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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Role
Self-perception theory
Acceptance
2. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Slippery slope
Prisoner'S dilemma
Elaine Hatfield
3. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Stimulus-overload theory
Irving Janis
doll preference studies
Social Psychology
4. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Richard Nisbett
Irving Janis
Kurt Lewin
5. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Henry Landsberger
Bogus pipeline
Contact (Groups)
Social facilitation
6. Inoculation theory
Robert Zajonc
Illusion of control
McGuire
Equity theory
7. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Mere-exposure effect
Barrier (life space)
Leonard Berkowitz
Sunk cost
8. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Trucking company game
Self-monitoring
Richard Nisbett
Balance theory
9. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Oversimplification
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Richard Lazarus
10. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Sunk cost
Attitude
Inoculation theory
Acceptance
11. Theory of reasoned action
Paul Ekman
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Muzafer Sherif
Vector (life space)
12. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Muzafer Sherif
Irving Janis
Kurt Lewin
Hindsight bias
13. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Role
Social loafing
Inoculation theory
Self-presentation
14. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Vector (life space)
Sleeper effect
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
15. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Stanley MIlgram (study)
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Availability heuristic
Hazel Markus
16. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Field theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Richard Nisbett
Morton Deutsch
17. Hawthorne effect
Trucking company game
Groupthink
Leonard Berkowitz
Henry Landsberger
18. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Social exchange theory
Risky shift
Dissenter
19. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Door-in-the-face
Impression management
Richard Lazarus
Illusory correlation
20. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Reciprocal interaction
Slippery slope
Norman Triplett
Self-presentation
21. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Prisoner'S dilemma
Representativeness heuristic
Equity theory
Richard Nisbett
22. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Attitude
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Bogus pipeline
Social exchange theory
23. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Groupthink
Sleeper effect
Door-in-the-face
Harold Kelley
24. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Philip Zimbardo
Field theory
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Henry Landsberger
25. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Peter principle
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Sleeper effect
Mere-exposure effect
26. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Elaine Hatfield
Conformity (types)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Solomon Asch
27. Doll preference studies
Pluralistic ignorance
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Hindsight bias
Overjustification effect
28. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Robbers' cave experiment
Self-presentation
Harold Kelley
Social exchange theory
29. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Philip Zimbardo
Fritz Heider
Just world bias
Groupthink
30. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Life space
Overjustification effect
Stanley Milgram
31. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Compliance
Barrier (life space)
Objective self-awareness
Stimulus-overload theory
32. Groupthink
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Illusion of control
Compassionate love
Irving Janis
33. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Lee Ross
Cognitive dissonance theory
Mere-exposure effect
Compliance
34. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Oversimplification
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Self-monitoring
Kurt Lewin
35. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Trucking company game
Lee Ross
Base-rate fallacy
Robert Zajonc
36. The total influences upon individual behavior
Field theory
Contact (Groups)
Compliance
Walter Dill Scott
37. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
Representativeness heuristic
Passionate love
Impression management
38. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-serving attributional bias
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Ingroup/outgroup bias
39. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Dissenter
Halo effect
Morton Deutsch
Leonard Berkowitz
40. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Field theory
Attitude
Group polarization
Sociotechnical systems
41. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Cognitive dissonance theory
Social loafing
Pluralistic ignorance
Valence (life space)
42. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Bogus pipeline
False consensus bias
Walter Dill Scott
Elaine Hatfield
43. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
competition
Contact (Groups)
Mere-exposure effect
Elaine Hatfield
44. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Social comparison
Excitation-transfer theory
Group polarization
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
45. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
46. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
diffusion of responsibility
Life space
47. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Pluralistic ignorance
Just world bias
Life space
48. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Henry Landsberger
Social loafing
Risky shift
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
49. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Contact (Groups)
Sleeper effect
Richard Lazarus
Reciprocal interaction
50. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Morton Deutsch
Muzafer Sherif
Lee Ross
bystander effect