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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






2. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






3. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






6. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






7. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






8. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






9. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






10. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






11. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






12. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






13. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






15. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






16. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






17. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






18. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






19. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






21. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






22. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






23. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






24. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






26. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






27. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






28. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






29. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






32. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






34. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






35. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






36. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






37. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






38. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






40. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






41. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






42. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






44. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






45. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






46. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






47. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






48. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






49. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






50. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid