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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attribution theory - balance theory
Hindsight bias
Reciprocal socialization
Leon Festinger
Fritz Heider
2. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Bogus pipeline
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Availability heuristic
Equity theory
3. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Walter Dill Scott
doll preference studies
Norman Triplett
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
4. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Attitude
competition
Attraction (in order of importance)
Ellen Langer
5. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Harold Kelley
Muzafer Sherif
Illusory correlation
Contact (Groups)
6. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Sunk cost
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Compassionate love
7. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
James Stoner
deindividuation
Muzafer Sherif
Walter Dill Scott
8. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Inoculation theory
Objective self-awareness
Richard Lazarus
Pluralistic ignorance
9. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Reciprocity of disclosure
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
competition
10. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Trucking company game
Self-perception theory
Attribution theory
M. Rokeach
11. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Reciprocal socialization
Walter Dill Scott
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Cognitive dissonance theory
12. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
competition
Representativeness heuristic
Groupthink
Sociotechnical systems
13. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Harold Kelley
Stanley Milgram
Hawthorne effect
Vector (life space)
14. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
Social Psychology
Reciprocal socialization
15. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Reciprocal interaction
Henry Landsberger
Acceptance
16. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Illusory correlation
Valence (life space)
Trucking company game
17. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Base-rate fallacy
Norman Triplett
Solomon Asch
Sunk cost
18. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
Attitude
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Groupthink
19. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
elaboration likelihood model
Door-in-the-face
Mere-exposure effect
Passionate love
20. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Social facilitation
Compliance
Social support network
21. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Hazel Markus
Representativeness heuristic
Reciprocity of disclosure
22. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Philip Zimbardo
Balance theory
deindividuation
Social Psychology
23. Group polarization
Social comparison
James Stoner
Group polarization
Leon Festinger
24. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Mere-exposure effect
Hindsight bias
Henry Landsberger
Daryl Bem
25. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Sunk cost
Pluralistic ignorance
Illusion of control
Reciprocal socialization
26. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Vector (life space)
Overjustification effect
Halo effect
elaboration likelihood model
27. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
competition
Conformity (types)
Self-serving attributional bias
Compassionate love
28. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Peter principle
Daryl Bem
Role
Stimulus-overload theory
29. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
Attribution theory
Stimulus-overload theory
Irving Janis
30. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Philip Zimbardo
Compassionate love
Impression management
Excitation-transfer theory
31. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
False consensus bias
Illusory correlation
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Groupthink
32. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Excitation-transfer theory
Slippery slope
Sleeper effect
Kurt Lewin
33. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Illusory correlation
Ellen Langer
Acceptance
Equity theory
34. Cognitive dissonance theory
McGuire
Walter Dill Scott
Leon Festinger
Social exchange theory
35. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Social loafing
Stimulus-overload theory
Pluralistic ignorance
Solomon Asch
36. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Hindsight bias
Stanley Milgram
Social loafing
Henry Landsberger
37. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Paul Ekman
Daryl Bem
Harold Kelley
Bogus pipeline
38. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Leonard Berkowitz
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
False consensus bias
Excitation-transfer theory
39. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Norman Triplett
M. Rokeach
deindividuation
Conformity (types)
40. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Pluralistic ignorance
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Self-perception theory
41. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Door-in-the-face
Social exchange theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Muzafer Sherif
42. Doll preference studies
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Sunk cost
Walter Dill Scott
Halo effect
43. Illusion of control
Robert Zajonc
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Ellen Langer
44. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Attraction (in order of importance)
Elaine Hatfield
James Stoner
Slippery slope
45. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Bogus pipeline
Self-presentation
Trucking company game
Richard Nisbett
46. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
doll preference studies
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Henry Landsberger
competition
47. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Availability heuristic
Attitude
Social facilitation
Mere-exposure effect
48. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Excitation-transfer theory
Barrier (life space)
Just world bias
Equity theory
49. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Richard Lazarus
Reciprocal socialization
Prisoner'S dilemma
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
50. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
McGuire
Attribution theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)