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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






2. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






3. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






4. Theory of reasoned action






5. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






6. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






7. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






8. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






9. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






10. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






11. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






12. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






13. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






14. Elaboration likelihood model






15. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






16. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






17. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






18. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






19. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






20. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






21. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






22. Inoculation theory






23. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






24. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






25. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






26. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






27. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






28. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






29. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






30. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






31. Cognitive dissonance theory






32. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






33. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






34. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






35. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






36. Group polarization






37. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






38. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






39. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






40. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






41. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






42. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






43. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






44. Groups take greater risks than individuals






45. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






46. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






47. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






48. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






49. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






50. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour