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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






2. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






3. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






4. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






5. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






6. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






7. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






8. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






9. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






10. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






11. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






12. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






13. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






14. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






15. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






16. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






17. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






19. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






20. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






21. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






22. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






23. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






25. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






26. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






27. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






28. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






29. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






30. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






31. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






32. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






33. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






34. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






35. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






36. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






37. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






38. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






39. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






40. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






42. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






43. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






44. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






45. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






49. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






50. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn