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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hawthorne effect






2. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






3. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






4. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






5. Group polarization






6. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






7. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






8. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game


9. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






10. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






11. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






12. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






13. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






14. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






15. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






16. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






17. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






18. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






19. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






20. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






21. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






22. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






23. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






24. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






25. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






26. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






27. Just world bias






28. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






29. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






30. Attribution theory - balance theory






31. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






32. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






33. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






34. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument


35. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






36. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






37. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






38. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






39. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






40. Illusion of control






41. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






42. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






43. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






44. Groupthink






45. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






46. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






47. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






48. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






49. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






50. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related