Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






2. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






3. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






5. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






8. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






9. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






10. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






11. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






12. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






13. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






14. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






16. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






17. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






18. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






19. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






20. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






21. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






22. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






23. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






24. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






26. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






27. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






28. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






29. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






31. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






32. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






33. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






34. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






35. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






36. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






37. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






38. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






39. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






40. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






41. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






42. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






43. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






44. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






45. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






46. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






47. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






48. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






49. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






50. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation