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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






3. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






4. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






5. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






8. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






9. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






10. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






13. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






14. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






15. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






16. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






17. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






18. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






19. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






20. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






21. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






22. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






23. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






24. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






25. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






26. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






27. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






28. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






29. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






30. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






31. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






32. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






33. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






34. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






35. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






36. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






37. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






38. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






39. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






41. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






42. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






46. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






47. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






48. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment