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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






2. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






3. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






4. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






5. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






6. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






8. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






9. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






10. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






11. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






12. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






13. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






14. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






15. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






16. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






17. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






18. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






19. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






20. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






21. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






22. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






23. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






24. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






25. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






26. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






27. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






28. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






30. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






31. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






32. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






33. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






34. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






35. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






36. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






38. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






39. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






40. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






41. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






42. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






44. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






45. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






47. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






48. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






49. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






50. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr