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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






2. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






3. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






4. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






5. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






6. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






7. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






8. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






9. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






10. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






12. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






13. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






15. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






16. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






17. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






18. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






19. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






20. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






22. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






24. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






25. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






26. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






27. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






28. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






29. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






30. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






31. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






32. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






34. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






35. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






36. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






37. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






39. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






40. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






41. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






42. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






43. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






44. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






45. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






46. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






47. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






48. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






49. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






50. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)