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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attribution theory - balance theory
Self-perception theory
Fritz Heider
Representativeness heuristic
deindividuation
2. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Stanley Milgram
Walter Dill Scott
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
3. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Robbers' cave experiment
Social Psychology
Representativeness heuristic
4. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
Self-serving attributional bias
Muzafer Sherif
Door-in-the-face
5. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Oversimplification
Field theory
Groupthink
Role
6. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Bogus pipeline
Equity theory
Richard Nisbett
Self-serving attributional bias
7. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Impression management
Reciprocal socialization
Sunk cost
Pluralistic ignorance
8. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Illusion of control
Irving Janis
Attribution theory
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
9. Person who speaks out against majority
Stuart Valins
Sunk cost
deindividuation
Dissenter
10. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
Slippery slope
Robbers' cave experiment
Contact (Groups)
11. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Henry Landsberger
Elaine Hatfield
Availability heuristic
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
12. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Mere-exposure effect
Peter principle
Field theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
13. Doll preference studies
Base-rate fallacy
Valence (life space)
Representativeness heuristic
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
14. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Acceptance
Lee Ross
Reciprocal interaction
Attribution theory
15. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Leon Festinger
Social exchange theory
Barrier (life space)
16. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Valence (life space)
Reciprocity of disclosure
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Illusion of control
17. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Leonard Berkowitz
Hawthorne effect
Bogus pipeline
Self-perception theory
18. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Reciprocal interaction
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Paul Ekman
19. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Self-monitoring
Illusion of control
bystander effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
20. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Inoculation theory
Robert Zajonc
Dissenter
Contact (Groups)
21. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
M. Rokeach
Trucking company game
Attitude
Cognitive dissonance theory
22. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Risky shift
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Pluralistic ignorance
23. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Leonard Berkowitz
M.J.Lerner
deindividuation
Representativeness heuristic
24. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Self-presentation
Self-perception theory
Social facilitation
Social support network
25. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Equity theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Leonard Berkowitz
26. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Attribution theory
Illusory correlation
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
27. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Group polarization
Reciprocal interaction
Sociotechnical systems
Self-fulfilling prophecy
28. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Inoculation theory
Risky shift
Harold Kelley
29. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Leonard Berkowitz
elaboration likelihood model
Social comparison
Equity theory
30. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Objective self-awareness
Impression management
Halo effect
Walter Dill Scott
31. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Social loafing
Self-monitoring
Valence (life space)
32. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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33. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Kurt Lewin
Risky shift
Excitation-transfer theory
34. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Dissenter
Barrier (life space)
Life space
35. Cognitive dissonance theory
Reactance
Leon Festinger
McGuire
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
36. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Richard Nisbett
Balance theory
Trucking company game
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
37. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Elaine Hatfield
Hazel Markus
Group polarization
38. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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39. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Robert Zajonc
Social exchange theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Social loafing
40. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Stuart Valins
Attitude
41. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Attribution theory
Lee Ross
Richard Lazarus
M.J.Lerner
42. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Illusory correlation
Social loafing
Sleeper effect
43. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Attribution theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Ellen Langer
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
44. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Lee Ross
Reciprocal interaction
Compliance
Self-presentation
45. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Barrier (life space)
Halo effect
Trucking company game
Richard Nisbett
46. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Self-monitoring
Muzafer Sherif
Overjustification effect
47. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Reciprocal socialization
Attitude
Social Psychology
Self-fulfilling prophecy
48. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Mere-exposure effect
False consensus bias
doll preference studies
Robert Zajonc
49. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Compliance
Availability heuristic
Reciprocal socialization
Self-perception theory
50. Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Morton Deutsch
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Role