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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






2. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






3. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






4. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






5. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






6. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






7. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






8. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






9. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






10. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






11. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






12. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






13. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






14. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






17. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






18. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






19. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






20. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






21. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






22. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






23. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






24. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






25. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






26. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






27. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






28. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






29. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






30. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






31. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






32. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






33. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






35. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






36. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






37. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






38. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






39. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






40. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






41. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






42. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






43. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






44. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






46. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






47. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






48. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






49. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






50. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity