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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






2. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






3. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






4. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






6. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






7. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






8. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






9. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






10. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






11. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






12. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






13. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






14. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






16. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






17. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






18. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






19. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






21. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






23. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






24. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






25. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






26. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






27. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






28. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






29. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






30. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






31. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






33. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






34. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






35. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






36. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






37. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






38. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






39. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






40. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






41. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






42. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






43. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






44. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






45. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






46. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






47. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






48. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






49. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






50. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness