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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Ethology
geographic isolation
Genetic drift
Walter Cannon
2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Konrad Lorenz
Interaction between instinct and learning
Supernormal sign stimulus
Inbreeding
3. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Mimicry
Alleles
Releasing stimuli
4. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Dominant and recessive gene
Circadian rhythms
Altruism
5. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Waggle dance
Natural selection
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
6. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Atmospheric pressure
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
7. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Fight or flight
mechanical isolation
Communication of bees
8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Inclusive fitness
isolation by season
phenotypic expression
Navigation cues
9. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Magnetic sense
homeostasis
Natural selection
Harry Harlow
10. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Fixed action patterns (example)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Biological clocks
Communication of bees
11. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Mimicry
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
12. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Navigation of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Inbreeding
13. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Inbreeding
Circadian rhythms
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Mimicry
14. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Zygote
Flower selection of bees
Navigation of animals
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
15. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Mimicry
Courting
Gamete
16. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Magnetic sense
Natural selection
Gamete
17. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Natural selection
Zygote
Round dance
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
18. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
phenotypic expression
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Edward Thorndike
19. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Instinctual drift (example)
Atmospheric pressure
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Polarized light
20. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Eric Kandel
behavioral isolation
Supernormal sign stimulus
21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Fight or flight
Inclusive fitness
Estrus
Magnetic sense
22. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Biological clocks
Dominant and recessive gene
Navigation of animals
Instinctual drift (example)
23. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Walter Cannon
Comparative psychology
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
behavioral isolation
24. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Genes
Interaction between instinct and learning
Phenotype
Navigation cues
25. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Interaction between instinct and learning
Magnetic sense
Alleles
Communication of bees
26. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Round dance
behavioral isolation
Selective breeding
Zygote
27. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Circadian rhythms
Phenotype
Animal aggression
28. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
genotype
Waggle dance
Cross fostering experiments
Courting
29. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Hearing of owls
Hierarchy of bees
Konrad Lorenz
Genes
30. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Navigation of bees
Comparative psychology
Biological clocks
Fight or flight
31. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
genotype
Sun compass
Interaction between instinct and learning
32. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual selection
Sensitive or critical periods
Selective breeding
Sexual dimorphism
33. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Comparative psychology
Flower selection of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
Gamete
34. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Atmospheric pressure
Zygote
Wolfgang Kohler
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Imprinting
mechanical isolation
Sexual selection
Instinctual/innate behaviours
36. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Echolocation
Charles Darwin
Magnetic sense
Sexual selection
37. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Genes
Instinctual drift (example)
Biological clocks
Harry Harlow
38. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Sexual dimorphism
Natural selection
Stickleback fish
39. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Dominant and recessive gene
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Imprinting
Biological clocks
40. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Altruism
Comparative psychology
Inclusive fitness
Genetic drift
41. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Courting
Inbreeding
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Inclusive fitness
42. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Atmospheric pressure
Navigation of bees
Polarized light
43. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Gamete
Hierarchy of bees
Echolocation
Fixed action patterns (example)
44. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
Eric Kandel
R. C. Tyron
mechanical isolation
45. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Inclusive fitness
Hearing of owls
46. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Circadian rhythms
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Hearing of owls
Genetic drift
47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Eric Kandel
Interaction between instinct and learning
homeostasis
isolation by season
48. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Estrus
Genetic drift
Stickleback fish
Flower selection of bees
49. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
behavioral isolation
Star compass
Instrumental learning
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
50. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
mechanical isolation
Sensitive or critical periods
Comparative psychology
Instinctual/innate behaviours