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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






2. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






3. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






4. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






5. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






6. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






7. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






9. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






10. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






11. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






12. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






13. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






14. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






15. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






16. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






17. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






18. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






19. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






20. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






21. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






22. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






23. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






24. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






25. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






27. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






28. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






29. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






30. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






32. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






33. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






34. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






35. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






36. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






37. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






38. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






39. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






40. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






41. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






42. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






43. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






44. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






45. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






46. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






47. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






48. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






49. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species