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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Hazel Markus
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Sociotechnical systems
bystander effect
2. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Risky shift
Reciprocal interaction
Oversimplification
3. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Social loafing
doll preference studies
Elaine Hatfield
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
4. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Life space
Valence (life space)
Norman Triplett
Robbers' cave experiment
5. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Equity theory
Mere-exposure effect
Compliance
Life space
6. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Fritz Heider
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Peter principle
7. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Base-rate fallacy
Role
Representativeness heuristic
Irving Janis
8. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Sunk cost
Leon Festinger
Compliance
9. Groups take greater risks than individuals
M. Rokeach
Hawthorne effect
Self-perception theory
Risky shift
10. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Social Psychology
Self-serving attributional bias
McGuire
Hindsight bias
11. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Balance theory
Lee Ross
Social loafing
Hawthorne effect
12. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Vector (life space)
Reciprocity of disclosure
Social Psychology
13. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Representativeness heuristic
Conformity (types)
Henry Landsberger
Self-presentation
14. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Hazel Markus
15. Theory of reasoned action
Sleeper effect
Excitation-transfer theory
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Prisoner'S dilemma
16. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Norman Triplett
Attribution theory
Barrier (life space)
Walter Dill Scott
17. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Morton Deutsch
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
18. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Life space
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Equity theory
M.J.Lerner
19. Attribution theory - balance theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Fritz Heider
20. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Gain-loss theory
elaboration likelihood model
Social comparison
Role
21. Elaboration likelihood model
Fritz Heider
Walter Dill Scott
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Group polarization
22. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Reciprocity of disclosure
Stanley Milgram
Trucking company game
Slippery slope
23. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Compassionate love
Attraction (in order of importance)
M. Rokeach
24. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Valence (life space)
Objective self-awareness
Balance theory
deindividuation
25. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
Role
Trucking company game
Philip Zimbardo
26. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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27. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Bogus pipeline
Elaine Hatfield
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Mere-exposure effect
28. Illusion of control
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Stuart Valins
Prisoner'S dilemma
Ellen Langer
29. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
deindividuation
Passionate love
Cognitive dissonance theory
30. Groupthink
Irving Janis
Morton Deutsch
Attitude
Compassionate love
31. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Bogus pipeline
Stimulus-overload theory
Philip Zimbardo
James Stoner
32. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Robert Zajonc
Irving Janis
Oversimplification
33. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Trucking company game
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-serving attributional bias
Halo effect
34. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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35. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Valence (life space)
Social comparison
Compassionate love
Base-rate fallacy
36. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Muzafer Sherif
Self-serving attributional bias
Reciprocity of disclosure
Pluralistic ignorance
37. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Impression management
Inoculation theory
Equity theory
Objective self-awareness
38. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Passionate love
Groupthink
Social facilitation
Self-serving attributional bias
39. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Oversimplification
Halo effect
Attribution theory
40. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Illusory correlation
Social loafing
Cognitive dissonance theory
Walter Dill Scott
41. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
False consensus bias
Norman Triplett
Sunk cost
Stuart Valins
42. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Leonard Berkowitz
Balance theory
Illusion of control
Hazel Markus
43. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Hawthorne effect
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Stimulus-overload theory
Mere-exposure effect
44. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
diffusion of responsibility
doll preference studies
Richard Nisbett
Solomon Asch
45. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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46. Doll preference studies
Peter principle
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Equity theory
Hawthorne effect
47. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Base-rate fallacy
Muzafer Sherif
Illusion of control
48. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Social support network
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Morton Deutsch
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
49. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
doll preference studies
Reciprocal socialization
Balance theory
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
50. Person who speaks out against majority
Social exchange theory
Dissenter
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
bystander effect