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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






2. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






4. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






5. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






6. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






7. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






8. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






9. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






10. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






11. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






12. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






13. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






14. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






15. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






16. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






17. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






18. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






19. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






20. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






21. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






22. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






23. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






24. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






25. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






26. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






27. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






28. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






29. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






30. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






32. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






33. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






34. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






35. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






36. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






37. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






39. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






40. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






41. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






43. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






44. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






45. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






46. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






47. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






48. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






49. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






50. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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