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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






2. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






3. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






4. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






5. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






6. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






8. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






10. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






11. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






12. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






13. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






14. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






15. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






16. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






18. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






19. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






20. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






21. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






22. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






23. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






24. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






25. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






26. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






27. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






28. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






29. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






30. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






31. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






32. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






33. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






34. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






35. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






36. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






37. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






38. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






39. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






40. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






41. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






43. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






44. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






45. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






46. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






47. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






48. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






49. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






50. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate