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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






2. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






3. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






4. Theory of reasoned action






5. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






6. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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7. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






8. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






9. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






10. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






11. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b






12. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






13. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






14. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






15. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






16. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






17. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later






18. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






19. Elaboration likelihood model






20. The total influences upon individual behavior






21. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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22. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






23. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






24. Person who speaks out against majority






25. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)






26. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger






27. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






28. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






29. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






30. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






31. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance






32. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






33. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






34. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






35. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






36. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






37. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






38. Hawthorne effect






39. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






40. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






41. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






42. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






43. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






44. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






45. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






46. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






47. Group polarization






48. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






49. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities






50. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it