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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Pheromones
Imprinting
Comparative psychology
2. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Atmospheric pressure
Karl von Frisch
Konrad Lorenz
3. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Star compass
Sensitive or critical periods
Harry Harlow
4. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Biological clocks
Round dance
Infrasound
Circadian rhythms
5. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
phenotypic expression
Courting
Charles Darwin
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
6. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Fitness
Pheromones
Eric Kandel
7. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
isolation by season
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
genotype
8. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Star compass
Sun compass
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instrumental learning
9. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Sensitive or critical periods
Supernormal sign stimulus
Stickleback fish
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
10. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
mechanical isolation
Navigation of animals
Edward Thorndike
11. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual drift (example)
Navigation cues
Echolocation
12. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Instinctual drift (example)
Natural selection
isolation by season
Mating of bees
13. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
behavioral isolation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation cues
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
mechanical isolation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Fitness
geographic isolation
15. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
behavioral isolation
Altruism
Releasing stimuli
Navigation cues
16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Mimicry
Star compass
Sexual selection
Imprinting
17. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Instrumental learning
Harry Harlow
Hierarchy of bees
Genes
18. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Flower selection of bees
Imprinting
Estrus
19. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Walter Cannon
Hierarchy of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
20. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Sensitive or critical periods
Releasing stimuli
Sun compass
Wolfgang Kohler
21. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Selective breeding
Fight or flight
Comparative psychology
22. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Sun compass
Wolfgang Kohler
Instinctual/innate behaviours
23. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Genes
Star compass
Waggle dance
R. C. Tyron
24. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Polarized light
Phenotype
Supernormal sign stimulus
25. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Flower selection of bees
phenotypic expression
Supernormal sign stimulus
Herring gull chicks
26. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Sexual selection
Hierarchy of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
homeostasis
27. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Animal aggression
Waggle dance
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Circadian rhythms
28. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Herring gull chicks
Magnetic sense
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
29. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
Gamete
R. C. Tyron
Hierarchy of bees
30. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Fixed action patterns (example)
Charles Darwin
Hearing of owls
Sexual dimorphism
31. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Waggle dance
Inbreeding
Mimicry
Dominant and recessive gene
32. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Alleles
Navigation cues
Mimicry
Supernormal sign stimulus
33. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
behavioral isolation
Selective breeding
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
geographic isolation
Herring gull chicks
Cross fostering experiments
Flower selection of bees
35. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Estrus
Ethology
geographic isolation
Instinctual drift (example)
36. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Dominant and recessive gene
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
37. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Communication of bees
Genes
Wolfgang Kohler
38. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Wolfgang Kohler
Round dance
Inbreeding
Hearing of owls
39. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Atmospheric pressure
Interaction between instinct and learning
Alleles
40. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
geographic isolation
Fight or flight
Harry Harlow
41. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Navigation cues
Instinctual drift (example)
Infrasound
42. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Communication of bees
Walter Cannon
Comparative psychology
genotype
43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Navigation of animals
Harry Harlow
Genetic drift
Sensitive or critical periods
44. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Instinctual drift (example)
Genetic drift
Konrad Lorenz
45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Navigation cues
Polarized light
Eric Kandel
46. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Fixed action patterns (example)
Navigation of animals
homeostasis
Altruism
47. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Sexual selection
Navigation cues
Estrus
Edward Thorndike
48. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Edward Thorndike
Ethology
Circadian rhythms
homeostasis
49. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Supernormal sign stimulus
Stickleback fish
Fitness
Herring gull chicks
50. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Charles Darwin
Communication of bees
Alleles