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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






2. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






3. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






4. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






5. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






7. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






8. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






9. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






13. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






14. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






15. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






16. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






17. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






18. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






19. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






20. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






21. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






24. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






25. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






26. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






27. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






28. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






29. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






30. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






31. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






32. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






33. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






34. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






36. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






38. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






39. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






40. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






41. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






42. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






43. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






44. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






45. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






46. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






47. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






48. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






49. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






50. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small