Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






2. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






3. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






5. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






6. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






7. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






8. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






9. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






10. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






12. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






13. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






14. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






15. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






16. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






17. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






18. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






19. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






20. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






21. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






22. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






23. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






24. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






25. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






26. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






27. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






28. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






29. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






30. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






31. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






32. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






33. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






34. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






35. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






36. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






38. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






39. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






40. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






41. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






43. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






44. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






46. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






47. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






48. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






49. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






50. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways