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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






2. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






3. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






4. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






6. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






7. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






8. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






9. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






10. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






11. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






12. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






13. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






14. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






15. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






17. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






18. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






19. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






20. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






21. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






22. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






23. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






24. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






25. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






26. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






27. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






28. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






29. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






30. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






31. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






32. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






33. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






34. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






35. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






36. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






37. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






39. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






41. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






42. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






43. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






44. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






45. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






46. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






47. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






48. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






49. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






50. Bees dance to indicate food is far away