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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






2. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






3. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






4. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






5. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






6. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






8. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






10. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






11. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






12. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






13. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






14. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






15. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






16. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






17. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






19. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






20. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






23. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






24. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






25. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






26. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






28. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






29. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






31. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






32. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






33. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






36. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






38. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






40. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






41. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






42. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






43. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






44. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






45. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






46. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






47. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






49. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish