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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Vector (life space)
Compliance
Self-serving attributional bias
Elaine Hatfield
2. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
James Stoner
Risky shift
Just world bias
Availability heuristic
3. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Impression management
Trucking company game
Cognitive dissonance theory
4. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Attraction (in order of importance)
Reciprocal socialization
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Pluralistic ignorance
5. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Robert Zajonc
Lee Ross
Attitude
6. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Valence (life space)
Conformity (types)
Hawthorne effect
Life space
7. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
M.J.Lerner
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Objective self-awareness
8. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Overjustification effect
Reciprocal interaction
Robert Zajonc
Risky shift
9. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
elaboration likelihood model
Balance theory
deindividuation
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
10. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
Equity theory
Oversimplification
diffusion of responsibility
11. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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12. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
James Stoner
Hindsight bias
Life space
Harold Kelley
13. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Objective self-awareness
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Trucking company game
Valence (life space)
14. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Elaine Hatfield
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Attraction (in order of importance)
Robert Zajonc
15. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Attitude
Attribution theory
Self-perception theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
16. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Attraction (in order of importance)
Halo effect
Cognitive dissonance theory
Slippery slope
17. Self-perception theory
Conformity (types)
Daryl Bem
Leon Festinger
Self-presentation
18. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Base-rate fallacy
Attitude
Door-in-the-face
Irving Janis
19. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Paul Ekman
Walter Dill Scott
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Norman Triplett
20. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Lee Ross
Pluralistic ignorance
Philip Zimbardo
Representativeness heuristic
21. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Reciprocal socialization
Social facilitation
Peter principle
Equity theory
22. Cognitive dissonance theory
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Inoculation theory
Robbers' cave experiment
Leon Festinger
23. Doll preference studies
Peter principle
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Risky shift
Lee Ross
24. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Social facilitation
Hindsight bias
Inoculation theory
Richard Nisbett
25. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Just world bias
Availability heuristic
Overjustification effect
Barrier (life space)
26. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
James Stoner
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Bogus pipeline
Kurt Lewin
27. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Role
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Hazel Markus
Ingroup/outgroup bias
28. Elaboration likelihood model
Valence (life space)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Equity theory
Henry Landsberger
29. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Role
Attribution theory
30. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
competition
Stanley Milgram
Attitude
Leon Festinger
31. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Attraction (in order of importance)
Irving Janis
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Inoculation theory
32. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Ellen Langer
Self-presentation
Mere-exposure effect
Stanley Milgram
33. Just world bias
Mere-exposure effect
M.J.Lerner
Peter principle
Sleeper effect
34. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Halo effect
Self-perception theory
Oversimplification
Bogus pipeline
35. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Group polarization
Sunk cost
competition
Irving Janis
36. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Prisoner'S dilemma
Ellen Langer
Life space
Self-monitoring
37. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
M. Rokeach
Lee Ross
competition
Attraction (in order of importance)
38. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Muzafer Sherif
Groupthink
Just world bias
Harold Kelley
39. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Attraction (in order of importance)
Excitation-transfer theory
Self-presentation
40. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Stuart Valins
Harold Kelley
Lee Ross
Social loafing
41. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Elaine Hatfield
Slippery slope
Role
Representativeness heuristic
42. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Dissenter
Daryl Bem
Richard Lazarus
Robert Zajonc
43. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Kurt Lewin
M.J.Lerner
Reciprocal socialization
44. Inoculation theory
Equity theory
McGuire
Irving Janis
Impression management
45. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Representativeness heuristic
Sociotechnical systems
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
doll preference studies
46. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Vector (life space)
Impression management
Illusion of control
Attribution theory
47. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Ingroup/outgroup bias
doll preference studies
Life space
Peter principle
48. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Objective self-awareness
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Impression management
Irving Janis
49. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Just world bias
Vector (life space)
competition
Equity theory
50. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Prisoner'S dilemma
Social facilitation
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Slippery slope
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