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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






2. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






3. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






4. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






5. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






7. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






8. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






9. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






10. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






11. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






12. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






13. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






14. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






15. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






16. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






17. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






18. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






19. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






20. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






21. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






22. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






23. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






24. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






25. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






26. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






27. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






28. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






29. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






30. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






31. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






32. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






33. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






34. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






35. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






36. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






37. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






38. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






39. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






41. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






43. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






44. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






45. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






46. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






47. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






48. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






49. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species