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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






2. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






3. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






4. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






5. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






6. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






7. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition






8. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






9. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






10. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






11. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






12. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






13. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






14. Group polarization






15. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






16. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






17. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






18. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






19. Inoculation theory






20. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






21. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






22. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






23. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






24. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






25. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






26. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






27. Theory of reasoned action






28. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






29. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






30. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






31. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






32. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






33. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






34. Cognitive dissonance theory






35. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






36. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






37. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






38. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






39. Doll preference studies






40. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






41. Illusion of control






42. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






43. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






44. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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45. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






46. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






47. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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48. Attribution theory - balance theory






49. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






50. Assuming most other people think as you do







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