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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Groups take greater risks than individuals
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Risky shift
Hindsight bias
Attitude
2. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Muzafer Sherif
Self-monitoring
Morton Deutsch
3. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Attribution theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Representativeness heuristic
Door-in-the-face
4. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
5. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Richard Nisbett
Morton Deutsch
Hazel Markus
6. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Sunk cost
Solomon Asch
Reciprocal interaction
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
7. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Self-perception theory
Peter principle
Mere-exposure effect
James Stoner
8. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
False consensus bias
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Solomon Asch
Attraction (in order of importance)
9. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Balance theory
Life space
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Cognitive dissonance theory
10. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Norman Triplett
Attraction (in order of importance)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Passionate love
11. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Attitude
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Stuart Valins
Impression management
12. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Stanley Milgram
Illusory correlation
Lee Ross
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
13. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Robert Zajonc
Attribution theory
Muzafer Sherif
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
14. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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15. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Harold Kelley
Reciprocal socialization
elaboration likelihood model
Solomon Asch
16. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Trucking company game
Reactance
17. Groupthink
Leonard Berkowitz
Illusory correlation
Reciprocal interaction
Irving Janis
18. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Halo effect
Norman Triplett
Bogus pipeline
Self-serving attributional bias
19. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Slippery slope
Leonard Berkowitz
Robbers' cave experiment
20. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Kurt Lewin
Irving Janis
Sunk cost
Richard Lazarus
21. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Hindsight bias
Contact (Groups)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Sleeper effect
22. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
False consensus bias
Richard Lazarus
Hindsight bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
23. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Self-perception theory
Compliance
Actor-observer attributional divergence
24. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
James Stoner
Gain-loss theory
Base-rate fallacy
25. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Compliance
Norman Triplett
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
26. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-monitoring
Groupthink
Reciprocal socialization
27. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Trucking company game
Harold Kelley
Leon Festinger
Halo effect
28. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Overjustification effect
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Trucking company game
Morton Deutsch
29. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
doll preference studies
Acceptance
Contact (Groups)
Social Psychology
30. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Passionate love
Norman Triplett
Kurt Lewin
Representativeness heuristic
31. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Richard Nisbett
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Group polarization
Oversimplification
32. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Objective self-awareness
Valence (life space)
elaboration likelihood model
Self-perception theory
33. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Base-rate fallacy
Role
34. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Self-monitoring
Hazel Markus
Representativeness heuristic
Excitation-transfer theory
35. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Base-rate fallacy
Oversimplification
Social exchange theory
Contact (Groups)
36. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Peter principle
Social facilitation
Reciprocity of disclosure
Solomon Asch
37. Doll preference studies
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Social exchange theory
Conformity (types)
Valence (life space)
38. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Attribution theory
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Group polarization
Robert Zajonc
39. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Paul Ekman
Irving Janis
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Compliance
40. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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41. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Harold Kelley
False consensus bias
Group polarization
Self-perception theory
42. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Self-monitoring
Barrier (life space)
Base-rate fallacy
Self-perception theory
43. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Philip Zimbardo
Trucking company game
Stuart Valins
Cognitive dissonance theory
44. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Oversimplification
Balance theory
Richard Nisbett
45. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Social support network
Leon Festinger
Richard Nisbett
46. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Conformity (types)
Hazel Markus
Robbers' cave experiment
Attribution theory
47. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Mere-exposure effect
Philip Zimbardo
Attribution theory
48. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Sleeper effect
Harold Kelley
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
diffusion of responsibility
49. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Social Psychology
Cognitive dissonance theory
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Field theory
50. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Hazel Markus
Barrier (life space)
Halo effect
Lee Ross