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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Reciprocal socialization
Peter principle
Self-serving attributional bias
Leonard Berkowitz
2. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
competition
Solomon Asch
Hindsight bias
Daryl Bem
3. Groups take greater risks than individuals
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Risky shift
Pluralistic ignorance
Fritz Heider
4. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Self-perception theory
Norman Triplett
Just world bias
Availability heuristic
5. Cognitive dissonance theory
Social exchange theory
Leonard Berkowitz
Leon Festinger
Gain-loss theory
6. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Dissenter
Hindsight bias
Stimulus-overload theory
7. Elaboration likelihood model
Self-monitoring
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Self-serving attributional bias
Reciprocity of disclosure
8. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Solomon Asch
Richard Lazarus
Reciprocal socialization
9. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Stimulus-overload theory
diffusion of responsibility
Compassionate love
10. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Life space
Barrier (life space)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Ingroup/outgroup bias
11. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Robert Zajonc
Self-serving attributional bias
Group polarization
Objective self-awareness
12. Attribution theory - balance theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Reciprocity of disclosure
McGuire
Fritz Heider
13. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Leonard Berkowitz
Elaine Hatfield
Reciprocal interaction
Impression management
14. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Compliance
Ellen Langer
Social Psychology
Attraction (in order of importance)
15. Illusion of control
Sociotechnical systems
Henry Landsberger
Ellen Langer
Self-perception theory
16. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Reactance
Door-in-the-face
Richard Lazarus
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
17. Assuming most other people think as you do
Henry Landsberger
Philip Zimbardo
False consensus bias
Availability heuristic
18. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Ellen Langer
Impression management
Self-serving attributional bias
Attraction (in order of importance)
19. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
20. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Just world bias
Oversimplification
Attribution theory
Vector (life space)
21. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Stimulus-overload theory
Self-presentation
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Slippery slope
22. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
competition
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
doll preference studies
23. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Reciprocal socialization
Compassionate love
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Cognitive dissonance theory
24. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Social comparison
Compassionate love
Richard Nisbett
25. The total influences upon individual behavior
Field theory
Life space
Social comparison
Stanley MIlgram (study)
26. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Pluralistic ignorance
Elaine Hatfield
Social comparison
McGuire
27. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Irving Janis
Richard Nisbett
Overjustification effect
Stuart Valins
28. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Self-monitoring
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Philip Zimbardo
Morton Deutsch
29. Doll preference studies
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Elaine Hatfield
Richard Lazarus
Illusion of control
30. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Prisoner'S dilemma
Philip Zimbardo
M. Rokeach
31. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
McGuire
Sociotechnical systems
doll preference studies
32. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Leon Festinger
Impression management
Risky shift
33. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Self-fulfilling prophecy
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Acceptance
34. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Group polarization
Morton Deutsch
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Philip Zimbardo
35. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Social support network
James Stoner
Elaine Hatfield
diffusion of responsibility
36. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Self-perception theory
Social Psychology
Illusion of control
Availability heuristic
37. Theory of reasoned action
Social comparison
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Self-perception theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
38. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Excitation-transfer theory
Sociotechnical systems
Acceptance
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
39. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
M. Rokeach
Slippery slope
Gain-loss theory
Self-presentation
40. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Reactance
Stuart Valins
Elaine Hatfield
Stimulus-overload theory
41. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
False consensus bias
Self-monitoring
Solomon Asch
Equity theory
42. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Valence (life space)
competition
Leonard Berkowitz
43. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Self-perception theory
bystander effect
Daryl Bem
Attraction (in order of importance)
44. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Compassionate love
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
False consensus bias
Self-monitoring
45. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Availability heuristic
Acceptance
Role
Stimulus-overload theory
46. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Attraction (in order of importance)
Harold Kelley
Muzafer Sherif
Risky shift
47. Person who speaks out against majority
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Dissenter
Just world bias
Social comparison
48. Inoculation theory
Stanley Milgram
Paul Ekman
McGuire
Valence (life space)
49. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Leonard Berkowitz
Attribution theory
competition
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
50. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Door-in-the-face
Oversimplification
Ellen Langer
Ingroup/outgroup bias