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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






2. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






3. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






4. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






5. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






6. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






7. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






8. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






9. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






10. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






11. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






12. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






13. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






14. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






15. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






16. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






17. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






18. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






19. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






20. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






21. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






22. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






23. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






24. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






25. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






26. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






27. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






28. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






29. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






30. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






31. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






32. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






33. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






34. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






35. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






36. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






37. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






39. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






40. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






42. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






44. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






45. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






46. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






47. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






48. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






49. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing