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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






2. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






3. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






4. Cognitive dissonance theory






5. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






6. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






7. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






8. Illusion of control






9. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






10. Group polarization






11. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






12. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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13. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






14. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






15. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






16. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






17. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






18. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






19. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






20. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






21. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






22. Self-perception theory






23. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






24. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






25. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






26. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






27. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






28. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






29. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






30. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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31. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






32. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






33. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






34. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






35. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






36. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






37. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






38. Hawthorne effect






39. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






40. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






41. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






42. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






43. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






44. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






45. Inoculation theory






46. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






47. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






48. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






49. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






50. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting