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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Just world bias






2. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






3. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






4. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






5. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






6. The total influences upon individual behavior






7. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






8. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






9. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






10. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






11. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






12. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






13. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






14. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






15. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






16. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






17. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






18. Assuming most other people think as you do






19. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






20. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






21. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






22. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






23. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






24. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






25. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






26. Doll preference studies






27. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






28. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






29. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






30. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






31. Self-perception theory






32. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






33. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






34. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






35. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






36. Cognitive dissonance theory






37. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






38. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






39. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






40. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






41. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






42. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






43. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






44. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






45. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






46. Elaboration likelihood model






47. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






48. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






49. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






50. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related