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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






2. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






3. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






4. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






5. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






7. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






8. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






9. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






10. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






11. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






12. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






13. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






14. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






16. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






17. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






19. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






20. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






22. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






23. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






24. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






25. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






26. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






27. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






28. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






29. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






31. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






33. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






34. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






35. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






36. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






37. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






38. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






39. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






40. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






41. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






42. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






43. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






44. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






45. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






46. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






47. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






48. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






49. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






50. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)