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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






2. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






3. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






5. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






6. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






7. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






8. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






9. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






10. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






11. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






12. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






13. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






14. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






15. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






16. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






17. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






18. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






19. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






20. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






21. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






22. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






23. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






24. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






25. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






26. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






27. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






28. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






30. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






31. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






32. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






33. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






35. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






36. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






38. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






39. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






40. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






41. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






42. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






43. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






44. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






45. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






46. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






47. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






48. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






49. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






50. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids