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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Barrier (life space)
Self-perception theory
Self-monitoring
McGuire
2. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Balance theory
Attribution theory
Inoculation theory
Just world bias
3. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Role
Robbers' cave experiment
M. Rokeach
bystander effect
4. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Field theory
Social support network
Self-monitoring
Halo effect
5. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Compassionate love
Illusory correlation
Robbers' cave experiment
Sunk cost
6. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Cognitive dissonance theory
Life space
Self-monitoring
Passionate love
7. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Impression management
Sleeper effect
Ellen Langer
8. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
Elaine Hatfield
Attraction (in order of importance)
Walter Dill Scott
9. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Stanley Milgram
Life space
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Robbers' cave experiment
10. Doll preference studies
elaboration likelihood model
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Norman Triplett
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
11. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Gain-loss theory
Excitation-transfer theory
Risky shift
Self-fulfilling prophecy
12. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Morton Deutsch
Self-monitoring
Lee Ross
Groupthink
13. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Illusory correlation
Hindsight bias
Stuart Valins
14. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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15. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
doll preference studies
Acceptance
Groupthink
Social Psychology
16. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Impression management
Peter principle
Self-perception theory
Morton Deutsch
17. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Self-perception theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Paul Ekman
18. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
deindividuation
Impression management
Self-monitoring
Hazel Markus
19. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
elaboration likelihood model
Hindsight bias
Dissenter
Prisoner'S dilemma
20. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Groupthink
Attribution theory
M.J.Lerner
Sleeper effect
21. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Leonard Berkowitz
Role
diffusion of responsibility
Door-in-the-face
22. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Reactance
Leonard Berkowitz
Representativeness heuristic
Actor-observer attributional divergence
23. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Barrier (life space)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Social exchange theory
Attitude
24. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Prisoner'S dilemma
Morton Deutsch
Role
Groupthink
25. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Trucking company game
Richard Nisbett
Attribution theory
Hawthorne effect
26. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Harold Kelley
McGuire
Attitude
Richard Nisbett
27. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Self-serving attributional bias
Inoculation theory
deindividuation
Mere-exposure effect
28. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Richard Nisbett
Mere-exposure effect
Passionate love
29. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Henry Landsberger
Excitation-transfer theory
competition
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
30. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Stuart Valins
Vector (life space)
James Stoner
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
31. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Barrier (life space)
Robert Zajonc
deindividuation
32. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Sunk cost
Acceptance
J. Rodin and E. Langer
33. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Leonard Berkowitz
Illusion of control
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Reactance
34. Groupthink
Bogus pipeline
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Irving Janis
35. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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36. Just world bias
Social loafing
Elaine Hatfield
Self-serving attributional bias
M.J.Lerner
37. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Field theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Reciprocal interaction
Philip Zimbardo
38. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
M.J.Lerner
Cognitive dissonance theory
Kurt Lewin
39. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Sunk cost
Illusory correlation
Balance theory
40. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Paul Ekman
Slippery slope
doll preference studies
Stimulus-overload theory
41. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Irving Janis
Trucking company game
Ingroup/outgroup bias
M. Rokeach
42. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Attitude
Sunk cost
Social exchange theory
43. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Conformity (types)
Reciprocal socialization
Stanley Milgram
Ellen Langer
44. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Pluralistic ignorance
Norman Triplett
Gain-loss theory
45. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Self-perception theory
Mere-exposure effect
Robert Zajonc
deindividuation
46. Person who speaks out against majority
Self-perception theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Dissenter
47. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Excitation-transfer theory
Overjustification effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
48. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
M.J.Lerner
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Elaine Hatfield
McGuire
49. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stuart Valins
Representativeness heuristic
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social facilitation
50. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Sociotechnical systems
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Compliance