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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
mechanical isolation
isolation by season
Circadian rhythms
2. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Courting
Altruism
Selective breeding
Fight or flight
3. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Phenotype
Magnetic sense
Ethology
4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Charles Darwin
Hierarchy of bees
Karl von Frisch
Inbreeding
5. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Interaction between instinct and learning
Sexual dimorphism
behavioral isolation
6. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Altruism
Eric Kandel
Courting
Magnetic sense
7. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Charles Darwin
Imprinting
Hierarchy of bees
behavioral isolation
8. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Interaction between instinct and learning
Animal aggression
Eric Kandel
Sun compass
9. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
Magnetic sense
Sexual selection
10. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Selective breeding
Navigation of animals
Inclusive fitness
Hierarchy of bees
11. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Zygote
Atmospheric pressure
Supernormal sign stimulus
Karl von Frisch
12. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Alleles
behavioral isolation
Releasing stimuli
Animal aggression
13. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Animal aggression
Instinctual drift (example)
Konrad Lorenz
Edward Thorndike
14. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Star compass
Navigation of bees
Edward Thorndike
Inclusive fitness
15. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Konrad Lorenz
Round dance
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Pheromones
16. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Comparative psychology
Instinctual drift (example)
homeostasis
Fight or flight
17. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Alleles
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Round dance
Dominant and recessive gene
18. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Imprinting
Comparative psychology
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Nikolaas Tinbergen
19. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Pheromones
Hearing of owls
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Polarized light
20. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Instinctual drift (example)
Charles Darwin
Sexual selection
behavioral isolation
21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Eric Kandel
Herring gull chicks
Animal aggression
Sensitive or critical periods
22. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
mechanical isolation
Circadian rhythms
Releasing stimuli
23. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Herring gull chicks
Sexual dimorphism
Alleles
Imprinting
24. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Cross fostering experiments
Waggle dance
Polarized light
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
25. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Wolfgang Kohler
Waggle dance
Instinctual drift (example)
26. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Inbreeding
Pheromones
27. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Natural selection
Genes
Inclusive fitness
Mating of bees
28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Communication of bees
Round dance
Estrus
homeostasis
29. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Natural selection
Konrad Lorenz
Nikolaas Tinbergen
30. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
isolation by season
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Sun compass
31. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Karl von Frisch
Navigation of bees
Gamete
geographic isolation
32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
phenotypic expression
Gamete
geographic isolation
Navigation cues
33. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Selective breeding
Hearing of owls
Flower selection of bees
Star compass
34. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
genotype
Sensitive or critical periods
Instinctual/innate behaviours
35. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
isolation by season
Fitness
Releasing stimuli
Estrus
36. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Circadian rhythms
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
37. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Polarized light
Sensitive or critical periods
Inbreeding
behavioral isolation
38. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Supernormal sign stimulus
behavioral isolation
39. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
isolation by season
Releasing stimuli
Sexual dimorphism
40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
geographic isolation
Fitness
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
R. C. Tyron
41. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Pheromones
Eric Kandel
Flower selection of bees
Sun compass
42. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Instinctual drift (example)
Herring gull chicks
Wolfgang Kohler
43. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Cross fostering experiments
Imprinting
phenotypic expression
Atmospheric pressure
44. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Navigation of animals
Selective breeding
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Zygote
45. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Waggle dance
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Sun compass
Supernormal sign stimulus
46. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Sexual selection
Instrumental learning
phenotypic expression
Courting
47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Genes
Genetic drift
Interaction between instinct and learning
48. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Waggle dance
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
49. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Releasing stimuli
Animal aggression
Eric Kandel
50. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
mechanical isolation
Courting
Natural selection
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours