SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Cross fostering experiments
Instinctual/innate behaviours
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
mechanical isolation
2. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Circadian rhythms
Navigation of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
isolation by season
3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
genotype
behavioral isolation
Atmospheric pressure
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
4. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Mating of bees
Walter Cannon
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
5. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Phenotype
Gamete
Interaction between instinct and learning
mechanical isolation
6. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
genotype
Fixed action patterns (example)
Inclusive fitness
Eric Kandel
7. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Stickleback fish
Walter Cannon
Wolfgang Kohler
Instrumental learning
8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Biological clocks
isolation by season
Communication of bees
R. C. Tyron
9. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Cross fostering experiments
Hierarchy of bees
geographic isolation
Instinctual drift (example)
10. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Pheromones
genotype
Magnetic sense
Polarized light
11. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Animal aggression
Round dance
Polarized light
12. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Navigation of animals
Harry Harlow
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Courting
13. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Releasing stimuli
Instrumental learning
Polarized light
Eric Kandel
14. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Sensitive or critical periods
Instrumental learning
Gamete
Harry Harlow
15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Infrasound
Ethology
16. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Flower selection of bees
Selective breeding
Round dance
17. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
geographic isolation
Infrasound
Inbreeding
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
18. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Courting
Inbreeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
19. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Genes
Mating of bees
Cross fostering experiments
Atmospheric pressure
20. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Genetic drift
Imprinting
Sexual selection
Magnetic sense
21. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
geographic isolation
Wolfgang Kohler
Instinctual drift (example)
Sexual dimorphism
22. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Flower selection of bees
Stickleback fish
Ethology
Biological clocks
23. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Magnetic sense
Phenotype
Genes
isolation by season
24. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Altruism
Karl von Frisch
Charles Darwin
Zygote
25. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Navigation of animals
Nikolaas Tinbergen
isolation by season
Atmospheric pressure
26. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Polarized light
Sun compass
phenotypic expression
Imprinting
27. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Instinctual drift (example)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
genotype
28. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Instrumental learning
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
Star compass
29. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Fight or flight
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Selective breeding
30. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Dominant and recessive gene
Stickleback fish
Mating of bees
Fixed action patterns (example)
31. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Navigation of bees
Alleles
32. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Harry Harlow
Echolocation
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Ethology
33. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Round dance
Pheromones
homeostasis
34. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Imprinting
Courting
Sexual selection
35. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Harry Harlow
Instrumental learning
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Sexual dimorphism
36. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Wolfgang Kohler
Magnetic sense
Sexual dimorphism
37. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Sexual selection
Hearing of owls
Instinctual drift (example)
Infrasound
38. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Navigation cues
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Ethology
Walter Cannon
39. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Supernormal sign stimulus
phenotypic expression
Infrasound
Charles Darwin
40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Comparative psychology
Genes
Circadian rhythms
Mating of bees
41. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Hierarchy of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
geographic isolation
42. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Zygote
Releasing stimuli
Animal aggression
Communication of bees
43. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Imprinting
Comparative psychology
Waggle dance
Natural selection
44. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Cross fostering experiments
Estrus
phenotypic expression
Charles Darwin
45. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Hierarchy of bees
Inclusive fitness
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
46. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Mating of bees
Konrad Lorenz
homeostasis
47. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Mating of bees
isolation by season
Comparative psychology
48. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Genes
Round dance
Mimicry
Flower selection of bees
49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Magnetic sense
homeostasis
Konrad Lorenz
50. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Inbreeding
Stickleback fish
Eric Kandel
Instinctual/innate behaviours