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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






2. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






3. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






4. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






5. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






6. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






7. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






8. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






9. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






10. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






12. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






13. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






14. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






15. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






16. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






17. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






18. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






19. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






20. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






21. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






22. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






23. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






24. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






25. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






26. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






27. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






28. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






29. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






30. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






31. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






32. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






34. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






35. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






36. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






37. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






38. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






39. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






40. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






42. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






43. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






44. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






46. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






47. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






48. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






49. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






50. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience







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