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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






2. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






3. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






4. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






5. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






6. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






7. Doll preference studies






8. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






9. Just world bias






10. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






11. Group polarization






12. Elaboration likelihood model






13. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






14. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






15. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






16. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






17. Hawthorne effect






18. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






19. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






20. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






21. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






22. Assuming most other people think as you do






23. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






24. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






25. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






26. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






27. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






28. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






29. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






30. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






31. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






32. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






33. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






34. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






35. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






36. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






37. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






38. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






39. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






40. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






41. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






42. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






43. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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44. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






45. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






46. Attribution theory - balance theory






47. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






48. Groupthink






49. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






50. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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