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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Objective self-awareness
Impression management
Trucking company game
Hawthorne effect
2. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Availability heuristic
McGuire
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Lee Ross
3. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Social comparison
Prisoner'S dilemma
Hazel Markus
Compliance
4. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Kurt Lewin
Self-fulfilling prophecy
James Stoner
Richard Lazarus
5. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Cognitive dissonance theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Bogus pipeline
Contact (Groups)
6. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Valence (life space)
Social support network
Self-presentation
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
7. The total influences upon individual behavior
Group polarization
Reactance
Reciprocal socialization
Field theory
8. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Pluralistic ignorance
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Solomon Asch
Walter Dill Scott
9. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Attraction (in order of importance)
Representativeness heuristic
Barrier (life space)
Passionate love
10. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Attraction (in order of importance)
Base-rate fallacy
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
11. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Excitation-transfer theory
deindividuation
competition
Dissenter
12. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Reciprocity of disclosure
Bogus pipeline
Social facilitation
Walter Dill Scott
13. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
diffusion of responsibility
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Halo effect
Robbers' cave experiment
14. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Gain-loss theory
Robbers' cave experiment
Paul Ekman
Peter principle
15. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Base-rate fallacy
Impression management
deindividuation
16. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Robbers' cave experiment
Reciprocal socialization
Self-presentation
Leonard Berkowitz
17. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Barrier (life space)
Representativeness heuristic
Self-presentation
18. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Philip Zimbardo
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Acceptance
19. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Groupthink
Conformity (types)
20. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Objective self-awareness
Acceptance
James Stoner
Robert Zajonc
21. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Muzafer Sherif
Reciprocal socialization
M.J.Lerner
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
22. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Self-monitoring
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Norman Triplett
Sunk cost
23. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Trucking company game
Stuart Valins
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Social Psychology
24. Attribution theory - balance theory
Pluralistic ignorance
Fritz Heider
Objective self-awareness
Self-perception theory
25. Hawthorne effect
Lee Ross
False consensus bias
Henry Landsberger
Impression management
26. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
bystander effect
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Irving Janis
Objective self-awareness
27. Cognitive dissonance theory
Risky shift
Leon Festinger
M.J.Lerner
Social comparison
28. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Representativeness heuristic
Solomon Asch
elaboration likelihood model
29. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
diffusion of responsibility
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Robert Zajonc
30. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
diffusion of responsibility
Morton Deutsch
Bogus pipeline
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
31. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Social exchange theory
Inoculation theory
Social comparison
Self-perception theory
32. Inoculation theory
Groupthink
Paul Ekman
McGuire
Attribution theory
33. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
False consensus bias
Social facilitation
McGuire
Just world bias
34. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Equity theory
False consensus bias
Gain-loss theory
Daryl Bem
35. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Sleeper effect
Richard Nisbett
Just world bias
Ingroup/outgroup bias
36. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
37. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-monitoring
Prisoner'S dilemma
Illusory correlation
38. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Door-in-the-face
Muzafer Sherif
Reactance
Lee Ross
39. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Risky shift
Equity theory
Social loafing
Hindsight bias
40. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Bogus pipeline
Social comparison
Representativeness heuristic
Stimulus-overload theory
41. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Risky shift
Walter Dill Scott
Conformity (types)
Ellen Langer
42. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Inoculation theory
Impression management
Lee Ross
Fritz Heider
43. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Conformity (types)
Attraction (in order of importance)
Ellen Langer
Representativeness heuristic
44. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Oversimplification
Halo effect
Group polarization
Henry Landsberger
45. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Philip Zimbardo
Objective self-awareness
Dissenter
46. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Prisoner'S dilemma
Groupthink
Inoculation theory
Paul Ekman
47. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Life space
Conformity (types)
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Acceptance
48. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Representativeness heuristic
Risky shift
Pluralistic ignorance
Attraction (in order of importance)
49. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
Harold Kelley
Philip Zimbardo
Sociotechnical systems
50. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Norman Triplett
Illusory correlation
Hawthorne effect
Illusion of control