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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






2. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






3. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






5. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






6. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






8. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






9. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






10. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






11. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






12. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






13. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






14. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






16. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






18. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






19. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






20. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






22. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






24. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






25. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






26. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






27. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






28. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






29. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






30. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






31. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






32. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






33. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






34. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






35. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






36. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






37. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






38. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






40. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






41. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






43. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






44. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






46. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






47. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






48. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






49. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons