Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






2. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






3. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






5. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






6. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






7. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






8. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






9. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






10. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






11. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






12. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






13. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






14. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






16. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






18. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






19. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






20. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






21. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






23. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






24. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






25. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






26. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






27. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






28. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






29. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






30. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






31. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






32. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






33. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






34. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






36. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






37. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






38. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






39. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






40. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






41. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






42. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






43. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






44. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






45. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






46. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






47. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






48. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






49. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






50. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid