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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






2. The total influences upon individual behavior






3. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






4. Groups take greater risks than individuals






5. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






6. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






7. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






8. Inoculation theory






9. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






10. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






11. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






12. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






13. Just world bias






14. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






15. Theory of reasoned action






16. Self-perception theory






17. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






18. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






19. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






20. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






21. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






22. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






23. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






24. Cognitive dissonance theory






25. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






26. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






27. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






28. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






29. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






30. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






31. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






32. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






33. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






34. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






35. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






36. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






37. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






38. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






39. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






40. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






41. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






42. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






43. Hawthorne effect






44. Illusion of control






45. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






46. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






47. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






48. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






49. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






50. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






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