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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Hearing of owls
Phenotype
phenotypic expression
Zygote
2. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Genes
Polarized light
Konrad Lorenz
3. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Stickleback fish
Polarized light
Alleles
homeostasis
4. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Inclusive fitness
Wolfgang Kohler
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
5. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Releasing stimuli
Instinctual drift (example)
Navigation of animals
Magnetic sense
6. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Hierarchy of bees
Alleles
Gamete
7. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Sensitive or critical periods
Instrumental learning
Konrad Lorenz
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
8. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Supernormal sign stimulus
Comparative psychology
Sun compass
Konrad Lorenz
9. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Sun compass
Edward Thorndike
phenotypic expression
10. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Edward Thorndike
Fitness
Natural selection
Stickleback fish
11. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Cross fostering experiments
Navigation cues
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Hierarchy of bees
12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Round dance
Pheromones
Dominant and recessive gene
mechanical isolation
13. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sensitive or critical periods
Inclusive fitness
mechanical isolation
Sun compass
14. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Biological clocks
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Stickleback fish
Gamete
15. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Sexual selection
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Communication of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
16. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Comparative psychology
homeostasis
Instrumental learning
Communication of bees
17. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Walter Cannon
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Echolocation
18. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Courting
Communication of bees
Circadian rhythms
genotype
19. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
geographic isolation
20. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inbreeding
phenotypic expression
Inclusive fitness
Fixed action patterns (example)
21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Star compass
Waggle dance
Animal aggression
genotype
22. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Comparative psychology
Cross fostering experiments
Navigation of animals
Biological clocks
23. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Sexual dimorphism
Animal aggression
Courting
24. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Flower selection of bees
Karl von Frisch
25. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
R. C. Tyron
geographic isolation
Hierarchy of bees
26. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
behavioral isolation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Mating of bees
Inbreeding
27. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Nikolaas Tinbergen
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sensitive or critical periods
28. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Ethology
Round dance
Walter Cannon
29. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Instrumental learning
Hearing of owls
Echolocation
Genes
30. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
homeostasis
Eric Kandel
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Fight or flight
31. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
geographic isolation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Atmospheric pressure
Courting
32. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
behavioral isolation
Gamete
Sexual selection
33. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Estrus
Navigation of animals
Instinctual/innate behaviours
34. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Imprinting
Mating of bees
Navigation of bees
Hearing of owls
35. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Altruism
Circadian rhythms
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Eric Kandel
Fight or flight
Sensitive or critical periods
behavioral isolation
37. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Mimicry
Star compass
Stickleback fish
genotype
38. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Flower selection of bees
Edward Thorndike
Dominant and recessive gene
Communication of bees
39. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
R. C. Tyron
Estrus
Sensitive or critical periods
isolation by season
40. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Phenotype
Instinctual drift (example)
41. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Round dance
Instrumental learning
Waggle dance
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
42. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Phenotype
Instrumental learning
Estrus
Ethology
43. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Sexual selection
Stickleback fish
Inclusive fitness
44. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Charles Darwin
Dominant and recessive gene
Navigation cues
Natural selection
45. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Atmospheric pressure
Genetic drift
Cross fostering experiments
Pheromones
46. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Herring gull chicks
Phenotype
Magnetic sense
47. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Star compass
Round dance
Phenotype
Estrus
48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Fight or flight
Walter Cannon
Courting
Edward Thorndike
49. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Circadian rhythms
Echolocation
Fitness
Genetic drift
50. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Biological clocks
Inbreeding
Imprinting