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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Alleles
Infrasound
Cross fostering experiments
Communication of bees
2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Alleles
Supernormal sign stimulus
Atmospheric pressure
Natural selection
3. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Instrumental learning
Ethology
Animal aggression
Gamete
4. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
R. C. Tyron
Releasing stimuli
Circadian rhythms
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
5. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Genes
Releasing stimuli
Fitness
Inbreeding
6. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Courting
Magnetic sense
phenotypic expression
Sexual selection
7. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Mimicry
Fitness
8. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Genetic drift
Eric Kandel
Waggle dance
Navigation of bees
9. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Magnetic sense
Communication of bees
Cross fostering experiments
genotype
10. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
phenotypic expression
Sexual selection
Instinctual/innate behaviours
11. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Walter Cannon
Genes
Atmospheric pressure
Konrad Lorenz
12. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Courting
Dominant and recessive gene
Communication of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
13. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Walter Cannon
Cross fostering experiments
Konrad Lorenz
Stickleback fish
14. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Round dance
Circadian rhythms
Mating of bees
Zygote
15. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Circadian rhythms
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Round dance
Altruism
16. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
mechanical isolation
Waggle dance
Sexual selection
Inclusive fitness
17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Ethology
Eric Kandel
Flower selection of bees
geographic isolation
18. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
geographic isolation
genotype
Interaction between instinct and learning
Infrasound
19. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Animal aggression
Star compass
Eric Kandel
Wolfgang Kohler
20. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Inbreeding
Fitness
phenotypic expression
Fixed action patterns (example)
21. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Eric Kandel
Fixed action patterns (example)
Flower selection of bees
Biological clocks
22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Altruism
Sexual selection
mechanical isolation
Stickleback fish
23. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
R. C. Tyron
Konrad Lorenz
Infrasound
Round dance
24. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Biological clocks
Edward Thorndike
R. C. Tyron
phenotypic expression
25. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Mimicry
Imprinting
Fight or flight
Sun compass
26. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Sun compass
isolation by season
Dominant and recessive gene
27. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Navigation cues
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Hierarchy of bees
Karl von Frisch
28. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Biological clocks
Infrasound
Instrumental learning
Dominant and recessive gene
29. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Phenotype
Polarized light
R. C. Tyron
Nikolaas Tinbergen
30. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Star compass
Interaction between instinct and learning
Sun compass
Inclusive fitness
31. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
geographic isolation
32. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Sexual dimorphism
Cross fostering experiments
Waggle dance
Polarized light
33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Flower selection of bees
Alleles
Sexual selection
Gamete
34. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Sensitive or critical periods
Walter Cannon
Wolfgang Kohler
Karl von Frisch
35. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Animal aggression
Selective breeding
Herring gull chicks
36. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Comparative psychology
Edward Thorndike
Eric Kandel
Hierarchy of bees
37. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Fixed action patterns (example)
R. C. Tyron
Estrus
Harry Harlow
38. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Karl von Frisch
homeostasis
Gamete
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
39. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Sexual selection
Instinctual drift (example)
Harry Harlow
40. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Edward Thorndike
Flower selection of bees
behavioral isolation
Navigation cues
41. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Instrumental learning
mechanical isolation
Phenotype
42. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Selective breeding
Karl von Frisch
Imprinting
43. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Hearing of owls
Selective breeding
44. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Navigation of animals
Sexual selection
45. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Navigation of animals
Navigation cues
Genetic drift
Star compass
46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Inbreeding
behavioral isolation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of animals
47. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Biological clocks
Infrasound
Mating of bees
48. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Herring gull chicks
Phenotype
Hearing of owls
49. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Echolocation
Mating of bees
mechanical isolation
50. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Comparative psychology
Genes
Sun compass
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours