Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






2. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






3. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






5. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






8. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






9. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






10. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






12. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






13. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






14. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






15. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






16. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






18. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






19. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






20. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






21. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






23. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






24. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






25. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






26. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






28. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






29. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






30. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






32. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






34. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






35. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






36. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






37. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






38. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






39. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






40. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






41. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






43. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






44. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






45. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






46. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






47. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






48. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






49. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






50. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic