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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Person who speaks out against majority
Pluralistic ignorance
Vector (life space)
Illusion of control
Dissenter
2. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Hawthorne effect
M.J.Lerner
Hazel Markus
3. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Overjustification effect
Passionate love
Vector (life space)
Equity theory
4. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Elaine Hatfield
Field theory
Balance theory
Self-monitoring
5. Inoculation theory
Compliance
James Stoner
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
McGuire
6. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Self-monitoring
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Groupthink
Illusory correlation
7. Theory of reasoned action
Groupthink
Mere-exposure effect
Balance theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
8. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Field theory
Richard Nisbett
Attraction (in order of importance)
Halo effect
9. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Acceptance
Vector (life space)
Robbers' cave experiment
Ingroup/outgroup bias
10. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Reactance
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Reciprocal interaction
11. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Reciprocity of disclosure
M.J.Lerner
Groupthink
12. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Groupthink
Trucking company game
Richard Nisbett
13. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
doll preference studies
Morton Deutsch
Harold Kelley
14. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Sunk cost
Social comparison
Attitude
Reciprocal socialization
15. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Sunk cost
J. Rodin and E. Langer
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Hindsight bias
16. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Pluralistic ignorance
Daryl Bem
Reciprocity of disclosure
17. Doll preference studies
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Door-in-the-face
Objective self-awareness
18. Elaboration likelihood model
Social comparison
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Reciprocal socialization
Social exchange theory
19. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Self-monitoring
Sociotechnical systems
Availability heuristic
bystander effect
20. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Life space
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Paul Ekman
21. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Mere-exposure effect
Henry Landsberger
Representativeness heuristic
22. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Cognitive dissonance theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Bogus pipeline
Leonard Berkowitz
23. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Philip Zimbardo
Lee Ross
Field theory
Hazel Markus
24. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Stanley Milgram
Role
Morton Deutsch
Actor-observer attributional divergence
25. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Mere-exposure effect
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Stuart Valins
26. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Attraction (in order of importance)
Richard Lazarus
Life space
Passionate love
27. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Social facilitation
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Muzafer Sherif
Reciprocal interaction
28. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Paul Ekman
Halo effect
Stanley Milgram
Self-perception theory
29. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Groupthink
Leon Festinger
Excitation-transfer theory
Social exchange theory
30. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Norman Triplett
Social loafing
Morton Deutsch
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
31. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Self-perception theory
Paul Ekman
Richard Nisbett
doll preference studies
32. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Bogus pipeline
Elaine Hatfield
Reactance
Philip Zimbardo
33. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Peter principle
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Ellen Langer
diffusion of responsibility
34. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Muzafer Sherif
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Slippery slope
35. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Life space
Balance theory
Social loafing
Self-perception theory
36. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Irving Janis
competition
Halo effect
Stuart Valins
37. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Kurt Lewin
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Halo effect
38. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Field theory
McGuire
Self-presentation
J. Rodin and E. Langer
39. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Acceptance
competition
Irving Janis
Passionate love
40. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Social exchange theory
Role
Morton Deutsch
Illusion of control
41. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-presentation
Passionate love
Self-serving attributional bias
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
42. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Elaine Hatfield
Stuart Valins
Harold Kelley
False consensus bias
43. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Slippery slope
deindividuation
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Gain-loss theory
44. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Self-perception theory
Richard Lazarus
Morton Deutsch
Richard Nisbett
45. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Vector (life space)
Robert Zajonc
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
46. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Richard Nisbett
Gain-loss theory
Just world bias
Impression management
47. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Elaine Hatfield
deindividuation
Slippery slope
Leonard Berkowitz
48. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Elaine Hatfield
competition
Philip Zimbardo
Sunk cost
49. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Equity theory
Overjustification effect
Self-presentation
Valence (life space)
50. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Valence (life space)
Sleeper effect
Social support network
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen