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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






2. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






3. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






4. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






5. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






7. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






8. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






9. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






10. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






11. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






12. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






13. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






14. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






15. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






17. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






19. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






20. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






21. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






22. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






23. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






24. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






25. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






26. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






28. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






29. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






30. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






32. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






33. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






35. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






37. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






38. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






39. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






40. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






41. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






42. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






43. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






44. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






46. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






47. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






48. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






49. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






50. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small