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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






2. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






3. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






4. Hawthorne effect






5. Just world bias






6. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






7. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






8. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






9. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






10. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






11. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






12. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






13. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






14. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






15. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






16. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






17. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






18. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






19. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






20. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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21. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






22. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






23. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






24. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






25. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






26. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






27. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






28. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






29. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






30. Cognitive dissonance theory






31. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






32. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






33. Group polarization






34. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






35. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






36. Person who speaks out against majority






37. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






38. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






39. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






40. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






41. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






42. Groups take greater risks than individuals






43. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






44. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






45. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






46. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






47. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






48. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






49. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






50. Self-perception theory