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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Navigation cues
Circadian rhythms
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
2. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Imprinting
Pheromones
Harry Harlow
3. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
genotype
Herring gull chicks
Cross fostering experiments
Flower selection of bees
4. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Stickleback fish
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Edward Thorndike
Round dance
5. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of bees
Estrus
Fitness
Navigation of animals
6. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Releasing stimuli
Polarized light
Estrus
Genetic drift
7. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sun compass
Sexual dimorphism
Atmospheric pressure
Dominant and recessive gene
8. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Mating of bees
Hearing of owls
Atmospheric pressure
Fight or flight
9. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Ethology
Charles Darwin
Imprinting
Walter Cannon
10. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Inbreeding
Eric Kandel
Navigation cues
Altruism
11. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Communication of bees
Karl von Frisch
Konrad Lorenz
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
12. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Alleles
Echolocation
Wolfgang Kohler
13. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Navigation of animals
Mimicry
Waggle dance
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
14. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Altruism
Instrumental learning
Walter Cannon
15. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Mating of bees
Round dance
Infrasound
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Dominant and recessive gene
mechanical isolation
Fitness
Supernormal sign stimulus
17. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Inclusive fitness
Selective breeding
behavioral isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
18. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
geographic isolation
Harry Harlow
mechanical isolation
19. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Biological clocks
Supernormal sign stimulus
Inbreeding
Sensitive or critical periods
20. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
mechanical isolation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Fixed action patterns (example)
21. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
R. C. Tyron
Hierarchy of bees
Alleles
Echolocation
22. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
phenotypic expression
Zygote
Hearing of owls
23. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Fight or flight
Charles Darwin
Sexual selection
Flower selection of bees
24. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Waggle dance
Fixed action patterns (example)
Navigation of animals
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
25. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Estrus
genotype
Polarized light
Selective breeding
26. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Interaction between instinct and learning
Imprinting
Zygote
Karl von Frisch
27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Animal aggression
Gamete
Navigation of animals
Sensitive or critical periods
28. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Hierarchy of bees
Natural selection
Genes
29. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Magnetic sense
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Sexual selection
30. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
isolation by season
Sensitive or critical periods
genotype
31. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Imprinting
Sexual selection
Altruism
Natural selection
32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Polarized light
Wolfgang Kohler
Navigation of bees
Sun compass
33. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Zygote
Infrasound
34. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
Genes
35. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
R. C. Tyron
Herring gull chicks
Alleles
36. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
phenotypic expression
homeostasis
Instrumental learning
Interaction between instinct and learning
37. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
geographic isolation
Navigation of animals
Charles Darwin
Mimicry
38. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Sexual dimorphism
isolation by season
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Navigation cues
39. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Altruism
Sensitive or critical periods
Stickleback fish
Sun compass
40. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Sexual dimorphism
Selective breeding
Ethology
Imprinting
41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Imprinting
Stickleback fish
Hierarchy of bees
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
42. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Instinctual drift (example)
Inbreeding
Karl von Frisch
43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
Dominant and recessive gene
Cross fostering experiments
Edward Thorndike
44. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Waggle dance
Phenotype
Magnetic sense
Flower selection of bees
45. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Communication of bees
isolation by season
Konrad Lorenz
46. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Walter Cannon
Konrad Lorenz
47. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Round dance
Navigation of bees
Konrad Lorenz
48. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Sexual selection
Navigation cues
Walter Cannon
Genetic drift
49. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Genetic drift
phenotypic expression
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
50. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Fight or flight
Star compass
Selective breeding
Courting