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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Round dance
geographic isolation
Fitness
2. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Wolfgang Kohler
Edward Thorndike
Mating of bees
Inbreeding
3. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
R. C. Tyron
homeostasis
Stickleback fish
Instinctual/innate behaviours
4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Navigation of bees
Hierarchy of bees
Sun compass
Selective breeding
5. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Biological clocks
Konrad Lorenz
Supernormal sign stimulus
6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Instrumental learning
Inclusive fitness
geographic isolation
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
7. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Sensitive or critical periods
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Zygote
Biological clocks
8. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Natural selection
Sexual selection
isolation by season
9. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Harry Harlow
Walter Cannon
Waggle dance
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
10. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Biological clocks
Sexual dimorphism
Edward Thorndike
11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Ethology
Instrumental learning
Biological clocks
Wolfgang Kohler
12. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Supernormal sign stimulus
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Selective breeding
Ethology
13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Hearing of owls
Karl von Frisch
Sun compass
Konrad Lorenz
14. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Animal aggression
Echolocation
15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Phenotype
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
Inbreeding
16. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
Dominant and recessive gene
Konrad Lorenz
geographic isolation
17. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Mimicry
Genetic drift
Gamete
18. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Gamete
Flower selection of bees
Waggle dance
Ethology
19. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Pheromones
Walter Cannon
Inbreeding
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
20. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Star compass
Navigation cues
Navigation of animals
21. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Walter Cannon
Magnetic sense
Fight or flight
Navigation of animals
22. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Sexual dimorphism
Alleles
Karl von Frisch
Inclusive fitness
23. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Zygote
Animal aggression
Fitness
homeostasis
24. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Sensitive or critical periods
Flower selection of bees
homeostasis
25. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Imprinting
Animal aggression
Genes
26. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Star compass
Selective breeding
27. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Sensitive or critical periods
Comparative psychology
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
28. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Fixed action patterns (example)
genotype
Round dance
29. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Star compass
Infrasound
Charles Darwin
Hearing of owls
30. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Instrumental learning
Harry Harlow
Phenotype
31. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Herring gull chicks
Mimicry
32. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Mating of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
Konrad Lorenz
Infrasound
33. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Communication of bees
Selective breeding
Fixed action patterns (example)
34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Hearing of owls
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Polarized light
Instrumental learning
35. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Infrasound
Comparative psychology
Releasing stimuli
Stickleback fish
36. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Altruism
Round dance
Sensitive or critical periods
Animal aggression
37. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Communication of bees
Konrad Lorenz
Natural selection
Interaction between instinct and learning
38. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Round dance
Animal aggression
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Harry Harlow
39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Walter Cannon
Estrus
Round dance
40. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Edward Thorndike
Star compass
Hearing of owls
Walter Cannon
41. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Genes
Mimicry
Hierarchy of bees
42. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Inbreeding
Edward Thorndike
Atmospheric pressure
43. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Fixed action patterns (example)
Star compass
Charles Darwin
Sexual selection
44. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Releasing stimuli
Gamete
Natural selection
45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Charles Darwin
geographic isolation
Sexual selection
Imprinting
46. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Walter Cannon
Instrumental learning
Inbreeding
Eric Kandel
47. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Round dance
Harry Harlow
Comparative psychology
Dominant and recessive gene
48. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Infrasound
R. C. Tyron
Selective breeding
Herring gull chicks
49. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Navigation of bees
Atmospheric pressure
geographic isolation
Phenotype
50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Atmospheric pressure
behavioral isolation
phenotypic expression
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys