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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Stimulus-overload theory
Compliance
Social loafing
Overjustification effect
2. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Reactance
Hawthorne effect
Oversimplification
Field theory
3. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
James Stoner
Bogus pipeline
Role
Lee Ross
4. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Conformity (types)
Reciprocal socialization
Pluralistic ignorance
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
5. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Morton Deutsch
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Base-rate fallacy
Richard Lazarus
6. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
Sunk cost
Slippery slope
Inoculation theory
7. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Availability heuristic
Reciprocity of disclosure
8. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Solomon Asch
Hazel Markus
Impression management
Reciprocal socialization
9. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
bystander effect
Stanley Milgram
Stimulus-overload theory
Acceptance
10. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Ellen Langer
Self-presentation
Solomon Asch
11. Doll preference studies
bystander effect
deindividuation
Inoculation theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
12. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Social comparison
Passionate love
Contact (Groups)
Reactance
13. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Trucking company game
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social exchange theory
Group polarization
14. Assuming most other people think as you do
Social loafing
Self-fulfilling prophecy
False consensus bias
Acceptance
15. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Social comparison
Robert Zajonc
Walter Dill Scott
Cognitive dissonance theory
16. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Peter principle
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Vector (life space)
Sociotechnical systems
17. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Cognitive dissonance theory
Risky shift
Peter principle
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
18. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Fritz Heider
Bogus pipeline
Richard Nisbett
19. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
M. Rokeach
Representativeness heuristic
Just world bias
20. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Walter Dill Scott
Risky shift
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Paul Ekman
21. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Bogus pipeline
Irving Janis
Hindsight bias
22. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Muzafer Sherif
Dissenter
Reciprocal socialization
Inoculation theory
23. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
False consensus bias
Self-monitoring
Ellen Langer
24. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Mere-exposure effect
Social Psychology
Richard Nisbett
Prisoner'S dilemma
25. The total influences upon individual behavior
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Impression management
Social Psychology
Field theory
26. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Morton Deutsch
Self-perception theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
27. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Conformity (types)
Trucking company game
Social exchange theory
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
28. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Norman Triplett
Trucking company game
Daryl Bem
Reactance
29. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Role
Hindsight bias
Self-monitoring
James Stoner
30. Person who speaks out against majority
Impression management
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Dissenter
Passionate love
31. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Sociotechnical systems
Philip Zimbardo
Self-monitoring
False consensus bias
32. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Social exchange theory
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Stuart Valins
33. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Trucking company game
Dissenter
competition
34. Groupthink
Oversimplification
Irving Janis
Gain-loss theory
Just world bias
35. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
James Stoner
Acceptance
Life space
36. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Robbers' cave experiment
Elaine Hatfield
Daryl Bem
37. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Robert Zajonc
Prisoner'S dilemma
Mere-exposure effect
Social comparison
38. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Dissenter
Acceptance
Just world bias
39. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Social facilitation
Lee Ross
McGuire
40. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Mere-exposure effect
Cognitive dissonance theory
Morton Deutsch
Compassionate love
41. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Compassionate love
Stimulus-overload theory
elaboration likelihood model
Ellen Langer
42. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Just world bias
Sociotechnical systems
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Irving Janis
43. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Compassionate love
Attraction (in order of importance)
Sociotechnical systems
False consensus bias
44. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Equity theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Social support network
bystander effect
45. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Leonard Berkowitz
Groupthink
Vector (life space)
Hazel Markus
46. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Self-presentation
Stanley Milgram
Equity theory
Social loafing
47. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
James Stoner
Actor-observer attributional divergence
diffusion of responsibility
Self-presentation
48. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Social comparison
Mere-exposure effect
Leonard Berkowitz
49. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Door-in-the-face
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Objective self-awareness
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
50. Attribution theory - balance theory
Elaine Hatfield
False consensus bias
Walter Dill Scott
Fritz Heider