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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






2. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






3. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






4. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






5. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






6. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






7. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






8. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






9. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






10. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






11. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






12. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






13. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






15. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






17. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






18. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






19. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






20. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






21. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






22. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






23. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






24. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






25. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






26. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






27. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






28. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






29. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






30. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






31. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






32. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






33. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






35. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






36. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






37. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






38. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






39. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






40. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






41. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






42. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






44. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






46. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






47. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






48. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






49. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






50. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic