Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






2. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






4. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






5. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






6. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






7. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






8. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






9. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






10. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






11. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






12. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






14. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






15. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






16. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






17. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






18. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






19. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






20. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






21. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






22. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






23. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






24. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






25. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






26. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






27. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






28. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






29. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






30. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






31. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






32. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






33. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






34. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






35. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






36. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






37. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






38. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






39. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






40. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






41. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






43. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






44. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






45. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






46. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






47. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






48. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






49. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






50. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour