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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Selective breeding
Star compass
Natural selection
R. C. Tyron
2. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Harry Harlow
Releasing stimuli
Wolfgang Kohler
3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Hierarchy of bees
Flower selection of bees
Waggle dance
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
4. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Karl von Frisch
Round dance
Selective breeding
Navigation of animals
5. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
phenotypic expression
Sensitive or critical periods
Estrus
6. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Genes
phenotypic expression
Biological clocks
Ethology
7. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Magnetic sense
Altruism
Stickleback fish
Imprinting
8. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Fitness
Selective breeding
Supernormal sign stimulus
Imprinting
9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
isolation by season
Comparative psychology
Walter Cannon
Round dance
10. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Biological clocks
Atmospheric pressure
Navigation of bees
Zygote
11. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
homeostasis
Gamete
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Instrumental learning
12. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
mechanical isolation
Konrad Lorenz
Cross fostering experiments
Fixed action patterns (example)
13. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Genes
isolation by season
geographic isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
14. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Communication of bees
Inbreeding
Circadian rhythms
Fight or flight
15. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Dominant and recessive gene
Instinctual drift (example)
Fitness
Flower selection of bees
16. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
Inbreeding
Selective breeding
17. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Estrus
Edward Thorndike
Imprinting
Star compass
18. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Star compass
Infrasound
Hearing of owls
Communication of bees
19. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Stickleback fish
mechanical isolation
Supernormal sign stimulus
20. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Interaction between instinct and learning
Waggle dance
R. C. Tyron
Supernormal sign stimulus
21. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
mechanical isolation
Waggle dance
R. C. Tyron
22. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Navigation of bees
Inclusive fitness
R. C. Tyron
Animal aggression
23. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Magnetic sense
Walter Cannon
Estrus
Ethology
24. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Ethology
Navigation cues
Gamete
Navigation of bees
25. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Circadian rhythms
Interaction between instinct and learning
Genes
Sensitive or critical periods
26. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Alleles
Imprinting
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Atmospheric pressure
27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sexual selection
Genes
Sun compass
Zygote
28. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Hearing of owls
Harry Harlow
phenotypic expression
Alleles
29. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Infrasound
Inbreeding
Sun compass
Navigation cues
30. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Gamete
Eric Kandel
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Flower selection of bees
31. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Star compass
Circadian rhythms
homeostasis
Stickleback fish
32. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Karl von Frisch
Altruism
Sun compass
33. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Gamete
Instrumental learning
Hierarchy of bees
Sexual dimorphism
34. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Gamete
Harry Harlow
Herring gull chicks
Inbreeding
35. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Karl von Frisch
Infrasound
Genetic drift
phenotypic expression
36. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Edward Thorndike
Releasing stimuli
Atmospheric pressure
Animal aggression
37. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
behavioral isolation
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Gamete
Communication of bees
38. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Star compass
Konrad Lorenz
Wolfgang Kohler
Sensitive or critical periods
39. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
geographic isolation
Navigation cues
Inbreeding
40. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fight or flight
Zygote
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Fixed action patterns (example)
41. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Supernormal sign stimulus
Circadian rhythms
Herring gull chicks
geographic isolation
42. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Fight or flight
Estrus
Cross fostering experiments
Harry Harlow
43. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Sexual dimorphism
Ethology
Echolocation
Inclusive fitness
44. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Atmospheric pressure
behavioral isolation
Mimicry
Natural selection
45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Circadian rhythms
Magnetic sense
Wolfgang Kohler
46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Natural selection
Hierarchy of bees
Altruism
47. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Genetic drift
Edward Thorndike
Charles Darwin
48. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Estrus
Inclusive fitness
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
49. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Sensitive or critical periods
Zygote
geographic isolation
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
50. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Phenotype
Herring gull chicks
Inbreeding
Wolfgang Kohler