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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






2. Doll preference studies






3. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






4. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






5. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






6. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






7. Inoculation theory






8. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






9. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






10. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






11. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






12. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






13. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






14. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






15. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






16. The total influences upon individual behavior






17. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






18. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






19. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






20. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






21. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






22. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






23. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






24. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






25. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






26. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






27. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






28. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






29. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






30. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






31. Groups take greater risks than individuals






32. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






33. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






34. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






35. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






36. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






37. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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38. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






39. Hawthorne effect






40. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






41. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






42. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






43. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






44. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






45. Elaboration likelihood model






46. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






47. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






48. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






49. Groupthink






50. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection