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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Sexual dimorphism
Magnetic sense
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Hierarchy of bees
2. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Cross fostering experiments
Ethology
behavioral isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
3. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Communication of bees
Star compass
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Inbreeding
4. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Hierarchy of bees
Zygote
Sexual dimorphism
Genetic drift
5. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
homeostasis
Sun compass
Imprinting
Navigation cues
6. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Sun compass
Stickleback fish
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Flower selection of bees
7. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Stickleback fish
Inclusive fitness
geographic isolation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
8. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Infrasound
Alleles
Sexual selection
Wolfgang Kohler
9. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Echolocation
Cross fostering experiments
Magnetic sense
Fixed action patterns (example)
10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Genes
Flower selection of bees
Cross fostering experiments
geographic isolation
11. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Mimicry
Genes
phenotypic expression
12. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Interaction between instinct and learning
Imprinting
Communication of bees
Edward Thorndike
13. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
genotype
Comparative psychology
Infrasound
Inclusive fitness
14. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Biological clocks
Comparative psychology
Gamete
Polarized light
15. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Courting
Dominant and recessive gene
Genes
Releasing stimuli
16. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Communication of bees
Animal aggression
Navigation of bees
Releasing stimuli
17. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Infrasound
Mimicry
Sensitive or critical periods
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
18. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
homeostasis
Star compass
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Charles Darwin
19. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Gamete
Inbreeding
Navigation of bees
Phenotype
20. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Biological clocks
Communication of bees
Inbreeding
Imprinting
21. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Mimicry
Gamete
Circadian rhythms
Instinctual drift (example)
22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
homeostasis
Courting
behavioral isolation
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
23. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Releasing stimuli
Magnetic sense
Mimicry
Cross fostering experiments
24. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Circadian rhythms
homeostasis
Sun compass
25. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
mechanical isolation
Eric Kandel
Mating of bees
26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Waggle dance
Magnetic sense
Herring gull chicks
isolation by season
27. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Atmospheric pressure
Herring gull chicks
Polarized light
Sexual selection
28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Pheromones
Polarized light
Round dance
Edward Thorndike
29. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Genetic drift
Inclusive fitness
Polarized light
homeostasis
30. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Releasing stimuli
Estrus
Cross fostering experiments
Instinctual/innate behaviours
31. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Cross fostering experiments
Flower selection of bees
Circadian rhythms
Zygote
32. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Herring gull chicks
Polarized light
Fixed action patterns (example)
33. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Echolocation
Biological clocks
Flower selection of bees
Mating of bees
34. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Inclusive fitness
Courting
Sexual dimorphism
35. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Animal aggression
Pheromones
Selective breeding
Waggle dance
36. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Eric Kandel
Waggle dance
Natural selection
Communication of bees
37. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Sexual dimorphism
Instinctual drift (example)
Hearing of owls
Interaction between instinct and learning
38. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Interaction between instinct and learning
Echolocation
Zygote
Charles Darwin
39. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Fitness
Dominant and recessive gene
Harry Harlow
40. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Selective breeding
phenotypic expression
Genes
Imprinting
41. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Dominant and recessive gene
Mating of bees
Infrasound
Edward Thorndike
42. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Herring gull chicks
Mating of bees
Polarized light
Navigation of animals
43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
genotype
Phenotype
Sensitive or critical periods
Charles Darwin
44. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual drift (example)
Mimicry
Inbreeding
Instinctual/innate behaviours
45. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
mechanical isolation
Phenotype
Flower selection of bees
Mimicry
46. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Genetic drift
Fitness
Estrus
Instrumental learning
47. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Hierarchy of bees
Gamete
behavioral isolation
Supernormal sign stimulus
48. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Sun compass
Navigation cues
Infrasound
49. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Releasing stimuli
Comparative psychology
R. C. Tyron
Polarized light
50. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Stickleback fish
Fitness
Cross fostering experiments
Wolfgang Kohler