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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Hierarchy of bees
homeostasis
Infrasound
Ethology
2. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Ethology
Polarized light
phenotypic expression
Magnetic sense
3. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Fixed action patterns (example)
Echolocation
R. C. Tyron
Stickleback fish
4. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Herring gull chicks
geographic isolation
Hearing of owls
Navigation of bees
5. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Fight or flight
Sexual selection
Supernormal sign stimulus
6. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Fixed action patterns (example)
Flower selection of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
Navigation cues
7. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
behavioral isolation
Comparative psychology
Star compass
8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Comparative psychology
isolation by season
Harry Harlow
Karl von Frisch
9. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Ethology
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Eric Kandel
10. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Genes
Sexual selection
Altruism
Flower selection of bees
11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Interaction between instinct and learning
Eric Kandel
isolation by season
Wolfgang Kohler
12. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Navigation of animals
Konrad Lorenz
Sun compass
Interaction between instinct and learning
13. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Navigation of bees
Fight or flight
Hierarchy of bees
mechanical isolation
14. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Courting
Interaction between instinct and learning
Releasing stimuli
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
15. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Atmospheric pressure
Gamete
Stickleback fish
Releasing stimuli
16. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Round dance
Navigation of animals
Star compass
Navigation cues
17. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Sexual dimorphism
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Mimicry
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
18. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Harry Harlow
Sensitive or critical periods
Circadian rhythms
Releasing stimuli
19. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Sexual dimorphism
Polarized light
Mating of bees
Phenotype
20. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Fitness
Ethology
Eric Kandel
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
21. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Gamete
Instinctual/innate behaviours
22. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Genetic drift
Estrus
Infrasound
behavioral isolation
23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Natural selection
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Infrasound
behavioral isolation
24. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Mimicry
Imprinting
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Genes
Herring gull chicks
Hearing of owls
26. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Round dance
geographic isolation
Harry Harlow
Fixed action patterns (example)
27. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
Alleles
Releasing stimuli
28. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Sun compass
Genes
Flower selection of bees
29. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Ethology
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Communication of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
30. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Instinctual drift (example)
Estrus
Karl von Frisch
Alleles
31. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Inclusive fitness
Imprinting
Sexual selection
32. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Mimicry
Fight or flight
Sexual selection
Navigation of bees
33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Ethology
Alleles
Waggle dance
Cross fostering experiments
34. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Karl von Frisch
Edward Thorndike
Round dance
Circadian rhythms
35. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Supernormal sign stimulus
Estrus
Selective breeding
Sensitive or critical periods
36. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Eric Kandel
Atmospheric pressure
Polarized light
Flower selection of bees
37. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Harry Harlow
Edward Thorndike
Fitness
38. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Imprinting
Navigation of bees
Sexual selection
39. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Releasing stimuli
Edward Thorndike
40. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Echolocation
Releasing stimuli
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Communication of bees
41. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Navigation of animals
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Polarized light
Biological clocks
42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Fitness
Communication of bees
Echolocation
R. C. Tyron
43. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Atmospheric pressure
Infrasound
Imprinting
Natural selection
44. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Selective breeding
Star compass
Animal aggression
Navigation of bees
45. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Communication of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
Zygote
Harry Harlow
46. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Fight or flight
Sexual dimorphism
isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
47. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Fight or flight
Fitness
R. C. Tyron
Inclusive fitness
48. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Round dance
Flower selection of bees
Phenotype
49. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Atmospheric pressure
Mimicry
Interaction between instinct and learning
Imprinting
50. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Fight or flight
Sexual dimorphism
Magnetic sense
Konrad Lorenz