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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






2. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






3. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






4. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






6. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






7. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






8. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






9. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






10. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






11. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






12. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






13. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






14. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






15. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






16. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






17. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






18. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






19. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






21. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






22. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






24. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






25. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






26. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






27. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






28. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






29. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






30. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






32. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






33. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






34. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






35. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






36. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






37. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






38. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






39. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






40. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






41. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






42. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






43. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






44. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






45. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






46. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






47. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






48. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






49. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing