Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






2. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






3. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






4. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






5. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






6. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






7. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






8. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






9. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






10. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






11. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






12. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






13. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






14. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






16. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






17. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






18. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






19. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






20. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






22. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






24. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






25. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






26. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






28. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






29. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






30. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






31. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






32. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






33. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






34. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






37. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






38. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






40. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






41. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






42. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






43. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






44. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






46. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






47. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






48. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






49. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species