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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Mating of bees
Altruism
Estrus
Sexual dimorphism
2. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Inbreeding
behavioral isolation
Genetic drift
Inclusive fitness
3. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Instrumental learning
Genes
4. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Supernormal sign stimulus
phenotypic expression
Gamete
5. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Altruism
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
Phenotype
6. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
R. C. Tyron
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Walter Cannon
Sensitive or critical periods
7. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Inclusive fitness
phenotypic expression
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Hearing of owls
8. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Interaction between instinct and learning
isolation by season
Communication of bees
Charles Darwin
9. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Sexual selection
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Zygote
Navigation of bees
10. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Instinctual drift (example)
Sun compass
Supernormal sign stimulus
Magnetic sense
11. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Pheromones
Karl von Frisch
Animal aggression
Navigation of animals
12. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Karl von Frisch
Polarized light
Alleles
Round dance
13. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Sexual dimorphism
Edward Thorndike
Imprinting
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Atmospheric pressure
homeostasis
Gamete
15. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
mechanical isolation
Mimicry
Circadian rhythms
16. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Biological clocks
Fight or flight
Courting
Herring gull chicks
17. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Inclusive fitness
Supernormal sign stimulus
Charles Darwin
18. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Supernormal sign stimulus
Waggle dance
Mating of bees
19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
isolation by season
Navigation of animals
Courting
20. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
genotype
Comparative psychology
Instinctual drift (example)
Imprinting
21. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Sexual selection
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
Fitness
22. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Polarized light
Zygote
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Biological clocks
23. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Courting
Supernormal sign stimulus
Navigation of animals
24. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
homeostasis
Zygote
Walter Cannon
Natural selection
25. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Zygote
Herring gull chicks
mechanical isolation
Sexual dimorphism
26. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Walter Cannon
Ethology
Atmospheric pressure
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Inbreeding
Sexual selection
isolation by season
28. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Magnetic sense
Sexual dimorphism
Harry Harlow
Charles Darwin
29. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Star compass
Magnetic sense
Estrus
Zygote
30. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Fixed action patterns (example)
Altruism
Atmospheric pressure
31. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Biological clocks
Atmospheric pressure
Walter Cannon
mechanical isolation
32. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Waggle dance
Atmospheric pressure
Konrad Lorenz
33. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Estrus
Communication of bees
Sun compass
34. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Comparative psychology
Estrus
Pheromones
35. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Alleles
Estrus
Interaction between instinct and learning
Selective breeding
36. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Stickleback fish
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
Fixed action patterns (example)
37. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Circadian rhythms
Karl von Frisch
Stickleback fish
38. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
genotype
Waggle dance
Edward Thorndike
Estrus
39. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Comparative psychology
Genetic drift
Circadian rhythms
Nikolaas Tinbergen
40. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Harry Harlow
Magnetic sense
Stickleback fish
41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
Sensitive or critical periods
phenotypic expression
42. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Konrad Lorenz
Courting
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Wolfgang Kohler
43. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
44. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Ethology
Navigation cues
Communication of bees
Sexual selection
45. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Echolocation
Navigation of bees
Herring gull chicks
Charles Darwin
46. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Charles Darwin
Supernormal sign stimulus
Round dance
Circadian rhythms
47. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Star compass
Selective breeding
Flower selection of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
48. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Genes
Circadian rhythms
Sexual selection
Interaction between instinct and learning
49. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Dominant and recessive gene
Mating of bees
Instrumental learning
Fixed action patterns (example)
50. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Harry Harlow
Selective breeding
Genetic drift