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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Overjustification effect
diffusion of responsibility
Attribution theory
Leon Festinger
2. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Philip Zimbardo
Harold Kelley
Field theory
Reciprocal interaction
3. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Gain-loss theory
Harold Kelley
Walter Dill Scott
Mere-exposure effect
4. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Peter principle
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Social facilitation
Risky shift
5. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
James Stoner
Equity theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Sleeper effect
6. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Leonard Berkowitz
Social comparison
7. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Attribution theory
Ellen Langer
Hindsight bias
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
8. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Attraction (in order of importance)
Barrier (life space)
Acceptance
Compliance
9. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Richard Nisbett
Passionate love
Attraction (in order of importance)
Contact (Groups)
10. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Norman Triplett
Base-rate fallacy
elaboration likelihood model
Leon Festinger
11. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Contact (Groups)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Social exchange theory
12. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
M.J.Lerner
Leonard Berkowitz
Trucking company game
Robert Zajonc
13. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Base-rate fallacy
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Self-presentation
Leon Festinger
14. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Barrier (life space)
Overjustification effect
M. Rokeach
15. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Trucking company game
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Robert Zajonc
Oversimplification
16. Inoculation theory
False consensus bias
McGuire
Social exchange theory
James Stoner
17. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Excitation-transfer theory
Valence (life space)
18. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Social Psychology
Philip Zimbardo
competition
Social comparison
19. Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
Illusion of control
Acceptance
Social Psychology
20. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Excitation-transfer theory
Leonard Berkowitz
Availability heuristic
Door-in-the-face
21. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Oversimplification
Richard Nisbett
22. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Trucking company game
M.J.Lerner
Harold Kelley
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
23. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Social facilitation
Social Psychology
Self-serving attributional bias
Robert Zajonc
24. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Base-rate fallacy
Richard Nisbett
Reciprocal socialization
Self-fulfilling prophecy
25. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Illusion of control
Sociotechnical systems
Reciprocal socialization
26. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Norman Triplett
Peter principle
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social facilitation
27. Groupthink
Illusory correlation
Reciprocity of disclosure
Availability heuristic
Irving Janis
28. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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29. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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30. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Groupthink
Robbers' cave experiment
Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
31. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Cognitive dissonance theory
Norman Triplett
Social loafing
doll preference studies
32. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
competition
Self-perception theory
Valence (life space)
Illusion of control
33. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Stuart Valins
Social comparison
Social loafing
competition
34. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Attribution theory
Muzafer Sherif
Slippery slope
Hindsight bias
35. Cognitive dissonance theory
bystander effect
Leon Festinger
Balance theory
Stuart Valins
36. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Trucking company game
Slippery slope
Objective self-awareness
Illusion of control
37. Illusion of control
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
bystander effect
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Ellen Langer
38. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Social support network
Cognitive dissonance theory
Conformity (types)
Acceptance
39. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
M. Rokeach
diffusion of responsibility
Bogus pipeline
Irving Janis
40. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Muzafer Sherif
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Reciprocal socialization
41. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Social Psychology
competition
Oversimplification
Self-perception theory
42. Attribution theory - balance theory
Sunk cost
Attitude
Fritz Heider
M.J.Lerner
43. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Role
Impression management
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Attraction (in order of importance)
44. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
Attitude
Robert Zajonc
Availability heuristic
45. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Leonard Berkowitz
Slippery slope
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
46. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attribution theory
Attitude
Morton Deutsch
M.J.Lerner
47. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Gain-loss theory
Slippery slope
Reciprocity of disclosure
Illusion of control
48. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
False consensus bias
Illusory correlation
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Door-in-the-face
49. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Daryl Bem
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Sociotechnical systems
Social exchange theory
50. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Leonard Berkowitz
Richard Nisbett
Availability heuristic