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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






2. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






3. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






5. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






6. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






7. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






8. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






9. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






10. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






11. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






12. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






13. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






14. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






16. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






18. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






19. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






20. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






21. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






22. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






23. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






24. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






25. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






26. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






27. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






28. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






29. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






30. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






31. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






33. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






34. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






35. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






36. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






37. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






38. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






40. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






42. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






43. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






44. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






45. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






47. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






48. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






49. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






50. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics







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