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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






2. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






3. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






5. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






6. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






7. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






8. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






9. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






10. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






12. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






13. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






14. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






15. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






16. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






17. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






19. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






20. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






21. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






22. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






23. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






24. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






25. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






26. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






27. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






28. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






29. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






30. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






31. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






32. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






33. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






34. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






35. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






36. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






37. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






38. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






39. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






40. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






41. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






42. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






44. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






47. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






48. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






50. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat