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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






2. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






3. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






4. Attribution theory - balance theory






5. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






6. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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7. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






8. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






9. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






10. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






11. Illusion of control






12. Cognitive dissonance theory






13. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






14. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






15. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






16. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






17. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






18. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






19. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






20. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






21. Hawthorne effect






22. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






23. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






24. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






25. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






26. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






27. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






28. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






29. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






30. Theory of reasoned action






31. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






32. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






33. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






34. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






35. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






36. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






37. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






38. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






39. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






40. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






41. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






42. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






43. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






44. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






45. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






46. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






47. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






48. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






49. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






50. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b







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