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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






2. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






3. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






4. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






6. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






7. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






8. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






9. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






10. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






11. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






13. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






14. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






15. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






17. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






18. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






19. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






20. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






21. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






22. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






23. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






24. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






25. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






26. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






27. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






28. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






29. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






30. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






31. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






32. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






33. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






35. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






36. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






37. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






38. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






39. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






40. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






41. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






42. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






43. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






45. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






46. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






47. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






49. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






50. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)