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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






2. Just world bias






3. Cognitive dissonance theory






4. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






5. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






6. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






7. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






8. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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9. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






10. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






11. Assuming most other people think as you do






12. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






13. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






14. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






15. Attribution theory - balance theory






16. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






17. Group polarization






18. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






19. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






20. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






21. Illusion of control






22. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






23. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






24. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






25. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






26. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






27. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






28. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






29. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






30. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






31. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






32. Person who speaks out against majority






33. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






34. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






35. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






36. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






37. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






38. Doll preference studies






39. Inoculation theory






40. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






41. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






42. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






43. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






44. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






45. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






46. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






47. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






48. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






49. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






50. Elaboration likelihood model