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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






2. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






3. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






4. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






5. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






6. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






7. Group polarization






8. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






9. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






10. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






11. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






12. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






13. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






14. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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15. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






16. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






17. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






18. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






19. Groupthink






20. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






21. Attribution theory - balance theory






22. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






23. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






24. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






25. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






26. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






27. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






28. Theory of reasoned action






29. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






30. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






31. Assuming most other people think as you do






32. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






33. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






34. Doll preference studies






35. Just world bias






36. Elaboration likelihood model






37. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






38. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






39. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






40. The total influences upon individual behavior






41. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






42. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






43. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






44. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






45. Person who speaks out against majority






46. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






47. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






48. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






49. Inoculation theory






50. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding







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