SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Instinctual drift (example)
Navigation cues
Stickleback fish
Alleles
2. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
Fixed action patterns (example)
Sexual selection
Phenotype
3. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Navigation of animals
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
mechanical isolation
Phenotype
4. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Phenotype
Edward Thorndike
Inclusive fitness
5. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
Navigation cues
Sexual selection
Harry Harlow
6. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Communication of bees
Infrasound
Eric Kandel
Mating of bees
7. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Imprinting
Selective breeding
Ethology
homeostasis
8. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Gamete
Sun compass
9. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Edward Thorndike
Releasing stimuli
Mimicry
Sensitive or critical periods
10. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Navigation of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Releasing stimuli
11. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Ethology
Fight or flight
Flower selection of bees
Inclusive fitness
12. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Zygote
Mimicry
Alleles
Flower selection of bees
13. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Selective breeding
Interaction between instinct and learning
Imprinting
Herring gull chicks
14. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Mimicry
Imprinting
Mating of bees
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
15. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Zygote
Estrus
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
16. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Comparative psychology
Infrasound
Sexual dimorphism
Edward Thorndike
17. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Pheromones
Star compass
Cross fostering experiments
Zygote
18. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instrumental learning
Polarized light
Dominant and recessive gene
Instinctual/innate behaviours
19. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Navigation of animals
Dominant and recessive gene
Edward Thorndike
20. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Polarized light
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Communication of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
21. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Genetic drift
Circadian rhythms
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Polarized light
22. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Comparative psychology
Circadian rhythms
phenotypic expression
Hearing of owls
23. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Estrus
Circadian rhythms
Round dance
Fixed action patterns (example)
24. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Konrad Lorenz
R. C. Tyron
Gamete
Walter Cannon
25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Sun compass
mechanical isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
Releasing stimuli
26. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Karl von Frisch
Wolfgang Kohler
homeostasis
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
27. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Waggle dance
Circadian rhythms
Communication of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
28. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Instrumental learning
isolation by season
Zygote
homeostasis
29. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Phenotype
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Instrumental learning
30. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Estrus
Imprinting
Genetic drift
Inbreeding
31. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Karl von Frisch
Natural selection
Inclusive fitness
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
32. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Sun compass
Polarized light
Fitness
33. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Edward Thorndike
Inclusive fitness
Harry Harlow
Releasing stimuli
34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Interaction between instinct and learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Supernormal sign stimulus
Estrus
35. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
R. C. Tyron
Eric Kandel
Atmospheric pressure
36. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Dominant and recessive gene
Instinctual drift (example)
Karl von Frisch
37. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Star compass
Magnetic sense
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
38. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Courting
Pheromones
Walter Cannon
Edward Thorndike
39. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Sexual selection
Cross fostering experiments
isolation by season
Magnetic sense
40. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Circadian rhythms
Gamete
Sensitive or critical periods
Eric Kandel
41. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Konrad Lorenz
Genetic drift
Supernormal sign stimulus
42. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Round dance
Waggle dance
Fitness
Estrus
43. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Herring gull chicks
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation
44. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Supernormal sign stimulus
Ethology
Comparative psychology
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
45. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Karl von Frisch
Wolfgang Kohler
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
46. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Circadian rhythms
Sexual dimorphism
Animal aggression
Courting
47. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Edward Thorndike
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Echolocation
R. C. Tyron
48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Comparative psychology
isolation by season
Inbreeding
49. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Eric Kandel
Hierarchy of bees
Inclusive fitness
Wolfgang Kohler
50. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Fitness
Mimicry