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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






2. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






3. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






4. Theory of reasoned action






5. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






6. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






7. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






8. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






9. Groups take greater risks than individuals






10. Groupthink






11. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






12. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






13. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






14. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






15. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






16. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






17. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






18. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






19. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






20. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






21. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






22. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






23. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






24. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






25. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






26. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






27. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






28. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






29. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






30. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






31. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






32. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






33. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






34. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






35. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






36. Self-perception theory






37. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






38. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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39. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






40. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






41. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






42. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






43. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






44. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






45. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






46. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






47. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






48. The total influences upon individual behavior






49. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






50. Illusion of control