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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
mechanical isolation
Waggle dance
Genes
2. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
mechanical isolation
Navigation of animals
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
3. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
phenotypic expression
Stickleback fish
4. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Mating of bees
Stickleback fish
Wolfgang Kohler
5. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Star compass
Magnetic sense
Gamete
Wolfgang Kohler
6. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Waggle dance
Wolfgang Kohler
Instinctual drift (example)
Dominant and recessive gene
7. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Courting
Selective breeding
Waggle dance
8. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Alleles
Magnetic sense
Comparative psychology
Interaction between instinct and learning
9. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Herring gull chicks
behavioral isolation
Courting
Karl von Frisch
10. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Estrus
behavioral isolation
Circadian rhythms
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
11. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Mating of bees
Charles Darwin
Genetic drift
Gamete
12. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Star compass
Walter Cannon
Supernormal sign stimulus
Sexual selection
13. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Atmospheric pressure
Circadian rhythms
geographic isolation
Pheromones
14. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
Konrad Lorenz
isolation by season
15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Genetic drift
Edward Thorndike
Harry Harlow
behavioral isolation
16. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Harry Harlow
Biological clocks
Wolfgang Kohler
17. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Navigation of animals
Polarized light
isolation by season
Star compass
18. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Sun compass
Phenotype
Zygote
Sexual dimorphism
19. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Inclusive fitness
Gamete
Fixed action patterns (example)
Mating of bees
20. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
geographic isolation
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
21. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Harry Harlow
Eric Kandel
Karl von Frisch
Circadian rhythms
22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Selective breeding
Estrus
Instinctual/innate behaviours
23. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Comparative psychology
Sensitive or critical periods
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Mating of bees
24. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Waggle dance
Interaction between instinct and learning
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
25. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Nikolaas Tinbergen
genotype
Atmospheric pressure
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
26. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Biological clocks
Phenotype
Genetic drift
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
27. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Fight or flight
Alleles
homeostasis
Echolocation
28. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Altruism
Imprinting
Herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Herring gull chicks
mechanical isolation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
30. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Natural selection
Supernormal sign stimulus
Ethology
Mating of bees
31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Instrumental learning
Estrus
Stickleback fish
Interaction between instinct and learning
32. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Natural selection
Courting
Imprinting
33. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Star compass
Walter Cannon
Communication of bees
genotype
34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Supernormal sign stimulus
Hierarchy of bees
genotype
35. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Inclusive fitness
R. C. Tyron
Atmospheric pressure
36. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Genes
Circadian rhythms
Fight or flight
genotype
37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Hierarchy of bees
Edward Thorndike
Cross fostering experiments
38. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Walter Cannon
Ethology
Pheromones
Fitness
39. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
genotype
Walter Cannon
Navigation of bees
40. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Charles Darwin
Fitness
Communication of bees
Comparative psychology
41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Wolfgang Kohler
Mating of bees
Harry Harlow
isolation by season
42. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Circadian rhythms
Supernormal sign stimulus
Estrus
43. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Genetic drift
Hierarchy of bees
Courting
Infrasound
44. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Zygote
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
homeostasis
45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Fight or flight
Polarized light
Altruism
Inclusive fitness
46. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Walter Cannon
Echolocation
Edward Thorndike
Sexual selection
47. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Biological clocks
phenotypic expression
Navigation of bees
Navigation of animals
48. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Comparative psychology
mechanical isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Instinctual drift (example)
49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Navigation of animals
Ethology
Biological clocks
Sensitive or critical periods
50. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Mimicry
Konrad Lorenz
Echolocation