Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






2. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






3. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






4. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






6. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






7. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






8. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






9. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






10. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






12. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






13. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






14. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






15. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






16. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






17. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






19. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






20. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






21. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






23. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






24. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






25. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






26. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






28. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






29. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






30. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






31. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






32. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






33. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






34. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






35. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






36. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






37. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






38. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






39. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






40. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






41. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






42. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






43. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






44. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






45. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






46. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






47. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






48. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






50. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)