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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






2. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






3. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






4. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






6. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






7. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






8. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






9. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






10. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






11. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






12. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






13. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






14. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






16. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






18. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






19. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






20. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






21. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






22. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






23. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






24. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






25. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






26. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






27. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






28. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






29. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






30. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






31. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






34. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






35. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






36. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






38. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






39. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






40. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






41. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






42. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






43. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






44. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






46. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






47. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






48. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears