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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






2. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






3. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






4. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






5. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






6. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






7. Self-perception theory






8. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






9. Inoculation theory






10. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






11. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






12. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






13. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






14. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






15. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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16. Group polarization






17. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






18. The total influences upon individual behavior






19. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






20. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






21. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






22. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






23. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






24. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






25. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






26. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






27. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






28. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do






29. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health






30. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






31. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






32. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it






33. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






34. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






35. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






36. Groupthink






37. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






38. Cognitive dissonance theory






39. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






40. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






41. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups

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42. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






43. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






44. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge






45. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






46. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






47. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






48. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






49. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






50. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it