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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inoculation theory
McGuire
Social Psychology
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
James Stoner
2. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
Stimulus-overload theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Sleeper effect
3. Hawthorne effect
Philip Zimbardo
Henry Landsberger
diffusion of responsibility
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
4. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Base-rate fallacy
Stuart Valins
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Hawthorne effect
5. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Muzafer Sherif
James Stoner
Base-rate fallacy
Overjustification effect
6. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Risky shift
Cognitive dissonance theory
Trucking company game
elaboration likelihood model
7. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Walter Dill Scott
Self-serving attributional bias
Solomon Asch
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
8. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Passionate love
Reciprocal socialization
Just world bias
Impression management
9. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Irving Janis
Hindsight bias
10. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Mere-exposure effect
Equity theory
Paul Ekman
11. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Robert Zajonc
Self-perception theory
Mere-exposure effect
Groupthink
12. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Gain-loss theory
Life space
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Prisoner'S dilemma
13. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Role
Conformity (types)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
14. Cognitive dissonance theory
deindividuation
Attraction (in order of importance)
Social facilitation
Leon Festinger
15. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Excitation-transfer theory
Barrier (life space)
Vector (life space)
16. Just world bias
competition
M.J.Lerner
Oversimplification
diffusion of responsibility
17. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Hazel Markus
Valence (life space)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
18. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Fritz Heider
Social facilitation
Slippery slope
Impression management
19. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
competition
Harold Kelley
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Equity theory
20. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Balance theory
Acceptance
Philip Zimbardo
21. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Henry Landsberger
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Stimulus-overload theory
22. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Objective self-awareness
Bogus pipeline
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Risky shift
23. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Conformity (types)
Compassionate love
Self-serving attributional bias
24. Theory of reasoned action
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Richard Lazarus
Leonard Berkowitz
Morton Deutsch
25. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Sunk cost
Dissenter
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Self-monitoring
26. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Gain-loss theory
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Stuart Valins
Social support network
27. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Reciprocal socialization
Richard Lazarus
Role
M. Rokeach
28. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social comparison
Social support network
Stimulus-overload theory
Daryl Bem
29. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Henry Landsberger
Self-perception theory
Availability heuristic
Contact (Groups)
30. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Attitude
Door-in-the-face
Self-monitoring
31. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Lee Ross
Cognitive dissonance theory
Peter principle
competition
32. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Door-in-the-face
Kurt Lewin
Elaine Hatfield
Fritz Heider
33. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Self-perception theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Morton Deutsch
34. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Compassionate love
Sociotechnical systems
Henry Landsberger
Hazel Markus
35. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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36. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Barrier (life space)
Leonard Berkowitz
Social comparison
Ellen Langer
37. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Objective self-awareness
Door-in-the-face
Attraction (in order of importance)
38. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Norman Triplett
Trucking company game
Life space
M. Rokeach
39. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Self-presentation
Attribution theory
M.J.Lerner
Risky shift
40. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Life space
Group polarization
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Door-in-the-face
41. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Self-serving attributional bias
Kurt Lewin
Reciprocal interaction
42. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Door-in-the-face
Sleeper effect
Self-perception theory
Solomon Asch
43. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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44. Doll preference studies
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Availability heuristic
Trucking company game
Sunk cost
45. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Self-serving attributional bias
Robert Zajonc
Dissenter
Balance theory
46. Illusion of control
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Ellen Langer
Hindsight bias
Sleeper effect
47. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Leonard Berkowitz
Ellen Langer
Lee Ross
Risky shift
48. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Barrier (life space)
Mere-exposure effect
doll preference studies
Elaine Hatfield
49. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
competition
Self-monitoring
Hazel Markus
Just world bias
50. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Hazel Markus
Social support network
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Elaine Hatfield
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