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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






3. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






4. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






6. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






7. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






8. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






9. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






10. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






11. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






12. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






13. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






14. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






15. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






16. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






17. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






18. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






19. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






20. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






21. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






22. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






23. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






24. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






25. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






26. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






27. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






28. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






29. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






30. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






32. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






33. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






34. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






35. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






36. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






37. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






38. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






39. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






40. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






41. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






42. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






43. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






44. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






45. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






46. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






48. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






49. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






50. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)