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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Groupthink
Valence (life space)
Risky shift
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
2. Assuming most other people think as you do
Attitude
False consensus bias
Risky shift
Self-fulfilling prophecy
3. Group polarization
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Robbers' cave experiment
James Stoner
Ellen Langer
4. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Hawthorne effect
Oversimplification
Pluralistic ignorance
bystander effect
5. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Risky shift
Richard Nisbett
Compassionate love
6. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
bystander effect
Attitude
Sociotechnical systems
Equity theory
7. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Prisoner'S dilemma
Hawthorne effect
Impression management
Irving Janis
8. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Social Psychology
Stimulus-overload theory
Peter principle
Life space
9. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
M. Rokeach
Attraction (in order of importance)
10. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Paul Ekman
Halo effect
Morton Deutsch
Robert Zajonc
11. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Stimulus-overload theory
Self-presentation
Illusory correlation
Sleeper effect
12. Elaboration likelihood model
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Self-presentation
Just world bias
Peter principle
13. Groupthink
Irving Janis
Role
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Pluralistic ignorance
14. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Social facilitation
Philip Zimbardo
Social exchange theory
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
15. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Solomon Asch
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Conformity (types)
Compassionate love
16. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Sleeper effect
Social facilitation
Lee Ross
Group polarization
17. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Philip Zimbardo
Life space
Richard Lazarus
Hawthorne effect
18. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Cognitive dissonance theory
McGuire
Reciprocity of disclosure
Self-presentation
19. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Kurt Lewin
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Prisoner'S dilemma
Self-fulfilling prophecy
20. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Norman Triplett
Muzafer Sherif
Attribution theory
Vector (life space)
21. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Self-monitoring
Compliance
Field theory
22. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Social loafing
Oversimplification
bystander effect
Self-monitoring
23. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
Stuart Valins
Social exchange theory
Self-perception theory
24. The total influences upon individual behavior
Field theory
Henry Landsberger
Representativeness heuristic
Illusion of control
25. Illusion of control
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Social loafing
Ellen Langer
M. Rokeach
26. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Base-rate fallacy
Elaine Hatfield
Gain-loss theory
Stimulus-overload theory
27. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Reciprocal socialization
Slippery slope
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Daryl Bem
28. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
diffusion of responsibility
Overjustification effect
Impression management
Reciprocal socialization
29. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
deindividuation
James Stoner
Hawthorne effect
30. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
False consensus bias
Prisoner'S dilemma
Reactance
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
31. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Bogus pipeline
Pluralistic ignorance
Kurt Lewin
Vector (life space)
32. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Leon Festinger
Fritz Heider
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Halo effect
33. Attribution theory - balance theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Hindsight bias
Solomon Asch
Fritz Heider
34. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Reciprocal socialization
Valence (life space)
Sunk cost
Door-in-the-face
35. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Social comparison
Social exchange theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy
36. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
37. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Lee Ross
Paul Ekman
Norman Triplett
38. Theory of reasoned action
Role
M. Rokeach
Halo effect
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
39. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Norman Triplett
Kurt Lewin
Daryl Bem
40. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
McGuire
Social exchange theory
Door-in-the-face
Reciprocal interaction
41. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Hawthorne effect
Fritz Heider
Just world bias
Peter principle
42. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Robbers' cave experiment
Slippery slope
Hindsight bias
43. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Acceptance
Sunk cost
Daryl Bem
Social loafing
44. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Cognitive dissonance theory
Henry Landsberger
M. Rokeach
diffusion of responsibility
45. Self-perception theory
Social facilitation
Daryl Bem
McGuire
Attitude
46. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
Contact (Groups)
Self-perception theory
Reciprocal interaction
47. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
competition
Philip Zimbardo
Cognitive dissonance theory
48. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Social facilitation
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Self-monitoring
Self-presentation
49. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Compassionate love
Reactance
Passionate love
Equity theory
50. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument