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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Sexual selection
Echolocation
Genes
Konrad Lorenz
2. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Wolfgang Kohler
Round dance
3. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Walter Cannon
Phenotype
Alleles
Hierarchy of bees
4. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
genotype
Mating of bees
Selective breeding
5. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
phenotypic expression
Edward Thorndike
Mating of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
6. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
homeostasis
Ethology
Zygote
Inclusive fitness
7. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Stickleback fish
Fitness
behavioral isolation
8. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Fitness
genotype
Natural selection
9. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Waggle dance
homeostasis
Supernormal sign stimulus
Natural selection
10. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Navigation cues
Polarized light
Herring gull chicks
Comparative psychology
11. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Hearing of owls
Star compass
R. C. Tyron
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
12. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Star compass
Imprinting
Gamete
Communication of bees
13. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Biological clocks
Courting
Genetic drift
Instinctual/innate behaviours
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
R. C. Tyron
Hierarchy of bees
mechanical isolation
Karl von Frisch
15. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Instrumental learning
Natural selection
Zygote
Mimicry
16. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Konrad Lorenz
Instrumental learning
Imprinting
Karl von Frisch
17. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Stickleback fish
R. C. Tyron
Fitness
Wolfgang Kohler
18. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Fixed action patterns (example)
Magnetic sense
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Genetic drift
19. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
geographic isolation
Natural selection
mechanical isolation
isolation by season
20. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Courting
Fitness
Ethology
21. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Fitness
Hierarchy of bees
Karl von Frisch
phenotypic expression
22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
Eric Kandel
Ethology
23. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Walter Cannon
Biological clocks
Wolfgang Kohler
Sensitive or critical periods
24. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
Interaction between instinct and learning
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Pheromones
25. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
geographic isolation
Echolocation
26. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Fixed action patterns (example)
Harry Harlow
Echolocation
Mimicry
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Alleles
Inbreeding
behavioral isolation
Inclusive fitness
28. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sun compass
Wolfgang Kohler
Hierarchy of bees
29. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Mating of bees
Mimicry
Stickleback fish
30. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Infrasound
Waggle dance
Inbreeding
Sensitive or critical periods
31. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Communication of bees
Magnetic sense
Circadian rhythms
Gamete
32. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Herring gull chicks
Genetic drift
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
33. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Altruism
Hearing of owls
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Gamete
34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Imprinting
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Cross fostering experiments
behavioral isolation
35. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Altruism
Estrus
Sexual dimorphism
Imprinting
36. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Stickleback fish
Atmospheric pressure
Courting
Altruism
37. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Fight or flight
Navigation of bees
Karl von Frisch
Sun compass
38. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
geographic isolation
Sexual dimorphism
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Wolfgang Kohler
39. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
behavioral isolation
Instinctual drift (example)
phenotypic expression
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
40. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Pheromones
Alleles
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Interaction between instinct and learning
41. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Walter Cannon
Pheromones
Fight or flight
Circadian rhythms
42. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Interaction between instinct and learning
Circadian rhythms
Polarized light
Genetic drift
43. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
behavioral isolation
phenotypic expression
Inclusive fitness
44. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Karl von Frisch
mechanical isolation
Fixed action patterns (example)
45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Sexual selection
Eric Kandel
Flower selection of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
46. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Altruism
Echolocation
Navigation cues
phenotypic expression
47. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
homeostasis
Charles Darwin
Eric Kandel
Flower selection of bees
48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
genotype
Infrasound
Herring gull chicks
geographic isolation
49. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
isolation by season
Wolfgang Kohler
Pheromones
Estrus
50. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Waggle dance
Harry Harlow
Fixed action patterns (example)
Courting