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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






2. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






3. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






4. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






5. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






7. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






8. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






9. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






10. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






11. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






12. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






13. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






14. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






15. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






16. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






17. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






18. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






19. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






20. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






21. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






22. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






23. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






24. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






25. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






26. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






27. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






28. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






29. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






30. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






31. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






32. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






33. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






34. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






35. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






36. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






37. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






38. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






39. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






40. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






41. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






43. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






45. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






46. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






47. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






48. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






49. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






50. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)