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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






2. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






3. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






4. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






5. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






6. The total influences upon individual behavior






7. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






8. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






9. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






10. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






11. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






12. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






13. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






14. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






15. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






16. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






17. Self-perception theory






18. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






19. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






20. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






21. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them






22. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






23. Assuming most other people think as you do






24. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






25. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






26. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






27. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






28. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






29. Just world bias






30. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






31. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






32. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






33. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






34. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract






35. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






36. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






37. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)






38. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting






39. Doll preference studies






40. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






41. Believing after the fact that you knew something all along






42. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






43. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






44. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






45. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






46. Elaboration likelihood model






47. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






48. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






49. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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50. Groups take greater risks than individuals