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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






2. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






3. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






4. Illusion of control






5. Self-perception theory






6. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






7. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






8. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






9. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






10. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






11. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






12. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






13. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






14. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






15. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






16. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






17. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






18. Cognitive dissonance theory






19. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






20. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






21. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






22. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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23. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






24. Assuming most other people think as you do






25. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






26. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






27. Groups take greater risks than individuals






28. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






29. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






30. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






31. Elaboration likelihood model






32. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






33. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






34. Theory of reasoned action






35. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






36. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






37. Just world bias






38. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






39. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






40. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






41. Inoculation theory






42. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






43. Person who speaks out against majority






44. Attribution theory - balance theory






45. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






46. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






47. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






48. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






49. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






50. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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