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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






2. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






3. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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4. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






5. Cognitive dissonance theory






6. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






7. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






8. Self-perception theory






9. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






10. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






11. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






12. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






13. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






14. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






15. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






16. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






17. Theory of reasoned action






18. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






19. Hawthorne effect






20. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






21. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






22. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






23. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






24. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






25. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






26. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






27. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






28. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






29. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






30. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






31. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






32. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






33. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






34. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






35. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






36. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






37. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






38. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






39. Group polarization






40. Just world bias






41. Attribution theory - balance theory






42. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






43. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






44. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






45. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






46. Groupthink






47. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






48. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






49. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






50. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment







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