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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Harold Kelley
Halo effect
Sunk cost
Richard Nisbett
2. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
diffusion of responsibility
M. Rokeach
Sociotechnical systems
Illusory correlation
3. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
James Stoner
McGuire
Kurt Lewin
Stanley Milgram
4. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Conformity (types)
Trucking company game
Ellen Langer
5. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Dissenter
Reactance
Sunk cost
Base-rate fallacy
6. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Norman Triplett
Kurt Lewin
Attribution theory
M. Rokeach
7. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Vector (life space)
doll preference studies
Mere-exposure effect
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
8. Groupthink
Gain-loss theory
Pluralistic ignorance
Irving Janis
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
9. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Sociotechnical systems
diffusion of responsibility
Inoculation theory
Reciprocal socialization
10. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Richard Lazarus
Passionate love
Hawthorne effect
Illusion of control
11. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
McGuire
Self-perception theory
Equity theory
Life space
12. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Door-in-the-face
13. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Excitation-transfer theory
Sociotechnical systems
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
14. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Contact (Groups)
Attribution theory
Overjustification effect
Peter principle
15. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Stuart Valins
Trucking company game
Social exchange theory
Valence (life space)
16. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Field theory
Attitude
Compliance
Peter principle
17. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Compliance
Henry Landsberger
18. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Bogus pipeline
M.J.Lerner
Reciprocity of disclosure
19. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Availability heuristic
Harold Kelley
Attribution theory
20. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Groupthink
doll preference studies
competition
Passionate love
21. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
deindividuation
Hindsight bias
Field theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
22. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
Base-rate fallacy
Daryl Bem
Risky shift
23. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Self-monitoring
Hazel Markus
James Stoner
24. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Hawthorne effect
Prisoner'S dilemma
Attraction (in order of importance)
Trucking company game
25. Assuming most other people think as you do
Base-rate fallacy
False consensus bias
Stuart Valins
Peter principle
26. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Richard Lazarus
Self-presentation
Mere-exposure effect
Social Psychology
27. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Conformity (types)
James Stoner
elaboration likelihood model
28. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
bystander effect
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Fritz Heider
29. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Morton Deutsch
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Inoculation theory
Paul Ekman
30. Group polarization
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Peter principle
Paul Ekman
James Stoner
31. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Acceptance
Objective self-awareness
Stuart Valins
James Stoner
32. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
33. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Vector (life space)
Life space
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Stanley MIlgram (study)
34. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Norman Triplett
Illusion of control
Paul Ekman
Social support network
35. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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36. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Daryl Bem
Barrier (life space)
Balance theory
Peter principle
37. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Attraction (in order of importance)
Slippery slope
Peter principle
38. The total influences upon individual behavior
Attraction (in order of importance)
Muzafer Sherif
Field theory
Self-perception theory
39. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Cognitive dissonance theory
bystander effect
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
40. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Cognitive dissonance theory
Hindsight bias
Reciprocity of disclosure
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
41. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Reactance
Self-monitoring
Risky shift
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
42. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Muzafer Sherif
Norman Triplett
Reactance
Cognitive dissonance theory
43. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Balance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
44. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Gain-loss theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Role
45. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Reciprocal interaction
Availability heuristic
Social Psychology
M. Rokeach
46. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Stanley Milgram
Passionate love
Base-rate fallacy
Social comparison
47. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Trucking company game
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Peter principle
M.J.Lerner
48. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Self-serving attributional bias
Role
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
49. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-serving attributional bias
Harold Kelley
Irving Janis
Field theory
50. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Representativeness heuristic
competition
M.J.Lerner
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