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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






2. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






3. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






4. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






5. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






6. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






7. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






8. Just world bias






9. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






10. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






11. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game


12. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






13. Groupthink






14. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






15. Groups take greater risks than individuals






16. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






17. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






18. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






19. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups


20. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






21. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






22. Theory of reasoned action






23. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






24. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






25. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






26. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






27. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






28. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






29. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






30. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






31. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






32. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






33. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






34. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






35. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






36. Doll preference studies






37. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






38. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






39. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






40. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






41. The total influences upon individual behavior






42. Elaboration likelihood model






43. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






44. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






45. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






46. Group polarization






47. Person who speaks out against majority






48. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






49. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






50. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance