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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






3. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






4. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






5. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






6. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






7. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






8. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






9. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






10. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






11. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






12. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






14. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






16. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






17. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






18. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






19. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






20. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






21. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






22. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






23. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






25. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






26. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






27. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






28. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






29. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






30. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






31. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






32. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






33. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






34. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






35. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






36. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






37. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






38. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






39. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






40. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






41. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






42. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






43. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






44. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






45. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






46. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






47. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






48. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






50. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour