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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






2. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






3. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






4. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






5. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






6. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






7. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






8. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






10. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






11. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






13. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






14. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






15. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






16. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






17. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






18. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






19. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






20. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






21. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






22. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






23. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






24. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






25. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






26. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






27. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






28. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






29. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






30. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






31. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






32. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






33. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






34. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






35. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






36. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






37. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






38. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






39. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






40. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






41. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






43. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






44. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






46. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






47. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






48. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






49. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






50. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa