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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
R. C. Tyron
Mating of bees
Inclusive fitness
2. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Polarized light
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Charles Darwin
3. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
Fitness
genotype
Sun compass
4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Infrasound
Herring gull chicks
Flower selection of bees
5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Walter Cannon
Polarized light
Sun compass
behavioral isolation
6. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Eric Kandel
Hearing of owls
Fitness
7. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Instinctual drift (example)
Mating of bees
Instrumental learning
8. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
phenotypic expression
Sun compass
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
geographic isolation
9. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Herring gull chicks
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
10. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Hierarchy of bees
Selective breeding
Echolocation
Sensitive or critical periods
11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
mechanical isolation
Karl von Frisch
Animal aggression
12. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Biological clocks
homeostasis
Genes
Flower selection of bees
13. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Harry Harlow
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
14. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
homeostasis
Altruism
Konrad Lorenz
Charles Darwin
15. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Communication of bees
behavioral isolation
Comparative psychology
Harry Harlow
16. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Wolfgang Kohler
Hearing of owls
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Echolocation
17. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Inclusive fitness
Harry Harlow
Polarized light
Edward Thorndike
18. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Ethology
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Charles Darwin
19. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Instrumental learning
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Walter Cannon
20. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Zygote
Karl von Frisch
Mating of bees
21. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Fight or flight
genotype
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
geographic isolation
22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Atmospheric pressure
Hearing of owls
Circadian rhythms
isolation by season
23. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Interaction between instinct and learning
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Animal aggression
Fitness
24. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Gamete
Comparative psychology
Communication of bees
Navigation cues
25. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
Sun compass
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Altruism
26. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Biological clocks
isolation by season
Navigation of animals
Fitness
27. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
genotype
homeostasis
Infrasound
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
28. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Inbreeding
Infrasound
Mating of bees
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
29. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Imprinting
Natural selection
R. C. Tyron
30. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Wolfgang Kohler
Konrad Lorenz
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual selection
31. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Sensitive or critical periods
Altruism
Estrus
Ethology
32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Konrad Lorenz
Supernormal sign stimulus
phenotypic expression
Sun compass
33. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Estrus
Circadian rhythms
Alleles
Releasing stimuli
34. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Imprinting
Flower selection of bees
Stickleback fish
Navigation cues
35. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fitness
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Sun compass
Fixed action patterns (example)
36. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
isolation by season
Genes
Charles Darwin
Supernormal sign stimulus
37. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Genes
Edward Thorndike
Echolocation
Navigation of bees
38. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
Magnetic sense
Hearing of owls
Fitness
39. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Circadian rhythms
Star compass
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Sensitive or critical periods
Mating of bees
Round dance
Estrus
41. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Pheromones
Dominant and recessive gene
Sexual dimorphism
Genetic drift
42. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Communication of bees
Mating of bees
Konrad Lorenz
43. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Genetic drift
phenotypic expression
Courting
Genes
44. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Karl von Frisch
isolation by season
Charles Darwin
Stickleback fish
45. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Gamete
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Inclusive fitness
46. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Dominant and recessive gene
Waggle dance
Interaction between instinct and learning
Zygote
47. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Karl von Frisch
Charles Darwin
Hierarchy of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
48. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Altruism
Karl von Frisch
Inbreeding
Mimicry
49. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Herring gull chicks
Flower selection of bees
Star compass
Round dance
50. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
Magnetic sense
Natural selection
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours