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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Door-in-the-face
Illusory correlation
Reciprocal interaction
Inoculation theory
2. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Lee Ross
Stuart Valins
Stanley Milgram
Hazel Markus
3. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Slippery slope
False consensus bias
Overjustification effect
Reciprocal socialization
4. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Slippery slope
Daryl Bem
M. Rokeach
bystander effect
5. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Leonard Berkowitz
Pluralistic ignorance
Kurt Lewin
Risky shift
6. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Gain-loss theory
Balance theory
Mere-exposure effect
Dissenter
7. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Passionate love
Fritz Heider
Sunk cost
Self-serving attributional bias
8. Groupthink
Equity theory
Representativeness heuristic
Gain-loss theory
Irving Janis
9. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Sleeper effect
Self-monitoring
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Social exchange theory
10. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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11. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Ellen Langer
Elaine Hatfield
Richard Lazarus
Illusory correlation
12. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Reactance
Compassionate love
Solomon Asch
Group polarization
13. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Availability heuristic
Risky shift
doll preference studies
Representativeness heuristic
14. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Group polarization
Sociotechnical systems
Harold Kelley
False consensus bias
15. Doll preference studies
Role
Robbers' cave experiment
Peter principle
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
16. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Henry Landsberger
Richard Nisbett
Just world bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
17. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Life space
doll preference studies
Illusory correlation
Stimulus-overload theory
18. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Leon Festinger
Slippery slope
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Sunk cost
19. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Attraction (in order of importance)
Dissenter
Reciprocal interaction
Paul Ekman
20. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Compassionate love
Leonard Berkowitz
bystander effect
21. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression
Walter Dill Scott
Excitation-transfer theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Reciprocal interaction
22. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Sunk cost
Door-in-the-face
Oversimplification
Role
23. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Passionate love
Sociotechnical systems
Self-presentation
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
24. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Vector (life space)
Groupthink
Richard Lazarus
Sunk cost
25. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Valence (life space)
Leonard Berkowitz
Barrier (life space)
Gain-loss theory
26. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Self-perception theory
Sleeper effect
Groupthink
Impression management
27. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Passionate love
Trucking company game
Philip Zimbardo
28. Person who speaks out against majority
Dissenter
Equity theory
Barrier (life space)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
29. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
deindividuation
Reciprocal interaction
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Balance theory
30. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Harold Kelley
Stimulus-overload theory
Elaine Hatfield
Reactance
31. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Self-perception theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Impression management
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
32. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Sunk cost
Attribution theory
Vector (life space)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
33. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Trucking company game
Attribution theory
Door-in-the-face
Henry Landsberger
34. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Illusion of control
Richard Lazarus
Overjustification effect
Oversimplification
35. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Halo effect
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
36. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Reciprocity of disclosure
Prisoner'S dilemma
Cognitive dissonance theory
elaboration likelihood model
37. Inoculation theory
McGuire
Group polarization
Life space
J. Rodin and E. Langer
38. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Self-presentation
McGuire
Reciprocal interaction
39. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Illusion of control
Hindsight bias
Sociotechnical systems
Oversimplification
40. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Hazel Markus
Role
Richard Lazarus
Conformity (types)
41. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
deindividuation
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Bogus pipeline
Muzafer Sherif
42. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Passionate love
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Stuart Valins
Stanley Milgram
43. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social loafing
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Inoculation theory
Actor-observer attributional divergence
44. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Attitude
Reactance
Richard Nisbett
45. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Role
Sunk cost
Peter principle
Ellen Langer
46. Attribution theory - balance theory
Richard Lazarus
Irving Janis
Hindsight bias
Fritz Heider
47. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Base-rate fallacy
Self-perception theory
Reciprocal interaction
elaboration likelihood model
48. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social comparison
Prisoner'S dilemma
Self-perception theory
Henry Landsberger
49. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Compliance
Mere-exposure effect
M. Rokeach
Hazel Markus
50. Self-perception theory
Hawthorne effect
Harold Kelley
Daryl Bem
Illusory correlation
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