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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Door-in-the-face
Prisoner'S dilemma
Irving Janis
Richard Lazarus
2. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Self-perception theory
bystander effect
Compassionate love
Equity theory
3. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Acceptance
Philip Zimbardo
4. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Hawthorne effect
Role
Life space
doll preference studies
5. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Illusion of control
Elaine Hatfield
Robert Zajonc
6. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Door-in-the-face
Robbers' cave experiment
Ingroup/outgroup bias
7. Group polarization
Walter Dill Scott
James Stoner
Self-monitoring
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
8. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Pluralistic ignorance
Door-in-the-face
Sociotechnical systems
Robert Zajonc
9. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Reciprocal socialization
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
bystander effect
10. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Risky shift
Contact (Groups)
Peter principle
Self-fulfilling prophecy
11. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Balance theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Sunk cost
12. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Stanley Milgram
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Ingroup/outgroup bias
13. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Risky shift
Oversimplification
Stimulus-overload theory
Sunk cost
14. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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15. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Conformity (types)
Excitation-transfer theory
Life space
Self-presentation
16. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
bystander effect
Morton Deutsch
Leonard Berkowitz
Stuart Valins
17. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Attitude
Henry Landsberger
Philip Zimbardo
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
18. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Acceptance
Peter principle
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
19. Groupthink
Solomon Asch
Self-perception theory
Irving Janis
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
20. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Conformity (types)
Attraction (in order of importance)
Reciprocity of disclosure
Trucking company game
21. Attribution theory - balance theory
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Risky shift
Objective self-awareness
Fritz Heider
22. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Dissenter
Sociotechnical systems
Henry Landsberger
diffusion of responsibility
23. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-serving attributional bias
Role
Equity theory
Richard Nisbett
24. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Muzafer Sherif
Self-perception theory
Robbers' cave experiment
25. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Attraction (in order of importance)
Hazel Markus
Contact (Groups)
Harold Kelley
26. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Equity theory
Base-rate fallacy
Barrier (life space)
Compassionate love
27. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Reactance
diffusion of responsibility
Attraction (in order of importance)
Robbers' cave experiment
28. Theory of reasoned action
Groupthink
Gain-loss theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
29. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Ellen Langer
Leonard Berkowitz
diffusion of responsibility
Self-monitoring
30. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Just world bias
Social loafing
Richard Lazarus
31. Assuming most other people think as you do
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Base-rate fallacy
False consensus bias
Elaine Hatfield
32. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
competition
Illusory correlation
Harold Kelley
Stuart Valins
33. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Inoculation theory
deindividuation
Barrier (life space)
34. Doll preference studies
Life space
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Availability heuristic
35. Just world bias
Robert Zajonc
Valence (life space)
James Stoner
M.J.Lerner
36. Elaboration likelihood model
deindividuation
Valence (life space)
Social loafing
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
37. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Group polarization
Sociotechnical systems
Daryl Bem
Stanley MIlgram (study)
38. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
diffusion of responsibility
Excitation-transfer theory
Halo effect
J. Rodin and E. Langer
39. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Reciprocal socialization
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Hawthorne effect
Reactance
40. The total influences upon individual behavior
Balance theory
Group polarization
Halo effect
Field theory
41. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Muzafer Sherif
Henry Landsberger
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
42. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Social facilitation
elaboration likelihood model
Sunk cost
Fritz Heider
43. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Daryl Bem
Morton Deutsch
Just world bias
Kurt Lewin
44. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Self-perception theory
Muzafer Sherif
Illusion of control
Kurt Lewin
45. Person who speaks out against majority
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Ellen Langer
Overjustification effect
Dissenter
46. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
diffusion of responsibility
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Stanley Milgram
47. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Mere-exposure effect
Reciprocal socialization
M.J.Lerner
Social exchange theory
48. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Groupthink
Reactance
Sociotechnical systems
Pluralistic ignorance
49. Inoculation theory
Walter Dill Scott
McGuire
Excitation-transfer theory
Hindsight bias
50. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Vector (life space)
Inoculation theory
Equity theory
Paul Ekman
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