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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Konrad Lorenz
Inbreeding
Sensitive or critical periods
Fitness
2. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Genes
Navigation cues
Nikolaas Tinbergen
behavioral isolation
3. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
genotype
Edward Thorndike
Interaction between instinct and learning
Harry Harlow
4. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Pheromones
Atmospheric pressure
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
5. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Imprinting
Harry Harlow
phenotypic expression
Round dance
6. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
phenotypic expression
Mating of bees
Fitness
7. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
phenotypic expression
Fixed action patterns (example)
Fitness
Mimicry
8. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Comparative psychology
Sexual dimorphism
R. C. Tyron
Herring gull chicks
9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Charles Darwin
Walter Cannon
Round dance
Infrasound
10. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Stickleback fish
Supernormal sign stimulus
Konrad Lorenz
Navigation of animals
11. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Eric Kandel
Estrus
mechanical isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Navigation of bees
Sexual selection
behavioral isolation
Fight or flight
13. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Imprinting
Genetic drift
Fixed action patterns (example)
Inbreeding
14. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Inbreeding
Fight or flight
Wolfgang Kohler
Hierarchy of bees
15. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Biological clocks
Animal aggression
Phenotype
Instinctual/innate behaviours
16. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Gamete
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Biological clocks
17. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Eric Kandel
Circadian rhythms
Zygote
Interaction between instinct and learning
18. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Karl von Frisch
Genes
Animal aggression
Comparative psychology
19. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Hierarchy of bees
Biological clocks
Releasing stimuli
Eric Kandel
20. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Konrad Lorenz
Mating of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
21. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Instinctual drift (example)
Releasing stimuli
R. C. Tyron
Waggle dance
22. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Inbreeding
Herring gull chicks
behavioral isolation
Ethology
23. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Waggle dance
Eric Kandel
Courting
Mating of bees
24. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Navigation cues
Mating of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
Estrus
25. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Altruism
Star compass
Dominant and recessive gene
genotype
26. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Polarized light
Echolocation
27. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Gamete
Animal aggression
Round dance
Courting
28. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Waggle dance
Eric Kandel
Harry Harlow
Sexual selection
29. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Fixed action patterns (example)
Imprinting
Mimicry
Sensitive or critical periods
30. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
behavioral isolation
Round dance
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Magnetic sense
31. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Natural selection
Echolocation
Alleles
Mating of bees
32. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Konrad Lorenz
Echolocation
Harry Harlow
Mimicry
33. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Stickleback fish
isolation by season
Animal aggression
34. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Animal aggression
Edward Thorndike
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Communication of bees
35. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Estrus
Star compass
Imprinting
Inbreeding
36. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instrumental learning
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Star compass
Courting
37. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Eric Kandel
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
genotype
Estrus
38. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Biological clocks
Imprinting
Harry Harlow
Sensitive or critical periods
39. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Flower selection of bees
Genetic drift
Round dance
40. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Circadian rhythms
homeostasis
Atmospheric pressure
41. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Zygote
homeostasis
Phenotype
Nikolaas Tinbergen
42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Dominant and recessive gene
Biological clocks
Harry Harlow
43. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Navigation of bees
Circadian rhythms
Herring gull chicks
isolation by season
44. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Selective breeding
Inclusive fitness
45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Instinctual/innate behaviours
isolation by season
Supernormal sign stimulus
Interaction between instinct and learning
46. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Charles Darwin
Stickleback fish
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Zygote
47. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
homeostasis
Hearing of owls
geographic isolation
Cross fostering experiments
48. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Genetic drift
Alleles
Cross fostering experiments
49. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Stickleback fish
Ethology
Instinctual drift (example)
Karl von Frisch
50. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Zygote
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
Walter Cannon