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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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2. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Norman Triplett
Compliance
doll preference studies
Social comparison
3. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Self-perception theory
Just world bias
doll preference studies
Muzafer Sherif
4. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Reciprocal interaction
Mere-exposure effect
Door-in-the-face
Hindsight bias
5. Doll preference studies
Self-perception theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Leonard Berkowitz
Barrier (life space)
6. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Sunk cost
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Risky shift
Social Psychology
7. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Social support network
Field theory
Robert Zajonc
Bogus pipeline
8. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Muzafer Sherif
Walter Dill Scott
Overjustification effect
Bogus pipeline
9. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Social comparison
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Oversimplification
Lee Ross
10. Person who speaks out against majority
Peter principle
Dissenter
Social exchange theory
Robert Zajonc
11. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Richard Lazarus
12. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Hazel Markus
Mere-exposure effect
Representativeness heuristic
Compliance
13. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Social support network
Vector (life space)
Walter Dill Scott
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
14. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Risky shift
Trucking company game
Illusory correlation
Availability heuristic
15. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reciprocal socialization
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Richard Lazarus
Philip Zimbardo
16. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Daryl Bem
Inoculation theory
Conformity (types)
Sociotechnical systems
17. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Attitude
Passionate love
Trucking company game
J. Rodin and E. Langer
18. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Hawthorne effect
False consensus bias
Hindsight bias
Just world bias
19. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Oversimplification
Bogus pipeline
diffusion of responsibility
Role
20. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
James Stoner
Sociotechnical systems
Elaine Hatfield
Risky shift
21. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
competition
bystander effect
22. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Muzafer Sherif
Acceptance
Sunk cost
Life space
23. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Philip Zimbardo
McGuire
Valence (life space)
Self-presentation
24. Illusion of control
Reciprocal socialization
Philip Zimbardo
Ellen Langer
Objective self-awareness
25. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Attitude
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Paul Ekman
Oversimplification
26. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Irving Janis
Compliance
Social exchange theory
Self-monitoring
27. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social comparison
Field theory
Attitude
Impression management
28. Attribution theory - balance theory
Barrier (life space)
Hazel Markus
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Fritz Heider
29. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
M.J.Lerner
Morton Deutsch
Cognitive dissonance theory
Paul Ekman
30. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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31. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Groupthink
Overjustification effect
Slippery slope
Gain-loss theory
32. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Bogus pipeline
M.J.Lerner
Field theory
Attribution theory
33. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Stimulus-overload theory
Overjustification effect
Dissenter
Compliance
34. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Self-serving attributional bias
Barrier (life space)
doll preference studies
35. Group polarization
James Stoner
Illusion of control
Attribution theory
Vector (life space)
36. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Self-monitoring
Social facilitation
Mere-exposure effect
Slippery slope
37. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Elaine Hatfield
competition
Norman Triplett
38. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
M. Rokeach
Valence (life space)
Halo effect
Sociotechnical systems
39. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
elaboration likelihood model
Ellen Langer
Bogus pipeline
Excitation-transfer theory
40. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Social loafing
False consensus bias
Norman Triplett
Halo effect
41. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Mere-exposure effect
Social loafing
42. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Social loafing
Social exchange theory
Philip Zimbardo
Reactance
43. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Ellen Langer
Henry Landsberger
Balance theory
44. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Vector (life space)
Attribution theory
doll preference studies
45. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Dissenter
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Sunk cost
Risky shift
46. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Trucking company game
Lee Ross
Norman Triplett
Ingroup/outgroup bias
47. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Hazel Markus
Dissenter
Fritz Heider
48. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Leonard Berkowitz
deindividuation
Gain-loss theory
Attribution theory
49. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Hawthorne effect
Field theory
Vector (life space)
Richard Nisbett
50. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Balance theory
Stanley Milgram
Impression management
Frustration-aggression hypothesis