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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Balance theory
Stanley Milgram
Leonard Berkowitz
Stuart Valins
2. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Richard Nisbett
Attitude
Pluralistic ignorance
Robbers' cave experiment
3. Illusion of control
Solomon Asch
Ellen Langer
Group polarization
Door-in-the-face
4. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Harold Kelley
Self-serving attributional bias
Attribution theory
Lee Ross
5. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Inoculation theory
Halo effect
Equity theory
6. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Stimulus-overload theory
Elaine Hatfield
Objective self-awareness
M. Rokeach
7. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Richard Nisbett
Social loafing
Field theory
8. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Trucking company game
Social exchange theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Fritz Heider
9. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
bystander effect
Leonard Berkowitz
Compassionate love
Self-monitoring
10. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
doll preference studies
Availability heuristic
Self-fulfilling prophecy
11. Theory of reasoned action
Harold Kelley
elaboration likelihood model
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Social loafing
12. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Attribution theory
Dissenter
Contact (Groups)
Self-monitoring
13. Doll preference studies
Pluralistic ignorance
Role
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Richard Lazarus
14. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Elaine Hatfield
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Attribution theory
Stanley MIlgram (study)
15. Groupthink
Leonard Berkowitz
Life space
Irving Janis
Walter Dill Scott
16. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Fritz Heider
Robert Zajonc
Attitude
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
17. Cognitive dissonance theory
Morton Deutsch
Base-rate fallacy
Leon Festinger
Life space
18. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Objective self-awareness
Availability heuristic
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Social loafing
19. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Group polarization
Leon Festinger
Excitation-transfer theory
Social loafing
20. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Social Psychology
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Robert Zajonc
21. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Stanley Milgram
Sociotechnical systems
Pluralistic ignorance
Fritz Heider
22. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Elaine Hatfield
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Paul Ekman
23. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Door-in-the-face
Social Psychology
Kurt Lewin
Social comparison
24. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Solomon Asch
deindividuation
Stuart Valins
J. Rodin and E. Langer
25. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
False consensus bias
Richard Nisbett
Self-serving attributional bias
Slippery slope
26. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Risky shift
Gain-loss theory
Group polarization
Henry Landsberger
27. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Just world bias
Group polarization
Barrier (life space)
Robert Zajonc
28. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Compassionate love
Self-monitoring
Prisoner'S dilemma
29. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Social exchange theory
Group polarization
Prisoner'S dilemma
30. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Stanley Milgram
Social exchange theory
Self-perception theory
Trucking company game
31. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Muzafer Sherif
Illusion of control
32. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Availability heuristic
Sunk cost
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Stuart Valins
33. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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34. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Oversimplification
Passionate love
Reciprocity of disclosure
Reciprocal interaction
35. Assuming most other people think as you do
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Robert Zajonc
False consensus bias
Ellen Langer
36. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Sunk cost
Daryl Bem
Slippery slope
Availability heuristic
37. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Bogus pipeline
Paul Ekman
Oversimplification
Stanley MIlgram (study)
38. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Ellen Langer
Impression management
Availability heuristic
39. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Social exchange theory
Henry Landsberger
Barrier (life space)
Field theory
40. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social exchange theory
Hindsight bias
Bogus pipeline
Social comparison
41. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Just world bias
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Leonard Berkowitz
Social loafing
42. Group polarization
James Stoner
Mere-exposure effect
Philip Zimbardo
Social Psychology
43. Person who speaks out against majority
Reciprocity of disclosure
Stimulus-overload theory
Group polarization
Dissenter
44. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Overjustification effect
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Reciprocity of disclosure
Role
45. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Reciprocity of disclosure
Self-perception theory
Hawthorne effect
Social comparison
46. Attribution theory - balance theory
Robert Zajonc
Fritz Heider
Hindsight bias
doll preference studies
47. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
Attraction (in order of importance)
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Robbers' cave experiment
48. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Philip Zimbardo
Attribution theory
Actor-observer attributional divergence
49. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Equity theory
Trucking company game
Valence (life space)
Sleeper effect
50. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
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