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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






2. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






3. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






4. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






5. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






6. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






7. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






8. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






9. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






10. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






11. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






12. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






13. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






14. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






15. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






16. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






17. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






18. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






19. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






20. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






21. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






22. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






23. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






24. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






25. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






26. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






28. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






29. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






30. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






31. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






32. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






33. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






34. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






35. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






36. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






37. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






38. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






39. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






40. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






41. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






42. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






43. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






44. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






45. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






46. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






47. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






48. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






49. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






50. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness