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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






2. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






3. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






4. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






5. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






6. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






7. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






8. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






10. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






12. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






13. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






14. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






15. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






16. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






17. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






18. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






19. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






20. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






21. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






24. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






25. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






26. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






28. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






29. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






30. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






31. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






32. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






33. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






34. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






35. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






36. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






37. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






38. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






39. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






40. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






41. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






42. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






43. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






44. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






45. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






46. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






47. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






48. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






50. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur