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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






2. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






3. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






4. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






5. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






6. Attribution theory - balance theory






7. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






8. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






9. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






10. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






11. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






12. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






13. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






14. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






15. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






16. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






17. Person who speaks out against majority






18. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






19. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






20. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






21. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






22. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






23. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






24. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






25. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






26. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






27. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






28. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






29. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






30. Cognitive dissonance theory






31. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






32. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






33. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






34. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






35. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






36. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






37. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






38. Illusion of control






39. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






40. Self-perception theory






41. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






42. Inoculation theory






43. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






44. Groupthink






45. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






46. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






47. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






48. The total influences upon individual behavior






49. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






50. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs