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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






2. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






3. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






4. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






5. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






7. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






8. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






9. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






10. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






12. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






13. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






14. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






15. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






16. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






17. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






18. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






19. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






20. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






21. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






22. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






23. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






25. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






26. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






27. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






28. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






30. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






31. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






32. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






33. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






34. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






35. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






36. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






37. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






38. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






39. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






40. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






41. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






42. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






43. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






45. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






46. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






47. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






48. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






49. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






50. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby