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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Infrasound
Estrus
Round dance
Konrad Lorenz
2. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Communication of bees
Fitness
Estrus
3. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Pheromones
Sexual dimorphism
Supernormal sign stimulus
homeostasis
4. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Ethology
Herring gull chicks
Animal aggression
Interaction between instinct and learning
5. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Courting
Hierarchy of bees
Sexual selection
Walter Cannon
6. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Zygote
Instrumental learning
Star compass
Imprinting
7. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Waggle dance
Navigation of animals
Inbreeding
Stickleback fish
8. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Estrus
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
9. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Releasing stimuli
Sexual selection
phenotypic expression
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
10. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Inbreeding
mechanical isolation
Polarized light
Konrad Lorenz
11. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Inbreeding
Konrad Lorenz
Courting
Waggle dance
12. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Genes
Estrus
Fixed action patterns (example)
13. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Harry Harlow
Phenotype
Flower selection of bees
14. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
homeostasis
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Imprinting
15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Navigation of bees
Natural selection
Estrus
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
16. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Wolfgang Kohler
Eric Kandel
Harry Harlow
R. C. Tyron
17. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Selective breeding
Dominant and recessive gene
Infrasound
Courting
18. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Animal aggression
Navigation of animals
Nikolaas Tinbergen
19. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Animal aggression
Fight or flight
Natural selection
Alleles
20. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
genotype
Animal aggression
Gamete
21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Inbreeding
Gamete
Comparative psychology
Phenotype
22. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Polarized light
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
genotype
Harry Harlow
Nikolaas Tinbergen
behavioral isolation
24. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sensitive or critical periods
Sun compass
Nikolaas Tinbergen
25. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Inclusive fitness
Atmospheric pressure
Genes
Mating of bees
26. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Walter Cannon
Waggle dance
Interaction between instinct and learning
27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Konrad Lorenz
Gamete
Instinctual drift (example)
Interaction between instinct and learning
28. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Supernormal sign stimulus
Magnetic sense
Gamete
Fitness
29. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
phenotypic expression
Genetic drift
Sexual dimorphism
Hierarchy of bees
30. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Star compass
Supernormal sign stimulus
homeostasis
Alleles
31. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Cross fostering experiments
Sun compass
Polarized light
32. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Selective breeding
Instinctual drift (example)
Stickleback fish
Inbreeding
33. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Sexual selection
Flower selection of bees
Genetic drift
Dominant and recessive gene
34. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Pheromones
Star compass
Interaction between instinct and learning
Navigation of bees
35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Echolocation
Circadian rhythms
Edward Thorndike
mechanical isolation
36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Mating of bees
Magnetic sense
Genetic drift
37. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Circadian rhythms
Flower selection of bees
Courting
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
38. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Zygote
Navigation of animals
Fight or flight
39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Navigation cues
Genes
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Sexual dimorphism
40. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Circadian rhythms
Inbreeding
Stickleback fish
Flower selection of bees
41. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Zygote
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
42. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Fitness
Cross fostering experiments
Ethology
Karl von Frisch
43. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Alleles
Fixed action patterns (example)
Dominant and recessive gene
Instrumental learning
44. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Interaction between instinct and learning
Hearing of owls
Harry Harlow
Mating of bees
45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Cross fostering experiments
Imprinting
Flower selection of bees
Fight or flight
46. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Altruism
Inclusive fitness
Magnetic sense
Hearing of owls
47. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Imprinting
Eric Kandel
Alleles
Sensitive or critical periods
48. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Gamete
R. C. Tyron
Altruism
49. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
mechanical isolation
Gamete
Interaction between instinct and learning
Genes
50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Instrumental learning
Round dance
behavioral isolation
Fight or flight