SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Dominant and recessive gene
Zygote
genotype
Hierarchy of bees
2. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Eric Kandel
Alleles
Atmospheric pressure
Courting
3. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Eric Kandel
Estrus
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
4. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Circadian rhythms
Fight or flight
5. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Natural selection
Sensitive or critical periods
Herring gull chicks
Instrumental learning
6. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Navigation of bees
Selective breeding
Fitness
Altruism
7. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Fixed action patterns (example)
Biological clocks
Polarized light
Fight or flight
8. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Herring gull chicks
Sensitive or critical periods
Instrumental learning
Fitness
9. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Sexual selection
Harry Harlow
Nikolaas Tinbergen
10. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Genetic drift
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
Zygote
11. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation cues
Circadian rhythms
Supernormal sign stimulus
12. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Edward Thorndike
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Supernormal sign stimulus
Hierarchy of bees
13. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Round dance
Ethology
Pheromones
Walter Cannon
14. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Hierarchy of bees
Communication of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Imprinting
15. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Circadian rhythms
isolation by season
Infrasound
Fight or flight
16. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Comparative psychology
homeostasis
Echolocation
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Communication of bees
Altruism
Navigation of bees
isolation by season
18. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Harry Harlow
Genes
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
19. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Infrasound
Animal aggression
Releasing stimuli
Cross fostering experiments
20. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Altruism
Fight or flight
R. C. Tyron
Hierarchy of bees
21. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
geographic isolation
Fixed action patterns (example)
Infrasound
Gamete
22. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Mating of bees
Genetic drift
Pheromones
Polarized light
23. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Genes
Alleles
Charles Darwin
24. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Karl von Frisch
genotype
Selective breeding
Altruism
25. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Sexual dimorphism
Phenotype
Cross fostering experiments
Releasing stimuli
26. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Walter Cannon
Magnetic sense
Phenotype
27. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Eric Kandel
Wolfgang Kohler
Natural selection
28. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Altruism
Navigation of animals
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Dominant and recessive gene
29. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Courting
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Gamete
Flower selection of bees
30. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Atmospheric pressure
Interaction between instinct and learning
Navigation of animals
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Hierarchy of bees
behavioral isolation
Instrumental learning
Estrus
32. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
homeostasis
Gamete
Charles Darwin
33. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Genes
Sun compass
Supernormal sign stimulus
geographic isolation
34. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Hierarchy of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Circadian rhythms
Edward Thorndike
35. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Stickleback fish
Atmospheric pressure
Mimicry
Alleles
36. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Navigation of bees
Comparative psychology
Communication of bees
Harry Harlow
37. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
phenotypic expression
Biological clocks
Magnetic sense
38. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instrumental learning
Instinctual drift (example)
Sexual dimorphism
homeostasis
39. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
geographic isolation
Waggle dance
Phenotype
Wolfgang Kohler
40. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Inclusive fitness
Konrad Lorenz
Magnetic sense
Eric Kandel
41. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Courting
Magnetic sense
Releasing stimuli
Nikolaas Tinbergen
42. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Interaction between instinct and learning
behavioral isolation
phenotypic expression
Phenotype
43. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Comparative psychology
Sexual dimorphism
Magnetic sense
Round dance
44. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
geographic isolation
Natural selection
Karl von Frisch
Hearing of owls
45. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Estrus
Sensitive or critical periods
Altruism
46. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Konrad Lorenz
Echolocation
Harry Harlow
47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
Edward Thorndike
Mimicry
48. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Karl von Frisch
behavioral isolation
Charles Darwin
Animal aggression
49. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Waggle dance
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Star compass
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
50. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Courting
homeostasis
Sexual dimorphism