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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Magnetic sense
Comparative psychology
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
2. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
R. C. Tyron
Genetic drift
phenotypic expression
Comparative psychology
3. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Waggle dance
Harry Harlow
Magnetic sense
4. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Imprinting
Navigation cues
Hierarchy of bees
5. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
isolation by season
Instinctual drift (example)
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
6. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Inbreeding
Instinctual drift (example)
Mating of bees
Mimicry
7. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Circadian rhythms
R. C. Tyron
Stickleback fish
8. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Imprinting
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
mechanical isolation
Genes
9. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Courting
homeostasis
Atmospheric pressure
Eric Kandel
10. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Imprinting
Selective breeding
Courting
11. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Sensitive or critical periods
Releasing stimuli
Stickleback fish
Selective breeding
12. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Fight or flight
homeostasis
Round dance
Atmospheric pressure
13. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Wolfgang Kohler
Atmospheric pressure
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Comparative psychology
14. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Navigation cues
Sensitive or critical periods
Hierarchy of bees
15. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Cross fostering experiments
Infrasound
Selective breeding
16. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Altruism
Herring gull chicks
Genes
Walter Cannon
17. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
geographic isolation
Eric Kandel
Walter Cannon
Comparative psychology
18. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Navigation of animals
mechanical isolation
Polarized light
Fixed action patterns (example)
19. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
homeostasis
Releasing stimuli
Dominant and recessive gene
20. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Comparative psychology
Waggle dance
Genetic drift
21. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
phenotypic expression
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Altruism
Herring gull chicks
22. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
genotype
Stickleback fish
Herring gull chicks
Animal aggression
23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Round dance
Sexual selection
Atmospheric pressure
genotype
24. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Selective breeding
Comparative psychology
Hearing of owls
25. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Konrad Lorenz
Genetic drift
Nikolaas Tinbergen
mechanical isolation
26. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
genotype
Hearing of owls
Cross fostering experiments
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
27. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Navigation of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Walter Cannon
28. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Releasing stimuli
mechanical isolation
Round dance
Sensitive or critical periods
29. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Sexual dimorphism
Waggle dance
30. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Hierarchy of bees
Genetic drift
Fixed action patterns (example)
31. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
homeostasis
Navigation of bees
Genetic drift
Eric Kandel
32. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Imprinting
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Herring gull chicks
Fixed action patterns (example)
33. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Zygote
Supernormal sign stimulus
Fight or flight
Courting
34. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Sun compass
Harry Harlow
Round dance
Genes
35. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Courting
Inclusive fitness
Stickleback fish
Communication of bees
36. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
Supernormal sign stimulus
Animal aggression
Instinctual/innate behaviours
37. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Infrasound
Eric Kandel
Sun compass
Sexual selection
38. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Echolocation
Navigation of animals
Genetic drift
Konrad Lorenz
39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Interaction between instinct and learning
homeostasis
Infrasound
Inclusive fitness
40. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Fight or flight
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Wolfgang Kohler
Instrumental learning
41. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Gamete
Pheromones
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
42. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Altruism
Echolocation
Supernormal sign stimulus
Konrad Lorenz
43. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Ethology
Polarized light
Imprinting
Dominant and recessive gene
44. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
phenotypic expression
Round dance
Estrus
Fight or flight
45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Alleles
Magnetic sense
Animal aggression
Cross fostering experiments
46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Fight or flight
Atmospheric pressure
geographic isolation
47. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Hierarchy of bees
Gamete
Atmospheric pressure
Edward Thorndike
48. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
Fight or flight
49. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
geographic isolation
Navigation of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
Walter Cannon
50. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
R. C. Tyron
Eric Kandel
Star compass
Gamete