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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The total influences upon individual behavior
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Daryl Bem
Field theory
Self-presentation
2. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
M.J.Lerner
Availability heuristic
Slippery slope
Sleeper effect
3. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Trucking company game
Contact (Groups)
competition
deindividuation
4. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
competition
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Sleeper effect
5. Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
Prisoner'S dilemma
Objective self-awareness
Reciprocal interaction
6. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Equity theory
Social facilitation
deindividuation
Mere-exposure effect
7. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Passionate love
Equity theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
Pluralistic ignorance
8. Inoculation theory
Richard Lazarus
McGuire
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Representativeness heuristic
9. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Dissenter
Self-monitoring
Role
diffusion of responsibility
10. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Richard Lazarus
Overjustification effect
Trucking company game
11. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Peter principle
Stanley Milgram
Muzafer Sherif
Lee Ross
12. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
McGuire
doll preference studies
Field theory
Bogus pipeline
13. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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14. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Lee Ross
Hawthorne effect
Valence (life space)
15. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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16. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
James Stoner
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Illusory correlation
Contact (Groups)
17. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Self-perception theory
Gain-loss theory
Richard Lazarus
Reciprocal socialization
18. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Sleeper effect
Leon Festinger
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Robert Zajonc
19. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Compliance
Stimulus-overload theory
Role
Self-serving attributional bias
20. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Equity theory
Hawthorne effect
Compassionate love
Vector (life space)
21. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Fritz Heider
Elaine Hatfield
Social loafing
22. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Illusory correlation
Slippery slope
diffusion of responsibility
Philip Zimbardo
23. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Muzafer Sherif
Objective self-awareness
Daryl Bem
24. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Self-presentation
Walter Dill Scott
Social exchange theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy
25. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Balance theory
Equity theory
James Stoner
Attribution theory
26. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Pluralistic ignorance
Philip Zimbardo
Excitation-transfer theory
Self-presentation
27. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Daryl Bem
Representativeness heuristic
Hawthorne effect
Stimulus-overload theory
28. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Robert Zajonc
Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
Reciprocal socialization
29. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Self-fulfilling prophecy
bystander effect
Elaine Hatfield
Stanley Milgram
30. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Excitation-transfer theory
Stanley Milgram
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Self-monitoring
31. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Peter principle
Oversimplification
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Social exchange theory
32. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Stanley Milgram
Irving Janis
33. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Cognitive dissonance theory
Elaine Hatfield
Trucking company game
Daryl Bem
34. Group polarization
Self-serving attributional bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
James Stoner
False consensus bias
35. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Group polarization
Oversimplification
Stuart Valins
Self-presentation
36. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Social support network
Trucking company game
Reciprocity of disclosure
Self-serving attributional bias
37. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
Stimulus-overload theory
Robbers' cave experiment
Irving Janis
38. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Representativeness heuristic
Impression management
Leon Festinger
Robbers' cave experiment
39. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
McGuire
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Groupthink
deindividuation
40. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Availability heuristic
Group polarization
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Valence (life space)
41. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Self-perception theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Trucking company game
Richard Lazarus
42. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Norman Triplett
Solomon Asch
Paul Ekman
Hawthorne effect
43. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
competition
Gain-loss theory
elaboration likelihood model
Actor-observer attributional divergence
44. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Valence (life space)
Illusory correlation
Halo effect
James Stoner
45. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Muzafer Sherif
Kurt Lewin
Inoculation theory
46. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Trucking company game
Balance theory
Objective self-awareness
Social Psychology
47. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
competition
Trucking company game
Contact (Groups)
48. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Acceptance
Lee Ross
Sunk cost
Richard Lazarus
49. Attribution theory - balance theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Fritz Heider
Representativeness heuristic
diffusion of responsibility
50. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Reciprocal socialization
Attitude
Conformity (types)
M. Rokeach