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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Doll preference studies
Illusion of control
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Self-serving attributional bias
Peter principle
2. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Compassionate love
False consensus bias
Trucking company game
Equity theory
3. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Fritz Heider
doll preference studies
Base-rate fallacy
Attraction (in order of importance)
4. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Social Psychology
Barrier (life space)
Excitation-transfer theory
Stanley MIlgram (study)
5. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Muzafer Sherif
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Attribution theory
Reciprocal interaction
6. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Hindsight bias
Attribution theory
Fritz Heider
Base-rate fallacy
7. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Social exchange theory
Oversimplification
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Prisoner'S dilemma
8. Elaboration likelihood model
Norman Triplett
Harold Kelley
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Reactance
9. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Social exchange theory
Walter Dill Scott
Richard Nisbett
Robbers' cave experiment
10. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Self-perception theory
Sleeper effect
M. Rokeach
11. Hawthorne effect
Lee Ross
Henry Landsberger
Base-rate fallacy
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
12. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Sociotechnical systems
Muzafer Sherif
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
13. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Groupthink
Self-monitoring
Acceptance
14. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Vector (life space)
Compliance
Attraction (in order of importance)
Harold Kelley
15. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Field theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
Lee Ross
Valence (life space)
16. Just world bias
Henry Landsberger
deindividuation
Social loafing
M.J.Lerner
17. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Hazel Markus
Attitude
Just world bias
Compliance
18. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Reactance
Compassionate love
Halo effect
Overjustification effect
19. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Hazel Markus
Kurt Lewin
Group polarization
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
20. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Solomon Asch
bystander effect
Attitude
21. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Sleeper effect
Leon Festinger
Life space
Mere-exposure effect
22. Assuming most other people think as you do
False consensus bias
Illusory correlation
Balance theory
Conformity (types)
23. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Field theory
Objective self-awareness
Just world bias
Trucking company game
24. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Attitude
Social support network
Group polarization
Social facilitation
25. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Gain-loss theory
False consensus bias
M. Rokeach
Hindsight bias
26. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Door-in-the-face
Irving Janis
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Hindsight bias
27. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Inoculation theory
Slippery slope
28. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Reactance
Impression management
Passionate love
Contact (Groups)
29. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Attraction (in order of importance)
competition
McGuire
bystander effect
30. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Reciprocity of disclosure
Gain-loss theory
Robbers' cave experiment
Stuart Valins
31. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reciprocal socialization
Barrier (life space)
Leon Festinger
Hawthorne effect
32. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Availability heuristic
Social loafing
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Attribution theory
33. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Groupthink
Reciprocal socialization
competition
Social Psychology
34. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Sleeper effect
James Stoner
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Harold Kelley
35. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Just world bias
Muzafer Sherif
bystander effect
Attribution theory
36. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Stimulus-overload theory
Social loafing
Paul Ekman
Social Psychology
37. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Solomon Asch
James Stoner
Hawthorne effect
38. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
Self-perception theory
Oversimplification
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
39. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
Oversimplification
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Overjustification effect
40. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Walter Dill Scott
Social facilitation
Inoculation theory
Reciprocal interaction
41. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Stuart Valins
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Pluralistic ignorance
Cognitive dissonance theory
42. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Attribution theory
Availability heuristic
Social facilitation
Self-serving attributional bias
43. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Richard Lazarus
Attribution theory
bystander effect
44. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Stimulus-overload theory
Elaine Hatfield
diffusion of responsibility
Life space
45. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Pluralistic ignorance
Attitude
Peter principle
Role
46. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Dissenter
Kurt Lewin
Groupthink
Pluralistic ignorance
47. Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Hawthorne effect
Cognitive dissonance theory
48. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Representativeness heuristic
deindividuation
elaboration likelihood model
Cognitive dissonance theory
49. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Daryl Bem
Cognitive dissonance theory
Paul Ekman
Richard Nisbett
50. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Balance theory
Henry Landsberger
Sleeper effect
Life space
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