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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Leonard Berkowitz
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Richard Nisbett
2. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Overjustification effect
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Reciprocal socialization
Social comparison
3. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Daryl Bem
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Solomon Asch
Sociotechnical systems
4. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Compliance
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Reciprocal interaction
Bogus pipeline
5. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Paul Ekman
Group polarization
Attitude
diffusion of responsibility
6. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Irving Janis
bystander effect
Stanley Milgram
7. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Philip Zimbardo
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Lee Ross
8. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Pluralistic ignorance
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Sleeper effect
Excitation-transfer theory
9. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Balance theory
Halo effect
Self-presentation
Overjustification effect
10. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Attraction (in order of importance)
Attribution theory
Social Psychology
11. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Hindsight bias
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
McGuire
Compassionate love
12. Theory of reasoned action
Field theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
competition
Pluralistic ignorance
13. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Valence (life space)
Impression management
Sunk cost
14. Self-perception theory
Walter Dill Scott
Self-monitoring
Daryl Bem
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
15. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Vector (life space)
Oversimplification
Objective self-awareness
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
16. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Barrier (life space)
Harold Kelley
Reactance
Illusory correlation
17. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Ellen Langer
Role
Self-presentation
Self-serving attributional bias
18. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Conformity (types)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Compliance
doll preference studies
19. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Valence (life space)
Life space
Vector (life space)
Social comparison
20. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Social comparison
Valence (life space)
Elaine Hatfield
21. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Role
Oversimplification
Objective self-awareness
Availability heuristic
22. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Prisoner'S dilemma
Stimulus-overload theory
Groupthink
Mere-exposure effect
23. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
diffusion of responsibility
Henry Landsberger
Dissenter
24. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Availability heuristic
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Kurt Lewin
Compliance
25. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Norman Triplett
Walter Dill Scott
Life space
Social facilitation
26. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Philip Zimbardo
Robert Zajonc
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Sleeper effect
27. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Reciprocal interaction
Equity theory
Social exchange theory
elaboration likelihood model
28. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Barrier (life space)
Just world bias
M. Rokeach
diffusion of responsibility
29. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
M. Rokeach
Inoculation theory
Hindsight bias
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
30. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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31. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Sociotechnical systems
Life space
Reciprocity of disclosure
Contact (Groups)
32. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Attitude
Reciprocal socialization
Gain-loss theory
33. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Hawthorne effect
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Morton Deutsch
Oversimplification
34. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Group polarization
Lee Ross
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Gain-loss theory
35. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Self-serving attributional bias
Balance theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
Reactance
36. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Equity theory
Acceptance
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Life space
37. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Ellen Langer
M. Rokeach
Fritz Heider
Sunk cost
38. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Risky shift
deindividuation
Cognitive dissonance theory
Muzafer Sherif
39. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Risky shift
Harold Kelley
Peter principle
Richard Lazarus
40. Person who speaks out against majority
Dissenter
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Leon Festinger
Self-presentation
41. Attribution theory - balance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Self-perception theory
Social comparison
Fritz Heider
42. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Representativeness heuristic
Stimulus-overload theory
Impression management
43. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Social exchange theory
Illusion of control
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Compliance
44. Hawthorne effect
Muzafer Sherif
Illusion of control
Valence (life space)
Henry Landsberger
45. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Overjustification effect
Role
M. Rokeach
bystander effect
46. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Halo effect
Kurt Lewin
Group polarization
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
47. Inoculation theory
Bogus pipeline
Life space
McGuire
Slippery slope
48. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Ellen Langer
Social exchange theory
Self-perception theory
Hawthorne effect
49. Group polarization
Risky shift
James Stoner
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Halo effect
50. Elaboration likelihood model
deindividuation
Valence (life space)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Henry Landsberger