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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Animal aggression
Selective breeding
Star compass
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
2. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Atmospheric pressure
Flower selection of bees
Imprinting
3. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Mating of bees
Waggle dance
Harry Harlow
4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Karl von Frisch
Inbreeding
Mimicry
Hearing of owls
5. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
R. C. Tyron
Instinctual drift (example)
Genetic drift
Instinctual/innate behaviours
6. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Zygote
Stickleback fish
Karl von Frisch
Flower selection of bees
7. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Genetic drift
Sexual dimorphism
Herring gull chicks
Sun compass
8. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Star compass
genotype
Fight or flight
Altruism
9. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Supernormal sign stimulus
Sexual selection
Hierarchy of bees
Harry Harlow
10. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation of bees
Navigation cues
phenotypic expression
Estrus
11. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Zygote
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Communication of bees
Fitness
12. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Natural selection
Navigation of animals
Instrumental learning
Herring gull chicks
13. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Wolfgang Kohler
Fight or flight
behavioral isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
14. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Instrumental learning
isolation by season
behavioral isolation
Comparative psychology
15. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Supernormal sign stimulus
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Zygote
Gamete
16. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation cues
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
Mimicry
17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Atmospheric pressure
Selective breeding
geographic isolation
Wolfgang Kohler
18. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
geographic isolation
Ethology
Imprinting
Star compass
19. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Polarized light
Stickleback fish
Ethology
20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Konrad Lorenz
behavioral isolation
Round dance
Releasing stimuli
21. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Altruism
Herring gull chicks
22. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Interaction between instinct and learning
Supernormal sign stimulus
Atmospheric pressure
Sensitive or critical periods
23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Inbreeding
Genes
homeostasis
24. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Gamete
Selective breeding
mechanical isolation
Sensitive or critical periods
25. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Genetic drift
Courting
Konrad Lorenz
Karl von Frisch
26. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Supernormal sign stimulus
mechanical isolation
Courting
Cross fostering experiments
27. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Nikolaas Tinbergen
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Genes
Harry Harlow
28. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Communication of bees
Polarized light
Mating of bees
Waggle dance
29. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Stickleback fish
Ethology
Genetic drift
30. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Ethology
Karl von Frisch
Pheromones
Estrus
31. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Supernormal sign stimulus
Phenotype
32. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Navigation of animals
Hearing of owls
Zygote
33. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Stickleback fish
Polarized light
Zygote
34. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Fight or flight
Dominant and recessive gene
Phenotype
Konrad Lorenz
35. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Pheromones
Waggle dance
mechanical isolation
36. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Comparative psychology
Alleles
Herring gull chicks
Walter Cannon
37. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Releasing stimuli
Flower selection of bees
Communication of bees
Fight or flight
38. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Walter Cannon
Dominant and recessive gene
behavioral isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
39. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Releasing stimuli
Round dance
40. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Zygote
Herring gull chicks
Waggle dance
41. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
R. C. Tyron
homeostasis
Charles Darwin
42. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Alleles
Comparative psychology
Hierarchy of bees
Phenotype
43. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Alleles
Magnetic sense
Sensitive or critical periods
Flower selection of bees
44. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Wolfgang Kohler
Altruism
Round dance
Infrasound
45. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Star compass
Fight or flight
Nikolaas Tinbergen
46. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Alleles
Wolfgang Kohler
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
47. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Genes
Herring gull chicks
Imprinting
48. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
behavioral isolation
phenotypic expression
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
49. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Round dance
Cross fostering experiments
Eric Kandel
Instinctual drift (example)
50. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Genes
Ethology
Hierarchy of bees
Harry Harlow