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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
M. Rokeach
doll preference studies
Social comparison
Stimulus-overload theory
2. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Hazel Markus
Compliance
Self-serving attributional bias
Life space
3. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Reciprocal interaction
Bogus pipeline
Philip Zimbardo
Harold Kelley
4. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
deindividuation
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Door-in-the-face
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
5. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Lee Ross
Attitude
Representativeness heuristic
Philip Zimbardo
6. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Leonard Berkowitz
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Group polarization
Muzafer Sherif
7. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Sleeper effect
Impression management
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
8. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Base-rate fallacy
McGuire
Door-in-the-face
Norman Triplett
9. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Gain-loss theory
Sociotechnical systems
Philip Zimbardo
10. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Field theory
McGuire
Lee Ross
11. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Barrier (life space)
Objective self-awareness
Norman Triplett
Philip Zimbardo
12. Groupthink
elaboration likelihood model
Irving Janis
Self-monitoring
Self-serving attributional bias
13. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Impression management
Compliance
Illusory correlation
Leon Festinger
14. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Compliance
Halo effect
Muzafer Sherif
Risky shift
15. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Stuart Valins
Availability heuristic
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Elaine Hatfield
16. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Risky shift
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Hazel Markus
Mere-exposure effect
17. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Solomon Asch
Social exchange theory
Daryl Bem
bystander effect
18. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Representativeness heuristic
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Oversimplification
19. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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20. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Richard Nisbett
Pluralistic ignorance
deindividuation
Walter Dill Scott
21. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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22. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Compliance
Role
Morton Deutsch
23. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Robert Zajonc
M.J.Lerner
Muzafer Sherif
doll preference studies
24. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Attitude
Fritz Heider
Conformity (types)
Reactance
25. Groups take greater risks than individuals
doll preference studies
Risky shift
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Morton Deutsch
26. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Illusory correlation
Robert Zajonc
Self-presentation
Paul Ekman
27. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Social loafing
Hazel Markus
Contact (Groups)
Ellen Langer
28. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Lee Ross
Self-serving attributional bias
Stuart Valins
Attribution theory
29. Inoculation theory
Social Psychology
McGuire
Dissenter
Reciprocity of disclosure
30. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Acceptance
J. Rodin and E. Langer
M. Rokeach
Prisoner'S dilemma
31. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Paul Ekman
Richard Nisbett
Just world bias
McGuire
32. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Self-perception theory
Conformity (types)
M.J.Lerner
Solomon Asch
33. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Availability heuristic
Leonard Berkowitz
Norman Triplett
Passionate love
34. Illusion of control
Ellen Langer
Compliance
Reciprocal socialization
Life space
35. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Ellen Langer
Morton Deutsch
Richard Lazarus
36. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Leon Festinger
Gain-loss theory
doll preference studies
Illusion of control
37. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Social loafing
Kurt Lewin
Harold Kelley
Representativeness heuristic
38. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
Kurt Lewin
Self-presentation
Lee Ross
39. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Objective self-awareness
Richard Nisbett
Group polarization
Reciprocal socialization
40. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Morton Deutsch
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Reactance
Richard Lazarus
41. Assuming most other people think as you do
Walter Dill Scott
Illusion of control
False consensus bias
Mere-exposure effect
42. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Inoculation theory
Compliance
Robbers' cave experiment
Representativeness heuristic
43. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Cognitive dissonance theory
Barrier (life space)
Role
Muzafer Sherif
44. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Cognitive dissonance theory
Life space
Social loafing
Field theory
45. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
diffusion of responsibility
Overjustification effect
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Ellen Langer
46. Doll preference studies
Richard Nisbett
Just world bias
James Stoner
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
47. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Irving Janis
Cognitive dissonance theory
Self-serving attributional bias
48. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Self-perception theory
doll preference studies
Self-monitoring
49. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social comparison
Robert Zajonc
Reciprocity of disclosure
Richard Nisbett
50. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Social Psychology
Barrier (life space)
diffusion of responsibility
Risky shift