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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
M. Rokeach
Vector (life space)
Elaine Hatfield
Compassionate love
2. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
deindividuation
Impression management
Inoculation theory
Solomon Asch
3. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Philip Zimbardo
Henry Landsberger
Acceptance
Attribution theory
4. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Barrier (life space)
Social Psychology
James Stoner
Representativeness heuristic
5. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Mere-exposure effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
6. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Hawthorne effect
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Balance theory
Fritz Heider
7. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Pluralistic ignorance
Hazel Markus
Kurt Lewin
8. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Kurt Lewin
James Stoner
Inoculation theory
Trucking company game
9. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Representativeness heuristic
Solomon Asch
Leonard Berkowitz
Base-rate fallacy
10. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Sociotechnical systems
Social support network
11. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Reactance
Reciprocal interaction
Contact (Groups)
12. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Sociotechnical systems
Norman Triplett
Vector (life space)
Reciprocal socialization
13. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Dissenter
Self-monitoring
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
doll preference studies
14. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
competition
Paul Ekman
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
M. Rokeach
15. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Groupthink
Stimulus-overload theory
bystander effect
Norman Triplett
16. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
Gain-loss theory
Compliance
M. Rokeach
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
17. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others
Stuart Valins
Equity theory
Elaine Hatfield
Norman Triplett
18. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Group polarization
Conformity (types)
Groupthink
Halo effect
19. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Walter Dill Scott
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Hazel Markus
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
20. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Representativeness heuristic
Stimulus-overload theory
Lee Ross
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
21. Elaboration likelihood model
Availability heuristic
elaboration likelihood model
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Objective self-awareness
22. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
Self-monitoring
Robert Zajonc
Harold Kelley
Attitude
23. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Social comparison
competition
Passionate love
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
24. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Risky shift
Groupthink
Social loafing
Overjustification effect
25. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Oversimplification
Bogus pipeline
Fritz Heider
Self-serving attributional bias
26. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
Balance theory
Pluralistic ignorance
Compliance
Self-perception theory
27. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Self-serving attributional bias
Henry Landsberger
Reciprocity of disclosure
elaboration likelihood model
28. Cognitive dissonance theory
Henry Landsberger
Self-serving attributional bias
Leon Festinger
Reciprocal interaction
29. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Cognitive dissonance theory
Social comparison
Attitude
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
30. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Equity theory
Illusion of control
Reciprocity of disclosure
J. Rodin and E. Langer
31. Just world bias
M.J.Lerner
Reactance
Self-serving attributional bias
Overjustification effect
32. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Hazel Markus
False consensus bias
Muzafer Sherif
Reactance
33. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Self-fulfilling prophecy
deindividuation
Role
Gain-loss theory
34. Group polarization
Hazel Markus
Prisoner'S dilemma
Group polarization
James Stoner
35. Person who speaks out against majority
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Illusory correlation
Availability heuristic
Dissenter
36. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Irving Janis
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Self-serving attributional bias
Reciprocal socialization
37. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit
Cognitive dissonance theory
Attitude
Compassionate love
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
38. Assuming most other people think as you do
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
False consensus bias
Richard Nisbett
Muzafer Sherif
39. Inoculation theory
Pluralistic ignorance
Social support network
McGuire
Ingroup/outgroup bias
40. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Elaine Hatfield
Leonard Berkowitz
Equity theory
Hindsight bias
41. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Balance theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Objective self-awareness
42. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Sociotechnical systems
Hazel Markus
Fritz Heider
Elaine Hatfield
43. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
44. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Social loafing
Leon Festinger
Sociotechnical systems
Social support network
45. Hawthorne effect
Pluralistic ignorance
Solomon Asch
Social support network
Henry Landsberger
46. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Morton Deutsch
Sleeper effect
deindividuation
Objective self-awareness
47. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Sunk cost
Reciprocal interaction
Dissenter
Excitation-transfer theory
48. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Group polarization
Stanley Milgram
Leon Festinger
Morton Deutsch
49. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
competition
bystander effect
M.J.Lerner
Barrier (life space)
50. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
doll preference studies
Barrier (life space)
Philip Zimbardo
Peter principle