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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






2. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument


3. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






4. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups


5. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






6. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






7. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






8. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






9. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






10. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






11. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






12. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






13. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






14. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






15. Assuming most other people think as you do






16. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






17. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






18. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






19. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






20. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






21. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






22. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






23. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






24. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






25. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






26. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






27. Cognitive dissonance theory






28. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






29. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






30. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






31. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






32. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






33. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






34. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






35. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






36. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






37. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






38. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






39. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






40. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






41. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






42. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






43. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






44. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






45. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






46. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






47. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






48. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






49. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






50. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object