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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Comparative psychology
Sensitive or critical periods
Mimicry
Alleles
2. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation cues
Navigation of bees
Walter Cannon
Sexual selection
3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Eric Kandel
Atmospheric pressure
Releasing stimuli
4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Walter Cannon
Infrasound
Natural selection
isolation by season
5. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Sun compass
Navigation of animals
Selective breeding
Mimicry
6. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Biological clocks
Sexual selection
Imprinting
Round dance
7. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
genotype
Circadian rhythms
Echolocation
Sexual selection
8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Herring gull chicks
Echolocation
Supernormal sign stimulus
Ethology
9. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Cross fostering experiments
Inbreeding
mechanical isolation
Sexual selection
10. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Waggle dance
Charles Darwin
Fitness
11. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Navigation of animals
Instrumental learning
Cross fostering experiments
Sexual selection
12. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Ethology
mechanical isolation
13. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Karl von Frisch
Communication of bees
Zygote
Instinctual/innate behaviours
14. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Sensitive or critical periods
genotype
Karl von Frisch
Mating of bees
15. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Genes
Instinctual/innate behaviours
geographic isolation
16. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
geographic isolation
Sexual selection
Biological clocks
Infrasound
17. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Charles Darwin
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Infrasound
Navigation cues
18. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Pheromones
R. C. Tyron
Circadian rhythms
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
19. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Star compass
homeostasis
Herring gull chicks
Hearing of owls
20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Sexual selection
Infrasound
Konrad Lorenz
Wolfgang Kohler
21. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Walter Cannon
Edward Thorndike
Karl von Frisch
22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Pheromones
Imprinting
Charles Darwin
Eric Kandel
23. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Eric Kandel
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
24. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Fixed action patterns (example)
Star compass
Phenotype
Altruism
25. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Sun compass
Phenotype
Flower selection of bees
phenotypic expression
26. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Sexual selection
Phenotype
Magnetic sense
27. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
homeostasis
Fight or flight
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
28. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Flower selection of bees
R. C. Tyron
29. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Echolocation
Edward Thorndike
30. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
mechanical isolation
Navigation cues
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
31. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Selective breeding
Inbreeding
Charles Darwin
Stickleback fish
32. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Sexual dimorphism
Mating of bees
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Inclusive fitness
33. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Comparative psychology
Infrasound
Edward Thorndike
Atmospheric pressure
34. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Communication of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
Altruism
Comparative psychology
35. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
phenotypic expression
Edward Thorndike
Fight or flight
Natural selection
36. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Mimicry
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Harry Harlow
Mating of bees
37. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Courting
Interaction between instinct and learning
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Nikolaas Tinbergen
38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
geographic isolation
Zygote
Releasing stimuli
39. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
behavioral isolation
Animal aggression
Phenotype
Interaction between instinct and learning
40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
geographic isolation
Estrus
Inclusive fitness
Infrasound
41. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Circadian rhythms
Mimicry
Walter Cannon
42. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Natural selection
Konrad Lorenz
Flower selection of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
43. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
mechanical isolation
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Selective breeding
44. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
genotype
Polarized light
Charles Darwin
Navigation of animals
45. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Inbreeding
Magnetic sense
Mimicry
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
46. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Hearing of owls
Inbreeding
homeostasis
Biological clocks
47. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Mating of bees
Genetic drift
Harry Harlow
Walter Cannon
48. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Mating of bees
Fight or flight
Sexual selection
Sensitive or critical periods
49. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Cross fostering experiments
Edward Thorndike
Walter Cannon
50. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
Hierarchy of bees
Eric Kandel