SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Polarized light
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Waggle dance
Natural selection
2. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Fight or flight
Selective breeding
3. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Dominant and recessive gene
Releasing stimuli
Herring gull chicks
4. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Inclusive fitness
Konrad Lorenz
Wolfgang Kohler
Natural selection
5. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Altruism
Stickleback fish
Star compass
Sun compass
6. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Karl von Frisch
Sexual dimorphism
Eric Kandel
Atmospheric pressure
7. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Ethology
geographic isolation
Selective breeding
Echolocation
8. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Interaction between instinct and learning
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
isolation by season
Biological clocks
9. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Sensitive or critical periods
Charles Darwin
Inclusive fitness
Cross fostering experiments
10. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Konrad Lorenz
Inclusive fitness
Magnetic sense
Pheromones
11. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Herring gull chicks
Sun compass
geographic isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
12. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Gamete
Sensitive or critical periods
R. C. Tyron
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Sexual selection
geographic isolation
Sexual dimorphism
Estrus
14. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
phenotypic expression
Communication of bees
Atmospheric pressure
15. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Altruism
Edward Thorndike
Herring gull chicks
Waggle dance
16. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Flower selection of bees
Herring gull chicks
Magnetic sense
Circadian rhythms
17. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Instinctual drift (example)
Zygote
Flower selection of bees
Waggle dance
18. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
isolation by season
Magnetic sense
Eric Kandel
19. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
Communication of bees
Inbreeding
Echolocation
20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Gamete
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Navigation of animals
mechanical isolation
21. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Edward Thorndike
Stickleback fish
Genes
Inbreeding
22. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Magnetic sense
Animal aggression
Altruism
Flower selection of bees
23. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Navigation of bees
Phenotype
Cross fostering experiments
Waggle dance
24. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Navigation of bees
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Karl von Frisch
Herring gull chicks
25. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Genes
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Hearing of owls
26. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Karl von Frisch
Zygote
Altruism
Atmospheric pressure
27. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Eric Kandel
Genetic drift
Navigation of animals
28. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Star compass
Magnetic sense
Hearing of owls
Eric Kandel
29. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Sexual dimorphism
Alleles
Navigation of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
30. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Estrus
Wolfgang Kohler
Sensitive or critical periods
Fixed action patterns (example)
31. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Magnetic sense
Wolfgang Kohler
Instrumental learning
Alleles
32. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Communication of bees
Infrasound
geographic isolation
Gamete
33. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Hierarchy of bees
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Ethology
34. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Alleles
Atmospheric pressure
Cross fostering experiments
R. C. Tyron
35. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Mimicry
Echolocation
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Genetic drift
36. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Stickleback fish
Sexual selection
Estrus
geographic isolation
37. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Konrad Lorenz
Mimicry
Circadian rhythms
38. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Natural selection
Sexual selection
genotype
Nikolaas Tinbergen
39. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
geographic isolation
Comparative psychology
Pheromones
Natural selection
40. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Polarized light
Pheromones
Releasing stimuli
41. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
behavioral isolation
isolation by season
Ethology
Altruism
42. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Stickleback fish
Eric Kandel
homeostasis
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
43. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
geographic isolation
Sexual selection
Estrus
Mating of bees
44. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Estrus
Eric Kandel
Phenotype
45. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Infrasound
Edward Thorndike
Fight or flight
Mating of bees
46. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Instrumental learning
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Fitness
Alleles
47. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Fitness
Animal aggression
Round dance
Alleles
48. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Sexual dimorphism
Walter Cannon
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Alleles
49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Ethology
Magnetic sense
Waggle dance
mechanical isolation
50. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Zygote
Releasing stimuli
Sexual selection