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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Genetic drift
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Infrasound
Waggle dance
2. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Cross fostering experiments
Polarized light
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
3. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
Gamete
Round dance
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Instrumental learning
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
geographic isolation
Releasing stimuli
5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
phenotypic expression
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Fight or flight
Alleles
6. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
Atmospheric pressure
Inbreeding
Supernormal sign stimulus
7. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Navigation of bees
Sexual dimorphism
Mating of bees
homeostasis
8. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
Mimicry
Circadian rhythms
9. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
behavioral isolation
Inclusive fitness
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Flower selection of bees
10. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Star compass
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Communication of bees
11. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Imprinting
Navigation of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
12. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Comparative psychology
Gamete
isolation by season
behavioral isolation
13. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Charles Darwin
genotype
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Infrasound
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
isolation by season
Navigation of animals
15. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Fixed action patterns (example)
behavioral isolation
Supernormal sign stimulus
16. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Genetic drift
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Circadian rhythms
17. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Wolfgang Kohler
Charles Darwin
Navigation of bees
Polarized light
18. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Genes
Atmospheric pressure
Herring gull chicks
Sexual selection
19. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Harry Harlow
Courting
Sexual dimorphism
Karl von Frisch
20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Selective breeding
geographic isolation
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual selection
21. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
homeostasis
Supernormal sign stimulus
Genes
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
22. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Infrasound
Instrumental learning
Navigation of bees
23. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Sexual dimorphism
Biological clocks
Inbreeding
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
24. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Animal aggression
Dominant and recessive gene
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Zygote
Echolocation
R. C. Tyron
behavioral isolation
26. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Interaction between instinct and learning
Animal aggression
Natural selection
Instinctual/innate behaviours
27. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Zygote
Fixed action patterns (example)
Harry Harlow
Releasing stimuli
28. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
R. C. Tyron
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Infrasound
29. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Mating of bees
Sun compass
Fixed action patterns (example)
Navigation of animals
30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Hearing of owls
mechanical isolation
Natural selection
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
behavioral isolation
Natural selection
Instrumental learning
Inbreeding
32. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Pheromones
Hierarchy of bees
Comparative psychology
Phenotype
33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Estrus
Cross fostering experiments
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Circadian rhythms
34. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Cross fostering experiments
R. C. Tyron
Instinctual drift (example)
Navigation of bees
35. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Echolocation
Harry Harlow
Star compass
genotype
36. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Pheromones
Wolfgang Kohler
Genetic drift
37. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Star compass
Stickleback fish
Interaction between instinct and learning
Supernormal sign stimulus
38. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Sexual selection
Harry Harlow
Navigation of animals
Wolfgang Kohler
39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Polarized light
Pheromones
Infrasound
Charles Darwin
40. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Fixed action patterns (example)
Wolfgang Kohler
Imprinting
Charles Darwin
41. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Karl von Frisch
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Circadian rhythms
42. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Courting
Genes
Hearing of owls
Supernormal sign stimulus
43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
genotype
Sensitive or critical periods
Sexual selection
Comparative psychology
44. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Inbreeding
Harry Harlow
Inclusive fitness
Sexual dimorphism
45. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Hearing of owls
Navigation of animals
Cross fostering experiments
46. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Echolocation
Phenotype
Walter Cannon
47. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Star compass
Navigation of bees
Herring gull chicks
Genes
48. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
isolation by season
Polarized light
Comparative psychology
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
49. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Karl von Frisch
Inclusive fitness
isolation by season
Infrasound
50. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Circadian rhythms
Imprinting
phenotypic expression
Zygote