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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






2. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






3. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






4. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






5. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






6. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






7. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






8. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






10. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






11. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






12. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






13. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






14. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






15. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






16. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






17. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






19. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






20. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






21. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






22. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






23. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






24. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






25. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






26. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






27. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






28. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






29. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






30. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






31. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






32. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






34. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






35. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






36. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






37. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






38. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






39. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






41. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






42. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






43. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






44. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






45. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






46. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






47. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






48. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






49. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






50. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)