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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






2. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






3. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






4. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






5. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






6. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






7. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






8. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






9. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






10. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






11. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






12. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






13. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






14. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






15. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






16. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






18. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






19. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






20. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






21. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






24. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






25. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






26. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






27. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






28. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






30. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






31. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






32. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






33. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






34. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






35. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






36. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






38. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






39. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






40. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






42. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






43. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






44. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






45. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






46. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






47. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






48. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






49. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






50. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed