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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






2. Attribution theory - balance theory






3. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






4. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






5. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






6. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






7. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






8. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






9. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






10. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






11. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






12. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






13. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






14. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






15. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






16. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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17. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






18. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






19. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






20. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






21. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






22. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






23. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






24. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






25. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






26. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






27. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






28. Groups take greater risks than individuals






29. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






30. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






31. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






32. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






33. The total influences upon individual behavior






34. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






35. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






36. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






37. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






38. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






39. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






40. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






41. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






42. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






43. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






44. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






45. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






46. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






47. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






48. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






49. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






50. Assuming most other people think as you do