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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Doll preference studies
Stimulus-overload theory
Self-presentation
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Impression management
2. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Henry Landsberger
Self-monitoring
Paul Ekman
Morton Deutsch
3. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Peter principle
Attraction (in order of importance)
Hawthorne effect
Self-perception theory
4. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Compliance
Compassionate love
Hindsight bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
5. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Role
Irving Janis
Pluralistic ignorance
doll preference studies
6. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Balance theory
deindividuation
Henry Landsberger
Actor-observer attributional divergence
7. The total influences upon individual behavior
Contact (Groups)
Field theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Social facilitation
8. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Acceptance
Social exchange theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Impression management
9. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Cognitive dissonance theory
Barrier (life space)
Lee Ross
Compassionate love
10. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Stuart Valins
Social comparison
Social loafing
Irving Janis
11. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Leonard Berkowitz
Sociotechnical systems
Sleeper effect
Social loafing
12. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Self-monitoring
Social loafing
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Ingroup/outgroup bias
13. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Reciprocal socialization
Leon Festinger
Stimulus-overload theory
Trucking company game
14. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Stanley Milgram
Passionate love
Barrier (life space)
Philip Zimbardo
15. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Life space
Groupthink
Passionate love
16. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Social support network
Risky shift
Social Psychology
doll preference studies
17. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
bystander effect
Walter Dill Scott
doll preference studies
Stanley MIlgram (study)
18. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Just world bias
Gain-loss theory
Daryl Bem
Self-monitoring
19. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Leon Festinger
doll preference studies
Stanley Milgram
20. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Cognitive dissonance theory
Lee Ross
Social support network
Social comparison
21. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Peter principle
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Field theory
22. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Peter principle
Life space
Social comparison
Hazel Markus
23. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Richard Lazarus
Self-perception theory
M.J.Lerner
Self-presentation
24. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Base-rate fallacy
Risky shift
Norman Triplett
25. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Life space
Stuart Valins
Harold Kelley
26. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Lee Ross
Overjustification effect
Leon Festinger
Self-perception theory
27. Assuming most other people think as you do
Attribution theory
False consensus bias
Social support network
Mere-exposure effect
28. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Balance theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Henry Landsberger
Actor-observer attributional divergence
29. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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30. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Conformity (types)
M.J.Lerner
Leonard Berkowitz
Henry Landsberger
31. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
McGuire
Daryl Bem
Group polarization
competition
32. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Prisoner'S dilemma
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
33. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Pluralistic ignorance
Ellen Langer
Henry Landsberger
Robert Zajonc
34. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Inoculation theory
Base-rate fallacy
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Peter principle
35. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
Dissenter
Representativeness heuristic
Sleeper effect
36. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Excitation-transfer theory
deindividuation
Mere-exposure effect
Prisoner'S dilemma
37. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
James Stoner
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Elaine Hatfield
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
38. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Richard Nisbett
Sunk cost
Robert Zajonc
Barrier (life space)
39. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Henry Landsberger
Compassionate love
Hawthorne effect
Social comparison
40. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Illusion of control
Door-in-the-face
41. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Vector (life space)
Compassionate love
Gain-loss theory
42. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
False consensus bias
Richard Lazarus
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Slippery slope
43. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Contact (Groups)
Bogus pipeline
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Morton Deutsch
44. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
McGuire
Equity theory
Halo effect
45. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Social loafing
Sunk cost
Social exchange theory
Group polarization
46. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Impression management
Base-rate fallacy
Pluralistic ignorance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
47. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Reactance
Social facilitation
48. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Ellen Langer
Impression management
Self-presentation
Walter Dill Scott
49. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Oversimplification
Halo effect
Philip Zimbardo
50. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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