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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






2. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






3. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






4. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






5. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






6. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






7. The total influences upon individual behavior






8. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






9. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






10. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






11. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






12. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






13. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






14. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






15. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






16. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






17. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






18. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






19. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






20. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






21. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






22. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






23. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






24. Attribution theory - balance theory






25. Hawthorne effect






26. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






27. Cognitive dissonance theory






28. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






29. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






30. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






31. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






32. Inoculation theory






33. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






34. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






35. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






36. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups


37. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






38. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






39. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






40. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






41. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






42. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






43. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






44. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






45. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






46. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






47. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






48. Groups take greater risks than individuals






49. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






50. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition