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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Social Psychology
Hawthorne effect
Muzafer Sherif
Group polarization
2. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Hazel Markus
Richard Nisbett
Availability heuristic
Compassionate love
3. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Reactance
Kurt Lewin
Stanley Milgram
Just world bias
4. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Availability heuristic
Objective self-awareness
bystander effect
Harold Kelley
5. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Base-rate fallacy
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Sunk cost
Compassionate love
6. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reactance
Reciprocal socialization
Richard Nisbett
Self-monitoring
7. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Richard Lazarus
Groupthink
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Door-in-the-face
8. Just world bias
Field theory
M.J.Lerner
Henry Landsberger
M. Rokeach
9. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Paul Ekman
Compassionate love
Representativeness heuristic
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
10. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Illusion of control
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Richard Nisbett
Lee Ross
11. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Stuart Valins
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Base-rate fallacy
James Stoner
12. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
M. Rokeach
M.J.Lerner
Walter Dill Scott
Robert Zajonc
13. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Base-rate fallacy
Self-monitoring
Stuart Valins
bystander effect
14. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Group polarization
Muzafer Sherif
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
15. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Norman Triplett
Leonard Berkowitz
Cognitive dissonance theory
Conformity (types)
16. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Prisoner'S dilemma
Richard Nisbett
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Self-presentation
17. Inoculation theory
Leonard Berkowitz
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
McGuire
Social comparison
18. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Hindsight bias
doll preference studies
19. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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20. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Walter Dill Scott
Oversimplification
Solomon Asch
Social comparison
21. Elaboration likelihood model
Balance theory
Just world bias
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Self-monitoring
22. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
James Stoner
Philip Zimbardo
Robbers' cave experiment
Contact (Groups)
23. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Stuart Valins
deindividuation
Conformity (types)
24. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Self-perception theory
Dissenter
diffusion of responsibility
25. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Pluralistic ignorance
Passionate love
Social facilitation
Hindsight bias
26. Doll preference studies
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Ingroup/outgroup bias
False consensus bias
27. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
M.J.Lerner
Excitation-transfer theory
Groupthink
Attraction (in order of importance)
28. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Hindsight bias
Field theory
elaboration likelihood model
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
29. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
Social Psychology
Valence (life space)
Richard Lazarus
30. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Social support network
Base-rate fallacy
Norman Triplett
Self-monitoring
31. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
M. Rokeach
Kurt Lewin
Sunk cost
Stimulus-overload theory
32. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Objective self-awareness
elaboration likelihood model
Robert Zajonc
Excitation-transfer theory
33. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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34. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Attribution theory
Acceptance
Availability heuristic
35. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Attitude
Inoculation theory
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Norman Triplett
36. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Objective self-awareness
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Self-presentation
Slippery slope
37. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social loafing
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Hawthorne effect
38. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Leonard Berkowitz
Social exchange theory
deindividuation
Stimulus-overload theory
39. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Gain-loss theory
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Walter Dill Scott
40. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
elaboration likelihood model
Philip Zimbardo
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Representativeness heuristic
41. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Overjustification effect
Excitation-transfer theory
Gain-loss theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
42. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Richard Lazarus
Daryl Bem
Risky shift
43. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Mere-exposure effect
Prisoner'S dilemma
doll preference studies
Equity theory
44. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Kurt Lewin
Trucking company game
Reciprocal interaction
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
45. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Prisoner'S dilemma
Norman Triplett
Trucking company game
Social support network
46. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Equity theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
Elaine Hatfield
Risky shift
47. The total influences upon individual behavior
Reciprocal socialization
Robbers' cave experiment
Field theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
48. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Sleeper effect
Actor-observer attributional divergence
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Peter principle
49. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Robbers' cave experiment
elaboration likelihood model
Base-rate fallacy
50. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Henry Landsberger
Valence (life space)
Robbers' cave experiment
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen