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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






2. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






4. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






5. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






6. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






7. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






8. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






9. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






10. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






11. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






12. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






13. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






14. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






15. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






16. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






17. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






18. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






19. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






22. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






23. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






24. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






25. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






26. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






27. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






28. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






29. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






31. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






32. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






33. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






34. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






35. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






36. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






37. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






38. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






39. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






40. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






41. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






42. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






43. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






44. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






47. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






48. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






49. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






50. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period