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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






2. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






3. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






4. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






5. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






6. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






7. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






8. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






9. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






10. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






11. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






12. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






14. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






15. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






16. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






17. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






18. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






19. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






20. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






23. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






24. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






25. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






26. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






27. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






28. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






29. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






30. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






31. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






32. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






33. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






34. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






35. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






36. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






37. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






38. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






39. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






42. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






43. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






45. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






46. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






47. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






48. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






49. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






50. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds