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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






2. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






3. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






4. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






6. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






7. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






8. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






9. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






10. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






11. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






13. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






14. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






15. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






16. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






17. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






18. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






19. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






20. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






21. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






22. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






23. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






24. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






25. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






26. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






27. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






28. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






29. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






30. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






31. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






32. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






33. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






34. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






35. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






36. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






37. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






38. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






39. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






40. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






41. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






42. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






43. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






44. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






45. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






46. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






47. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






48. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






49. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






50. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time