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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






2. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






3. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






4. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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5. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






6. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






7. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






8. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






9. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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10. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






11. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






12. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






13. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






14. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






15. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






16. The total influences upon individual behavior






17. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






18. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






19. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






20. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






21. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






22. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






23. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






24. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






25. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






26. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






27. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






28. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






29. Person who speaks out against majority






30. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






31. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






32. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






33. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






34. Hawthorne effect






35. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






36. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






37. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






38. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






39. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






40. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






41. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






42. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






43. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






44. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






45. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






46. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






47. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






48. Group polarization






49. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






50. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management