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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






3. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






4. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






5. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






6. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






7. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






8. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






9. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






10. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






12. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






13. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






14. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






15. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






16. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






17. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






18. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






19. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






20. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






21. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






22. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






23. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






24. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






25. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






26. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






28. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






29. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






30. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






31. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






32. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






35. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






36. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






37. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






38. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






39. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






41. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






42. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






43. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






44. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






45. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






46. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






47. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






48. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






49. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






50. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours