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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






2. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






3. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






4. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






5. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






6. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






7. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






8. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






9. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






10. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






11. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






12. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






13. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






14. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






16. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






17. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






18. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






20. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






21. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






23. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






24. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






25. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






26. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






27. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






28. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






29. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






31. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






32. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






33. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






34. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






35. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






36. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






38. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






39. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






40. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






42. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






44. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






45. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






46. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






48. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






49. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






50. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there