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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






2. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






3. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






4. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






5. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






6. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






7. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






9. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






10. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






11. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






12. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






13. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






14. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






15. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






16. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






17. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






19. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






20. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






21. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






22. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






23. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






24. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






25. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






26. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






27. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






28. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






29. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






30. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






31. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






34. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






35. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






36. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






37. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






38. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






39. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






41. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






42. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






44. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






45. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






46. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






47. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






48. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






49. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






50. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period