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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






2. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






3. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






4. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






6. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






7. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






8. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






9. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






10. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






11. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






12. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






13. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






14. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






15. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






16. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






17. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






19. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






20. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






21. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






22. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






23. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






24. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






25. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






26. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






27. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






29. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






30. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






31. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






32. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






33. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






34. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






35. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






36. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






37. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






38. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






39. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






40. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






41. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






42. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






43. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






45. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






46. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






47. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






48. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species