Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






2. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






3. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






4. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






5. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






6. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






7. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






9. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






10. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






12. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






13. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






14. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






15. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






16. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






17. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






18. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






19. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






20. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






21. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






22. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






23. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






24. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






25. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






26. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






28. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






29. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






30. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






31. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






33. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






34. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






35. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






37. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






38. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






39. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






40. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






41. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






42. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






43. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






44. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






45. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






46. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






47. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






48. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






49. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






50. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time