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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Self-perception theory
Self-presentation
Daryl Bem
Reciprocal socialization
Morton Deutsch
2. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
elaboration likelihood model
Mere-exposure effect
Valence (life space)
3. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Illusion of control
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Social comparison
Richard Lazarus
4. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Pluralistic ignorance
McGuire
Bogus pipeline
Compassionate love
5. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Norman Triplett
Lee Ross
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Elaine Hatfield
6. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
elaboration likelihood model
Stuart Valins
Pluralistic ignorance
7. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Passionate love
diffusion of responsibility
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Conformity (types)
8. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Hawthorne effect
Self-serving attributional bias
Passionate love
Ellen Langer
9. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Availability heuristic
Sleeper effect
M. Rokeach
10. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Sunk cost
Social facilitation
James Stoner
Stuart Valins
11. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Paul Ekman
Attribution theory
Attitude
Richard Lazarus
12. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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13. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Attitude
Life space
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-perception theory
14. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Self-monitoring
bystander effect
Social facilitation
Self-fulfilling prophecy
15. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Leonard Berkowitz
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Reciprocity of disclosure
J. Rodin and E. Langer
16. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Solomon Asch
Field theory
Irving Janis
17. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
Gain-loss theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
J. Rodin and E. Langer
18. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
elaboration likelihood model
Social exchange theory
Barrier (life space)
M. Rokeach
19. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Impression management
deindividuation
Sleeper effect
20. Theory of reasoned action
M. Rokeach
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Self-serving attributional bias
Self-perception theory
21. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Equity theory
Norman Triplett
Actor-observer attributional divergence
22. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Ellen Langer
Balance theory
Morton Deutsch
23. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Walter Dill Scott
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
doll preference studies
24. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Contact (Groups)
Elaine Hatfield
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Excitation-transfer theory
25. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Stimulus-overload theory
Mere-exposure effect
Base-rate fallacy
Self-presentation
26. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Contact (Groups)
Social Psychology
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Attitude
27. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Hazel Markus
Equity theory
Base-rate fallacy
diffusion of responsibility
28. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Walter Dill Scott
Hawthorne effect
Prisoner'S dilemma
Richard Lazarus
29. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Solomon Asch
Dissenter
30. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Robbers' cave experiment
Self-perception theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Base-rate fallacy
31. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Ellen Langer
Irving Janis
Reciprocal socialization
32. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
Reactance
Robbers' cave experiment
Availability heuristic
33. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social comparison
Door-in-the-face
Passionate love
34. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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35. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Representativeness heuristic
Fritz Heider
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Social support network
36. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Prisoner'S dilemma
Groupthink
McGuire
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
37. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Pluralistic ignorance
Groupthink
38. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Risky shift
Conformity (types)
Dissenter
39. The total influences upon individual behavior
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Field theory
Vector (life space)
40. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Field theory
Balance theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
41. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Stimulus-overload theory
Overjustification effect
Social Psychology
Sunk cost
42. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
M. Rokeach
Availability heuristic
Morton Deutsch
43. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Conformity (types)
Role
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Field theory
44. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Paul Ekman
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Stuart Valins
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
45. Group polarization
Conformity (types)
Excitation-transfer theory
Oversimplification
James Stoner
46. Person who speaks out against majority
Leonard Berkowitz
Base-rate fallacy
Dissenter
Self-presentation
47. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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48. Doll preference studies
Reciprocity of disclosure
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Kurt Lewin
Vector (life space)
49. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Compassionate love
Attribution theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
50. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Henry Landsberger
bystander effect
Prisoner'S dilemma