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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Slippery slope
Hawthorne effect
Hindsight bias
Excitation-transfer theory
2. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Availability heuristic
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Self-serving attributional bias
3. Cognitive dissonance theory
Social Psychology
Availability heuristic
Base-rate fallacy
Leon Festinger
4. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Paul Ekman
Henry Landsberger
Equity theory
5. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Muzafer Sherif
Social comparison
Attribution theory
Groupthink
6. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Group polarization
Morton Deutsch
Philip Zimbardo
7. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Harold Kelley
Self-presentation
competition
Social support network
8. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Elaine Hatfield
James Stoner
Richard Nisbett
Availability heuristic
9. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Barrier (life space)
Robbers' cave experiment
Stuart Valins
Richard Lazarus
10. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Overjustification effect
Equity theory
Illusion of control
11. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Illusory correlation
Excitation-transfer theory
Vector (life space)
Representativeness heuristic
12. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Group polarization
Sleeper effect
doll preference studies
James Stoner
13. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Group polarization
Risky shift
Morton Deutsch
Social facilitation
14. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Sociotechnical systems
Base-rate fallacy
Social comparison
Oversimplification
15. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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16. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Norman Triplett
Social exchange theory
Sociotechnical systems
Social facilitation
17. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Dissenter
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Richard Nisbett
Vector (life space)
18. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Base-rate fallacy
Self-serving attributional bias
Robbers' cave experiment
Social Psychology
19. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Passionate love
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Sunk cost
20. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Henry Landsberger
Norman Triplett
Paul Ekman
Social Psychology
21. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Illusory correlation
Passionate love
M.J.Lerner
deindividuation
22. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Social Psychology
Robert Zajonc
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Base-rate fallacy
23. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Sunk cost
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Groupthink
Robbers' cave experiment
24. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
Equity theory
Norman Triplett
Valence (life space)
25. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Just world bias
diffusion of responsibility
Leon Festinger
26. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Hawthorne effect
Base-rate fallacy
Solomon Asch
Mere-exposure effect
27. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Social exchange theory
Overjustification effect
Philip Zimbardo
Kurt Lewin
28. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Stuart Valins
Kurt Lewin
Balance theory
Sleeper effect
29. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Sunk cost
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Social facilitation
30. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social Psychology
Social loafing
bystander effect
Richard Lazarus
31. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Sociotechnical systems
Reactance
Stuart Valins
Equity theory
32. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Inoculation theory
Dissenter
Pluralistic ignorance
Leonard Berkowitz
33. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Role
Barrier (life space)
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
34. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Social comparison
Balance theory
Sleeper effect
Elaine Hatfield
35. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Hindsight bias
bystander effect
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
36. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Social facilitation
Attribution theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Gain-loss theory
37. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
Reciprocity of disclosure
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Social support network
38. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Leonard Berkowitz
Slippery slope
Illusory correlation
Barrier (life space)
39. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
M. Rokeach
Philip Zimbardo
Objective self-awareness
Hawthorne effect
40. Attribution theory - balance theory
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Compliance
Self-monitoring
Fritz Heider
41. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Vector (life space)
Oversimplification
Walter Dill Scott
42. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Pluralistic ignorance
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Door-in-the-face
Stanley MIlgram (study)
43. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Cognitive dissonance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Oversimplification
Stuart Valins
44. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Peter principle
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
45. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Inoculation theory
Irving Janis
Life space
J. Rodin and E. Langer
46. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
M. Rokeach
Valence (life space)
Kurt Lewin
Peter principle
47. Theory of reasoned action
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Life space
Robbers' cave experiment
48. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Peter principle
Just world bias
Sunk cost
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
49. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Social comparison
Representativeness heuristic
50. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Self-monitoring
Risky shift
Role
Richard Lazarus