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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






2. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






3. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






4. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






5. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






7. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






8. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






9. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






10. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






12. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






13. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






14. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






15. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






16. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






17. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






18. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






19. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






20. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






21. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






22. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






23. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






24. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






25. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






26. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






27. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






28. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






29. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






30. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






31. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






32. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






35. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






36. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






37. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






38. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






39. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






41. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






42. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






43. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






44. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






45. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






46. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






47. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






48. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






49. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






50. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small