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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Reciprocity of disclosure
Life space
Philip Zimbardo
Objective self-awareness
2. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Oversimplification
Trucking company game
Conformity (types)
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
3. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Self-serving attributional bias
Valence (life space)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Illusion of control
4. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Inoculation theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
Field theory
Risky shift
5. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Leonard Berkowitz
Excitation-transfer theory
Acceptance
Prisoner'S dilemma
6. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Philip Zimbardo
Illusory correlation
Excitation-transfer theory
Irving Janis
7. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
deindividuation
Norman Triplett
Conformity (types)
Ellen Langer
8. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Barrier (life space)
Passionate love
Door-in-the-face
Morton Deutsch
9. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Illusion of control
M. Rokeach
Self-monitoring
Kurt Lewin
10. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Risky shift
Peter principle
Reciprocal interaction
Robbers' cave experiment
11. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Richard Nisbett
Hawthorne effect
Availability heuristic
Peter principle
12. Person who speaks out against majority
Group polarization
elaboration likelihood model
Dissenter
Acceptance
13. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Hazel Markus
Slippery slope
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
14. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
bystander effect
Robbers' cave experiment
Daryl Bem
Richard Nisbett
15. Doll preference studies
Social comparison
Philip Zimbardo
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Compliance
16. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Ellen Langer
Risky shift
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Objective self-awareness
17. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Representativeness heuristic
Paul Ekman
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Conformity (types)
18. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Role
Attraction (in order of importance)
19. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Richard Nisbett
Halo effect
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Illusory correlation
20. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Stuart Valins
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Self-perception theory
Leonard Berkowitz
21. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Gain-loss theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Vector (life space)
McGuire
22. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Balance theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Illusion of control
23. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Field theory
Paul Ekman
Social loafing
Elaine Hatfield
24. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Dissenter
Stanley Milgram
Oversimplification
25. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Attraction (in order of importance)
Overjustification effect
Group polarization
Balance theory
26. Group polarization
Impression management
Just world bias
James Stoner
Muzafer Sherif
27. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Ellen Langer
Valence (life space)
Peter principle
Contact (Groups)
28. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Social support network
Illusion of control
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Groupthink
29. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
elaboration likelihood model
Lee Ross
30. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Valence (life space)
Excitation-transfer theory
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Robert Zajonc
31. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Representativeness heuristic
Door-in-the-face
Ingroup/outgroup bias
McGuire
32. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Morton Deutsch
Acceptance
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Role
33. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
False consensus bias
Sunk cost
Sleeper effect
Robert Zajonc
34. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Inoculation theory
Oversimplification
deindividuation
Self-serving attributional bias
35. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Social facilitation
Bogus pipeline
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Valence (life space)
36. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
False consensus bias
Dissenter
Elaine Hatfield
37. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Harold Kelley
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Social exchange theory
diffusion of responsibility
38. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
elaboration likelihood model
Reactance
Sunk cost
Leonard Berkowitz
39. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Excitation-transfer theory
Role
Compassionate love
40. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Availability heuristic
Equity theory
deindividuation
Social Psychology
41. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Peter principle
Availability heuristic
Sociotechnical systems
Overjustification effect
42. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Attitude
Self-monitoring
Social exchange theory
Balance theory
43. Self-perception theory
Objective self-awareness
Daryl Bem
Kurt Lewin
diffusion of responsibility
44. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
competition
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Group polarization
Richard Nisbett
45. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Muzafer Sherif
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
doll preference studies
Social support network
46. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Role
Social facilitation
Overjustification effect
47. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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48. Inoculation theory
Social comparison
Social facilitation
McGuire
Vector (life space)
49. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Base-rate fallacy
Reciprocal socialization
Compliance
Stanley Milgram
50. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Contact (Groups)
Social loafing
Stanley MIlgram (study)
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