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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






2. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






3. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






4. Self-perception theory






5. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






6. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






7. Hawthorne effect






8. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






9. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






10. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






11. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






12. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game


13. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument


14. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






15. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






16. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






17. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






18. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






19. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






20. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






21. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






22. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






23. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






24. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






25. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






26. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






27. Doll preference studies






28. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






29. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






30. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






31. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






32. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






33. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






34. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






35. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






36. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






37. Cognitive dissonance theory






38. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






39. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






40. Attribution theory - balance theory






41. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






42. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






43. Groups take greater risks than individuals






44. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






45. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






46. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






47. Group polarization






48. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






49. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






50. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge