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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






2. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






3. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






4. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






5. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






6. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






7. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






8. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






9. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






10. Groupthink






11. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






12. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






13. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






14. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






15. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






16. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






17. Attribution theory - balance theory






18. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






19. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






20. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






21. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






22. Elaboration likelihood model






23. Illusion of control






24. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






25. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






26. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






27. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






28. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






29. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






30. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






31. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






32. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






33. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






34. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






35. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






36. Theory of reasoned action






37. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






38. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






39. Assuming most other people think as you do






40. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






41. Inoculation theory






42. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






43. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






44. Person who speaks out against majority






45. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






46. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






47. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






48. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






49. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






50. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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