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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






2. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






3. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






4. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






5. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






7. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






9. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






10. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






11. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






12. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






13. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






14. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






17. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






18. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






20. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






22. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






23. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






24. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






25. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






26. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






27. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






28. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






29. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






30. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






31. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






32. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






33. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






35. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






36. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






38. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






39. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






40. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






41. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






42. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






43. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






44. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






45. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






46. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






47. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






48. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






49. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






50. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness