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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Social facilitation
Hazel Markus
Leon Festinger
Reciprocal interaction
2. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Representativeness heuristic
Objective self-awareness
Overjustification effect
Impression management
3. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Morton Deutsch
Group polarization
Mere-exposure effect
Self-perception theory
4. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Dissenter
Attribution theory
Vector (life space)
Acceptance
5. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Robert Zajonc
Cognitive dissonance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Just world bias
6. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Irving Janis
Equity theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Walter Dill Scott
7. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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8. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Irving Janis
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Hawthorne effect
Ingroup/outgroup bias
9. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Impression management
Gain-loss theory
Stuart Valins
Attribution theory
10. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Fritz Heider
deindividuation
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Oversimplification
11. Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Sleeper effect
Group polarization
Role
12. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Availability heuristic
Bogus pipeline
Richard Lazarus
Inoculation theory
13. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Daryl Bem
deindividuation
Passionate love
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
14. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
competition
Valence (life space)
Dissenter
15. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Sociotechnical systems
Illusory correlation
Sleeper effect
Attitude
16. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Stimulus-overload theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Overjustification effect
bystander effect
17. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Valence (life space)
Hazel Markus
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
18. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Self-perception theory
M. Rokeach
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Reciprocal socialization
19. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Impression management
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Kurt Lewin
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
20. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Stimulus-overload theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
deindividuation
Contact (Groups)
21. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Leonard Berkowitz
Self-serving attributional bias
Attribution theory
Impression management
22. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Hazel Markus
Role
Group polarization
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
23. Assuming most other people think as you do
Slippery slope
Irving Janis
Self-fulfilling prophecy
False consensus bias
24. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Reciprocal interaction
Paul Ekman
Robbers' cave experiment
Henry Landsberger
25. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Muzafer Sherif
Illusory correlation
Sociotechnical systems
Trucking company game
26. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Philip Zimbardo
deindividuation
Norman Triplett
Robert Zajonc
27. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Elaine Hatfield
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Reciprocal socialization
Door-in-the-face
28. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Barrier (life space)
Reciprocal interaction
Attribution theory
Daryl Bem
29. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Pluralistic ignorance
Morton Deutsch
Muzafer Sherif
Compassionate love
30. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Groupthink
Social support network
Vector (life space)
Excitation-transfer theory
31. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Sunk cost
Objective self-awareness
Life space
deindividuation
32. Group polarization
James Stoner
Leonard Berkowitz
Barrier (life space)
Hawthorne effect
33. Theory of reasoned action
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Compassionate love
McGuire
Social exchange theory
34. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
competition
Base-rate fallacy
Balance theory
Overjustification effect
35. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Compassionate love
Stimulus-overload theory
Trucking company game
36. Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
Groupthink
Group polarization
Compliance
37. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Leon Festinger
Conformity (types)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Life space
38. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
doll preference studies
Daryl Bem
Excitation-transfer theory
39. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Prisoner'S dilemma
Peter principle
Muzafer Sherif
40. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Attribution theory
Self-presentation
Slippery slope
Sleeper effect
41. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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42. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Morton Deutsch
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Base-rate fallacy
Attraction (in order of importance)
43. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Norman Triplett
Hazel Markus
Representativeness heuristic
Field theory
44. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Contact (Groups)
Social exchange theory
Illusion of control
Compassionate love
45. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Self-monitoring
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Leonard Berkowitz
Stimulus-overload theory
46. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Sociotechnical systems
Stanley Milgram
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Reactance
47. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Valence (life space)
Compliance
elaboration likelihood model
Prisoner'S dilemma
48. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
James Stoner
Robert Zajonc
Sociotechnical systems
Group polarization
49. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Peter principle
Contact (Groups)
50. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Self-presentation
Solomon Asch
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen