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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






2. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






3. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






4. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






5. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






6. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






7. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






8. Groupthink






9. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






10. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






11. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






12. Person who speaks out against majority






13. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






14. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






15. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






16. Theory of reasoned action






17. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






18. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






19. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






20. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






21. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






22. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






23. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






24. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






25. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






26. Illusion of control






27. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






28. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






29. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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30. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






31. Attribution theory - balance theory






32. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






33. Groups take greater risks than individuals






34. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






35. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






36. Self-perception theory






37. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






38. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






39. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






40. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






41. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






42. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






43. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






44. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






45. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






46. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






47. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






48. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






49. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






50. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer