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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






2. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






3. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






5. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






6. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






7. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






8. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






9. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






10. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






11. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






12. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






13. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






14. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






15. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






16. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






17. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






18. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






19. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






20. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






22. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






23. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






24. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






25. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






26. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






27. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






29. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






30. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






31. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






33. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






34. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






35. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






36. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






37. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






38. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






39. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






41. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






42. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






43. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






44. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






45. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






46. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






48. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






49. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






50. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)