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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Harold Kelley
Social support network
Walter Dill Scott
Reactance
2. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
elaboration likelihood model
Stanley Milgram
competition
3. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Reciprocal interaction
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Just world bias
4. Groupthink
Illusion of control
Irving Janis
Elaine Hatfield
Sociotechnical systems
5. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Fritz Heider
Muzafer Sherif
Hindsight bias
Attraction (in order of importance)
6. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
Reciprocal interaction
Lee Ross
Social comparison
7. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Stanley Milgram
Bogus pipeline
Walter Dill Scott
Leonard Berkowitz
8. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Trucking company game
M.J.Lerner
False consensus bias
9. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
diffusion of responsibility
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Pluralistic ignorance
elaboration likelihood model
10. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Contact (Groups)
Social Psychology
Richard Lazarus
Social comparison
11. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Elaine Hatfield
Representativeness heuristic
Philip Zimbardo
12. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
Social loafing
deindividuation
Self-presentation
13. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Hazel Markus
Slippery slope
Reactance
Richard Nisbett
14. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Conformity (types)
Just world bias
competition
bystander effect
15. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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16. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Fritz Heider
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Lee Ross
Stanley Milgram
17. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Impression management
Robert Zajonc
Hazel Markus
Acceptance
18. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Vector (life space)
Philip Zimbardo
Social Psychology
19. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Objective self-awareness
Valence (life space)
Self-presentation
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
20. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-presentation
Solomon Asch
Social loafing
21. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
diffusion of responsibility
Reactance
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Sociotechnical systems
22. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Peter principle
James Stoner
Sunk cost
Hindsight bias
23. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Group polarization
doll preference studies
Life space
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
24. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Attitude
Life space
diffusion of responsibility
Equity theory
25. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Equity theory
Role
Availability heuristic
M. Rokeach
26. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Muzafer Sherif
Halo effect
Harold Kelley
elaboration likelihood model
27. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Valence (life space)
Just world bias
Walter Dill Scott
Field theory
28. Cognitive dissonance theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Leon Festinger
Life space
Social comparison
29. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Prisoner'S dilemma
Passionate love
Field theory
M. Rokeach
30. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Illusory correlation
Hazel Markus
31. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Attribution theory
Contact (Groups)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Pluralistic ignorance
32. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Barrier (life space)
Just world bias
Equity theory
Trucking company game
33. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Kurt Lewin
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Passionate love
M.J.Lerner
34. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
False consensus bias
Stimulus-overload theory
doll preference studies
Availability heuristic
35. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Illusory correlation
Groupthink
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Paul Ekman
36. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
False consensus bias
Conformity (types)
Peter principle
Social support network
37. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Norman Triplett
Group polarization
Just world bias
Excitation-transfer theory
38. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Objective self-awareness
Equity theory
Attitude
39. Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Attitude
Overjustification effect
Actor-observer attributional divergence
40. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Illusion of control
Self-presentation
41. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Representativeness heuristic
Trucking company game
Sleeper effect
Excitation-transfer theory
42. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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43. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Stimulus-overload theory
Social support network
Self-monitoring
44. The total influences upon individual behavior
Balance theory
bystander effect
Field theory
Life space
45. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
competition
Base-rate fallacy
Kurt Lewin
Stimulus-overload theory
46. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Cognitive dissonance theory
47. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Stanley Milgram
Richard Nisbett
Sociotechnical systems
Contact (Groups)
48. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
Leonard Berkowitz
Door-in-the-face
Objective self-awareness
49. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Leonard Berkowitz
McGuire
Acceptance
Sleeper effect
50. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Door-in-the-face
Peter principle
Acceptance
Stanley Milgram