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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Instinctual drift (example)
Harry Harlow
Inclusive fitness
Polarized light
2. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
homeostasis
Gamete
Selective breeding
Circadian rhythms
3. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Phenotype
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Navigation of animals
4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sexual selection
Infrasound
Nikolaas Tinbergen
5. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Sexual dimorphism
Comparative psychology
Infrasound
Star compass
6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Sexual selection
Mating of bees
Hearing of owls
Sensitive or critical periods
7. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Circadian rhythms
Infrasound
Zygote
Hierarchy of bees
8. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Navigation of animals
homeostasis
Eric Kandel
Sexual dimorphism
9. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
genotype
Mimicry
Estrus
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
10. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
phenotypic expression
Dominant and recessive gene
Fight or flight
11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Round dance
Star compass
Magnetic sense
Zygote
12. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Magnetic sense
Herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Cross fostering experiments
13. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Atmospheric pressure
Ethology
Inbreeding
Walter Cannon
14. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Pheromones
Courting
Mimicry
Instinctual/innate behaviours
15. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
geographic isolation
Inclusive fitness
Flower selection of bees
16. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Star compass
Sexual selection
Echolocation
phenotypic expression
17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Stickleback fish
Herring gull chicks
Phenotype
18. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Polarized light
Ethology
R. C. Tyron
homeostasis
19. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Infrasound
Phenotype
Zygote
Walter Cannon
20. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Walter Cannon
Dominant and recessive gene
genotype
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
21. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Fixed action patterns (example)
Interaction between instinct and learning
Harry Harlow
Edward Thorndike
22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
genotype
Fixed action patterns (example)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Imprinting
23. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Biological clocks
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Imprinting
24. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Hearing of owls
Fitness
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
25. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Mating of bees
Biological clocks
Cross fostering experiments
Supernormal sign stimulus
26. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Infrasound
Polarized light
Waggle dance
Charles Darwin
27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Supernormal sign stimulus
Round dance
Sun compass
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
28. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Sensitive or critical periods
Fixed action patterns (example)
Courting
29. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Walter Cannon
Star compass
Cross fostering experiments
30. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Hearing of owls
Inbreeding
Edward Thorndike
Polarized light
31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
Sun compass
32. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Instrumental learning
mechanical isolation
Alleles
33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Atmospheric pressure
behavioral isolation
Instrumental learning
34. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Atmospheric pressure
Inbreeding
35. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Alleles
phenotypic expression
Interaction between instinct and learning
Infrasound
36. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Phenotype
Interaction between instinct and learning
Walter Cannon
Herring gull chicks
37. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Charles Darwin
Estrus
R. C. Tyron
Star compass
38. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Polarized light
Atmospheric pressure
Sexual dimorphism
Sun compass
39. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Instinctual drift (example)
Sexual dimorphism
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
40. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Charles Darwin
Sexual dimorphism
Animal aggression
41. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Navigation cues
Communication of bees
Zygote
Polarized light
42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Interaction between instinct and learning
Phenotype
Dominant and recessive gene
43. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Inbreeding
Flower selection of bees
Instrumental learning
Charles Darwin
44. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sexual selection
Fight or flight
Fixed action patterns (example)
45. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Konrad Lorenz
Navigation of animals
Round dance
Instrumental learning
46. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
homeostasis
Circadian rhythms
Inclusive fitness
Fixed action patterns (example)
47. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Inbreeding
Ethology
Fight or flight
48. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Genetic drift
Navigation of animals
Alleles
Flower selection of bees
49. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Dominant and recessive gene
Hearing of owls
Walter Cannon
50. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Mating of bees
Alleles
Inclusive fitness
geographic isolation