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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






2. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






5. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






6. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






7. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






9. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






10. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






11. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






12. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






13. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






14. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






15. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






16. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






17. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






18. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






19. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






21. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






23. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






24. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






25. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






26. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






27. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






28. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






29. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






30. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






31. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






32. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






33. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






34. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






35. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






36. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






37. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






39. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






41. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






42. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






43. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






44. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






45. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






46. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






47. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






48. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






49. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






50. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways