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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cognitive dissonance theory
Contact (Groups)
Gain-loss theory
Leon Festinger
Slippery slope
2. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
McGuire
Role
3. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Slippery slope
Norman Triplett
diffusion of responsibility
Role
4. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Compliance
Vector (life space)
Cognitive dissonance theory
5. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Attitude
Robert Zajonc
doll preference studies
6. Theory of reasoned action
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Risky shift
Paul Ekman
Muzafer Sherif
7. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Sunk cost
Robbers' cave experiment
Stanley Milgram
Daryl Bem
8. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ellen Langer
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Social exchange theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
9. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Reciprocal socialization
Compassionate love
10. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Hawthorne effect
Mere-exposure effect
Self-serving attributional bias
Conformity (types)
11. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Social exchange theory
Hazel Markus
Compassionate love
Stimulus-overload theory
12. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Leonard Berkowitz
Passionate love
False consensus bias
13. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Norman Triplett
deindividuation
Just world bias
Attribution theory
14. Just world bias
Representativeness heuristic
M.J.Lerner
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Balance theory
15. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Reciprocal interaction
Trucking company game
Gain-loss theory
Lee Ross
16. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
elaboration likelihood model
Impression management
Social Psychology
Overjustification effect
17. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Reciprocal socialization
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Illusory correlation
Compliance
18. Doll preference studies
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Fritz Heider
James Stoner
Acceptance
19. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reciprocal socialization
M. Rokeach
Sleeper effect
bystander effect
20. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Inoculation theory
Overjustification effect
Excitation-transfer theory
Group polarization
21. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
diffusion of responsibility
Lee Ross
Attitude
Richard Nisbett
22. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Illusion of control
Oversimplification
Attraction (in order of importance)
Norman Triplett
23. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
doll preference studies
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
diffusion of responsibility
Philip Zimbardo
24. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
M. Rokeach
Social facilitation
False consensus bias
25. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Vector (life space)
Norman Triplett
Stuart Valins
Mere-exposure effect
26. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Self-monitoring
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Group polarization
Compliance
27. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Acceptance
Solomon Asch
Stanley Milgram
Social loafing
28. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Hazel Markus
Social support network
Leon Festinger
29. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Robbers' cave experiment
Social comparison
Self-serving attributional bias
30. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Social support network
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Daryl Bem
Inoculation theory
31. Groupthink
Irving Janis
Objective self-awareness
bystander effect
Stanley Milgram
32. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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33. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Stimulus-overload theory
Halo effect
Social comparison
Objective self-awareness
34. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Attribution theory
Excitation-transfer theory
diffusion of responsibility
Just world bias
35. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Life space
Self-perception theory
Excitation-transfer theory
36. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Peter principle
Cognitive dissonance theory
Lee Ross
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
37. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Sociotechnical systems
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Morton Deutsch
Group polarization
38. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Self-presentation
Gain-loss theory
Role
Inoculation theory
39. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Richard Lazarus
Hindsight bias
Representativeness heuristic
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
40. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Social loafing
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Groupthink
41. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Life space
Self-serving attributional bias
42. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Leonard Berkowitz
Door-in-the-face
Muzafer Sherif
Bogus pipeline
43. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
deindividuation
Self-presentation
Robbers' cave experiment
44. Group polarization
Balance theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Social facilitation
James Stoner
45. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Fritz Heider
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Valence (life space)
46. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Irving Janis
Risky shift
Vector (life space)
47. Self-perception theory
Social facilitation
Daryl Bem
Sociotechnical systems
Risky shift
48. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Trucking company game
Conformity (types)
Halo effect
Stanley Milgram
49. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Richard Lazarus
Inoculation theory
Objective self-awareness
50. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Lee Ross
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Reactance
Valence (life space)
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