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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






2. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






3. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






4. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






5. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






8. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






10. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






11. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






12. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






13. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






14. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






15. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






16. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






18. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






19. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






20. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






21. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






22. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






24. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






25. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






26. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






27. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






28. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






29. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






30. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






31. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






32. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






33. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






34. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






35. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






36. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






37. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






38. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






39. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






40. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






41. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






42. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






43. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






44. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






45. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






46. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






48. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






49. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






50. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light