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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Stickleback fish
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Echolocation
2. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Konrad Lorenz
Altruism
Selective breeding
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
3. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Flower selection of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Navigation cues
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
4. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Instinctual drift (example)
Phenotype
Navigation of animals
5. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Herring gull chicks
Gamete
Navigation of bees
behavioral isolation
6. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Instinctual drift (example)
Phenotype
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Navigation cues
R. C. Tyron
Nikolaas Tinbergen
behavioral isolation
8. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Navigation of animals
Animal aggression
Flower selection of bees
Phenotype
9. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Cross fostering experiments
Dominant and recessive gene
Mating of bees
Round dance
10. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Releasing stimuli
Edward Thorndike
Walter Cannon
Sensitive or critical periods
11. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Selective breeding
phenotypic expression
Sensitive or critical periods
12. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
isolation by season
R. C. Tyron
Navigation cues
Pheromones
13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Instinctual/innate behaviours
isolation by season
Sexual selection
Animal aggression
14. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
15. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Courting
Fitness
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
16. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Comparative psychology
Natural selection
Courting
Echolocation
17. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
isolation by season
Harry Harlow
Stickleback fish
Circadian rhythms
18. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
isolation by season
Instinctual drift (example)
Navigation of animals
Nikolaas Tinbergen
19. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
mechanical isolation
Courting
Releasing stimuli
Phenotype
20. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Courting
Hierarchy of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
Magnetic sense
21. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Genes
Hierarchy of bees
Biological clocks
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
22. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Sensitive or critical periods
Estrus
Zygote
23. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
homeostasis
Stickleback fish
Navigation cues
Zygote
24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Harry Harlow
Fitness
Selective breeding
25. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Mimicry
Courting
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
26. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Karl von Frisch
Comparative psychology
Mimicry
Sexual selection
27. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Courting
Inclusive fitness
Zygote
28. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Sexual dimorphism
R. C. Tyron
geographic isolation
Comparative psychology
29. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Mating of bees
Cross fostering experiments
R. C. Tyron
Navigation cues
30. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Stickleback fish
Sun compass
Dominant and recessive gene
Navigation of bees
31. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
R. C. Tyron
homeostasis
Eric Kandel
32. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Wolfgang Kohler
Instinctual drift (example)
Circadian rhythms
mechanical isolation
33. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Zygote
Echolocation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Fixed action patterns (example)
34. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Mimicry
mechanical isolation
Ethology
Genetic drift
35. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Round dance
Karl von Frisch
Mating of bees
Fight or flight
36. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Genes
Infrasound
Star compass
Biological clocks
37. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Magnetic sense
geographic isolation
Fixed action patterns (example)
Walter Cannon
38. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Hearing of owls
Pheromones
Walter Cannon
Round dance
39. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Dominant and recessive gene
behavioral isolation
Communication of bees
Karl von Frisch
40. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
R. C. Tyron
mechanical isolation
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Alleles
41. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Navigation cues
Animal aggression
Hearing of owls
42. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
mechanical isolation
Karl von Frisch
Estrus
43. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Ethology
Biological clocks
Sensitive or critical periods
44. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Fight or flight
phenotypic expression
Inbreeding
Zygote
45. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Polarized light
Interaction between instinct and learning
Communication of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
46. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
homeostasis
Interaction between instinct and learning
Animal aggression
Polarized light
47. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Hearing of owls
Herring gull chicks
Infrasound
Magnetic sense
48. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Comparative psychology
Estrus
Inclusive fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
49. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Flower selection of bees
Altruism
Phenotype
Fight or flight
50. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
R. C. Tyron
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Waggle dance
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek