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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Pheromones
Mimicry
Interaction between instinct and learning
2. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Comparative psychology
Dominant and recessive gene
Waggle dance
3. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Imprinting
Alleles
Communication of bees
Eric Kandel
4. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Releasing stimuli
Magnetic sense
Fight or flight
5. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
phenotypic expression
Instrumental learning
Magnetic sense
Courting
6. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Navigation of animals
Karl von Frisch
Gamete
Cross fostering experiments
7. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Polarized light
Navigation cues
Mimicry
Interaction between instinct and learning
8. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Alleles
Edward Thorndike
Sexual dimorphism
9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Circadian rhythms
Infrasound
genotype
10. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Navigation cues
Atmospheric pressure
genotype
Round dance
11. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
isolation by season
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Karl von Frisch
Polarized light
12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
isolation by season
Altruism
Dominant and recessive gene
13. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
geographic isolation
Mating of bees
Echolocation
Round dance
14. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Stickleback fish
Eric Kandel
Gamete
Comparative psychology
15. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Polarized light
Cross fostering experiments
Animal aggression
Inclusive fitness
16. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Courting
R. C. Tyron
Echolocation
17. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Dominant and recessive gene
Ethology
Magnetic sense
behavioral isolation
18. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Genes
Walter Cannon
Zygote
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
19. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Edward Thorndike
Navigation of bees
Fixed action patterns (example)
20. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Natural selection
Herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
21. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
behavioral isolation
Fitness
Gamete
Charles Darwin
22. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Altruism
Navigation of animals
Instinctual/innate behaviours
23. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Mating of bees
Cross fostering experiments
Stickleback fish
24. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Herring gull chicks
Estrus
Navigation cues
Hearing of owls
25. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Polarized light
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Inbreeding
Mating of bees
26. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Fitness
Fight or flight
geographic isolation
27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Hierarchy of bees
Genetic drift
Sexual selection
Fixed action patterns (example)
28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Instinctual drift (example)
Mating of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
behavioral isolation
29. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Genetic drift
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
Nikolaas Tinbergen
30. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Karl von Frisch
Alleles
Edward Thorndike
Inclusive fitness
31. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Charles Darwin
Cross fostering experiments
Sexual dimorphism
32. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
R. C. Tyron
Altruism
Mimicry
Walter Cannon
33. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Waggle dance
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Charles Darwin
Genetic drift
34. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Animal aggression
Zygote
Eric Kandel
Stickleback fish
35. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
mechanical isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
Fixed action patterns (example)
Courting
36. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Cross fostering experiments
Inclusive fitness
Navigation of animals
Phenotype
37. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
genotype
Sexual dimorphism
mechanical isolation
38. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Karl von Frisch
Cross fostering experiments
Eric Kandel
Alleles
39. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Atmospheric pressure
behavioral isolation
Hearing of owls
40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
geographic isolation
R. C. Tyron
Communication of bees
Echolocation
41. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Magnetic sense
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Konrad Lorenz
Hearing of owls
42. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Wolfgang Kohler
Altruism
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Instinctual drift (example)
43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Gamete
Sensitive or critical periods
44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
geographic isolation
Dominant and recessive gene
Pheromones
isolation by season
45. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Hierarchy of bees
Releasing stimuli
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Hearing of owls
46. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Estrus
Wolfgang Kohler
Sun compass
Zygote
47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Gamete
Interaction between instinct and learning
Inbreeding
R. C. Tyron
48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Navigation of bees
Biological clocks
mechanical isolation
Releasing stimuli
49. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Pheromones
isolation by season
50. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Eric Kandel
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
Circadian rhythms