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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






2. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






3. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






4. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






5. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






6. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






8. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






9. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






10. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






11. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






12. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






13. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






14. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






15. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






17. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






18. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






21. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






22. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






23. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






24. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






25. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






26. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






27. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






28. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






29. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






30. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






31. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






33. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






34. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






35. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






36. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






37. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






38. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






39. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






40. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






41. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






42. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






43. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






44. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






45. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






46. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






47. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






50. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways