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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Passionate love
Excitation-transfer theory
Attribution theory
Barrier (life space)
2. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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3. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Norman Triplett
Hindsight bias
Richard Nisbett
Impression management
4. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Harold Kelley
Trucking company game
Illusion of control
Mere-exposure effect
5. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Reciprocal interaction
Trucking company game
Harold Kelley
6. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Slippery slope
doll preference studies
Impression management
Vector (life space)
7. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Prisoner'S dilemma
Risky shift
Sociotechnical systems
Hindsight bias
8. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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9. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
James Stoner
Compliance
Sleeper effect
10. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Groupthink
bystander effect
Halo effect
Risky shift
11. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Base-rate fallacy
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
False consensus bias
Compliance
12. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Inoculation theory
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
M.J.Lerner
Harold Kelley
13. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Balance theory
Irving Janis
elaboration likelihood model
Sleeper effect
14. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Social exchange theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Bogus pipeline
Solomon Asch
15. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Paul Ekman
Life space
Actor-observer attributional divergence
False consensus bias
16. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Attitude
Social facilitation
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Passionate love
17. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Stimulus-overload theory
Dissenter
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Balance theory
18. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Overjustification effect
Life space
Conformity (types)
19. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Self-monitoring
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Sunk cost
Objective self-awareness
20. Assuming most other people think as you do
Bogus pipeline
Paul Ekman
False consensus bias
James Stoner
21. Group polarization
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Social exchange theory
James Stoner
diffusion of responsibility
22. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Just world bias
Life space
Elaine Hatfield
Hazel Markus
23. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
McGuire
Excitation-transfer theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Sunk cost
24. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Robert Zajonc
Overjustification effect
Kurt Lewin
25. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Hazel Markus
Barrier (life space)
Kurt Lewin
Peter principle
26. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Ellen Langer
Acceptance
Contact (Groups)
27. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Cognitive dissonance theory
Reactance
Attitude
Excitation-transfer theory
28. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Stuart Valins
Groupthink
Sunk cost
29. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Acceptance
Stuart Valins
Self-fulfilling prophecy
30. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
Self-serving attributional bias
Harold Kelley
McGuire
31. Hawthorne effect
Social comparison
Social exchange theory
Henry Landsberger
Reciprocal interaction
32. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Life space
Richard Nisbett
Dissenter
33. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Illusion of control
Pluralistic ignorance
Social comparison
34. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Acceptance
Robert Zajonc
Morton Deutsch
35. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Stanley Milgram
Slippery slope
Gain-loss theory
Representativeness heuristic
36. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Just world bias
Conformity (types)
deindividuation
Richard Lazarus
37. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Balance theory
Self-perception theory
Equity theory
Stanley MIlgram (study)
38. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
diffusion of responsibility
Sleeper effect
Kurt Lewin
Norman Triplett
39. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
James Stoner
Field theory
Vector (life space)
Group polarization
40. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Robbers' cave experiment
Bogus pipeline
Leonard Berkowitz
41. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Role
Paul Ekman
Reciprocity of disclosure
42. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Self-serving attributional bias
elaboration likelihood model
Contact (Groups)
Illusory correlation
43. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
False consensus bias
Gain-loss theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
bystander effect
44. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Role
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Elaine Hatfield
McGuire
45. Attribution theory - balance theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
Attribution theory
Inoculation theory
Fritz Heider
46. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Risky shift
Conformity (types)
Harold Kelley
47. Groupthink
Reciprocal interaction
Irving Janis
Passionate love
Door-in-the-face
48. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Kurt Lewin
Social exchange theory
Attitude
49. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Dissenter
Stanley Milgram
Contact (Groups)
Stuart Valins
50. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Groupthink
Trucking company game
Conformity (types)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour