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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






2. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






3. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






4. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






5. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






6. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






7. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






8. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






9. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






10. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






12. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






13. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






14. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






15. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






16. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






17. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






18. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






19. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






20. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






21. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






22. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






23. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






24. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






25. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






26. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






27. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






28. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






29. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






30. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






32. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






33. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






34. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






35. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






36. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






37. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






38. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






39. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






41. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






42. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






43. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






44. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






46. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






47. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






49. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






50. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee