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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
M.J.Lerner
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Passionate love
Social facilitation
2. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Muzafer Sherif
Cognitive dissonance theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Role
3. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
elaboration likelihood model
Elaine Hatfield
Compliance
Role
4. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
deindividuation
Reciprocity of disclosure
Self-serving attributional bias
Passionate love
5. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Groupthink
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Halo effect
Peter principle
6. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Self-serving attributional bias
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Elaine Hatfield
Reciprocal socialization
7. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Elaine Hatfield
Attribution theory
8. Person who speaks out against majority
James Stoner
Dissenter
Hawthorne effect
M.J.Lerner
9. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Passionate love
Base-rate fallacy
Oversimplification
Ellen Langer
10. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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11. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Reciprocal interaction
Hindsight bias
Elaine Hatfield
Attribution theory
12. Doll preference studies
Hawthorne effect
Role
Sociotechnical systems
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
13. Group polarization
James Stoner
Halo effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
False consensus bias
14. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Representativeness heuristic
Illusory correlation
Stimulus-overload theory
15. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Social loafing
Compassionate love
M. Rokeach
Stanley Milgram
16. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Hindsight bias
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social facilitation
Contact (Groups)
17. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
False consensus bias
Impression management
Compassionate love
18. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Risky shift
doll preference studies
Leon Festinger
Morton Deutsch
19. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Elaine Hatfield
Sunk cost
Slippery slope
M.J.Lerner
20. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Reactance
Sociotechnical systems
Richard Lazarus
21. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Social Psychology
False consensus bias
Representativeness heuristic
Richard Lazarus
22. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Social loafing
elaboration likelihood model
Peter principle
23. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Oversimplification
Hindsight bias
Acceptance
Group polarization
24. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Lee Ross
Door-in-the-face
25. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Contact (Groups)
Risky shift
Muzafer Sherif
J. Rodin and E. Langer
26. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Equity theory
Trucking company game
Prisoner'S dilemma
Lee Ross
27. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Just world bias
M. Rokeach
Richard Lazarus
28. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Compassionate love
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Lee Ross
doll preference studies
29. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Base-rate fallacy
Acceptance
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
30. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Richard Nisbett
Social Psychology
False consensus bias
Halo effect
31. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Harold Kelley
McGuire
Social comparison
32. The total influences upon individual behavior
Equity theory
Field theory
Group polarization
Self-serving attributional bias
33. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Vector (life space)
Norman Triplett
Stanley Milgram
Kurt Lewin
34. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Slippery slope
Halo effect
Pluralistic ignorance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
35. Inoculation theory
Self-perception theory
Hindsight bias
McGuire
deindividuation
36. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Pluralistic ignorance
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Trucking company game
Reciprocity of disclosure
37. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Sunk cost
Gain-loss theory
Self-monitoring
Harold Kelley
38. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Fritz Heider
Barrier (life space)
Attribution theory
Hawthorne effect
39. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Harold Kelley
Compassionate love
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Field theory
40. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Stimulus-overload theory
McGuire
Self-perception theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
41. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Self-presentation
Paul Ekman
Reciprocity of disclosure
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
42. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
bystander effect
Balance theory
James Stoner
Peter principle
43. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Reciprocal socialization
M. Rokeach
Reactance
44. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Slippery slope
Dissenter
Leonard Berkowitz
45. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Barrier (life space)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Illusory correlation
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
46. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Contact (Groups)
Leonard Berkowitz
Reciprocal interaction
Prisoner'S dilemma
47. Just world bias
Base-rate fallacy
M.J.Lerner
False consensus bias
Ingroup/outgroup bias
48. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Oversimplification
Sociotechnical systems
Illusory correlation
Attraction (in order of importance)
49. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Morton Deutsch
Representativeness heuristic
Availability heuristic
Cognitive dissonance theory
50. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Valence (life space)
Self-serving attributional bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Oversimplification
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