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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Representativeness heuristic
Impression management
M. Rokeach
Attitude
2. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Reactance
Vector (life space)
Representativeness heuristic
Sunk cost
3. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Stimulus-overload theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Contact (Groups)
Fritz Heider
4. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Trucking company game
Illusion of control
Daryl Bem
doll preference studies
5. Doll preference studies
Hindsight bias
Robert Zajonc
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
6. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Barrier (life space)
Social comparison
bystander effect
Cognitive dissonance theory
7. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Groupthink
Availability heuristic
Muzafer Sherif
8. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Sleeper effect
Leon Festinger
Prisoner'S dilemma
9. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Reactance
Passionate love
Dissenter
10. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Cognitive dissonance theory
Base-rate fallacy
Objective self-awareness
Social comparison
11. Illusion of control
Halo effect
Ellen Langer
M. Rokeach
Representativeness heuristic
12. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Solomon Asch
Irving Janis
13. Attribution theory - balance theory
Hazel Markus
Hawthorne effect
Fritz Heider
Leonard Berkowitz
14. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Acceptance
Self-serving attributional bias
Door-in-the-face
Solomon Asch
15. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Conformity (types)
M.J.Lerner
Availability heuristic
Barrier (life space)
16. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Norman Triplett
Hindsight bias
Actor-observer attributional divergence
17. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Attraction (in order of importance)
Cognitive dissonance theory
Impression management
18. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Robert Zajonc
Contact (Groups)
Morton Deutsch
Cognitive dissonance theory
19. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Illusion of control
Dissenter
Life space
20. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Excitation-transfer theory
Group polarization
doll preference studies
Just world bias
21. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
competition
Harold Kelley
Attraction (in order of importance)
22. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Social facilitation
Irving Janis
23. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Availability heuristic
Attraction (in order of importance)
Compliance
Philip Zimbardo
24. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Reciprocal interaction
Representativeness heuristic
Sleeper effect
25. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
deindividuation
Peter principle
Prisoner'S dilemma
Oversimplification
26. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Attribution theory
Groupthink
Stimulus-overload theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
27. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
M. Rokeach
Self-monitoring
Trucking company game
False consensus bias
28. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Social loafing
Bogus pipeline
Gain-loss theory
Daryl Bem
29. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Social exchange theory
Valence (life space)
Paul Ekman
Richard Nisbett
30. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Bogus pipeline
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
M. Rokeach
False consensus bias
31. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
M. Rokeach
Social exchange theory
False consensus bias
Solomon Asch
32. Just world bias
Dissenter
Self-fulfilling prophecy
M.J.Lerner
doll preference studies
33. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Objective self-awareness
Compassionate love
Self-presentation
Ellen Langer
34. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Attraction (in order of importance)
Attitude
Lee Ross
Illusory correlation
35. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Halo effect
Groupthink
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Stanley MIlgram (study)
36. Person who speaks out against majority
Self-serving attributional bias
Dissenter
Reciprocal interaction
Attitude
37. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Acceptance
Attitude
Walter Dill Scott
Kurt Lewin
38. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Acceptance
Gain-loss theory
39. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Daryl Bem
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Self-monitoring
Social loafing
40. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Compliance
Stuart Valins
Contact (Groups)
Attraction (in order of importance)
41. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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42. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Risky shift
Passionate love
Illusion of control
43. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Groupthink
Vector (life space)
Social exchange theory
Compassionate love
44. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Stanley Milgram
Life space
Social loafing
45. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Overjustification effect
Sunk cost
Sleeper effect
Trucking company game
46. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Vector (life space)
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Henry Landsberger
Trucking company game
47. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
bystander effect
Kurt Lewin
Hazel Markus
48. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Stanley Milgram
Social exchange theory
Representativeness heuristic
Elaine Hatfield
49. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Bogus pipeline
Risky shift
Compliance
50. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Self-perception theory
Hindsight bias
Equity theory
Illusion of control
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