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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Lee Ross
Self-monitoring
Excitation-transfer theory
2. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Acceptance
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Lee Ross
Overjustification effect
3. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Reciprocity of disclosure
Sunk cost
Barrier (life space)
4. Groups take greater risks than individuals
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Risky shift
Representativeness heuristic
Hazel Markus
5. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Valence (life space)
Social support network
Attitude
Hindsight bias
6. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Door-in-the-face
Valence (life space)
Passionate love
7. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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8. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Self-serving attributional bias
Social comparison
Hindsight bias
Bogus pipeline
9. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Social Psychology
Social loafing
Stanley Milgram
Dissenter
10. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Solomon Asch
Pluralistic ignorance
Illusion of control
Self-presentation
11. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
deindividuation
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Barrier (life space)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
12. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Actor-observer attributional divergence
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Stimulus-overload theory
13. Person who speaks out against majority
Dissenter
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Stanley Milgram
Leonard Berkowitz
14. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Life space
Ellen Langer
Inoculation theory
Social comparison
15. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Bogus pipeline
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Illusion of control
Availability heuristic
16. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Groupthink
Peter principle
Role
17. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Balance theory
Barrier (life space)
Pluralistic ignorance
18. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
Lee Ross
M. Rokeach
Impression management
19. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Dissenter
McGuire
Gain-loss theory
Irving Janis
20. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Stimulus-overload theory
Sunk cost
Compassionate love
21. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Door-in-the-face
doll preference studies
Field theory
Social facilitation
22. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Attraction (in order of importance)
Gain-loss theory
Bogus pipeline
23. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
Attraction (in order of importance)
Walter Dill Scott
Inoculation theory
24. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Mere-exposure effect
Life space
Inoculation theory
Leonard Berkowitz
25. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
competition
Life space
Prisoner'S dilemma
Excitation-transfer theory
26. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Overjustification effect
Slippery slope
Self-serving attributional bias
Hazel Markus
27. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Inoculation theory
Illusion of control
Illusory correlation
Group polarization
28. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Equity theory
Norman Triplett
Compliance
Kurt Lewin
29. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Robert Zajonc
Barrier (life space)
Groupthink
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
30. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Illusory correlation
Passionate love
Field theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
31. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
elaboration likelihood model
M.J.Lerner
diffusion of responsibility
Sociotechnical systems
32. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Attitude
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Attribution theory
Slippery slope
33. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Hazel Markus
deindividuation
Compassionate love
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
34. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
False consensus bias
Oversimplification
Reciprocal interaction
Reactance
35. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Sleeper effect
competition
Elaine Hatfield
Walter Dill Scott
36. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
elaboration likelihood model
Attribution theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Passionate love
37. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Barrier (life space)
Leonard Berkowitz
Gain-loss theory
38. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
Reciprocal interaction
Acceptance
Hawthorne effect
39. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Role
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Richard Nisbett
Self-presentation
40. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Leon Festinger
Henry Landsberger
Harold Kelley
Walter Dill Scott
41. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Sociotechnical systems
Vector (life space)
Illusion of control
Morton Deutsch
42. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Just world bias
Balance theory
elaboration likelihood model
Inoculation theory
43. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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44. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Passionate love
Illusory correlation
Attitude
Actor-observer attributional divergence
45. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Self-monitoring
Hawthorne effect
McGuire
Valence (life space)
46. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Cognitive dissonance theory
Door-in-the-face
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Compliance
47. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Richard Lazarus
Stuart Valins
Leonard Berkowitz
Hazel Markus
48. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Reciprocity of disclosure
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Mere-exposure effect
Hawthorne effect
49. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Reciprocal socialization
Dissenter
Henry Landsberger
Attraction (in order of importance)
50. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Valence (life space)
competition