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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Assuming most other people think as you do
False consensus bias
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Prisoner'S dilemma
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
2. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Inoculation theory
Self-monitoring
Passionate love
Mere-exposure effect
3. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Self-monitoring
Kurt Lewin
4. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Stuart Valins
Barrier (life space)
Field theory
Objective self-awareness
5. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Social support network
Reactance
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Pluralistic ignorance
6. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Muzafer Sherif
Gain-loss theory
False consensus bias
Richard Lazarus
7. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Risky shift
Peter principle
Hindsight bias
8. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Self-presentation
Door-in-the-face
M.J.Lerner
Overjustification effect
9. Inoculation theory
Peter principle
McGuire
Attraction (in order of importance)
Door-in-the-face
10. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Conformity (types)
doll preference studies
Oversimplification
11. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Daryl Bem
Muzafer Sherif
Mere-exposure effect
Social exchange theory
12. Group polarization
James Stoner
Ellen Langer
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Illusion of control
13. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Robert Zajonc
14. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
Social Psychology
Reactance
Elaine Hatfield
15. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
deindividuation
Self-monitoring
Reciprocal socialization
Valence (life space)
16. Groupthink
Objective self-awareness
Peter principle
Irving Janis
Illusory correlation
17. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Field theory
Role
18. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
False consensus bias
Attitude
Self-perception theory
Role
19. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Self-presentation
Valence (life space)
Passionate love
Cognitive dissonance theory
20. Hawthorne effect
Elaine Hatfield
McGuire
Self-monitoring
Henry Landsberger
21. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Stanley Milgram
Life space
Availability heuristic
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
22. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Henry Landsberger
Leon Festinger
Balance theory
23. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
competition
Oversimplification
Philip Zimbardo
Paul Ekman
24. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Kurt Lewin
diffusion of responsibility
Gain-loss theory
Vector (life space)
25. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
doll preference studies
Attribution theory
Social loafing
Sleeper effect
26. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reciprocal socialization
Self-serving attributional bias
Passionate love
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
27. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Sleeper effect
Paul Ekman
Hazel Markus
Life space
28. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Excitation-transfer theory
Lee Ross
Social Psychology
29. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Impression management
James Stoner
Barrier (life space)
30. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Role
deindividuation
McGuire
Kurt Lewin
31. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Representativeness heuristic
Attraction (in order of importance)
False consensus bias
Social Psychology
32. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Availability heuristic
Vector (life space)
Hindsight bias
33. Cognitive dissonance theory
Slippery slope
Self-monitoring
Leon Festinger
McGuire
34. Illusion of control
Prisoner'S dilemma
Richard Nisbett
Ellen Langer
Robert Zajonc
35. Just world bias
Compliance
M.J.Lerner
Groupthink
diffusion of responsibility
36. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social loafing
Social support network
McGuire
Gain-loss theory
37. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
McGuire
Muzafer Sherif
Hawthorne effect
Reciprocity of disclosure
38. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Balance theory
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Sunk cost
39. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Oversimplification
Irving Janis
Cognitive dissonance theory
Just world bias
40. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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41. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Self-presentation
Hazel Markus
Hawthorne effect
doll preference studies
42. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Bogus pipeline
Elaine Hatfield
Hazel Markus
Lee Ross
43. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Passionate love
Halo effect
Social comparison
Lee Ross
44. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Compliance
Lee Ross
Inoculation theory
45. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Just world bias
Bogus pipeline
Barrier (life space)
J. Rodin and E. Langer
46. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Field theory
Impression management
Equity theory
47. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Harold Kelley
Door-in-the-face
Groupthink
bystander effect
48. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Social facilitation
Sociotechnical systems
Bogus pipeline
49. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Attraction (in order of importance)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Pluralistic ignorance
Illusion of control
50. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Field theory
Social Psychology
Harold Kelley
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen