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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Excitation-transfer theory
McGuire
Lee Ross
Ingroup/outgroup bias
2. Assuming most other people think as you do
Gain-loss theory
False consensus bias
M. Rokeach
Fritz Heider
3. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Groupthink
Stuart Valins
Pluralistic ignorance
Barrier (life space)
4. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Social Psychology
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Illusion of control
Actor-observer attributional divergence
5. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Robbers' cave experiment
Illusion of control
Mere-exposure effect
6. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Trucking company game
Impression management
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Reactance
7. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Hazel Markus
Group polarization
Self-presentation
Illusory correlation
8. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
deindividuation
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Harold Kelley
Life space
9. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Social facilitation
Muzafer Sherif
Role
10. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Henry Landsberger
Hindsight bias
Door-in-the-face
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
11. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
bystander effect
Self-perception theory
Group polarization
Robert Zajonc
12. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
False consensus bias
Trucking company game
Excitation-transfer theory
Dissenter
13. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
bystander effect
Morton Deutsch
Attribution theory
14. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Stuart Valins
Role
Pluralistic ignorance
Equity theory
15. Just world bias
Groupthink
M.J.Lerner
elaboration likelihood model
Risky shift
16. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Social comparison
Groupthink
Ellen Langer
Social facilitation
17. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Pluralistic ignorance
diffusion of responsibility
Self-perception theory
Valence (life space)
18. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Self-serving attributional bias
elaboration likelihood model
M.J.Lerner
Self-presentation
19. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Social facilitation
Morton Deutsch
deindividuation
20. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Slippery slope
Paul Ekman
Balance theory
doll preference studies
21. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Attitude
Kurt Lewin
Cognitive dissonance theory
McGuire
22. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Pluralistic ignorance
Halo effect
Vector (life space)
Dissenter
23. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Paul Ekman
Availability heuristic
Richard Lazarus
Barrier (life space)
24. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Acceptance
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Contact (Groups)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
25. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Self-presentation
Norman Triplett
Just world bias
doll preference studies
26. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Sunk cost
Slippery slope
Solomon Asch
Bogus pipeline
27. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
Role
Ingroup/outgroup bias
competition
28. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Dissenter
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Conformity (types)
29. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Base-rate fallacy
Life space
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Reciprocity of disclosure
30. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Social comparison
Harold Kelley
Norman Triplett
Muzafer Sherif
31. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
M. Rokeach
Philip Zimbardo
Objective self-awareness
Ingroup/outgroup bias
32. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Social Psychology
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Lee Ross
Harold Kelley
33. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
M.J.Lerner
Gain-loss theory
Overjustification effect
34. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Valence (life space)
Attitude
Role
Social comparison
35. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Leonard Berkowitz
Ellen Langer
Self-fulfilling prophecy
36. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Oversimplification
Peter principle
Philip Zimbardo
Sociotechnical systems
37. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Compliance
M.J.Lerner
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Trucking company game
38. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Elaine Hatfield
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
J. Rodin and E. Langer
39. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Compassionate love
Attitude
Harold Kelley
Robbers' cave experiment
40. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Bogus pipeline
elaboration likelihood model
Walter Dill Scott
Gain-loss theory
41. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Group polarization
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Compliance
Social facilitation
42. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Irving Janis
Door-in-the-face
Hindsight bias
Life space
43. Doll preference studies
Reciprocal socialization
Illusory correlation
Social Psychology
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
44. Elaboration likelihood model
Impression management
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Barrier (life space)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
45. Attribution theory - balance theory
Richard Lazarus
Norman Triplett
Risky shift
Fritz Heider
46. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social loafing
Prisoner'S dilemma
Stimulus-overload theory
Availability heuristic
47. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Illusory correlation
Risky shift
Attraction (in order of importance)
M.J.Lerner
48. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
False consensus bias
Hawthorne effect
Contact (Groups)
Balance theory
49. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Illusion of control
Social support network
Reciprocal socialization
Kurt Lewin
50. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Stimulus-overload theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Robert Zajonc