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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






2. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






3. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






4. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






5. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






6. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






7. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






8. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






9. Groupthink






10. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






11. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






12. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






13. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






14. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






15. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






16. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






17. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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18. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






19. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






20. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






21. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






22. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






23. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






24. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






25. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






26. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






27. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






28. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






29. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






30. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






31. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






32. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






33. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






34. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






35. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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36. Just world bias






37. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






38. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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39. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






40. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






41. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






42. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






43. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






44. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






45. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






46. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






47. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






48. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






49. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






50. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree