SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Sun compass
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Phenotype
Konrad Lorenz
2. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Star compass
Natural selection
Estrus
3. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Sensitive or critical periods
Waggle dance
Navigation of animals
Comparative psychology
4. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Altruism
Hearing of owls
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Inclusive fitness
Wolfgang Kohler
Gamete
Fitness
6. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Alleles
Dominant and recessive gene
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
7. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Fight or flight
Altruism
Herring gull chicks
Estrus
8. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Stickleback fish
Circadian rhythms
Edward Thorndike
9. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Hearing of owls
Zygote
Cross fostering experiments
Fitness
10. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Infrasound
Fitness
phenotypic expression
Cross fostering experiments
11. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Stickleback fish
Star compass
Sun compass
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
12. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Hearing of owls
Star compass
Atmospheric pressure
13. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Interaction between instinct and learning
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Navigation of animals
Communication of bees
14. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Instrumental learning
Sensitive or critical periods
Genetic drift
Herring gull chicks
15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Imprinting
Walter Cannon
Konrad Lorenz
16. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
phenotypic expression
Mating of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Harry Harlow
Sun compass
Fitness
Konrad Lorenz
18. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Communication of bees
Ethology
Dominant and recessive gene
Waggle dance
19. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Echolocation
homeostasis
Eric Kandel
Altruism
20. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Karl von Frisch
genotype
Imprinting
Interaction between instinct and learning
21. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Navigation of bees
Walter Cannon
Zygote
Karl von Frisch
22. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
R. C. Tyron
Genes
Sexual dimorphism
Natural selection
23. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Genes
phenotypic expression
Phenotype
Sexual selection
24. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Circadian rhythms
Polarized light
Herring gull chicks
Instrumental learning
25. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
R. C. Tyron
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Polarized light
26. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Konrad Lorenz
Imprinting
R. C. Tyron
Altruism
27. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Edward Thorndike
Magnetic sense
Star compass
Interaction between instinct and learning
28. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Inclusive fitness
Round dance
Selective breeding
Stickleback fish
29. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Ethology
Dominant and recessive gene
Alleles
Pheromones
30. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
behavioral isolation
Stickleback fish
Harry Harlow
31. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Inbreeding
Genes
Star compass
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Animal aggression
isolation by season
Mimicry
33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Circadian rhythms
isolation by season
Cross fostering experiments
behavioral isolation
34. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Selective breeding
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sexual selection
Estrus
35. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Star compass
Atmospheric pressure
Wolfgang Kohler
Instinctual/innate behaviours
36. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
phenotypic expression
Magnetic sense
Sexual selection
Cross fostering experiments
37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Wolfgang Kohler
Infrasound
geographic isolation
Releasing stimuli
38. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
Round dance
39. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
Flower selection of bees
Releasing stimuli
phenotypic expression
40. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Instinctual drift (example)
phenotypic expression
Flower selection of bees
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
41. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Eric Kandel
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Alleles
42. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Sexual dimorphism
Konrad Lorenz
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Echolocation
43. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Polarized light
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation cues
Dominant and recessive gene
44. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Natural selection
Herring gull chicks
Fight or flight
45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Edward Thorndike
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
mechanical isolation
Hearing of owls
46. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Walter Cannon
Pheromones
Alleles
47. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Circadian rhythms
Harry Harlow
geographic isolation
48. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
R. C. Tyron
Atmospheric pressure
Selective breeding
Gamete
49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Herring gull chicks
Inbreeding
Navigation cues
50. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Genetic drift
Biological clocks
Zygote