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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Communication of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Genes
behavioral isolation
2. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Fitness
Mimicry
Sensitive or critical periods
Instinctual/innate behaviours
3. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Estrus
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Stickleback fish
4. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Fitness
Comparative psychology
Biological clocks
5. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Edward Thorndike
Navigation of animals
Instrumental learning
Inbreeding
6. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Fixed action patterns (example)
Herring gull chicks
Hierarchy of bees
7. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
geographic isolation
phenotypic expression
Atmospheric pressure
8. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Polarized light
Infrasound
Sensitive or critical periods
9. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Infrasound
Dominant and recessive gene
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Inclusive fitness
10. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Comparative psychology
Inbreeding
Fitness
Instrumental learning
11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Sexual selection
Instrumental learning
Zygote
Selective breeding
12. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Selective breeding
phenotypic expression
Navigation cues
Ethology
13. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Konrad Lorenz
phenotypic expression
Releasing stimuli
Inclusive fitness
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Natural selection
Pheromones
Genetic drift
isolation by season
15. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Releasing stimuli
Ethology
Infrasound
Polarized light
16. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Edward Thorndike
Atmospheric pressure
Star compass
Dominant and recessive gene
17. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Supernormal sign stimulus
Estrus
Charles Darwin
Dominant and recessive gene
18. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
genotype
Releasing stimuli
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
19. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Gamete
Atmospheric pressure
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
20. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
genotype
mechanical isolation
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Phenotype
21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Interaction between instinct and learning
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Animal aggression
Alleles
22. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Infrasound
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Herring gull chicks
genotype
23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Dominant and recessive gene
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Flower selection of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
24. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Magnetic sense
Walter Cannon
Harry Harlow
Biological clocks
25. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Sexual dimorphism
behavioral isolation
Fitness
Wolfgang Kohler
26. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Star compass
Edward Thorndike
Cross fostering experiments
27. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Stickleback fish
Fight or flight
Navigation cues
Imprinting
28. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
isolation by season
Walter Cannon
Supernormal sign stimulus
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
29. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Magnetic sense
Inbreeding
Cross fostering experiments
Fitness
30. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
Sensitive or critical periods
Natural selection
31. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Inbreeding
Charles Darwin
Eric Kandel
Alleles
32. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Charles Darwin
Herring gull chicks
Sexual dimorphism
33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Mimicry
Wolfgang Kohler
Navigation of bees
34. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Fight or flight
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Navigation of animals
Mating of bees
35. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Natural selection
Selective breeding
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
36. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Mimicry
Phenotype
Natural selection
Harry Harlow
37. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Alleles
Selective breeding
Supernormal sign stimulus
Infrasound
38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Dominant and recessive gene
Sexual dimorphism
mechanical isolation
Genes
39. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Atmospheric pressure
Circadian rhythms
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Zygote
40. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Interaction between instinct and learning
Sun compass
Natural selection
Navigation cues
41. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Supernormal sign stimulus
Genetic drift
Karl von Frisch
Pheromones
42. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
phenotypic expression
Genes
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
43. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Circadian rhythms
Charles Darwin
Genes
Fight or flight
44. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Fight or flight
Gamete
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
45. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Mating of bees
Fixed action patterns (example)
Biological clocks
Fitness
46. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Inbreeding
Hearing of owls
Ethology
47. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Walter Cannon
Fight or flight
Navigation of animals
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
48. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Wolfgang Kohler
Hearing of owls
Phenotype
49. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
behavioral isolation
Comparative psychology
Navigation of animals
50. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Animal aggression
Inbreeding
homeostasis