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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Philip Zimbardo
Attribution theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Cognitive dissonance theory
2. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Self-serving attributional bias
M.J.Lerner
3. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Social Psychology
Sleeper effect
Stuart Valins
Richard Lazarus
4. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Pluralistic ignorance
Social Psychology
Philip Zimbardo
Balance theory
5. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Trucking company game
Hindsight bias
elaboration likelihood model
Self-fulfilling prophecy
6. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Group polarization
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Self-serving attributional bias
7. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Base-rate fallacy
diffusion of responsibility
Groupthink
Just world bias
8. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Balance theory
Social Psychology
Door-in-the-face
Social support network
9. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Conformity (types)
Illusory correlation
Compassionate love
Mere-exposure effect
10. Elaboration likelihood model
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Illusion of control
Halo effect
11. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Social loafing
Valence (life space)
Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
12. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Acceptance
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Groupthink
Muzafer Sherif
13. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Self-fulfilling prophecy
M. Rokeach
Compliance
Richard Lazarus
14. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
Excitation-transfer theory
Valence (life space)
Daryl Bem
15. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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16. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Stanley Milgram
Contact (Groups)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Social exchange theory
17. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
Irving Janis
Peter principle
Actor-observer attributional divergence
18. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Solomon Asch
James Stoner
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Reciprocal interaction
19. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Philip Zimbardo
Morton Deutsch
Richard Lazarus
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
20. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Stuart Valins
Barrier (life space)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Solomon Asch
21. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
diffusion of responsibility
Passionate love
Self-fulfilling prophecy
deindividuation
22. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Irving Janis
Excitation-transfer theory
Attribution theory
Overjustification effect
23. Just world bias
Muzafer Sherif
McGuire
M.J.Lerner
Stuart Valins
24. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Stuart Valins
Conformity (types)
25. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
diffusion of responsibility
Hawthorne effect
Social comparison
Role
26. Inoculation theory
McGuire
Sociotechnical systems
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Equity theory
27. Groupthink
Objective self-awareness
Irving Janis
Richard Nisbett
Vector (life space)
28. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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29. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Conformity (types)
Prisoner'S dilemma
Equity theory
doll preference studies
30. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Norman Triplett
elaboration likelihood model
Irving Janis
Acceptance
31. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Just world bias
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Gain-loss theory
Lee Ross
32. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Risky shift
Gain-loss theory
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Sunk cost
33. Theory of reasoned action
Door-in-the-face
Robert Zajonc
Conformity (types)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
34. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Conformity (types)
McGuire
Walter Dill Scott
Stanley MIlgram (study)
35. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Just world bias
Morton Deutsch
doll preference studies
Ingroup/outgroup bias
36. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
False consensus bias
Balance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
Elaine Hatfield
37. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Social comparison
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Self-perception theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
38. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Impression management
Sleeper effect
Group polarization
39. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Walter Dill Scott
Leon Festinger
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Solomon Asch
40. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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41. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
Philip Zimbardo
Harold Kelley
Lee Ross
42. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
False consensus bias
diffusion of responsibility
Self-serving attributional bias
43. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
diffusion of responsibility
M. Rokeach
Self-serving attributional bias
44. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Harold Kelley
Social loafing
Illusory correlation
Groupthink
45. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Reactance
Bogus pipeline
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Balance theory
46. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Stimulus-overload theory
Field theory
doll preference studies
Stanley Milgram
47. Hawthorne effect
Risky shift
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Self-perception theory
Henry Landsberger
48. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Excitation-transfer theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Henry Landsberger
Reciprocity of disclosure
49. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social comparison
McGuire
competition
Excitation-transfer theory
50. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Robbers' cave experiment
Ellen Langer
Field theory
Stuart Valins