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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Sociotechnical systems
Reciprocity of disclosure
Risky shift
Self-perception theory
2. The total influences upon individual behavior
Attribution theory
Field theory
Stuart Valins
Objective self-awareness
3. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Equity theory
bystander effect
Vector (life space)
James Stoner
4. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Paul Ekman
Compassionate love
Walter Dill Scott
Equity theory
5. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Hawthorne effect
Hazel Markus
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Illusory correlation
6. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Mere-exposure effect
Robert Zajonc
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Social support network
7. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Impression management
Valence (life space)
Henry Landsberger
Self-monitoring
8. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Irving Janis
Elaine Hatfield
Door-in-the-face
Illusion of control
9. Person who speaks out against majority
Elaine Hatfield
Dissenter
Philip Zimbardo
competition
10. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Stanley Milgram
Social support network
Daryl Bem
Attraction (in order of importance)
11. Cognitive dissonance theory
McGuire
Elaine Hatfield
Leon Festinger
Solomon Asch
12. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
M. Rokeach
competition
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Compliance
13. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Richard Nisbett
Overjustification effect
Reciprocity of disclosure
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
14. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
Reactance
Social exchange theory
Stuart Valins
15. Elaboration likelihood model
Richard Lazarus
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Sociotechnical systems
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
16. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Dissenter
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Excitation-transfer theory
Illusory correlation
17. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Ellen Langer
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Equity theory
Valence (life space)
18. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Ingroup/outgroup bias
M. Rokeach
doll preference studies
Halo effect
19. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Daryl Bem
Door-in-the-face
Pluralistic ignorance
Impression management
20. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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21. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Social Psychology
Passionate love
Halo effect
Attribution theory
22. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Halo effect
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Role
Sociotechnical systems
23. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Irving Janis
Hazel Markus
Self-serving attributional bias
Life space
24. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Elaine Hatfield
Reciprocal interaction
Base-rate fallacy
Stuart Valins
25. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Morton Deutsch
Henry Landsberger
Reciprocal interaction
Trucking company game
26. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Henry Landsberger
Cognitive dissonance theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
False consensus bias
27. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Fritz Heider
Self-presentation
Reciprocity of disclosure
Paul Ekman
28. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Impression management
Attitude
Pluralistic ignorance
Self-monitoring
29. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
Stuart Valins
Elaine Hatfield
Groupthink
30. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Self-presentation
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Representativeness heuristic
Robbers' cave experiment
31. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Passionate love
Bogus pipeline
Oversimplification
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
32. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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33. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Base-rate fallacy
Self-serving attributional bias
Norman Triplett
James Stoner
34. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Solomon Asch
Richard Nisbett
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Stanley MIlgram (study)
35. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Stuart Valins
Pluralistic ignorance
Social loafing
36. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Irving Janis
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Excitation-transfer theory
Self-serving attributional bias
37. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Slippery slope
competition
Henry Landsberger
Attraction (in order of importance)
38. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Leon Festinger
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Base-rate fallacy
Hindsight bias
39. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Social Psychology
Just world bias
Sunk cost
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
40. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
False consensus bias
Acceptance
Stuart Valins
Sleeper effect
41. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Dissenter
Attraction (in order of importance)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
42. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Stanley Milgram
Gain-loss theory
Peter principle
diffusion of responsibility
43. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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44. Theory of reasoned action
Robbers' cave experiment
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Field theory
Henry Landsberger
45. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Sociotechnical systems
Overjustification effect
deindividuation
Hazel Markus
46. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Ingroup/outgroup bias
diffusion of responsibility
Reciprocal socialization
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
47. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Stanley MIlgram (study)
diffusion of responsibility
Role
48. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Social Psychology
Self-perception theory
Group polarization
Leonard Berkowitz
49. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Barrier (life space)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Robert Zajonc
Self-presentation
50. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Trucking company game
Attitude
Sunk cost