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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






2. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






4. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






5. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






6. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






7. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






8. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






11. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






12. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






13. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






14. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






15. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






16. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






17. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






18. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






19. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






20. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






21. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






22. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






23. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






24. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






25. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






26. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






27. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






28. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






29. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






30. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






31. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






32. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






33. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






34. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






35. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






37. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






38. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






39. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






40. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






41. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






42. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






43. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






44. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






45. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






46. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






47. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






48. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






49. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






50. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






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