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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






2. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






3. Inoculation theory






4. Elaboration likelihood model






5. Illusion of control






6. Attribution theory - balance theory






7. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






8. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






9. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






10. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






11. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






12. Group polarization






13. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






14. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






15. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






16. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






17. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






18. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






19. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






20. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






21. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






22. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






23. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






24. Cognitive dissonance theory






25. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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26. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






27. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






28. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






29. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






30. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






31. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






32. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






33. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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34. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






35. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






36. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






37. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






38. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






39. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






40. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






41. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






42. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






43. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






44. Doll preference studies






45. Hawthorne effect






46. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






47. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






48. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






49. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






50. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)