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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety
Group polarization
Harold Kelley
Equity theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
2. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform
Social exchange theory
Reactance
Door-in-the-face
Acceptance
3. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Compliance
Reciprocal interaction
Kurt Lewin
Balance theory
4. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument
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5. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding
Paul Ekman
Social loafing
Solomon Asch
Lee Ross
6. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Trucking company game
Stanley Milgram
Irving Janis
7. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Conformity (types)
Social loafing
bystander effect
Trucking company game
8. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Objective self-awareness
Overjustification effect
Stanley MIlgram (study)
elaboration likelihood model
9. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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10. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Contact (Groups)
Richard Nisbett
Hindsight bias
Norman Triplett
11. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Base-rate fallacy
elaboration likelihood model
Slippery slope
Actor-observer attributional divergence
12. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Social exchange theory
Norman Triplett
Philip Zimbardo
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
13. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Reactance
Peter principle
Attitude
Harold Kelley
14. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Trucking company game
Philip Zimbardo
Stanley Milgram
Actor-observer attributional divergence
15. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Cognitive dissonance theory
Hawthorne effect
Acceptance
Harold Kelley
16. The total influences upon individual behavior
Trucking company game
Representativeness heuristic
Field theory
Sunk cost
17. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Hazel Markus
Richard Nisbett
Vector (life space)
Pluralistic ignorance
18. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
doll preference studies
Dissenter
Group polarization
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
19. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Self-presentation
Sunk cost
elaboration likelihood model
Social support network
20. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Leon Festinger
Illusion of control
21. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Groupthink
Pluralistic ignorance
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Social facilitation
22. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Reactance
Paul Ekman
Door-in-the-face
Self-monitoring
23. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
McGuire
Overjustification effect
Social support network
Fritz Heider
24. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Robert Zajonc
Mere-exposure effect
Base-rate fallacy
Elaine Hatfield
25. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Compliance
Door-in-the-face
Illusory correlation
Stimulus-overload theory
26. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Kurt Lewin
Representativeness heuristic
Illusion of control
27. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Richard Nisbett
Cognitive dissonance theory
Door-in-the-face
Passionate love
28. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
James Stoner
Reciprocal interaction
Attribution theory
J. Rodin and E. Langer
29. Person who speaks out against majority
Social facilitation
competition
Reciprocal interaction
Dissenter
30. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
diffusion of responsibility
Excitation-transfer theory
Attribution theory
31. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
M. Rokeach
Reciprocity of disclosure
elaboration likelihood model
Impression management
32. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Inoculation theory
Oversimplification
Stuart Valins
Leon Festinger
33. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Richard Nisbett
Social facilitation
Muzafer Sherif
Just world bias
34. Hawthorne effect
diffusion of responsibility
Henry Landsberger
Field theory
Dissenter
35. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-serving attributional bias
Sunk cost
Irving Janis
Halo effect
36. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Stanley MIlgram (study)
elaboration likelihood model
Sunk cost
M. Rokeach
37. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Ellen Langer
Cognitive dissonance theory
Self-monitoring
Social exchange theory
38. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Dissenter
Attraction (in order of importance)
Norman Triplett
Paul Ekman
39. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Richard Lazarus
Walter Dill Scott
Stuart Valins
Self-presentation
40. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
elaboration likelihood model
Muzafer Sherif
Reciprocal socialization
Attribution theory
41. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Irving Janis
Walter Dill Scott
Social support network
Elaine Hatfield
42. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Mere-exposure effect
Hawthorne effect
Barrier (life space)
Slippery slope
43. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Mere-exposure effect
Hawthorne effect
Sunk cost
Valence (life space)
44. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Peter principle
Fritz Heider
Pluralistic ignorance
Social support network
45. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition
Attribution theory
Norman Triplett
Compliance
Morton Deutsch
46. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Social facilitation
Gain-loss theory
Robbers' cave experiment
Reciprocity of disclosure
47. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
bystander effect
Social comparison
Barrier (life space)
elaboration likelihood model
48. Group polarization
James Stoner
Kurt Lewin
Groupthink
Irving Janis
49. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Halo effect
Contact (Groups)
Prisoner'S dilemma
J. Rodin and E. Langer
50. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Prisoner'S dilemma
Contact (Groups)
Morton Deutsch
Self-presentation