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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






2. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






3. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






4. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






5. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






6. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






7. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






8. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






9. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






10. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






11. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






12. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






13. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






14. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






15. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






16. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






17. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






18. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






20. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






21. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






22. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






24. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






25. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






26. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






27. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






28. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






29. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






30. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






31. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






32. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






33. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






34. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






35. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






37. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






38. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






39. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






40. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






41. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






42. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






44. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






45. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






46. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






47. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






48. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






49. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






50. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural