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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
homeostasis
Herring gull chicks
Releasing stimuli
Polarized light
2. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Walter Cannon
Fight or flight
Dominant and recessive gene
Sexual selection
3. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
homeostasis
behavioral isolation
Magnetic sense
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
4. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
isolation by season
Dominant and recessive gene
Estrus
5. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Gamete
Communication of bees
Altruism
Herring gull chicks
6. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Selective breeding
Instrumental learning
Hierarchy of bees
Animal aggression
7. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Stickleback fish
Karl von Frisch
Gamete
Echolocation
8. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Selective breeding
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Magnetic sense
Cross fostering experiments
9. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Flower selection of bees
Charles Darwin
Inbreeding
10. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Fight or flight
Dominant and recessive gene
Genetic drift
11. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Pheromones
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Walter Cannon
Fixed action patterns (example)
12. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Echolocation
Stickleback fish
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
13. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Phenotype
Fight or flight
homeostasis
Imprinting
14. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
geographic isolation
Natural selection
Wolfgang Kohler
15. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
R. C. Tyron
Sensitive or critical periods
Genes
Magnetic sense
16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Wolfgang Kohler
Zygote
Navigation of bees
mechanical isolation
17. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Polarized light
Hearing of owls
Supernormal sign stimulus
Flower selection of bees
18. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Genetic drift
Inbreeding
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
19. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Ethology
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Karl von Frisch
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
20. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
R. C. Tyron
Waggle dance
Round dance
Navigation cues
21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Animal aggression
Alleles
Wolfgang Kohler
22. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Hearing of owls
Walter Cannon
Fight or flight
23. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Eric Kandel
behavioral isolation
Comparative psychology
24. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Sensitive or critical periods
Genes
Fight or flight
Harry Harlow
25. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
Hearing of owls
26. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Releasing stimuli
Genetic drift
Ethology
Fitness
27. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Mating of bees
Sexual dimorphism
28. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Fixed action patterns (example)
Wolfgang Kohler
29. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Wolfgang Kohler
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Walter Cannon
Inclusive fitness
30. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Releasing stimuli
geographic isolation
Herring gull chicks
Fitness
31. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Releasing stimuli
Walter Cannon
Konrad Lorenz
Star compass
32. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Interaction between instinct and learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Gamete
Navigation of animals
33. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Fixed action patterns (example)
Flower selection of bees
phenotypic expression
34. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Walter Cannon
Navigation cues
Cross fostering experiments
Hearing of owls
35. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Navigation cues
Gamete
36. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Karl von Frisch
Hierarchy of bees
Magnetic sense
homeostasis
37. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Alleles
Walter Cannon
Imprinting
38. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Biological clocks
Altruism
Genes
R. C. Tyron
39. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Sun compass
behavioral isolation
Echolocation
40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Navigation cues
Flower selection of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Circadian rhythms
41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Eric Kandel
Fitness
Navigation of bees
behavioral isolation
42. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Sensitive or critical periods
Eric Kandel
R. C. Tyron
43. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Karl von Frisch
mechanical isolation
Navigation of animals
behavioral isolation
44. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Hearing of owls
Navigation of animals
Genetic drift
45. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Fight or flight
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Imprinting
geographic isolation
46. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Genes
Fixed action patterns (example)
Interaction between instinct and learning
Edward Thorndike
47. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Communication of bees
Karl von Frisch
Mating of bees
Stickleback fish
48. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Walter Cannon
Navigation of animals
geographic isolation
Mating of bees
49. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Mimicry
Communication of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Harry Harlow
50. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Zygote
Alleles
Inclusive fitness
Instinctual drift (example)