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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Hawthorne effect
elaboration likelihood model
Stuart Valins
Passionate love
2. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Henry Landsberger
Compassionate love
Excitation-transfer theory
3. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Impression management
Group polarization
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Social exchange theory
4. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Lee Ross
Passionate love
bystander effect
Attraction (in order of importance)
5. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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6. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Availability heuristic
Vector (life space)
Social support network
7. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Group polarization
Actor-observer attributional divergence
competition
Reactance
8. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Compliance
Sleeper effect
Kurt Lewin
Self-presentation
9. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
McGuire
Compliance
Actor-observer attributional divergence
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
10. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
Slippery slope
elaboration likelihood model
Self-serving attributional bias
11. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Attraction (in order of importance)
Solomon Asch
Social exchange theory
Bogus pipeline
12. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Social exchange theory
Attribution theory
Morton Deutsch
Reciprocity of disclosure
13. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Vector (life space)
Pluralistic ignorance
Sleeper effect
Fritz Heider
14. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Paul Ekman
Muzafer Sherif
Stanley Milgram
Hawthorne effect
15. Groupthink
Sunk cost
Irving Janis
Kurt Lewin
Ingroup/outgroup bias
16. Cognitive dissonance theory
Social comparison
Leon Festinger
Self-serving attributional bias
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
17. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Contact (Groups)
Hindsight bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Illusory correlation
18. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Excitation-transfer theory
Paul Ekman
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Field theory
19. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Paul Ekman
Kurt Lewin
Balance theory
Excitation-transfer theory
20. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Reciprocal socialization
Dissenter
Self-serving attributional bias
Elaine Hatfield
21. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Impression management
Pluralistic ignorance
Reciprocity of disclosure
Sleeper effect
22. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Social loafing
Philip Zimbardo
Slippery slope
Vector (life space)
23. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Peter principle
Prisoner'S dilemma
Conformity (types)
Robert Zajonc
24. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Richard Lazarus
Prisoner'S dilemma
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Reciprocity of disclosure
25. Illusion of control
Role
Daryl Bem
Base-rate fallacy
Ellen Langer
26. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Leonard Berkowitz
Oversimplification
Just world bias
Walter Dill Scott
27. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Oversimplification
Hazel Markus
Stanley Milgram
Kurt Lewin
28. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Compassionate love
Reciprocal interaction
Attribution theory
Peter principle
29. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Representativeness heuristic
Trucking company game
Social comparison
Dissenter
30. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Cognitive dissonance theory
Representativeness heuristic
Overjustification effect
Walter Dill Scott
31. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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32. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
doll preference studies
Self-presentation
Trucking company game
33. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
competition
Solomon Asch
Stimulus-overload theory
Fritz Heider
34. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Acceptance
Inoculation theory
Irving Janis
Vector (life space)
35. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Ellen Langer
Norman Triplett
Inoculation theory
Sociotechnical systems
36. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
M.J.Lerner
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
McGuire
Reciprocity of disclosure
37. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Balance theory
Pluralistic ignorance
Solomon Asch
doll preference studies
38. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Groupthink
Inoculation theory
Valence (life space)
Mere-exposure effect
39. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Bogus pipeline
Sunk cost
Just world bias
Self-presentation
40. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Excitation-transfer theory
Availability heuristic
Balance theory
Overjustification effect
41. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
doll preference studies
Elaine Hatfield
Balance theory
Representativeness heuristic
42. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Compliance
Pluralistic ignorance
Acceptance
43. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Paul Ekman
Walter Dill Scott
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Social facilitation
44. Person who speaks out against majority
Mere-exposure effect
Attraction (in order of importance)
Dissenter
Peter principle
45. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Acceptance
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Sunk cost
Attraction (in order of importance)
46. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Social facilitation
Door-in-the-face
Conformity (types)
47. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Vector (life space)
Field theory
48. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reciprocal socialization
Attraction (in order of importance)
Paul Ekman
Cognitive dissonance theory
49. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
Reciprocity of disclosure
Compassionate love
Illusory correlation
50. Inoculation theory
elaboration likelihood model
Equity theory
McGuire
Illusory correlation