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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






2. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






3. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






4. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






5. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






6. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






7. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






9. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






10. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






12. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






13. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






14. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






16. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






17. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






18. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






19. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






20. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






22. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






23. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






24. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






25. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






26. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






28. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






29. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






30. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






31. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






32. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






33. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






34. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






35. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






36. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






37. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






38. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






39. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






40. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






41. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






42. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






44. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






45. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






46. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






47. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






48. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period