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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






2. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






3. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






4. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






5. Self-perception theory






6. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






7. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






8. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






9. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






10. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






11. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






12. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






13. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






14. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






15. Groupthink






16. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






17. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






18. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






19. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






20. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






21. Elaboration likelihood model






22. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






23. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






24. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






25. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






26. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






27. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






28. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






29. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






30. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






31. Group polarization






32. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






33. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






34. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






35. The total influences upon individual behavior






36. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






37. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






38. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






39. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






40. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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41. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






42. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






43. Inoculation theory






44. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






45. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






46. Just world bias






47. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






48. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






49. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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50. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help