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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
doll preference studies
False consensus bias
Pluralistic ignorance
Norman Triplett
2. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Balance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
3. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Life space
Sleeper effect
Leon Festinger
Peter principle
4. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
bystander effect
Overjustification effect
Leon Festinger
Ingroup/outgroup bias
5. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Walter Dill Scott
Field theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Compliance
6. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
bystander effect
Richard Lazarus
Social loafing
7. Groupthink
Irving Janis
deindividuation
Robbers' cave experiment
Cognitive dissonance theory
8. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Social Psychology
Group polarization
Reciprocal interaction
Social support network
9. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Base-rate fallacy
bystander effect
Sunk cost
10. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Base-rate fallacy
Trucking company game
Objective self-awareness
Illusory correlation
11. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
diffusion of responsibility
Reciprocal socialization
Social loafing
12. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Impression management
Richard Nisbett
Ellen Langer
Hindsight bias
13. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Inoculation theory
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Compassionate love
14. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Stuart Valins
Compassionate love
Richard Nisbett
Pluralistic ignorance
15. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Role
Muzafer Sherif
Representativeness heuristic
Equity theory
16. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
doll preference studies
Stuart Valins
Richard Lazarus
Conformity (types)
17. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Ellen Langer
Self-monitoring
Availability heuristic
18. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Muzafer Sherif
19. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
elaboration likelihood model
Passionate love
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Peter principle
20. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Halo effect
Harold Kelley
Sunk cost
21. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Cognitive dissonance theory
Halo effect
Robert Zajonc
22. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Self-perception theory
diffusion of responsibility
Availability heuristic
23. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Daryl Bem
J. Rodin and E. Langer
bystander effect
Social Psychology
24. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Door-in-the-face
M.J.Lerner
McGuire
Social loafing
25. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Paul Ekman
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Attitude
Mere-exposure effect
26. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social comparison
Compassionate love
Role
Hindsight bias
27. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Irving Janis
elaboration likelihood model
Richard Nisbett
Illusory correlation
28. Self-perception theory
Self-perception theory
bystander effect
Availability heuristic
Daryl Bem
29. Inoculation theory
McGuire
Group polarization
Harold Kelley
Self-monitoring
30. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Stuart Valins
31. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Door-in-the-face
Bogus pipeline
Dissenter
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
32. Hawthorne effect
Leonard Berkowitz
Social facilitation
Henry Landsberger
bystander effect
33. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Pluralistic ignorance
Dissenter
Solomon Asch
Attitude
34. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Self-serving attributional bias
Social support network
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
35. Assuming most other people think as you do
Leonard Berkowitz
False consensus bias
Leon Festinger
Reciprocal socialization
36. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
False consensus bias
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Inoculation theory
Groupthink
37. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Lee Ross
Prisoner'S dilemma
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
38. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Trucking company game
Self-presentation
Solomon Asch
Peter principle
39. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Life space
Trucking company game
Attitude
Reciprocity of disclosure
40. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Attribution theory
Objective self-awareness
Social facilitation
Risky shift
41. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Field theory
Social support network
Peter principle
Group polarization
42. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Sleeper effect
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Reciprocity of disclosure
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
43. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Just world bias
Base-rate fallacy
Lee Ross
44. Doll preference studies
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Morton Deutsch
Compliance
45. Theory of reasoned action
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Leon Festinger
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Robbers' cave experiment
46. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Risky shift
M. Rokeach
Excitation-transfer theory
False consensus bias
47. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Attitude
Lee Ross
Richard Nisbett
Stimulus-overload theory
48. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Kurt Lewin
Leonard Berkowitz
Social loafing
49. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Walter Dill Scott
Passionate love
doll preference studies
Ellen Langer
50. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Robert Zajonc
Dissenter
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