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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






2. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






3. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






4. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action






5. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






6. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






7. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






8. Just world bias






9. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment






10. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






11. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






12. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






13. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






14. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






15. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






16. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






17. Inoculation theory






18. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






19. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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20. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






21. Elaboration likelihood model






22. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






23. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






24. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






25. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






26. Doll preference studies






27. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






28. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors






29. Hawthorne effect






30. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






31. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






32. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






33. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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34. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






35. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






36. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






37. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






38. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






39. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






40. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






41. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






42. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






43. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






44. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






45. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






46. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






47. The total influences upon individual behavior






48. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






49. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






50. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger