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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Life space
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Field theory
Valence (life space)
2. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Compliance
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Door-in-the-face
3. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Social support network
Slippery slope
diffusion of responsibility
Reciprocal interaction
4. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social facilitation
Conformity (types)
Social loafing
Illusory correlation
5. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Compliance
Valence (life space)
Walter Dill Scott
Acceptance
6. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Fritz Heider
Social exchange theory
doll preference studies
Richard Nisbett
7. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Slippery slope
Social Psychology
Door-in-the-face
8. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Peter principle
McGuire
Acceptance
Philip Zimbardo
9. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
M. Rokeach
Base-rate fallacy
Mere-exposure effect
10. Groupthink
Irving Janis
Self-serving attributional bias
Leonard Berkowitz
McGuire
11. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Impression management
Prisoner'S dilemma
Vector (life space)
12. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
competition
Sleeper effect
Social loafing
13. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
James Stoner
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Richard Nisbett
Trucking company game
14. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Mere-exposure effect
Morton Deutsch
Door-in-the-face
15. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Stimulus-overload theory
Compliance
competition
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
16. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Social Psychology
Excitation-transfer theory
Lee Ross
Attitude
17. Attribution theory - balance theory
Excitation-transfer theory
Richard Nisbett
Role
Fritz Heider
18. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Barrier (life space)
Self-monitoring
Reactance
Actor-observer attributional divergence
19. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Walter Dill Scott
Impression management
Role
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
20. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Role
Solomon Asch
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Stuart Valins
21. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Pluralistic ignorance
diffusion of responsibility
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Social facilitation
22. Elaboration likelihood model
Field theory
Philip Zimbardo
Cognitive dissonance theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
23. Illusion of control
M. Rokeach
Ellen Langer
Irving Janis
Social loafing
24. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Reciprocity of disclosure
Role
Group polarization
Social support network
25. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Sleeper effect
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Richard Nisbett
McGuire
26. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Door-in-the-face
Group polarization
Excitation-transfer theory
27. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Kurt Lewin
Paul Ekman
Life space
Self-presentation
28. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Reciprocal interaction
Robert Zajonc
Self-serving attributional bias
29. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Harold Kelley
Halo effect
Mere-exposure effect
Trucking company game
30. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Solomon Asch
Reciprocal interaction
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
31. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Sleeper effect
Bogus pipeline
Illusion of control
32. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Paul Ekman
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Hindsight bias
Philip Zimbardo
33. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Reactance
Morton Deutsch
Self-perception theory
34. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Impression management
Attribution theory
Henry Landsberger
Ellen Langer
35. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Vector (life space)
Attitude
Fritz Heider
36. Theory of reasoned action
Self-serving attributional bias
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Availability heuristic
37. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reciprocal socialization
Availability heuristic
Sleeper effect
Representativeness heuristic
38. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Compassionate love
Trucking company game
Equity theory
Just world bias
39. Assuming most other people think as you do
Hawthorne effect
doll preference studies
Barrier (life space)
False consensus bias
40. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Groupthink
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Mere-exposure effect
Sunk cost
41. Inoculation theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Equity theory
McGuire
Trucking company game
42. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Sociotechnical systems
bystander effect
Acceptance
Life space
43. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Solomon Asch
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Representativeness heuristic
44. Person who speaks out against majority
Overjustification effect
Dissenter
Fritz Heider
Leonard Berkowitz
45. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Philip Zimbardo
Impression management
Hazel Markus
M. Rokeach
46. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Paul Ekman
Groupthink
Equity theory
M.J.Lerner
47. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Conformity (types)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Henry Landsberger
Stimulus-overload theory
48. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Bogus pipeline
Self-monitoring
Attribution theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy
49. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Base-rate fallacy
Illusory correlation
Contact (Groups)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
50. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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