Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






2. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






3. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






4. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






5. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






7. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






8. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






9. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






10. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






11. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






13. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






14. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






15. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






16. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






17. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






19. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






21. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






23. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






24. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






25. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






26. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






27. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






28. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






29. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






30. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






31. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






32. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






33. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






34. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






35. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






36. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






37. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






38. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






39. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






40. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






41. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






42. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






43. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






44. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






45. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






46. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






47. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






48. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






50. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed