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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






3. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






4. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






5. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






6. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






7. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






8. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






9. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






10. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






11. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






12. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






13. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






14. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






15. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






17. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






18. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






19. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






20. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






21. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






22. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






23. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






24. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






25. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






26. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






27. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






28. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






29. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






30. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






31. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






32. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






33. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






34. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






35. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






36. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






37. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






38. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






39. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






40. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






41. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






42. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






43. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






44. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






45. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






46. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






47. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






48. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






49. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






50. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue