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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elaboration likelihood model






2. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






3. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






4. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






5. Assuming most other people think as you do






6. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






7. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






8. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






9. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






10. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






11. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






12. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






13. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






14. Person who speaks out against majority






15. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






16. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






17. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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18. Cognitive dissonance theory






19. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






20. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






21. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






22. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






23. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






24. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






25. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






26. The total influences upon individual behavior






27. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






28. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






29. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






30. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






31. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






32. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






33. Attribution theory - balance theory






34. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






35. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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36. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






37. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






38. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






39. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






40. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






41. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






42. Groupthink






43. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






44. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






45. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






46. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






47. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






48. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






49. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






50. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health







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