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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






2. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






3. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






4. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






5. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






6. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






7. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






9. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






10. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






11. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






12. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






13. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






14. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






15. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






16. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






17. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






18. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






19. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






20. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






21. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






22. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






23. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






24. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






26. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






27. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






28. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






29. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






30. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






32. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






34. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






35. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






37. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






38. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






39. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






40. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






41. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






42. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






43. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






44. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






45. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






46. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






47. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






48. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






49. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






50. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season