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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-serving attributional bias
Role
McGuire
Trucking company game
2. Illusion of control
Norman Triplett
Ellen Langer
Field theory
Leonard Berkowitz
3. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Lee Ross
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Sleeper effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
4. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Representativeness heuristic
Ellen Langer
competition
Robert Zajonc
5. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
Harold Kelley
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
6. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Cognitive dissonance theory
Muzafer Sherif
Stuart Valins
Attribution theory
7. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Mere-exposure effect
Reciprocity of disclosure
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
8. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Field theory
Illusory correlation
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Henry Landsberger
9. Doll preference studies
Gain-loss theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Balance theory
10. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Peter principle
Door-in-the-face
Illusory correlation
Acceptance
11. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Peter principle
Groupthink
Henry Landsberger
12. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Hindsight bias
Social exchange theory
competition
Irving Janis
13. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Just world bias
Leon Festinger
Social comparison
Fritz Heider
14. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
M. Rokeach
Stuart Valins
Hawthorne effect
Equity theory
15. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Door-in-the-face
Compliance
Self-serving attributional bias
16. Person who speaks out against majority
Dissenter
Compassionate love
Henry Landsberger
Ingroup/outgroup bias
17. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Attitude
Fritz Heider
Contact (Groups)
18. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Objective self-awareness
Self-presentation
Just world bias
Social comparison
19. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Muzafer Sherif
Cognitive dissonance theory
Hazel Markus
Self-monitoring
20. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Social exchange theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Conformity (types)
Cognitive dissonance theory
21. Inoculation theory
Social exchange theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Social comparison
McGuire
22. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Life space
Attraction (in order of importance)
Pluralistic ignorance
Oversimplification
23. Cognitive dissonance theory
deindividuation
Leon Festinger
Compassionate love
Daryl Bem
24. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Richard Lazarus
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Overjustification effect
Muzafer Sherif
25. The total influences upon individual behavior
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Illusion of control
Harold Kelley
Field theory
26. Self-perception theory
Daryl Bem
doll preference studies
Stimulus-overload theory
Stanley Milgram
27. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Equity theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Henry Landsberger
28. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Balance theory
Norman Triplett
diffusion of responsibility
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
29. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Sleeper effect
Contact (Groups)
Reciprocity of disclosure
Life space
30. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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31. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Excitation-transfer theory
Reactance
Richard Nisbett
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
32. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Groupthink
Availability heuristic
Social facilitation
bystander effect
33. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Self-serving attributional bias
James Stoner
Social loafing
34. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Kurt Lewin
Acceptance
Leon Festinger
Representativeness heuristic
35. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Self-presentation
Reciprocity of disclosure
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Valence (life space)
36. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Self-monitoring
Availability heuristic
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Impression management
37. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
M. Rokeach
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Social exchange theory
Leonard Berkowitz
38. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Social facilitation
Robbers' cave experiment
Gain-loss theory
Elaine Hatfield
39. Assuming most other people think as you do
False consensus bias
Self-perception theory
Reactance
Passionate love
40. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Illusory correlation
Harold Kelley
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Pluralistic ignorance
41. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
42. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Peter principle
Role
Muzafer Sherif
Harold Kelley
43. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
bystander effect
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
44. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
Slippery slope
Groupthink
Excitation-transfer theory
45. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Bogus pipeline
Self-presentation
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Norman Triplett
46. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Self-monitoring
Door-in-the-face
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Self-perception theory
47. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Harold Kelley
Self-monitoring
Fritz Heider
Leonard Berkowitz
48. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Objective self-awareness
Philip Zimbardo
Slippery slope
Stuart Valins
49. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Acceptance
Self-serving attributional bias
Vector (life space)
Sociotechnical systems
50. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Hawthorne effect
Walter Dill Scott
Oversimplification
Stimulus-overload theory