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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






2. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






3. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






4. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






6. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






7. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






8. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






9. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






10. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






11. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






12. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






13. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






14. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






15. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






16. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






17. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






18. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






19. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






20. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






22. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






25. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






26. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






27. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






28. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






29. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






30. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






32. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






33. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






35. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






37. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






38. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






39. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






41. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






42. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






43. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






44. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






46. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






47. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






48. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






49. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons