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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






2. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






3. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






5. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






6. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






7. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






8. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






9. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






10. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






11. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






12. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






13. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






14. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






15. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






16. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






17. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






18. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






19. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






20. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






22. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






23. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






26. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






27. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






28. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






29. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






30. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






31. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






32. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






33. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






34. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






35. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






36. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






37. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






38. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






39. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






40. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






41. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






42. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






43. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






44. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






46. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






47. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways