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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






2. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






3. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






4. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






5. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






6. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






7. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






8. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






10. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






11. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






13. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






14. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






15. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






16. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






17. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






18. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






19. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






20. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






21. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






22. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






23. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






24. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






25. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






26. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






29. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






30. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






31. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






32. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






33. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






34. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






35. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






36. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






37. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






38. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






39. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






41. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






42. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






45. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






46. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






49. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






50. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours