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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






2. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






3. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






4. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






5. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






6. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






7. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






8. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






10. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






11. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






12. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






13. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






14. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






15. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






16. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






17. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






18. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






19. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






21. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






22. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






23. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






24. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






25. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






26. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






27. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






28. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






29. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






31. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






32. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






33. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






34. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






35. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






36. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






37. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






38. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






39. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






40. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






41. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






42. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






43. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






46. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






47. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






48. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






49. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






50. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds