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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






2. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






3. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






4. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






5. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






6. Group polarization






7. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






8. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






9. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






10. The total influences upon individual behavior






11. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






12. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






13. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






14. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






15. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






16. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






17. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






18. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






19. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






20. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






21. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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22. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






23. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






24. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






25. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






26. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






27. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






28. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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29. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






30. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






31. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






32. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






33. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






34. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






35. Elaboration likelihood model






36. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






37. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






38. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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39. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






40. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






41. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






42. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






43. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






44. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






45. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






46. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






47. Hawthorne effect






48. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






49. Assuming most other people think as you do






50. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim







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