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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






2. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






3. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






4. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






5. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






6. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






7. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






8. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






9. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






10. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






11. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






12. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






13. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






14. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






15. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






16. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






17. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






18. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






20. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






21. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






22. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






24. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






25. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






26. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






27. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






28. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






29. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






30. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






31. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






32. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






33. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






34. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






35. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






36. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






37. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






38. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






39. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






40. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






41. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






42. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






43. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






44. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






45. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






46. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






47. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






48. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






49. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






50. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue