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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Sexual selection
homeostasis
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Eric Kandel
2. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Genetic drift
Flower selection of bees
Courting
3. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
isolation by season
Sexual dimorphism
Hierarchy of bees
Flower selection of bees
4. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Instinctual drift (example)
Phenotype
Alleles
Imprinting
5. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Supernormal sign stimulus
mechanical isolation
phenotypic expression
6. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Echolocation
Fitness
Instinctual drift (example)
Mating of bees
7. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Estrus
Star compass
Pheromones
Instrumental learning
8. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Echolocation
Mimicry
Herring gull chicks
genotype
9. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Charles Darwin
Dominant and recessive gene
Polarized light
isolation by season
10. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Communication of bees
Sun compass
Estrus
Hearing of owls
11. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Herring gull chicks
Flower selection of bees
Circadian rhythms
Mimicry
12. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
genotype
Nikolaas Tinbergen
mechanical isolation
Mating of bees
13. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fitness
Instinctual drift (example)
Fight or flight
Infrasound
14. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Fixed action patterns (example)
Karl von Frisch
Instrumental learning
Polarized light
15. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Stickleback fish
Polarized light
R. C. Tyron
genotype
16. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Echolocation
Konrad Lorenz
Instinctual drift (example)
Inclusive fitness
17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Stickleback fish
Imprinting
Altruism
18. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
Zygote
19. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Dominant and recessive gene
Navigation of bees
20. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Polarized light
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Interaction between instinct and learning
Fight or flight
21. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Estrus
Inbreeding
Phenotype
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Communication of bees
Navigation cues
Comparative psychology
Eric Kandel
23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Sensitive or critical periods
Supernormal sign stimulus
behavioral isolation
genotype
24. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Genetic drift
Ethology
Animal aggression
25. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Stickleback fish
Sun compass
Waggle dance
Genes
26. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
geographic isolation
Courting
Inbreeding
Animal aggression
27. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Polarized light
Animal aggression
Waggle dance
Altruism
28. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
phenotypic expression
Animal aggression
Wolfgang Kohler
Flower selection of bees
29. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Communication of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Star compass
30. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
Altruism
Sensitive or critical periods
31. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Pheromones
Ethology
Navigation of bees
Comparative psychology
32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Courting
R. C. Tyron
Sun compass
Sensitive or critical periods
33. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
isolation by season
Sexual dimorphism
Echolocation
34. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Infrasound
Star compass
Supernormal sign stimulus
Navigation of bees
35. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
behavioral isolation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Navigation cues
36. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Sun compass
Edward Thorndike
Cross fostering experiments
genotype
37. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Eric Kandel
Interaction between instinct and learning
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Star compass
38. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
Hearing of owls
39. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Star compass
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
40. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Echolocation
Atmospheric pressure
Eric Kandel
41. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Flower selection of bees
Estrus
Navigation of bees
42. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Konrad Lorenz
Supernormal sign stimulus
Fight or flight
Magnetic sense
43. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual drift (example)
Dominant and recessive gene
Waggle dance
44. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Navigation of bees
R. C. Tyron
Comparative psychology
Altruism
45. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Edward Thorndike
Fitness
Sensitive or critical periods
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
46. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Walter Cannon
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Genes
47. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation cues
Konrad Lorenz
48. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Altruism
Fitness
Alleles
49. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Natural selection
Mimicry
Instrumental learning
Alleles
50. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Stickleback fish
Sexual selection
Cross fostering experiments
Edward Thorndike