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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Just world bias
Self-presentation
Paul Ekman
Reciprocal interaction
M.J.Lerner
2. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social comparison
Social support network
Group polarization
Daryl Bem
3. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Solomon Asch
Elaine Hatfield
Daryl Bem
4. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
elaboration likelihood model
Hindsight bias
Conformity (types)
Reciprocal socialization
5. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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6. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
deindividuation
Social exchange theory
Contact (Groups)
7. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Irving Janis
Reciprocal interaction
Social loafing
competition
8. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Excitation-transfer theory
Lee Ross
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
9. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
bystander effect
Valence (life space)
Social support network
10. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Halo effect
Morton Deutsch
Valence (life space)
Ingroup/outgroup bias
11. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Peter principle
Halo effect
Walter Dill Scott
Hawthorne effect
12. Group polarization
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Henry Landsberger
James Stoner
M.J.Lerner
13. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Group polarization
Attitude
Irving Janis
Representativeness heuristic
14. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Attraction (in order of importance)
Stanley Milgram
Reciprocity of disclosure
15. Theory of reasoned action
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Availability heuristic
Attribution theory
Muzafer Sherif
16. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Halo effect
False consensus bias
Life space
17. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Muzafer Sherif
Hindsight bias
Elaine Hatfield
Compliance
18. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Hawthorne effect
Social facilitation
Paul Ekman
19. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Bogus pipeline
Life space
Equity theory
Elaine Hatfield
20. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Richard Nisbett
Objective self-awareness
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Self-serving attributional bias
21. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
competition
Lee Ross
22. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Self-monitoring
23. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Leonard Berkowitz
Social Psychology
Self-serving attributional bias
24. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Passionate love
Trucking company game
Risky shift
Impression management
25. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Trucking company game
Role
Attraction (in order of importance)
deindividuation
26. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Mere-exposure effect
Groupthink
McGuire
27. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Philip Zimbardo
bystander effect
Leonard Berkowitz
Self-fulfilling prophecy
28. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Attitude
Life space
Inoculation theory
Elaine Hatfield
29. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Prisoner'S dilemma
Muzafer Sherif
Sociotechnical systems
Social loafing
30. Inoculation theory
Acceptance
McGuire
Cognitive dissonance theory
Hawthorne effect
31. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Passionate love
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Self-perception theory
competition
32. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Kurt Lewin
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Cognitive dissonance theory
Base-rate fallacy
33. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Reactance
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Social comparison
34. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Social facilitation
Overjustification effect
Balance theory
35. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Norman Triplett
Base-rate fallacy
Illusion of control
Hindsight bias
36. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
James Stoner
M. Rokeach
Hazel Markus
Attitude
37. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
deindividuation
James Stoner
Stanley Milgram
38. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Slippery slope
Cognitive dissonance theory
Peter principle
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
39. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Mere-exposure effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Self-serving attributional bias
Reciprocal interaction
40. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Availability heuristic
Richard Lazarus
Peter principle
41. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Hawthorne effect
Peter principle
M. Rokeach
Sociotechnical systems
42. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Paul Ekman
deindividuation
Henry Landsberger
43. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reciprocal socialization
Harold Kelley
Cognitive dissonance theory
M. Rokeach
44. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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45. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Gain-loss theory
Role
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
elaboration likelihood model
46. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Inoculation theory
Self-monitoring
Trucking company game
Vector (life space)
47. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Representativeness heuristic
Passionate love
Social exchange theory
Leonard Berkowitz
48. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Overjustification effect
Equity theory
Illusory correlation
Vector (life space)
49. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Excitation-transfer theory
Richard Nisbett
Attraction (in order of importance)
Passionate love
50. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Gain-loss theory
Ellen Langer
Valence (life space)
Vector (life space)