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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






2. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






3. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






4. Attribution theory - balance theory






5. The total influences upon individual behavior






6. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






7. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






8. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






9. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






10. Elaboration likelihood model






11. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






12. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






13. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






14. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






15. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






16. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






17. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






18. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






19. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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20. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






21. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






22. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






23. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






24. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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25. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






26. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






27. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






28. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






29. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






30. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






31. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






32. Illusion of control






33. Self-perception theory






34. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






35. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






36. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






37. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






38. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






39. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






40. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






41. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






42. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






43. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






44. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






45. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






46. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






47. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






48. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






49. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






50. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health