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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






2. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






3. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






5. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






7. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






8. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






9. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






10. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






12. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






14. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






16. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






17. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






18. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






19. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






20. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






21. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






22. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






23. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






24. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






25. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






26. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






27. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






28. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






29. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






30. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






31. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






32. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






33. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






35. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






36. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






37. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






38. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






40. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






41. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






42. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






43. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






44. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






46. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






47. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






48. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






49. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species