Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






2. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






3. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






4. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






5. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






6. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






7. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






8. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






12. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






13. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






14. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






15. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






17. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






18. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






19. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






20. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






21. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






22. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






23. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






24. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






25. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






26. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






27. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






28. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






29. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






30. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






31. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






32. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






34. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






35. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






36. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






37. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






38. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






39. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






40. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






41. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






42. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






43. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






44. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






45. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






46. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






47. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






48. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






49. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






50. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not