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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






2. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






3. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






4. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






5. Elaboration likelihood model






6. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






7. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






8. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






9. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






10. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






11. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






12. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






13. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






14. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






15. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






16. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






17. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






18. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






19. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






20. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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21. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






22. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






23. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






24. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






25. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






26. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






27. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






28. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






29. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






30. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






31. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






32. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






33. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






34. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






35. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






36. Attribution theory - balance theory






37. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






38. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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39. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






40. Person who speaks out against majority






41. Cognitive dissonance theory






42. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






43. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






44. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






45. Assuming most other people think as you do






46. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






47. Groups take greater risks than individuals






48. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






49. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






50. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs