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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






2. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






4. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






5. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






6. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






8. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






9. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






10. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






11. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






12. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






13. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






14. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






16. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






17. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






19. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






21. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






23. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






24. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






25. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






26. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






27. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






28. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






29. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






30. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






31. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






32. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






33. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






34. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






36. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






37. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






38. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






39. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






40. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






41. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






42. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






43. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






44. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






45. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






46. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






47. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






48. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






49. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






50. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed