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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






2. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






3. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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4. Assuming most other people think as you do






5. Inoculation theory






6. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






7. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






8. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






9. Doll preference studies






10. The total influences upon individual behavior






11. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






12. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






13. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






14. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






15. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






16. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






17. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






18. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






19. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






20. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






21. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






22. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






23. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






24. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






25. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






26. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






27. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






28. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






29. Elaboration likelihood model






30. Groups take greater risks than individuals






31. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






32. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






33. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






34. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






35. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






36. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






37. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






38. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






39. Cognitive dissonance theory






40. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






41. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






42. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






43. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






44. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






45. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






46. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






47. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






48. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






49. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






50. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)