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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






2. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






3. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






4. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






5. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






6. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






7. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






8. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






9. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






10. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






11. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






12. Elaboration likelihood model






13. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






14. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






15. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






16. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






17. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






18. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






19. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






20. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






21. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






22. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






23. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






24. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






25. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






26. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






27. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






28. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






29. Assuming most other people think as you do






30. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






31. Hawthorne effect






32. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






33. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






34. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






35. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






36. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






37. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






38. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






39. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






40. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






41. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






42. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






43. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






44. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






45. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






46. Self-perception theory






47. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






48. Just world bias






49. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






50. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting







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