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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






2. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






3. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






4. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






5. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






6. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






7. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






8. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






9. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






10. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






11. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






12. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






13. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






14. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






15. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






16. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






17. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






18. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






19. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






20. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






22. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






23. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






24. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






25. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






26. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






27. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






28. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






29. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






31. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






32. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






33. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






35. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






36. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






37. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






38. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






39. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






41. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






42. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






43. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






44. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






45. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






46. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






47. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






48. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






49. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






50. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)