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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






2. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






3. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






4. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






5. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






6. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






7. Elaboration likelihood model






8. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






9. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






10. Just world bias






11. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






12. Cognitive dissonance theory






13. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






14. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






15. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






16. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






17. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






18. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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19. Doll preference studies






20. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






21. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






22. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






23. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






24. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






25. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






26. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






27. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






28. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






29. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






30. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






31. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






32. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






33. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






34. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






35. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






36. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






37. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






38. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






39. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






40. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






41. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






42. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






43. Hawthorne effect






44. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






45. Assuming most other people think as you do






46. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






47. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






48. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






49. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






50. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety