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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Compliance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Norman Triplett
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
2. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
James Stoner
Self-perception theory
Hazel Markus
Stimulus-overload theory
3. Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Stimulus-overload theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Attribution theory
4. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Attraction (in order of importance)
Daryl Bem
Kurt Lewin
Hindsight bias
5. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Mere-exposure effect
Representativeness heuristic
6. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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7. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Social Psychology
Bogus pipeline
Hazel Markus
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
8. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Hazel Markus
Equity theory
Social exchange theory
Sunk cost
9. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Harold Kelley
Daryl Bem
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Stanley MIlgram (study)
10. Assuming most other people think as you do
diffusion of responsibility
False consensus bias
Compliance
Ellen Langer
11. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Pluralistic ignorance
Acceptance
Morton Deutsch
Field theory
12. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Inoculation theory
Self-presentation
Barrier (life space)
13. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Social exchange theory
Hindsight bias
Excitation-transfer theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
14. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Hazel Markus
Dissenter
Attraction (in order of importance)
bystander effect
15. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Reciprocity of disclosure
Illusion of control
Attraction (in order of importance)
16. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Hindsight bias
McGuire
17. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Life space
Muzafer Sherif
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
18. The total influences upon individual behavior
Field theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Philip Zimbardo
Vector (life space)
19. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
McGuire
Stimulus-overload theory
Richard Lazarus
Life space
20. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Attraction (in order of importance)
Objective self-awareness
Elaine Hatfield
Balance theory
21. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Morton Deutsch
Equity theory
Barrier (life space)
Reactance
22. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Overjustification effect
bystander effect
Social facilitation
Sleeper effect
23. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Self-presentation
Base-rate fallacy
Social loafing
competition
24. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Reciprocal interaction
Sunk cost
competition
Leon Festinger
25. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Reactance
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Availability heuristic
Role
26. Person who speaks out against majority
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Representativeness heuristic
Dissenter
Philip Zimbardo
27. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Henry Landsberger
Base-rate fallacy
28. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Illusory correlation
Social comparison
Self-presentation
29. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Richard Nisbett
M. Rokeach
Halo effect
Balance theory
30. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Vector (life space)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
M. Rokeach
Richard Lazarus
31. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Walter Dill Scott
Representativeness heuristic
Pluralistic ignorance
Slippery slope
32. Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
Acceptance
Dissenter
Illusion of control
33. Cognitive dissonance theory
M. Rokeach
Oversimplification
Leon Festinger
Stimulus-overload theory
34. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Leonard Berkowitz
Cognitive dissonance theory
diffusion of responsibility
Richard Lazarus
35. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Barrier (life space)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Fritz Heider
Social Psychology
36. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Passionate love
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Reciprocity of disclosure
37. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Vector (life space)
Bogus pipeline
Norman Triplett
Gain-loss theory
38. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Trucking company game
Leonard Berkowitz
Availability heuristic
39. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Social support network
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Reciprocity of disclosure
Conformity (types)
40. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Social loafing
Reciprocal socialization
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Self-serving attributional bias
41. Doll preference studies
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Hawthorne effect
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
42. Self-perception theory
Halo effect
Paul Ekman
False consensus bias
Daryl Bem
43. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Sleeper effect
Attraction (in order of importance)
Just world bias
Kurt Lewin
44. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Reactance
Reciprocal socialization
Compliance
Mere-exposure effect
45. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Stanley MIlgram (study)
competition
Social facilitation
46. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Ellen Langer
Walter Dill Scott
McGuire
Valence (life space)
47. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Impression management
diffusion of responsibility
48. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Door-in-the-face
Groupthink
Slippery slope
Fritz Heider
49. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Peter principle
Reciprocal interaction
Risky shift
Fritz Heider
50. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Slippery slope
Compassionate love
Acceptance
Morton Deutsch