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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






2. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






3. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






4. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






5. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






6. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






7. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






8. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






9. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






10. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






11. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






12. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






13. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






14. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






15. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






16. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






17. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






18. Group polarization






19. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






20. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






21. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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22. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






23. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






24. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






25. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






26. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






27. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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28. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






29. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






30. Cognitive dissonance theory






31. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






32. Just world bias






33. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






34. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






35. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






36. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






37. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






38. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






39. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






40. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






41. Person who speaks out against majority






42. Attribution theory - balance theory






43. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






44. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






45. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






46. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






47. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






48. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






49. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






50. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`







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