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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Life space
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Impression management
Vector (life space)
2. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Stanley Milgram
Illusion of control
Barrier (life space)
Harold Kelley
3. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Philip Zimbardo
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Bogus pipeline
4. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Philip Zimbardo
Gain-loss theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Leonard Berkowitz
5. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
bystander effect
elaboration likelihood model
Barrier (life space)
Richard Nisbett
6. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Base-rate fallacy
Leon Festinger
Objective self-awareness
7. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Life space
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Self-perception theory
Conformity (types)
8. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Balance theory
Trucking company game
doll preference studies
J. Rodin and E. Langer
9. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Just world bias
Pluralistic ignorance
Kurt Lewin
Objective self-awareness
10. Group polarization
Social facilitation
James Stoner
Bogus pipeline
Stanley Milgram
11. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Contact (Groups)
Availability heuristic
Stanley MIlgram (study)
12. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Reactance
Role
James Stoner
Elaine Hatfield
13. Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
False consensus bias
Dissenter
Prisoner'S dilemma
14. The total influences upon individual behavior
Role
Impression management
Leonard Berkowitz
Field theory
15. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Field theory
Robert Zajonc
Dissenter
Social Psychology
16. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Hindsight bias
Attitude
Lee Ross
Stimulus-overload theory
17. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Balance theory
Solomon Asch
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Illusion of control
18. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Prisoner'S dilemma
Slippery slope
Paul Ekman
Compliance
19. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Equity theory
Impression management
Availability heuristic
Morton Deutsch
20. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Barrier (life space)
doll preference studies
Trucking company game
Stanley Milgram
21. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Inoculation theory
Reciprocal interaction
Oversimplification
22. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Morton Deutsch
Stuart Valins
Illusory correlation
Role
23. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Equity theory
Hindsight bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Overjustification effect
24. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Prisoner'S dilemma
M.J.Lerner
Life space
Compliance
25. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Cognitive dissonance theory
Balance theory
Life space
Social loafing
26. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Slippery slope
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
competition
Robert Zajonc
27. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Risky shift
Gain-loss theory
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Life space
28. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Slippery slope
Leon Festinger
M. Rokeach
Social exchange theory
29. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Excitation-transfer theory
Stuart Valins
Trucking company game
Sunk cost
30. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Inoculation theory
Vector (life space)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
31. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Bogus pipeline
Pluralistic ignorance
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Attribution theory
32. Attribution theory - balance theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Gain-loss theory
Fritz Heider
bystander effect
33. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Hindsight bias
Overjustification effect
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
competition
34. Hawthorne effect
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Reactance
Morton Deutsch
Henry Landsberger
35. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Role
Contact (Groups)
deindividuation
Pluralistic ignorance
36. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Daryl Bem
Vector (life space)
Peter principle
37. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
Reciprocal socialization
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Lee Ross
38. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
competition
Solomon Asch
Self-perception theory
39. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Harold Kelley
Just world bias
Norman Triplett
Pluralistic ignorance
40. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Dissenter
Prisoner'S dilemma
Door-in-the-face
Life space
41. Illusion of control
Mere-exposure effect
Harold Kelley
Base-rate fallacy
Ellen Langer
42. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Self-serving attributional bias
Stimulus-overload theory
Vector (life space)
Self-perception theory
43. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Field theory
Impression management
Henry Landsberger
Richard Lazarus
44. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Self-monitoring
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Gain-loss theory
Morton Deutsch
45. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Social facilitation
Inoculation theory
Hindsight bias
Groupthink
46. Self-perception theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Leonard Berkowitz
Sunk cost
Daryl Bem
47. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Acceptance
Slippery slope
Harold Kelley
Attribution theory
48. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Reactance
Attribution theory
Bogus pipeline
Gain-loss theory
49. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Gain-loss theory
Reciprocal interaction
50. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Mere-exposure effect
Morton Deutsch
Robert Zajonc
Lee Ross