Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






2. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






3. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






5. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






6. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






7. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






8. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






9. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






10. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






11. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






13. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






15. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






16. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






17. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






19. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






20. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






21. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






22. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






23. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






24. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






25. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






26. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






27. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






28. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






29. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






30. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






31. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






32. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






33. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






34. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






35. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






36. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






37. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






38. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






39. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






40. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






41. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






42. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






43. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






44. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






45. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






46. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






47. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






50. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)