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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cognitive dissonance theory
Lee Ross
Leon Festinger
Paul Ekman
Hazel Markus
2. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Cognitive dissonance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Lee Ross
3. Person who speaks out against majority
Dissenter
Life space
Cognitive dissonance theory
Stuart Valins
4. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Sunk cost
Cognitive dissonance theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Hazel Markus
5. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Self-monitoring
Stanley MIlgram (study)
M. Rokeach
Philip Zimbardo
6. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Social facilitation
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Harold Kelley
Hindsight bias
7. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Reciprocal interaction
Social exchange theory
Slippery slope
Paul Ekman
8. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
bystander effect
Attitude
Group polarization
Hindsight bias
9. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Hawthorne effect
Reciprocal interaction
Self-perception theory
10. Doll preference studies
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
elaboration likelihood model
Norman Triplett
Harold Kelley
11. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Attraction (in order of importance)
Impression management
Stuart Valins
12. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Oversimplification
Irving Janis
Kurt Lewin
13. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Self-serving attributional bias
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Compliance
Impression management
14. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
James Stoner
Contact (Groups)
15. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Richard Lazarus
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Walter Dill Scott
16. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
deindividuation
Walter Dill Scott
Self-presentation
Illusory correlation
17. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Fritz Heider
Stimulus-overload theory
Reciprocal interaction
18. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Morton Deutsch
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Objective self-awareness
Gain-loss theory
19. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
False consensus bias
Inoculation theory
Contact (Groups)
Social facilitation
20. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Excitation-transfer theory
Robert Zajonc
Compliance
Reciprocity of disclosure
21. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Dissenter
Passionate love
Sociotechnical systems
Harold Kelley
22. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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23. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Inoculation theory
Group polarization
Attribution theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
24. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Cognitive dissonance theory
Gain-loss theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Social Psychology
25. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Richard Lazarus
Risky shift
Representativeness heuristic
Stanley Milgram
26. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Richard Lazarus
Overjustification effect
Valence (life space)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
27. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Hazel Markus
False consensus bias
Stanley Milgram
28. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Oversimplification
Compassionate love
Acceptance
Walter Dill Scott
29. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Balance theory
Philip Zimbardo
competition
30. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Halo effect
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Representativeness heuristic
Stanley MIlgram (study)
31. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Richard Lazarus
M. Rokeach
Social comparison
Groupthink
32. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Lee Ross
Groupthink
33. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Balance theory
Equity theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Stanley Milgram
34. Elaboration likelihood model
Barrier (life space)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Self-perception theory
Just world bias
35. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Peter principle
Walter Dill Scott
Reciprocal socialization
Actor-observer attributional divergence
36. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Attitude
Walter Dill Scott
Sleeper effect
Vector (life space)
37. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Richard Nisbett
Social comparison
Hazel Markus
M.J.Lerner
38. Illusion of control
M.J.Lerner
Dissenter
Ellen Langer
James Stoner
39. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Field theory
Barrier (life space)
Elaine Hatfield
40. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Hindsight bias
Equity theory
Illusory correlation
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
41. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Stimulus-overload theory
Bogus pipeline
Compliance
42. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Representativeness heuristic
Group polarization
Hawthorne effect
43. Assuming most other people think as you do
competition
False consensus bias
M. Rokeach
Role
44. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Richard Nisbett
Hawthorne effect
Reactance
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
45. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Dissenter
Excitation-transfer theory
Compassionate love
Trucking company game
46. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
competition
Sunk cost
Availability heuristic
Objective self-awareness
47. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Paul Ekman
False consensus bias
Social loafing
48. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Pluralistic ignorance
Compassionate love
Availability heuristic
Sleeper effect
49. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Balance theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Field theory
Valence (life space)
50. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Impression management
Self-presentation
McGuire
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