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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Estrus
Flower selection of bees
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Alleles
2. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Wolfgang Kohler
Cross fostering experiments
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Instinctual drift (example)
3. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Estrus
Supernormal sign stimulus
Star compass
Harry Harlow
4. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instrumental learning
Harry Harlow
mechanical isolation
5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Echolocation
mechanical isolation
Magnetic sense
Comparative psychology
6. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Ethology
genotype
Communication of bees
Round dance
7. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Harry Harlow
Selective breeding
Charles Darwin
8. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Harry Harlow
Interaction between instinct and learning
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Animal aggression
9. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Courting
Genes
Animal aggression
Cross fostering experiments
10. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Interaction between instinct and learning
phenotypic expression
Hearing of owls
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
11. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Konrad Lorenz
Herring gull chicks
Biological clocks
geographic isolation
12. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Biological clocks
Interaction between instinct and learning
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Hierarchy of bees
13. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
genotype
Genes
Imprinting
Hearing of owls
14. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Navigation of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
Nikolaas Tinbergen
R. C. Tyron
15. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
genotype
Star compass
Inclusive fitness
Echolocation
16. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Comparative psychology
phenotypic expression
Altruism
Communication of bees
17. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Interaction between instinct and learning
Inclusive fitness
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
18. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sensitive or critical periods
homeostasis
Cross fostering experiments
19. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Charles Darwin
Communication of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
20. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Inbreeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
phenotypic expression
21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Fitness
Supernormal sign stimulus
Konrad Lorenz
Charles Darwin
22. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
mechanical isolation
Herring gull chicks
Navigation of animals
Atmospheric pressure
23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Fight or flight
genotype
Navigation cues
Inbreeding
24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Atmospheric pressure
Sensitive or critical periods
genotype
geographic isolation
25. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
Echolocation
Selective breeding
Wolfgang Kohler
26. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
geographic isolation
Polarized light
Charles Darwin
phenotypic expression
27. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Stickleback fish
Communication of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
28. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Mimicry
Instrumental learning
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Courting
29. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Hearing of owls
Natural selection
Instrumental learning
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
30. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
geographic isolation
Wolfgang Kohler
isolation by season
Selective breeding
31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Wolfgang Kohler
Selective breeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Circadian rhythms
32. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Imprinting
Inbreeding
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
behavioral isolation
33. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
geographic isolation
Charles Darwin
Infrasound
Zygote
34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Waggle dance
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Alleles
Estrus
35. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
isolation by season
Mating of bees
Inclusive fitness
Charles Darwin
36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Flower selection of bees
behavioral isolation
Echolocation
Mimicry
37. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Mimicry
Harry Harlow
Navigation of bees
Zygote
38. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Edward Thorndike
Inbreeding
39. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Estrus
Biological clocks
genotype
40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Mating of bees
Imprinting
Infrasound
Circadian rhythms
41. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Walter Cannon
Biological clocks
Navigation of animals
homeostasis
42. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Infrasound
Circadian rhythms
R. C. Tyron
43. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Circadian rhythms
Mimicry
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
44. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Infrasound
Edward Thorndike
Genetic drift
Navigation of bees
45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Wolfgang Kohler
Inclusive fitness
phenotypic expression
46. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
geographic isolation
Karl von Frisch
Navigation cues
47. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Altruism
Hierarchy of bees
Pheromones
Mimicry
48. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Estrus
Zygote
49. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Sexual selection
Phenotype
Gamete
Eric Kandel
50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
isolation by season
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Magnetic sense