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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






2. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






3. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






4. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






5. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






6. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






7. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






8. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






9. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






10. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






12. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






13. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






14. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






16. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






19. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






20. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






21. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






22. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






23. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






25. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






26. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






27. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






29. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






30. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






31. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






32. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






33. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






34. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






35. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






36. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






37. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






38. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






39. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






40. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






41. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






42. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






43. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






44. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






46. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






47. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






48. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






49. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






50. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning