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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Wolfgang Kohler
Navigation of bees
Cross fostering experiments
Inclusive fitness
2. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Edward Thorndike
Selective breeding
Imprinting
3. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Hearing of owls
Dominant and recessive gene
Phenotype
Alleles
4. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Genes
Courting
Magnetic sense
Instrumental learning
5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Biological clocks
Navigation of bees
Communication of bees
6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Courting
Ethology
Alleles
7. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Eric Kandel
Mating of bees
Zygote
Supernormal sign stimulus
8. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Wolfgang Kohler
Pheromones
Waggle dance
R. C. Tyron
9. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Instrumental learning
Ethology
Sexual selection
Herring gull chicks
10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Zygote
Flower selection of bees
11. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Waggle dance
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Releasing stimuli
12. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Karl von Frisch
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
homeostasis
Interaction between instinct and learning
13. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Instinctual drift (example)
Stickleback fish
Star compass
Selective breeding
14. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
isolation by season
Karl von Frisch
Wolfgang Kohler
Eric Kandel
15. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Courting
Hierarchy of bees
geographic isolation
Gamete
16. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Hearing of owls
Estrus
Pheromones
Comparative psychology
17. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Wolfgang Kohler
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Ethology
Edward Thorndike
18. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Phenotype
Fitness
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
19. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Waggle dance
Sensitive or critical periods
Hierarchy of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
20. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Genes
Inbreeding
Phenotype
Sun compass
21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Altruism
Sexual selection
Comparative psychology
Echolocation
22. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Navigation of bees
genotype
Alleles
Zygote
23. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Altruism
Gamete
Courting
Nikolaas Tinbergen
24. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Waggle dance
Genes
Navigation of animals
Round dance
25. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Mating of bees
Circadian rhythms
Animal aggression
Edward Thorndike
26. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Inclusive fitness
Hearing of owls
mechanical isolation
27. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Biological clocks
Genes
Polarized light
28. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Ethology
Circadian rhythms
genotype
29. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Sensitive or critical periods
Magnetic sense
Supernormal sign stimulus
Altruism
30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Mimicry
Mating of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Konrad Lorenz
31. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Inbreeding
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Animal aggression
Konrad Lorenz
32. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Flower selection of bees
Alleles
Waggle dance
33. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Magnetic sense
Edward Thorndike
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Navigation of animals
34. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
R. C. Tyron
Inbreeding
Estrus
35. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Star compass
Charles Darwin
Fitness
Communication of bees
36. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation cues
Sexual dimorphism
37. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Genetic drift
Biological clocks
Wolfgang Kohler
Phenotype
38. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
Fight or flight
R. C. Tyron
Round dance
39. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Charles Darwin
Fight or flight
Instinctual drift (example)
Genetic drift
40. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Fight or flight
Star compass
Inclusive fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
41. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Communication of bees
Flower selection of bees
Altruism
phenotypic expression
42. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
phenotypic expression
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Animal aggression
Comparative psychology
43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Phenotype
Genes
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Inclusive fitness
44. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Harry Harlow
Communication of bees
genotype
45. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Dominant and recessive gene
Mimicry
Cross fostering experiments
Round dance
46. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Stickleback fish
Comparative psychology
Wolfgang Kohler
Inbreeding
47. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Circadian rhythms
Navigation of animals
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Inclusive fitness
48. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Waggle dance
Fight or flight
Harry Harlow
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Atmospheric pressure
Flower selection of bees
Eric Kandel
Stickleback fish
50. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Magnetic sense
Cross fostering experiments
Atmospheric pressure
Circadian rhythms