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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






2. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






4. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






5. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






6. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






7. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






8. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






9. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






10. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






12. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






13. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






14. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






15. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






17. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






18. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






19. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






20. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






21. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






22. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






23. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






24. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






25. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






26. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






28. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






29. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






30. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






31. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






32. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






34. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






35. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






36. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






37. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






38. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






39. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






40. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






41. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






43. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






44. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






45. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






46. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






47. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






48. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






49. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






50. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes