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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Leon Festinger
Daryl Bem
Hawthorne effect
Acceptance
2. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Kurt Lewin
Conformity (types)
Compassionate love
Paul Ekman
3. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Illusion of control
Attitude
Equity theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
4. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Paul Ekman
Fritz Heider
5. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Social facilitation
Social Psychology
Overjustification effect
Walter Dill Scott
6. Assuming most other people think as you do
Availability heuristic
Illusion of control
False consensus bias
J. Rodin and E. Langer
7. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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8. Theory of reasoned action
Slippery slope
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Kurt Lewin
Social Psychology
9. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Field theory
Robert Zajonc
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Hazel Markus
10. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Social comparison
Social Psychology
Excitation-transfer theory
11. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Social facilitation
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Henry Landsberger
12. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Passionate love
Inoculation theory
Ellen Langer
13. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Vector (life space)
Social facilitation
Self-serving attributional bias
14. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Pluralistic ignorance
Henry Landsberger
Life space
Self-perception theory
15. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Mere-exposure effect
Solomon Asch
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Leonard Berkowitz
16. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Base-rate fallacy
Robert Zajonc
Door-in-the-face
17. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Oversimplification
Balance theory
M. Rokeach
Morton Deutsch
18. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
M. Rokeach
Philip Zimbardo
elaboration likelihood model
Self-perception theory
19. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Reciprocal interaction
Mere-exposure effect
Actor-observer attributional divergence
20. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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21. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Social Psychology
Life space
Base-rate fallacy
McGuire
22. Groups take greater risks than individuals
competition
Philip Zimbardo
Risky shift
Conformity (types)
23. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Group polarization
Ellen Langer
Attitude
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
24. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Lee Ross
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Self-fulfilling prophecy
elaboration likelihood model
25. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
James Stoner
Equity theory
Robbers' cave experiment
Halo effect
26. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Sunk cost
Role
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Barrier (life space)
27. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
diffusion of responsibility
Compassionate love
Sunk cost
elaboration likelihood model
28. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Excitation-transfer theory
M. Rokeach
Social loafing
Illusory correlation
29. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
M.J.Lerner
Attribution theory
Elaine Hatfield
Lee Ross
30. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Conformity (types)
elaboration likelihood model
Hindsight bias
Muzafer Sherif
31. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Representativeness heuristic
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Harold Kelley
M. Rokeach
32. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Bogus pipeline
Representativeness heuristic
Social Psychology
Trucking company game
33. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Impression management
Self-monitoring
Richard Nisbett
Reactance
34. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
elaboration likelihood model
Henry Landsberger
Compliance
35. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Just world bias
Paul Ekman
Slippery slope
Self-presentation
36. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
Gain-loss theory
Impression management
Leonard Berkowitz
37. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Sociotechnical systems
Reciprocity of disclosure
Social support network
38. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Attitude
Hawthorne effect
Compassionate love
doll preference studies
39. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Just world bias
Morton Deutsch
Stimulus-overload theory
Ellen Langer
40. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Base-rate fallacy
41. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Bogus pipeline
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
42. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Inoculation theory
Oversimplification
Stuart Valins
Impression management
43. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Balance theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Groupthink
44. The total influences upon individual behavior
Base-rate fallacy
Field theory
Objective self-awareness
Self-monitoring
45. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-serving attributional bias
Contact (Groups)
Self-perception theory
46. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Reciprocal socialization
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Mere-exposure effect
47. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Attitude
48. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Walter Dill Scott
Social Psychology
Peter principle
Halo effect
49. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Excitation-transfer theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
M.J.Lerner
Walter Dill Scott
50. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Dissenter
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Kurt Lewin
Inoculation theory