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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Role
Vector (life space)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Stimulus-overload theory
2. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Life space
M. Rokeach
Availability heuristic
Overjustification effect
3. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Robbers' cave experiment
Door-in-the-face
Group polarization
Conformity (types)
4. Hawthorne effect
Social exchange theory
Social facilitation
Henry Landsberger
diffusion of responsibility
5. Just world bias
Gain-loss theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
M.J.Lerner
Lee Ross
6. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
elaboration likelihood model
Door-in-the-face
Objective self-awareness
7. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Slippery slope
Stimulus-overload theory
Vector (life space)
Lee Ross
8. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
deindividuation
Hazel Markus
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Equity theory
9. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
McGuire
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Social exchange theory
10. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Robert Zajonc
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social loafing
Self-fulfilling prophecy
11. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Equity theory
Illusory correlation
Muzafer Sherif
Attribution theory
12. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Passionate love
Cognitive dissonance theory
Contact (Groups)
Representativeness heuristic
13. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Halo effect
Representativeness heuristic
Hawthorne effect
Excitation-transfer theory
14. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Excitation-transfer theory
Inoculation theory
Base-rate fallacy
15. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Reciprocity of disclosure
False consensus bias
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Oversimplification
16. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Social support network
Impression management
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Group polarization
17. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Social Psychology
Equity theory
Base-rate fallacy
Peter principle
18. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Social exchange theory
Impression management
Illusion of control
Daryl Bem
19. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Richard Nisbett
Attraction (in order of importance)
Conformity (types)
20. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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21. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
deindividuation
competition
Overjustification effect
Door-in-the-face
22. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Life space
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Leonard Berkowitz
Reciprocity of disclosure
23. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Illusion of control
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Ellen Langer
24. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Richard Lazarus
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Inoculation theory
Illusion of control
25. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
M.J.Lerner
Oversimplification
Gain-loss theory
Barrier (life space)
26. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Paul Ekman
Balance theory
Social Psychology
Richard Lazarus
27. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Vector (life space)
Representativeness heuristic
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Field theory
28. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Attitude
Social support network
Slippery slope
29. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Social support network
Social facilitation
Peter principle
Cognitive dissonance theory
30. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Bogus pipeline
Attribution theory
Self-perception theory
31. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Stuart Valins
bystander effect
M.J.Lerner
Group polarization
32. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Barrier (life space)
Norman Triplett
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
33. Group polarization
Compliance
James Stoner
diffusion of responsibility
Cognitive dissonance theory
34. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Balance theory
Dissenter
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Paul Ekman
35. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Muzafer Sherif
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Passionate love
Fritz Heider
36. Person who speaks out against majority
Dissenter
Attribution theory
Field theory
Social comparison
37. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Halo effect
Kurt Lewin
Cognitive dissonance theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
38. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Availability heuristic
Slippery slope
Fritz Heider
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
39. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Social support network
competition
Reciprocity of disclosure
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
40. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Attraction (in order of importance)
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
41. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Attitude
Harold Kelley
Barrier (life space)
Reactance
42. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Leon Festinger
Hazel Markus
competition
43. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Objective self-awareness
Attraction (in order of importance)
Valence (life space)
Bogus pipeline
44. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Reciprocity of disclosure
Cognitive dissonance theory
Hawthorne effect
Oversimplification
45. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Conformity (types)
Reciprocal socialization
Vector (life space)
Reciprocal interaction
46. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Acceptance
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Self-monitoring
47. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Leonard Berkowitz
Valence (life space)
Self-serving attributional bias
Reactance
48. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Norman Triplett
Leon Festinger
competition
Solomon Asch
49. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Social support network
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Trucking company game
50. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Hawthorne effect
deindividuation
Reactance