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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Walter Cannon
Courting
Instinctual drift (example)
Animal aggression
2. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Star compass
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Magnetic sense
3. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Phenotype
Biological clocks
Herring gull chicks
Konrad Lorenz
4. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Charles Darwin
Dominant and recessive gene
Supernormal sign stimulus
5. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Instinctual drift (example)
Dominant and recessive gene
Fight or flight
Edward Thorndike
6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Mating of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Edward Thorndike
behavioral isolation
Wolfgang Kohler
Biological clocks
8. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Edward Thorndike
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Gamete
Estrus
9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Polarized light
Waggle dance
Infrasound
geographic isolation
10. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Hearing of owls
Communication of bees
Releasing stimuli
11. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Navigation cues
Round dance
Genes
Ethology
12. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Round dance
Phenotype
Polarized light
homeostasis
13. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Navigation of bees
Fixed action patterns (example)
Phenotype
Natural selection
14. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Konrad Lorenz
Dominant and recessive gene
Communication of bees
Estrus
15. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Karl von Frisch
Alleles
Imprinting
Inclusive fitness
16. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Cross fostering experiments
Sexual selection
Natural selection
Ethology
17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Natural selection
Ethology
Fixed action patterns (example)
18. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Sexual dimorphism
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Charles Darwin
Interaction between instinct and learning
19. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Polarized light
Animal aggression
Releasing stimuli
Instinctual/innate behaviours
20. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Round dance
Fight or flight
Charles Darwin
Phenotype
21. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
genotype
Edward Thorndike
Animal aggression
Walter Cannon
22. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Atmospheric pressure
Hierarchy of bees
Harry Harlow
Natural selection
23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Altruism
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
genotype
24. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Genes
Fitness
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Estrus
25. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Alleles
Stickleback fish
Star compass
Eric Kandel
26. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Waggle dance
Navigation of bees
Magnetic sense
Instinctual drift (example)
27. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Instinctual drift (example)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Biological clocks
Supernormal sign stimulus
28. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Infrasound
Fight or flight
Supernormal sign stimulus
29. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Zygote
genotype
Waggle dance
Round dance
30. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Gamete
geographic isolation
31. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Fixed action patterns (example)
Ethology
Karl von Frisch
Genetic drift
32. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Navigation of bees
Fitness
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
33. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Hearing of owls
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Atmospheric pressure
R. C. Tyron
34. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
behavioral isolation
Stickleback fish
Instinctual drift (example)
35. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Courting
Fitness
Magnetic sense
Animal aggression
36. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Cross fostering experiments
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Harry Harlow
Inbreeding
37. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Herring gull chicks
Atmospheric pressure
Eric Kandel
Circadian rhythms
38. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Genes
Wolfgang Kohler
geographic isolation
Waggle dance
39. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
phenotypic expression
Fixed action patterns (example)
Herring gull chicks
Mating of bees
40. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Echolocation
Walter Cannon
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
41. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Star compass
Sun compass
Supernormal sign stimulus
42. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Genes
Genetic drift
Sensitive or critical periods
Stickleback fish
43. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Navigation of bees
Alleles
Altruism
Gamete
44. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
homeostasis
Navigation cues
Hearing of owls
45. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Fight or flight
Gamete
Dominant and recessive gene
Konrad Lorenz
46. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Harry Harlow
Flower selection of bees
Altruism
47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
Inbreeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
48. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
R. C. Tyron
Alleles
Karl von Frisch
phenotypic expression
49. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Waggle dance
Fitness
Fixed action patterns (example)
Genes
50. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Edward Thorndike
Navigation cues