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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






2. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






3. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






4. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






5. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






6. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






8. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






9. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






10. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






11. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






12. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






13. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






15. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






16. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






17. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






18. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






19. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






20. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






21. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






22. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






23. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






24. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






25. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






26. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






28. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






29. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






30. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






32. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






33. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






34. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






35. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






36. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






37. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






38. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






39. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






40. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






41. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






42. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






43. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






44. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






45. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






46. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






47. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






48. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






50. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even