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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






2. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






3. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






4. Doll preference studies






5. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






6. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






7. Group polarization






8. Attribution theory - balance theory






9. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






10. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






11. Person who speaks out against majority






12. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






13. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






14. Assuming most other people think as you do






15. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






16. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






17. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






18. Groups take greater risks than individuals






19. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






20. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






21. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






22. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






23. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






24. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






25. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






26. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






27. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






28. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






29. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






30. Just world bias






31. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






32. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






33. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






34. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






35. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






36. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






37. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






38. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






39. Cognitive dissonance theory






40. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






41. Self-perception theory






42. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






43. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






44. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






45. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






46. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






47. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






48. Groupthink






49. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






50. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action







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