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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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2. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






3. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






4. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






5. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






6. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






7. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






8. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






9. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






10. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






11. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






12. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






13. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






14. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






15. Just world bias






16. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






17. Groups take greater risks than individuals






18. Inoculation theory






19. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






20. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






21. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






22. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






23. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






24. Theory of reasoned action






25. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






26. The total influences upon individual behavior






27. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






28. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






29. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






30. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






31. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






32. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






33. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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34. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






35. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






36. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






37. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






38. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






39. Illusion of control






40. Self-perception theory






41. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






42. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






43. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






44. Assuming most other people think as you do






45. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






46. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






47. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






48. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






49. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






50. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable