Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






2. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






3. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






5. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






6. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






7. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






8. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






9. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






11. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






12. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






13. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






14. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






15. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






16. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






17. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






18. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






19. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






20. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






21. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






22. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






23. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






24. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






25. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






26. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






27. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






28. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






29. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






30. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






31. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






32. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






33. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






34. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






35. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






36. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






37. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






38. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






39. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






40. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






42. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






44. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






45. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






46. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






47. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






49. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






50. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away