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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






2. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






3. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






4. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






5. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






6. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






7. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






8. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






9. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






10. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






11. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






12. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






13. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






14. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






15. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






16. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






17. Just world bias






18. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






19. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






20. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






21. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






22. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






23. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






24. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






25. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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26. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






27. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






28. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






29. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






30. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






31. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






32. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






33. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






34. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






35. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






36. Assuming most other people think as you do






37. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






38. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






39. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






40. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






41. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






42. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






43. Person who speaks out against majority






44. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






45. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






46. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






47. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






48. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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49. Group polarization






50. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity