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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






2. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






3. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






4. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






6. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






7. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






8. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






9. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






10. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






12. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






14. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






15. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






16. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






17. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






18. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






20. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






21. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






22. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






23. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






24. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






26. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






27. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






28. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






29. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






31. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






32. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






33. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






34. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






35. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






36. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






37. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






38. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






39. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






41. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






42. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






43. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






44. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






46. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






47. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






48. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






49. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






50. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






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