Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






3. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






4. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






6. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






7. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






8. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






9. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






10. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






12. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






13. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






14. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






15. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






16. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






17. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






18. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






19. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






20. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






21. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






22. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






23. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






24. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






25. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






26. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






27. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






28. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






29. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






30. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






31. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






32. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






33. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






34. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






36. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






37. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






38. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






39. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






40. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






41. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






42. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






43. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






44. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






45. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






46. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






49. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






50. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes