Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






2. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






3. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






4. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






5. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






6. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






7. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






8. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






9. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






10. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






11. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






12. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






14. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






15. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






16. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






17. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






18. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






19. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






20. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






21. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






22. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






23. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






24. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






25. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






26. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






27. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






28. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






29. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






30. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






31. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






32. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






33. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






34. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






35. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






36. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






37. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






38. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






40. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






41. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






42. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






43. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






44. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






45. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






46. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






47. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






49. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






50. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue