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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






2. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






3. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






4. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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5. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






6. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






7. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






8. Hawthorne effect






9. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






10. Attribution theory - balance theory






11. Theory of reasoned action






12. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






13. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






14. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






15. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






16. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






17. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






18. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






19. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






20. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






21. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






22. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






23. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






24. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






25. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






26. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






27. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






28. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






29. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






30. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






31. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






32. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






33. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






34. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






35. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






36. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






37. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






38. Elaboration likelihood model






39. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






40. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






41. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






42. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






43. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






44. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






45. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






46. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






47. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






48. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






49. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






50. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs