospheric pressure
behavioral isolation
15. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
genotype
Gamete
Cross fostering experiments
Interaction between instinct and learning
16. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Eric Kandel
Edward Thorndike
Echolocation
Ethology
17. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Animal aggression
Mating of bees
Fight or flight
18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
R. C. Tyron
Imprinting
Estrus
Charles Darwin
19. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Infrasound
Echolocation
phenotypic expression
Round dance
20. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Communication of bees
Phenotype
Dominant and recessive gene
Charles Darwin
21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Inbreeding
isolation by season
Magnetic sense
Infrasound
22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Stickleback fish
Edward Thorndike
Navigation cues
Mimicry
23. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Navigation cues
Pheromones
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
24. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Alleles
Imprinting
Instinctual drift (example)
25. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Cross fostering experiments
Charles Darwin
26. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Navigation cues
behavioral isolation
Inbreeding
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Genetic drift
Comparative psychology
mechanical isolation
phenotypic expression
28. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Echolocation
Inbreeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Fixed action patterns (example)
29. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Mating of bees
Echolocation
Alleles
Walter Cannon
30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Fight or flight
Navigation cues
Echolocation
31. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Pheromones
Flower selection of bees
Estrus
Gamete
32. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Harry Harlow
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Fight or flight
Circadian rhythms
33. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Sun compass
Gamete
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Altruism
34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
behavioral isolation
Polarized light
Sexual selection
Zygote
35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Fitness
Alleles
Ethology
geographic isolation
36. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Star compass
Natural selection
geographic isolation
Harry Harlow
37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Animal aggression
behavioral isolation
Karl von Frisch
38. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Imprinting
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Konrad Lorenz
Animal aggression
39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Walter Cannon
Supernormal sign stimulus
Pheromones
Sexual dimorphism
40. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Atmospheric pressure
Karl von Frisch
genotype
Sensitive or critical periods
41. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Round dance
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Ethology
42. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Harry Harlow
Walter Cannon
Biological clocks
43. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Edward Thorndike
Instinctual drift (example)
Atmospheric pressure
Genes
44. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
isolation by season
Walter Cannon
Biological clocks
45. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Navigation of animals
Dominant and recessive gene
Konrad Lorenz
Fitness
46. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Zygote
genotype
Estrus
homeostasis
47. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Phenotype
Inclusive fitness
Comparative psychology
48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Inbreeding
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Karl von Frisch
49. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Konrad Lorenz
Navigation of animals
Nikolaas Tinbergen
50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Imprinting
Karl von Frisch
Ethology