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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






2. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






3. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






4. Hawthorne effect






5. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






6. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






7. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






8. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






9. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






10. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






11. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






12. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






13. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






14. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






15. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






16. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






17. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






18. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






19. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






20. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






21. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






22. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






23. The total influences upon individual behavior






24. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






25. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






26. Attribution theory - balance theory






27. Self-perception theory






28. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






29. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






30. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






31. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






32. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






33. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






34. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






35. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






36. Inoculation theory






37. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






38. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






39. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






40. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






41. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






42. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






43. Person who speaks out against majority






44. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






45. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






46. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






47. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






48. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






49. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






50. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations