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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






2. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






3. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






4. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






5. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






6. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






7. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






8. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






9. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






10. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






11. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






12. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






13. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






14. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






15. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






16. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






17. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






18. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






19. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






20. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






21. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






22. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






23. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






24. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






25. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






26. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






28. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






29. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






30. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






31. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






32. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






35. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






36. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






38. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






39. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






40. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






41. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






42. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






43. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






44. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






45. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






46. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






47. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






48. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






49. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






50. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)