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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






2. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






3. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






4. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






5. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






6. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






7. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






8. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






9. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






10. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






11. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






12. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






13. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






14. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






15. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






16. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






17. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






18. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






19. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






20. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






21. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






24. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






26. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






28. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






29. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






32. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






33. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






34. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






35. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






37. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






38. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






39. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






40. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






41. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






42. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






43. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






44. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






45. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






46. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






47. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






49. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






50. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity