SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Eric Kandel
genotype
Genetic drift
Interaction between instinct and learning
2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
homeostasis
Harry Harlow
Infrasound
3. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Edward Thorndike
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Konrad Lorenz
Gamete
4. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Walter Cannon
Alleles
Sexual dimorphism
Altruism
5. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of animals
Dominant and recessive gene
Fight or flight
6. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Flower selection of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Pheromones
Instinctual drift (example)
7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Inbreeding
geographic isolation
Inclusive fitness
Atmospheric pressure
8. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Genetic drift
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Altruism
9. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Estrus
Echolocation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Harry Harlow
10. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Infrasound
Circadian rhythms
Courting
11. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
behavioral isolation
Communication of bees
Konrad Lorenz
Instinctual/innate behaviours
12. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
Sensitive or critical periods
Cross fostering experiments
Eric Kandel
13. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Releasing stimuli
Selective breeding
Karl von Frisch
Edward Thorndike
14. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Communication of bees
Releasing stimuli
Inclusive fitness
15. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Interaction between instinct and learning
Circadian rhythms
Communication of bees
16. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Inclusive fitness
Biological clocks
Charles Darwin
Infrasound
17. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Animal aggression
genotype
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
mechanical isolation
18. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Dominant and recessive gene
Sun compass
Selective breeding
Walter Cannon
19. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Releasing stimuli
Fight or flight
Harry Harlow
Herring gull chicks
20. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Supernormal sign stimulus
Instinctual drift (example)
Eric Kandel
Fight or flight
21. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Animal aggression
Karl von Frisch
Navigation of bees
Hierarchy of bees
22. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Genes
Estrus
Hierarchy of bees
Courting
23. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Flower selection of bees
Navigation of animals
Navigation of bees
Genetic drift
24. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Interaction between instinct and learning
Hierarchy of bees
Sun compass
Inbreeding
25. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Biological clocks
Karl von Frisch
Animal aggression
26. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
behavioral isolation
Sensitive or critical periods
Charles Darwin
Zygote
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Hearing of owls
Edward Thorndike
Selective breeding
28. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Selective breeding
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
isolation by season
Navigation cues
29. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Walter Cannon
Inclusive fitness
Mimicry
30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Interaction between instinct and learning
Mimicry
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
31. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Dominant and recessive gene
Phenotype
Biological clocks
Konrad Lorenz
32. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Altruism
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Inbreeding
33. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Instinctual drift (example)
Mimicry
geographic isolation
Echolocation
34. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
phenotypic expression
Round dance
genotype
35. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Interaction between instinct and learning
Estrus
Konrad Lorenz
36. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Navigation of animals
behavioral isolation
phenotypic expression
Konrad Lorenz
37. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
Sensitive or critical periods
behavioral isolation
Stickleback fish
38. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Sexual selection
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Hearing of owls
Natural selection
39. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Dominant and recessive gene
Mimicry
Magnetic sense
Nikolaas Tinbergen
40. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Sun compass
Navigation of bees
Inclusive fitness
Selective breeding
41. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Herring gull chicks
Navigation of bees
Charles Darwin
Imprinting
42. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fitness
Harry Harlow
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Fixed action patterns (example)
43. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Stickleback fish
Navigation of bees
Inbreeding
Instrumental learning
44. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Sensitive or critical periods
homeostasis
Karl von Frisch
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
45. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Pheromones
Imprinting
Comparative psychology
46. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Interaction between instinct and learning
Estrus
Hearing of owls
Karl von Frisch
47. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Navigation cues
mechanical isolation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
48. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
mechanical isolation
Natural selection
R. C. Tyron
Ethology
49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Fixed action patterns (example)
Biological clocks
Mating of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
50. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Estrus
Stickleback fish
Navigation cues
Biological clocks