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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






3. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






4. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






5. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






6. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






7. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






8. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






9. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






10. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






11. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






12. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






13. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






14. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






15. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






16. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






18. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






19. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






20. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






21. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






23. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






24. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






25. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






26. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






27. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






28. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






29. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






30. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






31. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






32. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






34. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






35. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






36. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






37. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






38. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






39. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






40. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






41. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






42. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






43. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






44. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






45. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






47. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






48. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






49. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






50. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity