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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






2. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






3. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






4. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






6. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






7. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






8. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






9. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






10. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






11. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






12. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






13. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






14. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






15. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






16. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






17. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






18. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






19. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






20. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






21. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






22. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






23. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






25. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






26. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






27. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






28. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






29. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






30. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






31. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






32. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






33. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






34. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






35. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






36. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






37. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






38. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






39. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






40. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






41. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






43. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






44. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






45. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






46. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






47. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






48. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






49. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






50. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)