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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






2. Elaboration likelihood model






3. Assuming most other people think as you do






4. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






5. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






6. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






7. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






8. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






9. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






10. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






11. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






12. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






13. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






14. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






15. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






16. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






17. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






18. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






19. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






20. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






21. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






22. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






23. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






24. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






25. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






26. Inoculation theory






27. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






28. Groups take greater risks than individuals






29. Doll preference studies






30. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






31. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






32. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






33. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






34. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






35. Just world bias






36. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






37. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






38. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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39. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






40. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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41. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






42. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






43. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






44. Hawthorne effect






45. Attribution theory - balance theory






46. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






47. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






48. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






49. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






50. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression