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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Echolocation
Atmospheric pressure
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sexual selection
2. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Eric Kandel
Estrus
Atmospheric pressure
Comparative psychology
3. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
genotype
Zygote
Walter Cannon
homeostasis
4. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Navigation cues
Altruism
Fixed action patterns (example)
5. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
geographic isolation
Natural selection
Star compass
Inbreeding
6. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Waggle dance
Navigation of animals
Instinctual drift (example)
7. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Atmospheric pressure
Cross fostering experiments
Wolfgang Kohler
Animal aggression
8. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Comparative psychology
Alleles
9. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Konrad Lorenz
Navigation cues
Courting
Circadian rhythms
10. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Dominant and recessive gene
Fight or flight
Flower selection of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
11. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Courting
Supernormal sign stimulus
12. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Zygote
Altruism
Selective breeding
13. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Selective breeding
Dominant and recessive gene
Magnetic sense
14. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Natural selection
Sexual dimorphism
Sun compass
Alleles
15. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Sensitive or critical periods
R. C. Tyron
Fitness
Star compass
16. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Fight or flight
Imprinting
Inclusive fitness
Genetic drift
17. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Konrad Lorenz
Magnetic sense
Genetic drift
18. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Comparative psychology
Sensitive or critical periods
Round dance
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
isolation by season
Fight or flight
20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Cross fostering experiments
Selective breeding
Konrad Lorenz
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
21. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Navigation cues
Fixed action patterns (example)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
22. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Pheromones
Courting
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Phenotype
23. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Fight or flight
Selective breeding
Stickleback fish
Animal aggression
24. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Charles Darwin
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Inclusive fitness
25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Karl von Frisch
Biological clocks
phenotypic expression
26. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Estrus
Charles Darwin
Mimicry
Instrumental learning
27. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
phenotypic expression
Natural selection
Star compass
28. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Magnetic sense
genotype
isolation by season
Hierarchy of bees
29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Herring gull chicks
mechanical isolation
Genes
Cross fostering experiments
30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Altruism
Hierarchy of bees
Herring gull chicks
Flower selection of bees
31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Hearing of owls
Communication of bees
Navigation of animals
32. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Comparative psychology
Altruism
Releasing stimuli
33. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
behavioral isolation
Magnetic sense
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Natural selection
34. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Waggle dance
Instinctual drift (example)
Imprinting
Cross fostering experiments
35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Stickleback fish
Navigation of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
36. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Harry Harlow
Fitness
37. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Instrumental learning
Walter Cannon
Animal aggression
phenotypic expression
38. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Comparative psychology
Pheromones
Releasing stimuli
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
39. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
geographic isolation
Gamete
Releasing stimuli
Zygote
40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Atmospheric pressure
Sexual dimorphism
Pheromones
isolation by season
41. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Natural selection
Estrus
Edward Thorndike
42. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Hearing of owls
Genes
genotype
Sensitive or critical periods
43. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mating of bees
Mimicry
Hearing of owls
Echolocation
44. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Edward Thorndike
Selective breeding
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Walter Cannon
45. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Comparative psychology
Charles Darwin
Alleles
Navigation of bees
46. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Round dance
Waggle dance
Circadian rhythms
Communication of bees
47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Konrad Lorenz
Interaction between instinct and learning
Flower selection of bees
genotype
48. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Gamete
Circadian rhythms
Biological clocks
Navigation of bees
49. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Sexual selection
Genetic drift
Circadian rhythms
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
50. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Pheromones
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Edward Thorndike
Supernormal sign stimulus