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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






2. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






3. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






4. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






5. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






6. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






7. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






8. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






9. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






10. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






11. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






12. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






13. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






14. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






16. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






17. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






18. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






19. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






20. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






21. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






23. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






24. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






25. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






26. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






27. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






28. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






30. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






32. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






33. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






35. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






36. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






38. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






39. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






40. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






42. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






43. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






44. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






46. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






47. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






48. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not