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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






2. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






3. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






4. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






6. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






7. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






8. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






9. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






10. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






11. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






12. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






13. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






14. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






15. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






16. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






17. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






18. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






19. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






20. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






22. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






23. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






24. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






25. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






26. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






28. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






29. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






30. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






31. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






33. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






34. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






36. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






38. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






39. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






41. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






42. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






43. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






44. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






45. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






46. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






47. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






48. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






50. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid