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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






2. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






3. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






4. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






5. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






6. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






7. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






8. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






9. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






10. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






11. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






12. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






13. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






14. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






15. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






16. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






17. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






18. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






19. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






21. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






22. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






23. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






24. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






25. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






26. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






27. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






28. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






29. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






31. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






32. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






33. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






34. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






35. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






36. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






37. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






38. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






39. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






40. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






41. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






43. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






45. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






46. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






47. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






48. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






49. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






50. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness