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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Magnetic sense
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Alleles
2. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Animal aggression
Genetic drift
Sun compass
Mimicry
3. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Hierarchy of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
Herring gull chicks
Navigation of animals
4. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Atmospheric pressure
Hierarchy of bees
Herring gull chicks
Hearing of owls
5. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Instrumental learning
Herring gull chicks
Animal aggression
Edward Thorndike
6. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Supernormal sign stimulus
Estrus
Charles Darwin
Edward Thorndike
7. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Sun compass
Infrasound
Echolocation
Releasing stimuli
8. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Echolocation
phenotypic expression
Zygote
Imprinting
9. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Waggle dance
Biological clocks
mechanical isolation
10. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Fixed action patterns (example)
Supernormal sign stimulus
phenotypic expression
Instrumental learning
11. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Dominant and recessive gene
Echolocation
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
12. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Navigation cues
Comparative psychology
Atmospheric pressure
genotype
13. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Navigation of bees
Star compass
Fight or flight
Supernormal sign stimulus
14. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Altruism
Eric Kandel
Inbreeding
15. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Inclusive fitness
Fixed action patterns (example)
Star compass
Round dance
16. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Ethology
Sexual dimorphism
Infrasound
Hearing of owls
17. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Genes
Fight or flight
Releasing stimuli
18. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Instrumental learning
Hearing of owls
Fitness
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
19. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Herring gull chicks
Pheromones
Natural selection
Imprinting
20. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
homeostasis
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
genotype
Comparative psychology
Karl von Frisch
Wolfgang Kohler
22. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Cross fostering experiments
geographic isolation
Walter Cannon
Sun compass
23. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Phenotype
Fixed action patterns (example)
Natural selection
24. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Charles Darwin
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
phenotypic expression
Walter Cannon
25. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Dominant and recessive gene
Walter Cannon
Eric Kandel
26. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
R. C. Tyron
Selective breeding
Phenotype
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
genotype
Harry Harlow
phenotypic expression
mechanical isolation
28. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Animal aggression
Fitness
Waggle dance
Genes
29. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Herring gull chicks
Wolfgang Kohler
Releasing stimuli
Fixed action patterns (example)
30. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Mating of bees
R. C. Tyron
phenotypic expression
Atmospheric pressure
31. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Comparative psychology
Instinctual drift (example)
Hearing of owls
32. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Atmospheric pressure
Selective breeding
Herring gull chicks
33. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
geographic isolation
Selective breeding
Mating of bees
Releasing stimuli
34. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Imprinting
Sun compass
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
35. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Navigation of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
36. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Biological clocks
Round dance
Karl von Frisch
37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Comparative psychology
Edward Thorndike
Estrus
38. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Pheromones
phenotypic expression
Instrumental learning
Sensitive or critical periods
39. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
genotype
Magnetic sense
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sexual selection
40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Karl von Frisch
Estrus
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
41. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Echolocation
Infrasound
Estrus
Walter Cannon
42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Animal aggression
Echolocation
geographic isolation
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
43. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Interaction between instinct and learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Gamete
44. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Round dance
Edward Thorndike
Cross fostering experiments
Sexual dimorphism
45. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
phenotypic expression
Releasing stimuli
Genetic drift
46. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Animal aggression
Magnetic sense
homeostasis
Instrumental learning
47. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Atmospheric pressure
R. C. Tyron
Altruism
48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Courting
Infrasound
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
49. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Hearing of owls
Mimicry
Zygote
Sexual selection
50. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Hearing of owls
Animal aggression
Hierarchy of bees
Flower selection of bees