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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Polarized light
Atmospheric pressure
behavioral isolation
2. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Harry Harlow
Konrad Lorenz
Star compass
Sensitive or critical periods
3. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
Fitness
phenotypic expression
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
4. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Inclusive fitness
Fight or flight
Konrad Lorenz
Genetic drift
5. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Star compass
Hearing of owls
Sexual selection
6. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Navigation of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
Altruism
Edward Thorndike
7. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sensitive or critical periods
Releasing stimuli
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
8. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Phenotype
Biological clocks
Cross fostering experiments
Selective breeding
9. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Inbreeding
Mimicry
Biological clocks
10. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Cross fostering experiments
Atmospheric pressure
Navigation of bees
Echolocation
11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Sun compass
Waggle dance
Zygote
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
12. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
Harry Harlow
Animal aggression
13. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Ethology
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Animal aggression
Flower selection of bees
14. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Karl von Frisch
Sun compass
Inbreeding
Navigation of bees
15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Gamete
Instinctual drift (example)
Cross fostering experiments
Biological clocks
16. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Biological clocks
Sensitive or critical periods
Phenotype
R. C. Tyron
17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Sexual selection
Atmospheric pressure
18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Imprinting
isolation by season
Inbreeding
geographic isolation
19. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Harry Harlow
Flower selection of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
20. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Zygote
Karl von Frisch
Genetic drift
Hierarchy of bees
21. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Magnetic sense
Estrus
Releasing stimuli
Fight or flight
22. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Biological clocks
Altruism
Cross fostering experiments
23. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Zygote
homeostasis
Pheromones
Mating of bees
24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Inclusive fitness
isolation by season
Round dance
Natural selection
25. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Edward Thorndike
Mating of bees
Navigation of animals
Instinctual drift (example)
26. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Courting
Natural selection
Harry Harlow
27. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Sexual dimorphism
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Communication of bees
Walter Cannon
28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
mechanical isolation
Round dance
Mimicry
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
29. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Interaction between instinct and learning
Harry Harlow
Infrasound
30. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Cross fostering experiments
Hierarchy of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
31. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Navigation of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Inbreeding
Hierarchy of bees
32. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Echolocation
Flower selection of bees
Fitness
33. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Star compass
Charles Darwin
Mimicry
Atmospheric pressure
34. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Sexual selection
Genes
R. C. Tyron
Gamete
35. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Echolocation
Sun compass
Sexual selection
Genetic drift
36. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Stickleback fish
Waggle dance
Nikolaas Tinbergen
37. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Hierarchy of bees
genotype
Biological clocks
Polarized light
38. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Inbreeding
Ethology
Navigation of animals
Walter Cannon
39. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Navigation of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
Biological clocks
Natural selection
40. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
geographic isolation
Instinctual drift (example)
Selective breeding
41. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Star compass
Instinctual drift (example)
Inclusive fitness
Karl von Frisch
42. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Genes
Magnetic sense
Sexual dimorphism
43. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Edward Thorndike
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Instrumental learning
Walter Cannon
44. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Hearing of owls
Inclusive fitness
Sun compass
Cross fostering experiments
45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
phenotypic expression
Navigation cues
Communication of bees
46. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Mimicry
Sexual selection
Walter Cannon
Edward Thorndike
47. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Eric Kandel
Zygote
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
48. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Navigation of bees
Infrasound
49. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Polarized light
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Wolfgang Kohler
50. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Natural selection
Comparative psychology
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek