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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Prisoner'S dilemma
Social loafing
James Stoner
Actor-observer attributional divergence
2. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Ellen Langer
Sunk cost
Self-perception theory
3. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
competition
Mere-exposure effect
Hawthorne effect
Sleeper effect
4. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
elaboration likelihood model
Elaine Hatfield
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
5. Assuming most other people think as you do
Leon Festinger
Risky shift
False consensus bias
J. Rodin and E. Langer
6. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Social support network
Attribution theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
7. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Hindsight bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Norman Triplett
Illusory correlation
8. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Illusory correlation
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Reciprocity of disclosure
Leonard Berkowitz
9. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Walter Dill Scott
Self-presentation
10. Elaboration likelihood model
Contact (Groups)
Trucking company game
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Compassionate love
11. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Sleeper effect
Richard Nisbett
Hazel Markus
Self-fulfilling prophecy
12. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
elaboration likelihood model
Passionate love
Robbers' cave experiment
13. Group polarization
Conformity (types)
James Stoner
Excitation-transfer theory
Vector (life space)
14. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
bystander effect
Reciprocity of disclosure
Oversimplification
Trucking company game
15. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Irving Janis
Pluralistic ignorance
Fritz Heider
Just world bias
16. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Social exchange theory
Vector (life space)
Representativeness heuristic
Inoculation theory
17. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
competition
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Bogus pipeline
elaboration likelihood model
18. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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19. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Field theory
Irving Janis
Reciprocal socialization
20. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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21. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Barrier (life space)
False consensus bias
22. Attribution theory - balance theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Henry Landsberger
Fritz Heider
Compassionate love
23. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Illusion of control
Passionate love
Base-rate fallacy
24. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Attraction (in order of importance)
Base-rate fallacy
Role
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
25. Groupthink
Attitude
Fritz Heider
Robert Zajonc
Irving Janis
26. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Door-in-the-face
Barrier (life space)
Norman Triplett
Reciprocal socialization
27. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Vector (life space)
Peter principle
Reciprocal socialization
Acceptance
28. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Balance theory
bystander effect
Door-in-the-face
Ellen Langer
29. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
competition
Contact (Groups)
Robert Zajonc
30. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Social support network
Attitude
Risky shift
Dissenter
31. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Reciprocity of disclosure
Reciprocal socialization
Trucking company game
32. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
Contact (Groups)
M. Rokeach
Kurt Lewin
33. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
doll preference studies
Base-rate fallacy
34. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Role
Sociotechnical systems
Trucking company game
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
35. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Harold Kelley
Acceptance
Availability heuristic
Self-monitoring
36. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Henry Landsberger
Peter principle
Social exchange theory
Contact (Groups)
37. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Kurt Lewin
Harold Kelley
James Stoner
Solomon Asch
38. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Social Psychology
Solomon Asch
M. Rokeach
39. Hawthorne effect
Irving Janis
Excitation-transfer theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Henry Landsberger
40. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Mere-exposure effect
Contact (Groups)
Halo effect
Bogus pipeline
41. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Trucking company game
Richard Nisbett
Irving Janis
Attribution theory
42. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Reciprocity of disclosure
Philip Zimbardo
Morton Deutsch
Stuart Valins
43. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
bystander effect
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Equity theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
44. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Sociotechnical systems
Conformity (types)
Stuart Valins
Risky shift
45. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social support network
Impression management
46. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Groupthink
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Trucking company game
47. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Sleeper effect
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Mere-exposure effect
Oversimplification
48. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Self-serving attributional bias
Reciprocal interaction
Ellen Langer
49. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-serving attributional bias
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Harold Kelley
50. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Cognitive dissonance theory
Kurt Lewin
Harold Kelley
Ingroup/outgroup bias