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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






2. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






3. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






4. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






6. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






7. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






8. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






9. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






10. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






12. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






13. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






14. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






15. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






16. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






17. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






18. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






19. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






20. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






21. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






23. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






24. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






25. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






27. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






28. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






30. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






31. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






32. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






33. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






34. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






35. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






36. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






37. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






38. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






39. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






40. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






41. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






42. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






43. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






44. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






45. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






46. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






47. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






50. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time