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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Compliance
Leon Festinger
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Elaine Hatfield
2. Hawthorne effect
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Hindsight bias
Henry Landsberger
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
3. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Morton Deutsch
Stanley Milgram
Irving Janis
4. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Reciprocal socialization
Kurt Lewin
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
M. Rokeach
5. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Norman Triplett
Sunk cost
Social support network
6. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Excitation-transfer theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Compassionate love
Field theory
7. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Availability heuristic
Life space
Inoculation theory
Stanley Milgram
8. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Just world bias
Gain-loss theory
Conformity (types)
Slippery slope
9. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Reciprocal interaction
Social facilitation
Mere-exposure effect
Gain-loss theory
10. Groupthink
Irving Janis
Illusory correlation
Oversimplification
diffusion of responsibility
11. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Henry Landsberger
Excitation-transfer theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Self-monitoring
12. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Walter Dill Scott
deindividuation
Morton Deutsch
Trucking company game
13. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Just world bias
Pluralistic ignorance
Actor-observer attributional divergence
M. Rokeach
14. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Availability heuristic
Reciprocity of disclosure
Irving Janis
Representativeness heuristic
15. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Conformity (types)
Social comparison
Illusion of control
Attribution theory
16. Person who speaks out against majority
Field theory
Robert Zajonc
Dissenter
Representativeness heuristic
17. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Sociotechnical systems
Acceptance
Door-in-the-face
Irving Janis
18. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Social facilitation
Balance theory
Henry Landsberger
Actor-observer attributional divergence
19. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Valence (life space)
Hazel Markus
Base-rate fallacy
20. The total influences upon individual behavior
bystander effect
Field theory
elaboration likelihood model
Hindsight bias
21. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Mere-exposure effect
Leonard Berkowitz
22. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
McGuire
Compliance
Norman Triplett
23. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Walter Dill Scott
diffusion of responsibility
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Barrier (life space)
24. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Richard Lazarus
Valence (life space)
Impression management
Stanley MIlgram (study)
25. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Barrier (life space)
Self-monitoring
Prisoner'S dilemma
Daryl Bem
26. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Availability heuristic
Gain-loss theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
27. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Self-serving attributional bias
Social facilitation
Attribution theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
28. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Door-in-the-face
Passionate love
Hindsight bias
29. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Objective self-awareness
Walter Dill Scott
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Hawthorne effect
30. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Social comparison
Morton Deutsch
Irving Janis
31. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Just world bias
Mere-exposure effect
Balance theory
32. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Philip Zimbardo
Representativeness heuristic
Norman Triplett
Groupthink
33. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Dissenter
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Walter Dill Scott
Attitude
34. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Group polarization
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Solomon Asch
Overjustification effect
35. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
36. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social comparison
Gain-loss theory
Norman Triplett
Social loafing
37. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Group polarization
Lee Ross
Valence (life space)
Reciprocity of disclosure
38. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Social facilitation
Stimulus-overload theory
Actor-observer attributional divergence
J. Rodin and E. Langer
39. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Norman Triplett
Balance theory
Walter Dill Scott
Role
40. Self-perception theory
James Stoner
Daryl Bem
Norman Triplett
Morton Deutsch
41. Group polarization
Stimulus-overload theory
Trucking company game
James Stoner
Morton Deutsch
42. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Solomon Asch
Leon Festinger
Social Psychology
elaboration likelihood model
43. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Ellen Langer
competition
Norman Triplett
Hawthorne effect
44. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-serving attributional bias
Groupthink
Reciprocal interaction
45. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Base-rate fallacy
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Hindsight bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
46. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Self-perception theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
competition
47. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reactance
Reciprocity of disclosure
Cognitive dissonance theory
Stuart Valins
48. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Door-in-the-face
Harold Kelley
Reciprocal socialization
Contact (Groups)
49. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Philip Zimbardo
Acceptance
50. Just world bias
Self-perception theory
Gain-loss theory
Overjustification effect
M.J.Lerner