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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Fitness
Harry Harlow
Star compass
Konrad Lorenz
2. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Selective breeding
Sexual selection
Genetic drift
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
3. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Karl von Frisch
Phenotype
Polarized light
4. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Flower selection of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
Karl von Frisch
5. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Releasing stimuli
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
behavioral isolation
genotype
6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Sensitive or critical periods
Phenotype
geographic isolation
mechanical isolation
7. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Karl von Frisch
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Inbreeding
homeostasis
8. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Navigation of animals
Sexual dimorphism
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Wolfgang Kohler
9. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Biological clocks
Communication of bees
Flower selection of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
10. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Interaction between instinct and learning
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
isolation by season
Imprinting
11. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Navigation of animals
Navigation of bees
Cross fostering experiments
Gamete
12. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
geographic isolation
Instrumental learning
homeostasis
13. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Edward Thorndike
geographic isolation
Karl von Frisch
Natural selection
14. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Circadian rhythms
Navigation cues
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Nikolaas Tinbergen
15. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Inclusive fitness
Communication of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Eric Kandel
16. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Fight or flight
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Sensitive or critical periods
17. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Instrumental learning
Sexual dimorphism
Gamete
18. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Wolfgang Kohler
Magnetic sense
Sexual dimorphism
19. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Wolfgang Kohler
Charles Darwin
isolation by season
R. C. Tyron
20. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Navigation cues
Infrasound
phenotypic expression
Star compass
21. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Polarized light
Zygote
Charles Darwin
22. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Stickleback fish
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
Animal aggression
23. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Instinctual drift (example)
Imprinting
Sun compass
Circadian rhythms
24. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Herring gull chicks
Harry Harlow
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Sexual selection
25. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Navigation cues
Stickleback fish
Gamete
26. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
behavioral isolation
Selective breeding
Supernormal sign stimulus
Comparative psychology
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Circadian rhythms
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Atmospheric pressure
behavioral isolation
Inclusive fitness
Supernormal sign stimulus
29. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Walter Cannon
Estrus
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Hearing of owls
30. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Cross fostering experiments
Genes
Hierarchy of bees
Altruism
31. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Hierarchy of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
Walter Cannon
Genetic drift
32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sexual dimorphism
Fixed action patterns (example)
Navigation of bees
Sun compass
33. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Altruism
Alleles
Inclusive fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
34. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
genotype
Infrasound
Sensitive or critical periods
Mating of bees
35. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Stickleback fish
Harry Harlow
Fixed action patterns (example)
Mating of bees
36. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Interaction between instinct and learning
Echolocation
Imprinting
Selective breeding
37. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
genotype
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
38. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Polarized light
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Circadian rhythms
Edward Thorndike
39. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Inclusive fitness
Supernormal sign stimulus
Fixed action patterns (example)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Sexual selection
Courting
Animal aggression
Estrus
41. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Fixed action patterns (example)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Alleles
42. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Karl von Frisch
Communication of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
Fitness
43. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Natural selection
Magnetic sense
Infrasound
Navigation of bees
44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Courting
Instrumental learning
Sun compass
Instinctual drift (example)
45. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Comparative psychology
Edward Thorndike
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Releasing stimuli
phenotypic expression
Flower selection of bees
isolation by season
47. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Flower selection of bees
Konrad Lorenz
Fight or flight
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
48. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Releasing stimuli
Zygote
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
49. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Communication of bees
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Sun compass
Genes
50. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Alleles
Charles Darwin
Star compass
Eric Kandel