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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Self-perception theory






2. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






3. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour






4. Festinger; it is uncomfortable for people to have beliefs that do not match actions; people are motivated to back actions up by changing beliefs; the less act is justified by circumstance - the more we feel need to justify it by aligning attitude wit






5. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored






6. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






7. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






8. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less






9. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






10. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer






11. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






12. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






13. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






14. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average






15. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action






16. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






17. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






18. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain






19. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






20. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






21. Illusion of control






22. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases






23. Groups take greater risks than individuals






24. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






25. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes






26. Person who speaks out against majority






27. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






28. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






29. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various






30. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






31. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






32. Elaboration likelihood model






33. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






34. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






35. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






36. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it






37. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






38. Hawthorne effect






39. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health






40. Groupthink






41. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






42. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






43. Attribution theory - balance theory






44. Frustration-aggression hypothesis






45. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






46. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups


47. Assuming most other people think as you do






48. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style






49. Cognitive dissonance theory






50. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action