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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






2. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






3. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






4. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






5. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






6. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






7. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






11. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






12. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






14. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






15. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






16. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






17. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






18. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






19. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






21. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






22. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






23. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






24. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






26. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






27. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






28. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






29. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






30. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






31. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






32. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






33. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






34. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






35. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






36. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






37. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






38. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






39. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






40. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






41. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






42. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






43. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






44. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






45. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






46. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






47. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






48. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






49. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






50. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)