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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






2. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






3. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






4. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






5. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






6. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






7. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






8. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






9. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






10. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






11. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






12. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






13. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






14. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






16. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






17. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






18. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






19. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






20. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






22. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






23. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






24. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






25. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






28. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






29. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






30. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






31. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






32. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






33. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






34. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






35. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






36. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






37. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






38. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






39. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






40. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






41. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






43. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






44. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






45. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






46. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






47. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






48. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






49. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






50. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits