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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






2. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






3. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






4. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






5. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






6. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






7. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






8. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






9. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






11. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






12. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






13. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






15. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






16. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






17. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






18. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






19. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






21. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






22. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






23. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






24. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






25. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






27. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






28. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






29. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






30. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






31. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






32. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






33. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






34. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






35. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






36. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






37. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






38. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






39. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






40. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






41. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






42. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






44. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






45. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






46. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






47. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






48. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






49. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






50. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small