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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Illusory correlation
Impression management
Acceptance
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
2. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Groupthink
Compliance
False consensus bias
Pluralistic ignorance
3. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Leonard Berkowitz
Just world bias
Impression management
Overjustification effect
4. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Robbers' cave experiment
Excitation-transfer theory
Muzafer Sherif
5. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Pluralistic ignorance
Sunk cost
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Morton Deutsch
6. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Conformity (types)
Risky shift
Ellen Langer
Mere-exposure effect
7. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Robbers' cave experiment
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Role
8. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Hazel Markus
doll preference studies
Morton Deutsch
Base-rate fallacy
9. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Sleeper effect
deindividuation
Richard Lazarus
bystander effect
10. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Acceptance
Sociotechnical systems
Self-monitoring
11. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Passionate love
Overjustification effect
Attribution theory
diffusion of responsibility
12. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Cognitive dissonance theory
Role
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Slippery slope
13. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Mere-exposure effect
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Hazel Markus
14. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Fritz Heider
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Availability heuristic
doll preference studies
15. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Door-in-the-face
Objective self-awareness
Sunk cost
Vector (life space)
16. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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17. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Life space
Contact (Groups)
Ellen Langer
18. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Slippery slope
Self-monitoring
Bogus pipeline
Gain-loss theory
19. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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20. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Conformity (types)
Muzafer Sherif
Richard Nisbett
Halo effect
21. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Social exchange theory
Social Psychology
Passionate love
Hazel Markus
22. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Fritz Heider
Illusory correlation
Door-in-the-face
23. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Peter principle
Henry Landsberger
Philip Zimbardo
Social loafing
24. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Risky shift
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Life space
Valence (life space)
25. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Hazel Markus
Sunk cost
Irving Janis
Social Psychology
26. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Leonard Berkowitz
Oversimplification
Social comparison
Reciprocal socialization
27. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Bogus pipeline
Overjustification effect
Hawthorne effect
Fritz Heider
28. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Robert Zajonc
Groupthink
Social support network
Social comparison
29. Theory of reasoned action
M.J.Lerner
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Door-in-the-face
Mere-exposure effect
30. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Muzafer Sherif
Stimulus-overload theory
Daryl Bem
31. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
M. Rokeach
Barrier (life space)
Illusion of control
32. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Door-in-the-face
diffusion of responsibility
Attitude
Compliance
33. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Reciprocal socialization
Attribution theory
Sunk cost
elaboration likelihood model
34. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Walter Dill Scott
Conformity (types)
Balance theory
35. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Robbers' cave experiment
Paul Ekman
Representativeness heuristic
36. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
James Stoner
Contact (Groups)
Fritz Heider
Valence (life space)
37. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Valence (life space)
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Robbers' cave experiment
38. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Stimulus-overload theory
Social facilitation
competition
39. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Paul Ekman
Balance theory
Leon Festinger
Robert Zajonc
40. Hawthorne effect
Dissenter
Oversimplification
Henry Landsberger
Actor-observer attributional divergence
41. Groupthink
Excitation-transfer theory
Irving Janis
elaboration likelihood model
Leonard Berkowitz
42. Self-perception theory
Social loafing
Daryl Bem
Reciprocity of disclosure
Social Psychology
43. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Contact (Groups)
Impression management
Objective self-awareness
Social exchange theory
44. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Leon Festinger
Impression management
M. Rokeach
45. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Overjustification effect
Social exchange theory
Social Psychology
James Stoner
46. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Social support network
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Self-perception theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
47. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
M.J.Lerner
Norman Triplett
Compassionate love
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
48. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Leon Festinger
Reciprocity of disclosure
Kurt Lewin
Oversimplification
49. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Stimulus-overload theory
Valence (life space)
Availability heuristic
doll preference studies
50. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Oversimplification
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Ellen Langer
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