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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Irving Janis
Balance theory
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Ellen Langer
2. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Philip Zimbardo
Social exchange theory
Norman Triplett
Valence (life space)
3. Person who speaks out against majority
Paul Ekman
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Dissenter
Robbers' cave experiment
4. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Self-monitoring
Reciprocal interaction
Risky shift
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
5. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Acceptance
Door-in-the-face
6. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Henry Landsberger
Self-presentation
Mere-exposure effect
Self-monitoring
7. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
Social Psychology
Paul Ekman
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
8. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Representativeness heuristic
Elaine Hatfield
Objective self-awareness
J. Rodin and E. Langer
9. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Passionate love
deindividuation
J. Rodin and E. Langer
False consensus bias
10. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Pluralistic ignorance
Morton Deutsch
Sleeper effect
Risky shift
11. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Ellen Langer
Illusory correlation
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Availability heuristic
12. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Passionate love
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Inoculation theory
Base-rate fallacy
13. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Base-rate fallacy
Reactance
Balance theory
elaboration likelihood model
14. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Robert Zajonc
Impression management
Trucking company game
Sociotechnical systems
15. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
Reciprocity of disclosure
Muzafer Sherif
Compliance
16. Groupthink
Irving Janis
Muzafer Sherif
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Illusion of control
17. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Compliance
Pluralistic ignorance
Reciprocal interaction
Self-monitoring
18. Assuming most other people think as you do
James Stoner
False consensus bias
Impression management
Stanley MIlgram (study)
19. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Sociotechnical systems
Social comparison
Group polarization
Compassionate love
20. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Bogus pipeline
Daryl Bem
Compassionate love
21. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Reciprocal interaction
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Compliance
22. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Self-monitoring
Daryl Bem
Conformity (types)
Richard Lazarus
23. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Life space
Hawthorne effect
Excitation-transfer theory
Muzafer Sherif
24. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Bogus pipeline
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Morton Deutsch
Equity theory
25. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Valence (life space)
Leon Festinger
Self-presentation
Social comparison
26. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Contact (Groups)
Hawthorne effect
Attraction (in order of importance)
Prisoner'S dilemma
27. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Muzafer Sherif
Philip Zimbardo
Acceptance
Conformity (types)
28. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Hazel Markus
Solomon Asch
Paul Ekman
Attribution theory
29. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Richard Lazarus
M. Rokeach
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
30. Self-perception theory
Group polarization
Daryl Bem
Sociotechnical systems
Compliance
31. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Sociotechnical systems
James Stoner
Ellen Langer
32. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
competition
Stuart Valins
elaboration likelihood model
Hindsight bias
33. Illusion of control
Muzafer Sherif
Ellen Langer
Solomon Asch
False consensus bias
34. Theory of reasoned action
Ellen Langer
Field theory
Stanley Milgram
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
35. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Acceptance
Compliance
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Inoculation theory
36. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Impression management
Attribution theory
Hindsight bias
Social Psychology
37. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Just world bias
Field theory
Gain-loss theory
Base-rate fallacy
38. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Stanley Milgram
Reciprocal socialization
bystander effect
Paul Ekman
39. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
Illusory correlation
Reciprocity of disclosure
Reciprocal interaction
40. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Paul Ekman
Social exchange theory
Role
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
41. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Richard Nisbett
McGuire
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Harold Kelley
42. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Door-in-the-face
Reciprocal interaction
Reciprocity of disclosure
competition
43. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Philip Zimbardo
Stimulus-overload theory
Conformity (types)
Stanley Milgram
44. Elaboration likelihood model
Conformity (types)
Attitude
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
45. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Stuart Valins
Morton Deutsch
Leon Festinger
Compliance
46. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Attraction (in order of importance)
Norman Triplett
Objective self-awareness
47. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
McGuire
Reciprocal socialization
Compliance
Richard Lazarus
48. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Self-perception theory
Elaine Hatfield
Slippery slope
Kurt Lewin
49. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Stanley Milgram
Group polarization
Harold Kelley
Base-rate fallacy
50. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Equity theory
Gain-loss theory