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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






2. Groups take greater risks than individuals






3. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






4. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






5. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






6. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






7. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






8. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






9. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






10. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






11. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






12. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






13. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






14. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






15. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






16. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






17. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






18. Just world bias






19. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






20. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






21. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






22. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






23. Elaboration likelihood model






24. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






25. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






26. Doll preference studies






27. Cognitive dissonance theory






28. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






29. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






30. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






31. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






32. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






33. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






34. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






35. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






36. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






37. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






38. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






39. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






40. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






41. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






42. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






43. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






44. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






45. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






46. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






47. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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48. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






49. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






50. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs