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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






2. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






4. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






5. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






6. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






7. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






9. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






10. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






11. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






12. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






14. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






15. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






17. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






18. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






19. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






20. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






21. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






25. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






26. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






27. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






28. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






29. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






31. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






32. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






33. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






34. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






35. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






36. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






37. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






38. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






39. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






40. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






41. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






42. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






43. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






44. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






45. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






46. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






47. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






48. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






49. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






50. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic