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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






2. Assuming most other people think as you do






3. Group polarization






4. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






5. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






6. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






7. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






8. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






9. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






10. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






11. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






12. Elaboration likelihood model






13. Groupthink






14. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






15. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






16. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






17. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






18. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






19. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






20. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






21. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






22. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






23. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






24. The total influences upon individual behavior






25. Illusion of control






26. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






27. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






28. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






29. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






30. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






31. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






32. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






33. Attribution theory - balance theory






34. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






35. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






36. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups


37. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






38. Theory of reasoned action






39. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






40. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






41. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






42. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






43. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






44. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






45. Self-perception theory






46. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






47. Cognitive dissonance theory






48. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






49. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






50. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument