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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Doll preference studies
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Social Psychology
Slippery slope
Hazel Markus
2. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Compassionate love
Just world bias
Field theory
3. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
diffusion of responsibility
Pluralistic ignorance
Paul Ekman
Availability heuristic
4. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Social Psychology
Base-rate fallacy
5. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Robbers' cave experiment
Walter Dill Scott
6. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Lee Ross
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Norman Triplett
Self-perception theory
7. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
James Stoner
elaboration likelihood model
Dissenter
Illusion of control
8. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Social loafing
Leonard Berkowitz
Paul Ekman
Field theory
9. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Reciprocal socialization
Peter principle
Trucking company game
Leon Festinger
10. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leonard Berkowitz
Sunk cost
Vector (life space)
Leon Festinger
11. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Sunk cost
Fritz Heider
Sociotechnical systems
12. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Leon Festinger
Richard Nisbett
Contact (Groups)
Cognitive dissonance theory
13. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Elaine Hatfield
Gain-loss theory
bystander effect
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
14. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Stuart Valins
Richard Lazarus
competition
Kurt Lewin
15. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Hawthorne effect
Irving Janis
Inoculation theory
16. Attribution theory - balance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
M.J.Lerner
Fritz Heider
Richard Lazarus
17. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Kurt Lewin
diffusion of responsibility
Bogus pipeline
Cognitive dissonance theory
18. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Social loafing
Compliance
Peter principle
Fritz Heider
19. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Acceptance
Self-monitoring
M.J.Lerner
Attraction (in order of importance)
20. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Overjustification effect
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Attribution theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
21. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Social support network
Compliance
Vector (life space)
Fritz Heider
22. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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23. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Equity theory
Passionate love
M. Rokeach
24. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Illusory correlation
Halo effect
Leon Festinger
Muzafer Sherif
25. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
M.J.Lerner
Social facilitation
Social support network
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
26. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Hindsight bias
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Self-serving attributional bias
27. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Pluralistic ignorance
Kurt Lewin
James Stoner
Peter principle
28. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
M.J.Lerner
Stimulus-overload theory
diffusion of responsibility
elaboration likelihood model
29. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Paul Ekman
Objective self-awareness
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Reciprocity of disclosure
30. Illusion of control
Halo effect
Ellen Langer
Sleeper effect
Kurt Lewin
31. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Social support network
Objective self-awareness
M.J.Lerner
Morton Deutsch
32. Self-perception theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Daryl Bem
Field theory
M. Rokeach
33. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Group polarization
competition
34. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Acceptance
Robert Zajonc
Barrier (life space)
Attitude
35. The total influences upon individual behavior
Paul Ekman
Sleeper effect
Richard Lazarus
Field theory
36. Person who speaks out against majority
Excitation-transfer theory
Dissenter
McGuire
Leonard Berkowitz
37. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Attitude
Solomon Asch
Norman Triplett
Morton Deutsch
38. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Richard Nisbett
Lee Ross
Acceptance
Passionate love
39. Assuming most other people think as you do
Sleeper effect
False consensus bias
Harold Kelley
Valence (life space)
40. Hawthorne effect
Self-presentation
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Henry Landsberger
M.J.Lerner
41. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Social facilitation
Compliance
Social support network
Bogus pipeline
42. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Balance theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Hindsight bias
43. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
diffusion of responsibility
Social Psychology
Fritz Heider
Hawthorne effect
44. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Group polarization
competition
Self-fulfilling prophecy
45. Group polarization
Irving Janis
James Stoner
Trucking company game
Acceptance
46. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social loafing
Norman Triplett
Self-serving attributional bias
Leon Festinger
47. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Objective self-awareness
Social comparison
M.J.Lerner
Ingroup/outgroup bias
48. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
M. Rokeach
Attraction (in order of importance)
elaboration likelihood model
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
49. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
M. Rokeach
Balance theory
Groupthink
Hazel Markus
50. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Self-perception theory
deindividuation
Fritz Heider
M.J.Lerner