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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






2. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






3. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






4. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






6. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






7. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






8. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






9. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






10. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






11. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






12. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






13. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






14. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






16. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






17. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






18. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






19. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






20. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






21. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






22. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






24. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






25. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






26. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






27. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






28. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






29. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






30. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






31. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






32. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






35. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






36. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






37. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






38. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






39. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






41. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






42. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






43. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






44. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






45. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






46. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






47. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






48. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






49. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






50. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin