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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






2. Hawthorne effect






3. Illusion of control






4. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






5. Inoculation theory






6. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






7. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






8. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






9. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






10. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






11. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






12. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






13. Assuming most other people think as you do






14. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






15. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






16. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






17. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






18. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






19. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






20. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






21. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






22. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






23. Cognitive dissonance theory






24. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






25. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






26. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






27. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






28. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






29. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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30. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






31. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






32. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






33. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






34. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






35. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






36. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






37. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






38. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






39. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






40. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






41. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






42. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






43. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






44. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






45. Self-perception theory






46. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






47. Attribution theory - balance theory






48. Just world bias






49. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






50. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact