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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Oversimplification
Self-serving attributional bias
Henry Landsberger
Robert Zajonc
2. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Trucking company game
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
M. Rokeach
3. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Social support network
diffusion of responsibility
Mere-exposure effect
4. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Bogus pipeline
Illusion of control
Paul Ekman
Impression management
5. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Robbers' cave experiment
Objective self-awareness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Fritz Heider
6. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Sociotechnical systems
Illusory correlation
Social comparison
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
7. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Norman Triplett
Pluralistic ignorance
Inoculation theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
8. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Availability heuristic
Cognitive dissonance theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Acceptance
9. Theory of reasoned action
Dissenter
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Risky shift
diffusion of responsibility
10. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Life space
Attraction (in order of importance)
Social comparison
Excitation-transfer theory
11. Elaboration likelihood model
Muzafer Sherif
Lee Ross
deindividuation
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
12. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Philip Zimbardo
Muzafer Sherif
Vector (life space)
McGuire
13. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
M.J.Lerner
Contact (Groups)
Prisoner'S dilemma
doll preference studies
14. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Leonard Berkowitz
Impression management
Availability heuristic
Lee Ross
15. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Prisoner'S dilemma
Ellen Langer
doll preference studies
Richard Lazarus
16. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Barrier (life space)
Reactance
Richard Lazarus
Stanley MIlgram (study)
17. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Hawthorne effect
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Solomon Asch
Self-perception theory
18. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Valence (life space)
Elaine Hatfield
Reactance
19. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Compassionate love
diffusion of responsibility
Attitude
Door-in-the-face
20. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Self-serving attributional bias
Impression management
Self-presentation
Sunk cost
21. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Social comparison
Overjustification effect
Lee Ross
22. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Stuart Valins
Group polarization
Illusory correlation
Mere-exposure effect
23. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Social exchange theory
Lee Ross
Field theory
Social support network
24. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Overjustification effect
Door-in-the-face
25. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Solomon Asch
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Hindsight bias
26. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Prisoner'S dilemma
Mere-exposure effect
Attitude
Cognitive dissonance theory
27. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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28. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Just world bias
diffusion of responsibility
Lee Ross
29. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
M.J.Lerner
False consensus bias
Halo effect
30. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
elaboration likelihood model
Self-presentation
Stuart Valins
Peter principle
31. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Self-serving attributional bias
Halo effect
elaboration likelihood model
competition
32. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Availability heuristic
Robert Zajonc
33. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Trucking company game
M. Rokeach
Overjustification effect
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
34. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Morton Deutsch
Robbers' cave experiment
Leonard Berkowitz
Excitation-transfer theory
35. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Robert Zajonc
Daryl Bem
Gain-loss theory
36. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Barrier (life space)
Solomon Asch
Cognitive dissonance theory
Just world bias
37. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Kurt Lewin
Base-rate fallacy
Social facilitation
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
38. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Compassionate love
Overjustification effect
Equity theory
competition
39. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Ellen Langer
Harold Kelley
Walter Dill Scott
Objective self-awareness
40. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Harold Kelley
Base-rate fallacy
41. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Availability heuristic
Role
Valence (life space)
Compassionate love
42. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Social Psychology
Stuart Valins
Richard Lazarus
Vector (life space)
43. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Base-rate fallacy
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Attitude
Passionate love
44. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Door-in-the-face
Pluralistic ignorance
Henry Landsberger
45. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Leon Festinger
Morton Deutsch
Social exchange theory
Lee Ross
46. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Conformity (types)
Hazel Markus
Excitation-transfer theory
diffusion of responsibility
47. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Acceptance
Overjustification effect
Ellen Langer
48. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Harold Kelley
Reciprocal interaction
Sleeper effect
49. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Social facilitation
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Kurt Lewin
50. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Passionate love
Muzafer Sherif
Dissenter
Mere-exposure effect