Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






2. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






3. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






4. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






5. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






6. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






7. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






8. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






9. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






10. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






11. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






12. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






13. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






14. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






15. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






16. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






17. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






18. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






19. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






20. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






21. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






23. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






24. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






25. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






26. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






28. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






29. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






30. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






32. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






33. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






34. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






35. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






36. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






37. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






38. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






39. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






40. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






41. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






42. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






43. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






44. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






45. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






46. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






47. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






48. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






49. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






50. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue