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Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






2. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






3. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






4. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






5. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






6. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






8. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






9. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






10. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






11. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






12. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






13. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






14. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






15. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






16. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






17. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






18. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






19. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






20. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






21. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






23. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






25. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






26. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






27. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






28. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






29. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






30. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






31. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






32. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






33. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






34. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






35. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






36. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






37. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






38. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






39. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






40. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






41. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






44. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






45. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






46. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






48. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






49. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






50. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






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