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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Life space
Illusion of control
Pluralistic ignorance
Illusory correlation
2. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Sleeper effect
Just world bias
Reciprocal interaction
Bogus pipeline
3. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Hawthorne effect
Acceptance
Cognitive dissonance theory
Attitude
4. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Barrier (life space)
Social Psychology
Ellen Langer
Social exchange theory
5. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Balance theory
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Cognitive dissonance theory
Passionate love
6. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Social comparison
Hindsight bias
Group polarization
Overjustification effect
7. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Sociotechnical systems
Representativeness heuristic
Peter principle
Leon Festinger
8. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-serving attributional bias
Oversimplification
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Stimulus-overload theory
9. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Cognitive dissonance theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Inoculation theory
Overjustification effect
10. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
deindividuation
bystander effect
Bogus pipeline
Reactance
11. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
elaboration likelihood model
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Daryl Bem
Stuart Valins
12. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Social loafing
Trucking company game
Just world bias
Slippery slope
13. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Valence (life space)
Pluralistic ignorance
Actor-observer attributional divergence
doll preference studies
14. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
competition
Attribution theory
Compliance
Social loafing
15. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
elaboration likelihood model
Trucking company game
Balance theory
Self-monitoring
16. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Oversimplification
competition
Daryl Bem
17. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
competition
Halo effect
Self-presentation
18. Inoculation theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Richard Nisbett
James Stoner
McGuire
19. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Attraction (in order of importance)
Morton Deutsch
Field theory
Hindsight bias
20. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Fritz Heider
Robbers' cave experiment
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Door-in-the-face
21. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
Irving Janis
Social Psychology
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
22. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
McGuire
Impression management
Objective self-awareness
diffusion of responsibility
23. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Self-presentation
Barrier (life space)
McGuire
24. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Reactance
Sociotechnical systems
Harold Kelley
Morton Deutsch
25. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Vector (life space)
Henry Landsberger
Richard Nisbett
Stanley Milgram
26. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Kurt Lewin
Robert Zajonc
Acceptance
Solomon Asch
27. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Group polarization
Robert Zajonc
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Leonard Berkowitz
28. Assuming most other people think as you do
Social comparison
competition
False consensus bias
Henry Landsberger
29. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Vector (life space)
Mere-exposure effect
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Elaine Hatfield
30. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Leonard Berkowitz
James Stoner
Contact (Groups)
Social exchange theory
31. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
bystander effect
Stuart Valins
M.J.Lerner
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
32. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Social support network
Richard Lazarus
Attraction (in order of importance)
33. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Walter Dill Scott
James Stoner
Stanley Milgram
Mere-exposure effect
34. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
diffusion of responsibility
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Passionate love
35. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social comparison
Robbers' cave experiment
Social support network
Contact (Groups)
36. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Illusion of control
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Peter principle
Philip Zimbardo
37. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Inoculation theory
Paul Ekman
Equity theory
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
38. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Attribution theory
competition
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
39. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Stanley Milgram
Morton Deutsch
40. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Illusory correlation
Valence (life space)
Inoculation theory
Mere-exposure effect
41. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Attitude
Leon Festinger
Excitation-transfer theory
Robert Zajonc
42. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Hindsight bias
bystander effect
Sociotechnical systems
Self-perception theory
43. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Kurt Lewin
Self-monitoring
Compliance
Paul Ekman
44. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Representativeness heuristic
Passionate love
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Attraction (in order of importance)
45. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Impression management
McGuire
Elaine Hatfield
Cognitive dissonance theory
46. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Stuart Valins
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Mere-exposure effect
Self-fulfilling prophecy
47. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Self-perception theory
Sunk cost
Lee Ross
Balance theory
48. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Social facilitation
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Role
Objective self-awareness
49. Illusion of control
Sociotechnical systems
Compassionate love
Henry Landsberger
Ellen Langer
50. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Barrier (life space)
diffusion of responsibility
Social facilitation
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