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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Just world bias
Stanley Milgram
M.J.Lerner
Life space
Leonard Berkowitz
2. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Social exchange theory
Social Psychology
Reciprocity of disclosure
Self-presentation
3. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Equity theory
Availability heuristic
Balance theory
Just world bias
4. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Hawthorne effect
Lee Ross
Hazel Markus
5. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Stanley Milgram
deindividuation
Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
6. The total influences upon individual behavior
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Field theory
Hazel Markus
Impression management
7. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Reciprocity of disclosure
M. Rokeach
Solomon Asch
Groupthink
8. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Compassionate love
Valence (life space)
Social Psychology
Group polarization
9. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Slippery slope
Leonard Berkowitz
Halo effect
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
10. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Self-presentation
Self-serving attributional bias
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Attribution theory
11. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Availability heuristic
Fritz Heider
Philip Zimbardo
Social exchange theory
12. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Group polarization
Social support network
Self-monitoring
Morton Deutsch
13. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Prisoner'S dilemma
Elaine Hatfield
14. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Sociotechnical systems
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
15. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
diffusion of responsibility
Valence (life space)
False consensus bias
Illusory correlation
16. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Hindsight bias
Irving Janis
Lee Ross
Social comparison
17. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Morton Deutsch
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Walter Dill Scott
Irving Janis
18. Assuming most other people think as you do
Peter principle
M. Rokeach
Excitation-transfer theory
False consensus bias
19. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Reciprocal socialization
Richard Lazarus
Conformity (types)
Elaine Hatfield
20. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
doll preference studies
Group polarization
False consensus bias
Stanley MIlgram (study)
21. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Role
Fritz Heider
Ingroup/outgroup bias
22. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Muzafer Sherif
Reciprocal socialization
Life space
Attitude
23. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Bogus pipeline
Attitude
competition
Trucking company game
24. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Contact (Groups)
Cognitive dissonance theory
Morton Deutsch
Impression management
25. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Balance theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
26. Doll preference studies
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Representativeness heuristic
Mere-exposure effect
27. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Social loafing
Gain-loss theory
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
28. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Risky shift
Social exchange theory
Contact (Groups)
Richard Lazarus
29. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Self-monitoring
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Social loafing
Morton Deutsch
30. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
False consensus bias
Impression management
Contact (Groups)
Self-monitoring
31. Self-perception theory
Walter Dill Scott
Daryl Bem
Philip Zimbardo
Attraction (in order of importance)
32. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Stanley Milgram
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Sunk cost
Walter Dill Scott
33. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Vector (life space)
Passionate love
Morton Deutsch
Hawthorne effect
34. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Stuart Valins
competition
Leonard Berkowitz
Robert Zajonc
35. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Philip Zimbardo
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Reciprocal socialization
Equity theory
36. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Mere-exposure effect
Equity theory
37. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Leonard Berkowitz
Richard Lazarus
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Sociotechnical systems
38. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Reciprocity of disclosure
Inoculation theory
Gain-loss theory
39. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Social support network
doll preference studies
Richard Lazarus
Muzafer Sherif
40. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Passionate love
Hindsight bias
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
41. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Balance theory
Trucking company game
competition
Base-rate fallacy
42. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Life space
elaboration likelihood model
Trucking company game
Inoculation theory
43. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
deindividuation
Reactance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Richard Nisbett
44. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
Kurt Lewin
Acceptance
Paul Ekman
45. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Overjustification effect
James Stoner
doll preference studies
Social exchange theory
46. Elaboration likelihood model
Barrier (life space)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Hawthorne effect
Compliance
47. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Harold Kelley
Lee Ross
bystander effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
48. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
McGuire
Social facilitation
Hindsight bias
Door-in-the-face
49. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Attraction (in order of importance)
Compassionate love
Lee Ross
Solomon Asch
50. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Stimulus-overload theory
Social loafing
Base-rate fallacy