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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Kurt Lewin
doll preference studies
Valence (life space)
Compliance
2. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Contact (Groups)
Field theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Peter principle
3. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social Psychology
Passionate love
Social exchange theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
4. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
James Stoner
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Self-perception theory
5. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Kurt Lewin
Robert Zajonc
bystander effect
Oversimplification
6. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
deindividuation
Conformity (types)
Halo effect
Paul Ekman
7. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Leonard Berkowitz
Reciprocal interaction
Compliance
8. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Sociotechnical systems
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Bogus pipeline
Life space
9. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Hazel Markus
Ingroup/outgroup bias
M. Rokeach
10. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Social Psychology
Gain-loss theory
Just world bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
11. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
elaboration likelihood model
Group polarization
Objective self-awareness
Self-serving attributional bias
12. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
Norman Triplett
deindividuation
Oversimplification
13. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Barrier (life space)
Slippery slope
Door-in-the-face
Self-fulfilling prophecy
14. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Oversimplification
Paul Ekman
Prisoner'S dilemma
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
15. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Gain-loss theory
competition
Stimulus-overload theory
16. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Excitation-transfer theory
Irving Janis
Henry Landsberger
Stimulus-overload theory
17. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Lee Ross
Life space
Harold Kelley
Stanley Milgram
18. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
False consensus bias
Peter principle
Morton Deutsch
Sleeper effect
19. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Compliance
Social facilitation
Groupthink
Social comparison
20. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
False consensus bias
Self-monitoring
Hazel Markus
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
21. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Social exchange theory
competition
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Inoculation theory
22. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Cognitive dissonance theory
Social facilitation
Lee Ross
Attitude
23. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Lee Ross
Hindsight bias
Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
24. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Valence (life space)
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Prisoner'S dilemma
25. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Leonard Berkowitz
Sleeper effect
Self-monitoring
Robert Zajonc
26. Self-perception theory
Henry Landsberger
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Robert Zajonc
Daryl Bem
27. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Self-presentation
Just world bias
Hawthorne effect
Gain-loss theory
28. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Norman Triplett
Stuart Valins
Self-monitoring
Richard Lazarus
29. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Social facilitation
Ellen Langer
Acceptance
James Stoner
30. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Attraction (in order of importance)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Base-rate fallacy
Compliance
31. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Balance theory
James Stoner
Hindsight bias
Social comparison
32. Doll preference studies
Bogus pipeline
Compliance
Groupthink
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
33. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Oversimplification
Barrier (life space)
Elaine Hatfield
34. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Barrier (life space)
Self-serving attributional bias
Balance theory
Halo effect
35. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Sunk cost
Muzafer Sherif
M.J.Lerner
False consensus bias
36. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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37. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Richard Lazarus
Fritz Heider
38. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
M. Rokeach
Gain-loss theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Vector (life space)
39. Theory of reasoned action
deindividuation
Ingroup/outgroup bias
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Impression management
40. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Hindsight bias
Balance theory
41. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Harold Kelley
Reciprocal socialization
Social Psychology
Attraction (in order of importance)
42. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social loafing
Inoculation theory
Gain-loss theory
Hindsight bias
43. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Overjustification effect
Attitude
Kurt Lewin
44. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Risky shift
Door-in-the-face
Halo effect
Dissenter
45. Attribution theory - balance theory
doll preference studies
Fritz Heider
Sociotechnical systems
Group polarization
46. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Richard Lazarus
Muzafer Sherif
Hazel Markus
Cognitive dissonance theory
47. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
diffusion of responsibility
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Solomon Asch
Vector (life space)
48. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Robert Zajonc
Pluralistic ignorance
Conformity (types)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
49. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Compassionate love
Trucking company game
50. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Social support network
Henry Landsberger
Peter principle
Social comparison
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