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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






3. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






4. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






5. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






6. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






7. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






8. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






9. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






10. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






11. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






12. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






13. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






14. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






15. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






17. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






18. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






20. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






21. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






22. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






23. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






24. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






25. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






26. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






27. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






28. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






29. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






30. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






31. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






32. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






33. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






34. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






35. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






37. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






38. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






39. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






40. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






41. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






42. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






43. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






44. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






46. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






48. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






49. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






50. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even