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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






2. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






3. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






4. Groupthink






5. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






6. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






7. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






8. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






9. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






10. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






11. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






12. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






13. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






14. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






15. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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16. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






17. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






18. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






19. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






20. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






21. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






22. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






23. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






24. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






25. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






26. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






27. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






28. Cognitive dissonance theory






29. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






30. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






31. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






32. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






33. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






34. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






35. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






36. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






37. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






38. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






39. Illusion of control






40. Self-perception theory






41. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






42. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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43. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






44. The total influences upon individual behavior






45. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






46. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






47. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






48. Attribution theory - balance theory






49. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






50. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform