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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Richard Lazarus
Impression management
Ellen Langer
Prisoner'S dilemma
2. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Fritz Heider
Bogus pipeline
Daryl Bem
Richard Nisbett
3. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Illusory correlation
Balance theory
Hawthorne effect
4. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Stuart Valins
Social Psychology
Risky shift
5. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Richard Lazarus
Acceptance
Groupthink
Peter principle
6. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Norman Triplett
Self-monitoring
Social facilitation
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
7. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Robert Zajonc
Representativeness heuristic
M. Rokeach
8. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Mere-exposure effect
J. Rodin and E. Langer
McGuire
deindividuation
9. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Valence (life space)
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Reciprocal socialization
10. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Compassionate love
Social comparison
Reciprocal socialization
Self-presentation
11. Doll preference studies
Henry Landsberger
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Impression management
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
12. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Halo effect
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Vector (life space)
Sociotechnical systems
13. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Attitude
Field theory
Inoculation theory
Passionate love
14. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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15. Attribution theory - balance theory
Daryl Bem
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Barrier (life space)
Fritz Heider
16. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Sociotechnical systems
Representativeness heuristic
Bogus pipeline
17. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Impression management
Barrier (life space)
Attitude
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
18. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
elaboration likelihood model
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Self-perception theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
19. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Social Psychology
Trucking company game
Leonard Berkowitz
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
20. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Leonard Berkowitz
competition
McGuire
Representativeness heuristic
21. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Attribution theory
Lee Ross
Objective self-awareness
Actor-observer attributional divergence
22. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Cognitive dissonance theory
Stanley Milgram
Daryl Bem
Sociotechnical systems
23. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Attraction (in order of importance)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
diffusion of responsibility
Lee Ross
24. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Sociotechnical systems
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Prisoner'S dilemma
25. Cognitive dissonance theory
elaboration likelihood model
Attribution theory
Leon Festinger
Stuart Valins
26. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Attraction (in order of importance)
Stuart Valins
Muzafer Sherif
M. Rokeach
27. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Equity theory
Social comparison
Attribution theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
28. Just world bias
Vector (life space)
M.J.Lerner
Robert Zajonc
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
29. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Dissenter
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Paul Ekman
Compassionate love
30. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Leonard Berkowitz
bystander effect
Equity theory
Impression management
31. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Acceptance
Morton Deutsch
Leon Festinger
Compliance
32. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Barrier (life space)
Door-in-the-face
Sleeper effect
Reciprocal interaction
33. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Excitation-transfer theory
Reciprocal interaction
Slippery slope
Attraction (in order of importance)
34. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
James Stoner
Vector (life space)
Attitude
Attraction (in order of importance)
35. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Passionate love
Balance theory
Stimulus-overload theory
Compassionate love
36. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Hawthorne effect
Prisoner'S dilemma
37. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
False consensus bias
Compliance
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Walter Dill Scott
38. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Paul Ekman
Mere-exposure effect
Balance theory
Solomon Asch
39. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
deindividuation
M. Rokeach
Richard Lazarus
Inoculation theory
40. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
deindividuation
Attitude
Illusion of control
Muzafer Sherif
41. Self-perception theory
Leonard Berkowitz
Sleeper effect
Sociotechnical systems
Daryl Bem
42. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Robbers' cave experiment
Self-serving attributional bias
Walter Dill Scott
43. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
James Stoner
Norman Triplett
False consensus bias
Acceptance
44. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Ellen Langer
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Social exchange theory
45. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Hazel Markus
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Sleeper effect
Social facilitation
46. Inoculation theory
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Paul Ekman
McGuire
Halo effect
47. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Social exchange theory
Trucking company game
Just world bias
Gain-loss theory
48. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Sociotechnical systems
doll preference studies
Just world bias
Elaine Hatfield
49. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Group polarization
Elaine Hatfield
Availability heuristic
Reciprocal interaction
50. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Attraction (in order of importance)
Lee Ross
Barrier (life space)