Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






2. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






3. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






4. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






5. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






6. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






7. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






8. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






9. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






10. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






11. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






12. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






13. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






14. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






15. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






16. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






17. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






18. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






19. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






20. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






21. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






25. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






26. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






27. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






28. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






30. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






31. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






32. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






33. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






34. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






35. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






36. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






37. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






39. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






40. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






42. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






43. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






44. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






45. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






46. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






47. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






48. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






49. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures