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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Social Psychology
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Social exchange theory
2. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
Pluralistic ignorance
Hawthorne effect
Illusion of control
3. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Sleeper effect
Philip Zimbardo
Peter principle
Equity theory
4. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Robbers' cave experiment
Illusory correlation
Henry Landsberger
Sociotechnical systems
5. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Reciprocal interaction
Role
Reciprocity of disclosure
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
6. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
James Stoner
Self-serving attributional bias
Irving Janis
Objective self-awareness
7. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
Ellen Langer
Gain-loss theory
Henry Landsberger
8. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
M.J.Lerner
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Reciprocity of disclosure
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
9. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Base-rate fallacy
Morton Deutsch
Self-monitoring
Self-serving attributional bias
10. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
doll preference studies
Philip Zimbardo
Reciprocity of disclosure
Sunk cost
11. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Cognitive dissonance theory
elaboration likelihood model
Richard Nisbett
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
12. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Social Psychology
doll preference studies
Impression management
13. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
diffusion of responsibility
competition
Barrier (life space)
Paul Ekman
14. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
deindividuation
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Group polarization
15. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Balance theory
Leon Festinger
Social loafing
Sleeper effect
16. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
diffusion of responsibility
competition
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
17. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Life space
Paul Ekman
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Groupthink
18. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Leonard Berkowitz
False consensus bias
Walter Dill Scott
Social support network
19. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Trucking company game
Reactance
bystander effect
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
20. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
M. Rokeach
Stimulus-overload theory
Compliance
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
21. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Sleeper effect
M.J.Lerner
Equity theory
Reciprocal interaction
22. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Slippery slope
Reciprocal interaction
False consensus bias
23. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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24. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Mere-exposure effect
Just world bias
Field theory
Contact (Groups)
25. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Excitation-transfer theory
Dissenter
Role
Reciprocal socialization
26. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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27. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Valence (life space)
Social facilitation
Group polarization
Base-rate fallacy
28. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Door-in-the-face
Just world bias
Life space
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
29. Elaboration likelihood model
Objective self-awareness
Leon Festinger
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Just world bias
30. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Elaine Hatfield
Availability heuristic
Hawthorne effect
Role
31. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Peter principle
Pluralistic ignorance
doll preference studies
Social comparison
32. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Valence (life space)
Reciprocal interaction
Availability heuristic
Solomon Asch
33. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Hazel Markus
Richard Lazarus
Self-perception theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
34. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Social exchange theory
competition
Harold Kelley
Representativeness heuristic
35. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Valence (life space)
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Door-in-the-face
Reciprocity of disclosure
36. The total influences upon individual behavior
Field theory
Reciprocal socialization
Gain-loss theory
Irving Janis
37. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Gain-loss theory
Passionate love
Norman Triplett
Social facilitation
38. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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39. Self-perception theory
Compliance
Daryl Bem
Attribution theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
40. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Risky shift
Illusory correlation
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
41. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Halo effect
competition
Gain-loss theory
Compliance
42. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Equity theory
Oversimplification
Leonard Berkowitz
Paul Ekman
43. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
False consensus bias
Hindsight bias
Pluralistic ignorance
Slippery slope
44. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
elaboration likelihood model
Conformity (types)
Social loafing
Leon Festinger
45. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Self-presentation
Leonard Berkowitz
deindividuation
46. Assuming most other people think as you do
diffusion of responsibility
False consensus bias
Bogus pipeline
Acceptance
47. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Sleeper effect
deindividuation
Reciprocal socialization
Illusory correlation
48. Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Fritz Heider
Social support network
doll preference studies
49. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Fritz Heider
Norman Triplett
Sunk cost
Trucking company game
50. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Pluralistic ignorance
Inoculation theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
Harold Kelley
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