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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Star compass
Genes
Hierarchy of bees
phenotypic expression
2. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
geographic isolation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Magnetic sense
Communication of bees
3. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Animal aggression
Ethology
Supernormal sign stimulus
4. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Biological clocks
Estrus
Navigation cues
behavioral isolation
5. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Zygote
isolation by season
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Stickleback fish
6. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Karl von Frisch
Walter Cannon
Edward Thorndike
Supernormal sign stimulus
7. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Supernormal sign stimulus
homeostasis
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
8. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Magnetic sense
Wolfgang Kohler
Courting
9. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Herring gull chicks
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Navigation of animals
10. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Animal aggression
Genetic drift
Supernormal sign stimulus
11. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
Karl von Frisch
Pheromones
Circadian rhythms
12. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Stickleback fish
Genetic drift
Inclusive fitness
Animal aggression
13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Harry Harlow
Polarized light
phenotypic expression
isolation by season
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Mimicry
Animal aggression
Genetic drift
geographic isolation
15. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Comparative psychology
Fixed action patterns (example)
Inbreeding
Genes
16. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Star compass
Zygote
Pheromones
Biological clocks
17. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Biological clocks
Instrumental learning
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
18. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Magnetic sense
Altruism
Natural selection
Zygote
19. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Fight or flight
Navigation of bees
genotype
20. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Natural selection
Alleles
phenotypic expression
Phenotype
21. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Inbreeding
Charles Darwin
Wolfgang Kohler
Star compass
22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Sexual selection
Dominant and recessive gene
Eric Kandel
23. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
Biological clocks
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
24. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
Altruism
Polarized light
Wolfgang Kohler
25. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Fitness
Releasing stimuli
Supernormal sign stimulus
Gamete
26. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Infrasound
Hierarchy of bees
behavioral isolation
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
27. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Navigation of animals
Echolocation
Inbreeding
Navigation cues
28. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Sensitive or critical periods
Wolfgang Kohler
Karl von Frisch
29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Edward Thorndike
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
30. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Fixed action patterns (example)
Hearing of owls
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
31. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Karl von Frisch
Phenotype
Atmospheric pressure
Instinctual/innate behaviours
32. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Releasing stimuli
Sensitive or critical periods
Fitness
33. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
Genetic drift
Echolocation
34. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Atmospheric pressure
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Walter Cannon
Genes
35. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Sexual selection
Mating of bees
Gamete
Waggle dance
36. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Releasing stimuli
Herring gull chicks
Communication of bees
Atmospheric pressure
37. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
mechanical isolation
Genetic drift
genotype
Round dance
38. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Dominant and recessive gene
Flower selection of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
39. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Sensitive or critical periods
Wolfgang Kohler
geographic isolation
Harry Harlow
40. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Altruism
Sexual dimorphism
Stickleback fish
Circadian rhythms
41. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
R. C. Tyron
Instrumental learning
Cross fostering experiments
Fight or flight
42. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
behavioral isolation
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
Dominant and recessive gene
43. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
Communication of bees
Pheromones
44. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Star compass
Selective breeding
Comparative psychology
45. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Echolocation
Sexual selection
Flower selection of bees
Inbreeding
46. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Cross fostering experiments
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Imprinting
47. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Hearing of owls
Polarized light
Karl von Frisch
48. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Estrus
Sensitive or critical periods
Inclusive fitness
Altruism
49. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Circadian rhythms
Herring gull chicks
Supernormal sign stimulus
50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Instinctual drift (example)
Genes
Supernormal sign stimulus
behavioral isolation