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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Illusion of control






2. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






3. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






4. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






5. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






6. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






7. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






8. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






9. Attribution theory - balance theory






10. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






11. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






12. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






13. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






14. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






15. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






16. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






17. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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18. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






19. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






20. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






21. Hawthorne effect






22. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






23. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






24. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






25. Self-perception theory






26. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






27. Elaboration likelihood model






28. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






29. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






30. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






31. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






32. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






33. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






34. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






35. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






36. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






37. Groupthink






38. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






39. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






40. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






41. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






42. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






43. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






44. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






45. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






46. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






47. Person who speaks out against majority






48. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






49. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






50. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better