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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Inclusive fitness
Polarized light
R. C. Tyron
Comparative psychology
2. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Instrumental learning
Mimicry
genotype
Herring gull chicks
3. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Navigation cues
Communication of bees
4. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Karl von Frisch
Sensitive or critical periods
Ethology
5. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Inbreeding
Hearing of owls
Hierarchy of bees
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
6. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Fixed action patterns (example)
Supernormal sign stimulus
Fitness
Circadian rhythms
7. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Inclusive fitness
Gamete
homeostasis
Releasing stimuli
8. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Round dance
Karl von Frisch
Waggle dance
Stickleback fish
9. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Hierarchy of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
10. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Harry Harlow
Sexual selection
11. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
geographic isolation
Karl von Frisch
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
12. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Genetic drift
Edward Thorndike
Polarized light
Instinctual drift (example)
13. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Navigation cues
R. C. Tyron
Polarized light
14. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Phenotype
Eric Kandel
Genes
15. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Charles Darwin
Sexual selection
Navigation of animals
Hierarchy of bees
16. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Mating of bees
Imprinting
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Polarized light
17. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Mimicry
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Comparative psychology
18. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Eric Kandel
Selective breeding
geographic isolation
Herring gull chicks
19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
genotype
isolation by season
Konrad Lorenz
Atmospheric pressure
20. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Courting
Polarized light
Navigation of bees
Edward Thorndike
21. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Round dance
Communication of bees
Inbreeding
Eric Kandel
22. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Fight or flight
genotype
Inclusive fitness
Wolfgang Kohler
23. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Genes
Fitness
homeostasis
24. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Polarized light
25. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Comparative psychology
Star compass
Karl von Frisch
Ethology
26. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Hearing of owls
Gamete
Genes
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Biological clocks
geographic isolation
Zygote
Magnetic sense
28. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Sexual dimorphism
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Mimicry
Edward Thorndike
29. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Flower selection of bees
genotype
Pheromones
30. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
Round dance
Konrad Lorenz
31. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Fitness
Magnetic sense
Comparative psychology
Harry Harlow
32. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Biological clocks
Mating of bees
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Harry Harlow
33. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Sensitive or critical periods
Flower selection of bees
Fitness
Imprinting
34. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Supernormal sign stimulus
Walter Cannon
Magnetic sense
Waggle dance
35. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Selective breeding
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Navigation of animals
homeostasis
36. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Sensitive or critical periods
Estrus
Infrasound
Magnetic sense
37. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Polarized light
Biological clocks
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
isolation by season
38. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Eric Kandel
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Cross fostering experiments
Alleles
39. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Zygote
Pheromones
Fixed action patterns (example)
40. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Navigation of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Inclusive fitness
41. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Biological clocks
Eric Kandel
Mimicry
42. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Echolocation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Comparative psychology
Harry Harlow
Sensitive or critical periods
Zygote
44. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Fixed action patterns (example)
Stickleback fish
R. C. Tyron
Flower selection of bees
45. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Fight or flight
Flower selection of bees
Zygote
Genetic drift
46. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Navigation cues
genotype
Edward Thorndike
Walter Cannon
47. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Animal aggression
Edward Thorndike
Pheromones
Selective breeding
48. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Stickleback fish
behavioral isolation
genotype
Konrad Lorenz
49. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Courting
geographic isolation
Zygote
Navigation cues
50. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Selective breeding
Inbreeding
Herring gull chicks
Phenotype