Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






2. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






3. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






4. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






5. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






6. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






7. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






8. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






9. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






10. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






11. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






12. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






13. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






14. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






15. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






16. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






17. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






18. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






19. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






20. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






22. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






23. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






24. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






25. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






26. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






28. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






29. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






30. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






31. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






33. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






34. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






35. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






36. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






37. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






38. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






39. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






40. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






41. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






42. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






43. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






44. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






45. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






46. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






48. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






50. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away