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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Slippery slope
Contact (Groups)
Balance theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
2. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Acceptance
Prisoner'S dilemma
Daryl Bem
deindividuation
3. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Vector (life space)
Overjustification effect
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Norman Triplett
4. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Cognitive dissonance theory
bystander effect
Social exchange theory
Attribution theory
5. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Richard Lazarus
Just world bias
Life space
Reciprocal interaction
6. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Harold Kelley
Group polarization
Illusion of control
Stuart Valins
7. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Door-in-the-face
Passionate love
Acceptance
8. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Sleeper effect
Life space
Objective self-awareness
9. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Social exchange theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Equity theory
Base-rate fallacy
10. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Field theory
Kurt Lewin
Reciprocity of disclosure
11. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Kurt Lewin
Acceptance
Pluralistic ignorance
Life space
12. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Conformity (types)
Self-monitoring
Reciprocal socialization
Lee Ross
13. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Self-presentation
Availability heuristic
14. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Balance theory
Conformity (types)
Attitude
Stanley MIlgram (study)
15. Assuming most other people think as you do
False consensus bias
Social Psychology
Social loafing
Sociotechnical systems
16. Illusion of control
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Ellen Langer
Social comparison
Attraction (in order of importance)
17. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Mere-exposure effect
Attribution theory
Kurt Lewin
deindividuation
18. Theory of reasoned action
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Norman Triplett
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Richard Nisbett
19. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Inoculation theory
Reciprocal interaction
Daryl Bem
Barrier (life space)
20. Person who speaks out against majority
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Dissenter
Vector (life space)
Pluralistic ignorance
21. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Norman Triplett
Pluralistic ignorance
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Philip Zimbardo
22. Just world bias
Lee Ross
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Inoculation theory
M.J.Lerner
23. Elaboration likelihood model
Morton Deutsch
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Balance theory
24. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Attraction (in order of importance)
Mere-exposure effect
Cognitive dissonance theory
Muzafer Sherif
25. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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26. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Elaine Hatfield
Henry Landsberger
Life space
27. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Excitation-transfer theory
Valence (life space)
Reactance
Availability heuristic
28. Hawthorne effect
Compassionate love
Equity theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Henry Landsberger
29. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Harold Kelley
Hazel Markus
Irving Janis
Risky shift
30. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Bogus pipeline
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
James Stoner
31. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
diffusion of responsibility
32. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Self-presentation
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Self-perception theory
Solomon Asch
33. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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34. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Social support network
Self-serving attributional bias
Representativeness heuristic
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
35. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Self-perception theory
Representativeness heuristic
Social support network
Paul Ekman
36. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Just world bias
Valence (life space)
37. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Equity theory
Risky shift
Attraction (in order of importance)
Self-presentation
38. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Slippery slope
competition
Social Psychology
39. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Contact (Groups)
Robert Zajonc
Sunk cost
Social facilitation
40. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Base-rate fallacy
Objective self-awareness
Field theory
Impression management
41. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Sleeper effect
Stuart Valins
42. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Sleeper effect
Slippery slope
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Availability heuristic
43. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Mere-exposure effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
44. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
Reciprocal interaction
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Oversimplification
45. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Richard Nisbett
Kurt Lewin
Base-rate fallacy
46. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Norman Triplett
Muzafer Sherif
Hawthorne effect
Elaine Hatfield
47. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Inoculation theory
Groupthink
Hawthorne effect
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
48. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Just world bias
Leonard Berkowitz
Stimulus-overload theory
bystander effect
49. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Vector (life space)
Excitation-transfer theory
Slippery slope
Stanley Milgram
50. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Passionate love
Compassionate love
deindividuation
Self-monitoring
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