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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






2. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






3. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






4. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






6. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






7. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






8. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






9. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






10. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






11. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






12. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






13. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






14. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






15. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






17. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






18. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






19. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






20. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






21. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






22. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






24. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






25. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






26. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






28. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






29. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






30. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






32. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






33. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






34. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






35. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






36. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






37. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






38. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






39. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






40. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






41. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






44. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






45. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






46. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






48. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light