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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






2. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






3. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






4. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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5. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






6. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






7. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






8. Illusion of control






9. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






10. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






11. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






12. Attribution theory - balance theory






13. Person who speaks out against majority






14. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






15. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






16. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






17. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






18. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






19. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






20. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






21. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






22. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






23. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






24. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






25. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






26. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






27. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






28. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






29. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






30. Elaboration likelihood model






31. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






32. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






33. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






34. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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35. Theory of reasoned action






36. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






37. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






38. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






39. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






40. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






41. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






42. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






43. Assuming most other people think as you do






44. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






45. Groupthink






46. Doll preference studies






47. Just world bias






48. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






49. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






50. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it