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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Availability heuristic
Daryl Bem
Kurt Lewin
Reactance
2. Attribution theory - balance theory
Halo effect
Representativeness heuristic
Fritz Heider
M.J.Lerner
3. Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Inoculation theory
competition
Role
4. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Attribution theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Elaine Hatfield
5. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Cognitive dissonance theory
competition
diffusion of responsibility
Hindsight bias
6. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Social facilitation
Paul Ekman
Halo effect
Illusory correlation
7. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
deindividuation
Solomon Asch
Balance theory
8. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Fritz Heider
Stuart Valins
Conformity (types)
Risky shift
9. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Lee Ross
Reciprocal interaction
Oversimplification
Social facilitation
10. Doll preference studies
Field theory
Walter Dill Scott
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Morton Deutsch
11. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Balance theory
Pluralistic ignorance
Risky shift
Door-in-the-face
12. Cognitive dissonance theory
Stanley Milgram
Leon Festinger
Door-in-the-face
Social exchange theory
13. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Attitude
Trucking company game
Social comparison
Walter Dill Scott
14. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Dissenter
Acceptance
Norman Triplett
15. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Acceptance
Reciprocal interaction
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Self-perception theory
16. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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17. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Stuart Valins
Mere-exposure effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
18. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Solomon Asch
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
M. Rokeach
Self-perception theory
19. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
M.J.Lerner
Solomon Asch
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
doll preference studies
20. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
bystander effect
Barrier (life space)
Bogus pipeline
Irving Janis
21. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Self-serving attributional bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Social Psychology
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
22. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
bystander effect
Self-serving attributional bias
Objective self-awareness
Sociotechnical systems
23. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Richard Nisbett
Attitude
Risky shift
24. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Hazel Markus
Equity theory
Pluralistic ignorance
Inoculation theory
25. Group polarization
Stuart Valins
Vector (life space)
James Stoner
Social comparison
26. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
bystander effect
Reactance
Stanley Milgram
Passionate love
27. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Balance theory
Stimulus-overload theory
Morton Deutsch
Self-serving attributional bias
28. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Paul Ekman
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Balance theory
Acceptance
29. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Kurt Lewin
Overjustification effect
30. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Valence (life space)
deindividuation
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Reciprocal interaction
31. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
McGuire
James Stoner
Elaine Hatfield
Dissenter
32. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Door-in-the-face
Role
deindividuation
Inoculation theory
33. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Gain-loss theory
Sunk cost
Halo effect
Elaine Hatfield
34. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
bystander effect
James Stoner
Trucking company game
Reactance
35. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Excitation-transfer theory
Compassionate love
Daryl Bem
36. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Irving Janis
Reciprocal interaction
Passionate love
37. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Just world bias
Kurt Lewin
Self-serving attributional bias
Pluralistic ignorance
38. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Sleeper effect
Social Psychology
Gain-loss theory
Availability heuristic
39. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Dissenter
Elaine Hatfield
Gain-loss theory
M. Rokeach
40. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Oversimplification
Impression management
Inoculation theory
Robbers' cave experiment
41. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Compassionate love
Solomon Asch
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Actor-observer attributional divergence
42. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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43. Assuming most other people think as you do
Acceptance
False consensus bias
Social comparison
Self-fulfilling prophecy
44. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Self-serving attributional bias
Gain-loss theory
Attitude
M.J.Lerner
45. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Life space
Self-presentation
Halo effect
Henry Landsberger
46. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Sunk cost
Balance theory
Walter Dill Scott
Representativeness heuristic
47. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Overjustification effect
Self-perception theory
diffusion of responsibility
Reactance
48. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Halo effect
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Self-presentation
49. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Equity theory
Groupthink
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Actor-observer attributional divergence
50. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Bogus pipeline
Morton Deutsch
Stuart Valins