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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Reciprocity of disclosure
Kurt Lewin
Objective self-awareness
Valence (life space)
2. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Valence (life space)
doll preference studies
Halo effect
Hindsight bias
3. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Philip Zimbardo
Stuart Valins
Self-fulfilling prophecy
4. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Solomon Asch
Reciprocity of disclosure
Stuart Valins
5. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Richard Nisbett
Self-presentation
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Solomon Asch
6. Theory of reasoned action
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Pluralistic ignorance
Irving Janis
Kurt Lewin
7. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Base-rate fallacy
Oversimplification
Inoculation theory
8. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
James Stoner
Social loafing
Philip Zimbardo
9. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
doll preference studies
Harold Kelley
Compliance
Irving Janis
10. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Valence (life space)
Stanley Milgram
Self-presentation
Trucking company game
11. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Stimulus-overload theory
Walter Dill Scott
Self-fulfilling prophecy
12. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Barrier (life space)
Gain-loss theory
Richard Lazarus
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
13. Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
Muzafer Sherif
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
14. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
doll preference studies
Leonard Berkowitz
Just world bias
Prisoner'S dilemma
15. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Hawthorne effect
Social exchange theory
Base-rate fallacy
M.J.Lerner
16. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Just world bias
Illusory correlation
Attraction (in order of importance)
17. Assuming most other people think as you do
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Inoculation theory
False consensus bias
Self-perception theory
18. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Dissenter
Social loafing
Hawthorne effect
competition
19. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Social facilitation
competition
Trucking company game
20. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Equity theory
Just world bias
Ellen Langer
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
21. The total influences upon individual behavior
Representativeness heuristic
Field theory
Sociotechnical systems
Robbers' cave experiment
22. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Representativeness heuristic
Slippery slope
Hawthorne effect
Richard Nisbett
23. Group polarization
Richard Nisbett
Pluralistic ignorance
Oversimplification
James Stoner
24. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Cognitive dissonance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
doll preference studies
Leonard Berkowitz
25. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Elaine Hatfield
Halo effect
Self-perception theory
26. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Social Psychology
Attribution theory
Sunk cost
27. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Leonard Berkowitz
Group polarization
Acceptance
Hawthorne effect
28. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Trucking company game
Walter Dill Scott
Sunk cost
Actor-observer attributional divergence
29. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Richard Nisbett
Social exchange theory
Hindsight bias
30. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Elaine Hatfield
Stanley Milgram
Daryl Bem
Leon Festinger
31. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Peter principle
Vector (life space)
Norman Triplett
Illusion of control
32. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Robert Zajonc
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Inoculation theory
33. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Daryl Bem
Norman Triplett
Pluralistic ignorance
Prisoner'S dilemma
34. Elaboration likelihood model
Self-presentation
Inoculation theory
competition
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
35. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Availability heuristic
Lee Ross
Norman Triplett
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
36. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
37. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Halo effect
Self-perception theory
Muzafer Sherif
38. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Gain-loss theory
Philip Zimbardo
Richard Lazarus
elaboration likelihood model
39. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Kurt Lewin
Objective self-awareness
elaboration likelihood model
Reciprocal socialization
40. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
41. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Sleeper effect
Slippery slope
Valence (life space)
Life space
42. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Reactance
Equity theory
Illusory correlation
Leonard Berkowitz
43. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Pluralistic ignorance
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Muzafer Sherif
Objective self-awareness
44. Inoculation theory
False consensus bias
McGuire
Reactance
Field theory
45. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Halo effect
Richard Nisbett
Cognitive dissonance theory
Valence (life space)
46. Person who speaks out against majority
Dissenter
Compassionate love
Trucking company game
Self-fulfilling prophecy
47. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
M.J.Lerner
M. Rokeach
Robert Zajonc
Mere-exposure effect
48. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Social comparison
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Compliance
Acceptance
49. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Sunk cost
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
elaboration likelihood model
Bogus pipeline
50. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Reciprocal interaction
Sociotechnical systems
Irving Janis