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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






2. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






3. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






4. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






5. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






6. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






7. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






8. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






9. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






10. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






11. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






12. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






13. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






14. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






15. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






16. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






17. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






18. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






19. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






20. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






21. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






22. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






23. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






24. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






25. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






26. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






27. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






28. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






29. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






31. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






32. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






33. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






35. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






36. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






38. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






39. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






40. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






41. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






42. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






43. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






44. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






45. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






46. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






47. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






48. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






49. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






50. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)