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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






2. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






3. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






4. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






5. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






6. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






7. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






8. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






9. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






10. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






11. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






12. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






13. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






14. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






15. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






16. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






17. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






18. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






19. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






22. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






23. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






24. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






25. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






26. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






27. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






28. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






29. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






30. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






32. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






33. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






34. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






35. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






36. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






38. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






39. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






40. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






41. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






42. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






43. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






44. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






45. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






46. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






47. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






48. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






49. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






50. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa