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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






2. Elaboration likelihood model






3. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






4. Person who speaks out against majority






5. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






6. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






7. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






8. Illusion of control






9. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






10. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






11. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






12. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






13. Just world bias






14. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






15. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






16. The total influences upon individual behavior






17. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






18. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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19. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






20. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






21. Hawthorne effect






22. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






23. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






24. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






25. Assuming most other people think as you do






26. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






27. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






28. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






29. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






30. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






31. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






32. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






33. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






34. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






35. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






36. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






37. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






38. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






39. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






40. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






41. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






42. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






43. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






44. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






45. Groupthink






46. Attribution theory - balance theory






47. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






48. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






49. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






50. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed