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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Field theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Cognitive dissonance theory
Illusory correlation
2. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
Stanley Milgram
3. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
diffusion of responsibility
Stanley Milgram
Sleeper effect
4. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Paul Ekman
Daryl Bem
Attitude
5. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
doll preference studies
Ellen Langer
Risky shift
6. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Role
Oversimplification
Leonard Berkowitz
Overjustification effect
7. Groupthink
Lee Ross
Stuart Valins
Reciprocal socialization
Irving Janis
8. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
James Stoner
Attribution theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Social comparison
9. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Social exchange theory
Peter principle
Door-in-the-face
Conformity (types)
10. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Groupthink
Reactance
Hindsight bias
Attraction (in order of importance)
11. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Attribution theory
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Walter Dill Scott
Bogus pipeline
12. Illusion of control
Stimulus-overload theory
Reciprocal socialization
Ellen Langer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
13. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
Base-rate fallacy
Impression management
M. Rokeach
14. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Role
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Halo effect
15. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Fritz Heider
Norman Triplett
16. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
competition
Leonard Berkowitz
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Groupthink
17. Inoculation theory
M.J.Lerner
McGuire
Mere-exposure effect
J. Rodin and E. Langer
18. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Sleeper effect
Group polarization
Elaine Hatfield
Walter Dill Scott
19. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
Sunk cost
elaboration likelihood model
Muzafer Sherif
20. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Oversimplification
Social exchange theory
Passionate love
Compliance
21. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
deindividuation
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Ellen Langer
Trucking company game
22. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Reactance
Self-serving attributional bias
Richard Nisbett
23. Elaboration likelihood model
Life space
Dissenter
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Role
24. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Robbers' cave experiment
Norman Triplett
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Daryl Bem
25. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
doll preference studies
Life space
Inoculation theory
Passionate love
26. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
Vector (life space)
Cognitive dissonance theory
Social exchange theory
27. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Slippery slope
Excitation-transfer theory
Irving Janis
Valence (life space)
28. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Social facilitation
Morton Deutsch
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
diffusion of responsibility
29. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Richard Lazarus
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Peter principle
Valence (life space)
30. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Valence (life space)
Balance theory
Leon Festinger
Self-monitoring
31. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
Irving Janis
bystander effect
Self-presentation
32. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Irving Janis
Overjustification effect
Bogus pipeline
Groupthink
33. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Representativeness heuristic
Walter Dill Scott
Excitation-transfer theory
Valence (life space)
34. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social loafing
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
diffusion of responsibility
Hindsight bias
35. Cognitive dissonance theory
Life space
Social comparison
Mere-exposure effect
Leon Festinger
36. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Social support network
Valence (life space)
Gain-loss theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
37. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Availability heuristic
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Sleeper effect
38. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Mere-exposure effect
Attraction (in order of importance)
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Elaine Hatfield
39. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Harold Kelley
Inoculation theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
40. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Stuart Valins
Attitude
Social exchange theory
41. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Compliance
Barrier (life space)
Slippery slope
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
42. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Elaine Hatfield
Acceptance
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Stanley MIlgram (study)
43. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Robert Zajonc
Illusory correlation
Overjustification effect
competition
44. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Henry Landsberger
Reciprocal socialization
deindividuation
45. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
competition
Richard Nisbett
46. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Stimulus-overload theory
Peter principle
Base-rate fallacy
47. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
48. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
James Stoner
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Reciprocity of disclosure
Barrier (life space)
49. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Ellen Langer
Leon Festinger
Sunk cost
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
50. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Hawthorne effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Stanley Milgram