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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Leon Festinger
Social loafing
Hazel Markus
2. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Richard Lazarus
doll preference studies
Impression management
Oversimplification
3. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Attribution theory
James Stoner
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
elaboration likelihood model
4. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice
bystander effect
M. Rokeach
Ingroup/outgroup bias
diffusion of responsibility
5. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Pluralistic ignorance
Just world bias
Attitude
Stuart Valins
6. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Base-rate fallacy
Illusion of control
Role
Social exchange theory
7. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Just world bias
Field theory
Social support network
Stimulus-overload theory
8. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Social loafing
M.J.Lerner
Base-rate fallacy
9. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Leonard Berkowitz
Daryl Bem
Just world bias
Compliance
10. Cognitive dissonance theory
Robbers' cave experiment
Elaine Hatfield
Leon Festinger
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
11. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
McGuire
Harold Kelley
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Social comparison
12. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Role
Self-serving attributional bias
Group polarization
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
13. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along
Cognitive dissonance theory
Stuart Valins
Walter Dill Scott
Hindsight bias
14. Groups take greater risks than individuals
Risky shift
Social loafing
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Morton Deutsch
15. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
M. Rokeach
Social facilitation
Self-perception theory
Attribution theory
16. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
doll preference studies
Robert Zajonc
Pluralistic ignorance
Stuart Valins
17. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Leonard Berkowitz
Oversimplification
Field theory
18. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Reactance
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Hazel Markus
Compliance
19. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Sleeper effect
Social facilitation
Overjustification effect
Stanley MIlgram (study)
20. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
competition
Illusory correlation
Robert Zajonc
Leonard Berkowitz
21. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Risky shift
Mere-exposure effect
22. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Philip Zimbardo
Norman Triplett
Reciprocal socialization
bystander effect
23. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Groupthink
Solomon Asch
Muzafer Sherif
Robbers' cave experiment
24. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Self-fulfilling prophecy
M.J.Lerner
Contact (Groups)
Kurt Lewin
25. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
doll preference studies
diffusion of responsibility
Social Psychology
Passionate love
26. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Equity theory
Illusory correlation
Reciprocal interaction
27. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Acceptance
Door-in-the-face
Slippery slope
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
28. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Paul Ekman
Door-in-the-face
James Stoner
29. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Life space
Pluralistic ignorance
Stuart Valins
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
30. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Ellen Langer
Pluralistic ignorance
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
31. Group polarization
Social Psychology
diffusion of responsibility
Sunk cost
James Stoner
32. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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33. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
M.J.Lerner
Reactance
Contact (Groups)
M. Rokeach
34. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Leonard Berkowitz
Inoculation theory
Peter principle
Illusion of control
35. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Trucking company game
Mere-exposure effect
36. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Acceptance
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Hindsight bias
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
37. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Norman Triplett
Trucking company game
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Field theory
38. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
elaboration likelihood model
Gain-loss theory
Reactance
Balance theory
39. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
deindividuation
Attribution theory
elaboration likelihood model
Contact (Groups)
40. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Social exchange theory
Sunk cost
Self-monitoring
Attitude
41. Inoculation theory
Richard Nisbett
McGuire
Balance theory
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
42. Self-perception theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Daryl Bem
Availability heuristic
Groupthink
43. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
M. Rokeach
Just world bias
Stanley Milgram
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
44. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Hawthorne effect
Balance theory
Stuart Valins
45. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Contact (Groups)
Self-presentation
Objective self-awareness
Actor-observer attributional divergence
46. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Social exchange theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Sleeper effect
Stanley Milgram
47. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Just world bias
Inoculation theory
Solomon Asch
Robbers' cave experiment
48. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Hazel Markus
Bogus pipeline
Irving Janis
Mere-exposure effect
49. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Groupthink
Self-presentation
Just world bias
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
50. Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
Field theory
Social Psychology
Role