Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






2. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






3. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






4. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






5. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






6. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






8. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






11. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






12. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






13. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






14. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






16. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






17. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






18. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






19. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






20. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






22. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






23. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






24. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






25. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






26. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






27. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






28. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






29. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






30. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






31. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






32. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






33. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






34. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






35. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






36. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






37. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






38. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






39. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






40. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






41. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






42. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






43. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






44. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






45. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






46. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






47. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






48. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






49. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish