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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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2. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






3. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






4. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






5. Cognitive dissonance theory






6. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






7. Groupthink






8. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






9. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






10. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






11. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






12. Self-perception theory






13. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






14. Elaboration likelihood model






15. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






16. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






17. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






18. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






19. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






20. Group polarization






21. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






22. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






23. Hawthorne effect






24. Groups take greater risks than individuals






25. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






26. Doll preference studies






27. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






28. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






29. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






30. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






31. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






32. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






33. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






34. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






35. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






36. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






37. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






38. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






39. Assuming most other people think as you do






40. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






41. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






42. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






43. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






44. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






45. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






46. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






47. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






48. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






49. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






50. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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