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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Social exchange theory
Elaine Hatfield
elaboration likelihood model
2. Inoculation theory
Self-perception theory
McGuire
Stanley Milgram
Paul Ekman
3. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Representativeness heuristic
Walter Dill Scott
Field theory
Barrier (life space)
4. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Representativeness heuristic
Barrier (life space)
Solomon Asch
Stanley Milgram
5. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Robbers' cave experiment
Social loafing
Passionate love
Morton Deutsch
6. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Fritz Heider
Compliance
Passionate love
Barrier (life space)
7. Self-perception theory
deindividuation
Door-in-the-face
Daryl Bem
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
8. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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9. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Paul Ekman
competition
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Door-in-the-face
10. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Solomon Asch
Acceptance
Social comparison
Base-rate fallacy
11. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Self-presentation
12. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Excitation-transfer theory
Leonard Berkowitz
Norman Triplett
Attraction (in order of importance)
13. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Attraction (in order of importance)
Availability heuristic
Stanley Milgram
Daryl Bem
14. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Self-monitoring
Inoculation theory
Robert Zajonc
15. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Reactance
Henry Landsberger
deindividuation
16. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
deindividuation
Social support network
Groupthink
Impression management
17. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Illusion of control
Acceptance
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Reactance
18. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Social facilitation
Compliance
doll preference studies
19. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Stuart Valins
M. Rokeach
Role
20. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Door-in-the-face
Passionate love
Dissenter
21. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
bystander effect
Cognitive dissonance theory
Overjustification effect
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
22. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Inoculation theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Availability heuristic
23. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Oversimplification
Bogus pipeline
Philip Zimbardo
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
24. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Peter principle
Door-in-the-face
deindividuation
Role
25. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Social facilitation
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Door-in-the-face
Social Psychology
26. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
doll preference studies
Equity theory
Objective self-awareness
27. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Cognitive dissonance theory
Life space
Sunk cost
Self-presentation
28. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Daryl Bem
Paul Ekman
diffusion of responsibility
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
29. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Impression management
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Robbers' cave experiment
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
30. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Attraction (in order of importance)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Harold Kelley
Lee Ross
31. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Conformity (types)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Lee Ross
32. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Bogus pipeline
Walter Dill Scott
Conformity (types)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
33. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Sunk cost
Balance theory
M. Rokeach
Sociotechnical systems
34. Attribution theory - balance theory
Balance theory
Morton Deutsch
Fritz Heider
Cognitive dissonance theory
35. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
Objective self-awareness
Richard Lazarus
Impression management
36. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Self-fulfilling prophecy
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Peter principle
37. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Hindsight bias
Balance theory
deindividuation
Social loafing
38. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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39. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Group polarization
Philip Zimbardo
Self-presentation
Barrier (life space)
40. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Richard Lazarus
Self-perception theory
Passionate love
Barrier (life space)
41. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Vector (life space)
Door-in-the-face
competition
Harold Kelley
42. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Sunk cost
Walter Dill Scott
Conformity (types)
43. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
M. Rokeach
elaboration likelihood model
Social Psychology
Bogus pipeline
44. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Social Psychology
Self-monitoring
Reactance
Inoculation theory
45. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Irving Janis
Pluralistic ignorance
Ellen Langer
Gain-loss theory
46. Elaboration likelihood model
Attraction (in order of importance)
Halo effect
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
competition
47. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Irving Janis
Field theory
Pluralistic ignorance
48. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Self-monitoring
Risky shift
Gain-loss theory
Elaine Hatfield
49. Cognitive dissonance theory
elaboration likelihood model
Sociotechnical systems
Leon Festinger
Role
50. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
M.J.Lerner
Muzafer Sherif
elaboration likelihood model
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