Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






2. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






4. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






5. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






6. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






7. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






9. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






10. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






12. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






13. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






14. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






15. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






16. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






17. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






18. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






19. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






20. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






22. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






23. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






24. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






25. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






26. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






27. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






28. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






29. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






30. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






31. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






32. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






33. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






34. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






35. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






36. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






37. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






38. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






39. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






41. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






42. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






43. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






44. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






45. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






46. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






47. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






48. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






49. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






50. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed