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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First official social psychology experiment on social facilitation; cyclists performed better when paced by others






2. Illusion of control






3. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






4. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim






5. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately






6. Doll preference studies






7. Just world bias






8. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






9. Prisoner'S dilemma - trucking company game to illustrate struggle between cooperation and competition






10. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with






11. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






12. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






13. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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14. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






15. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment






16. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do






17. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier






18. Those in a group think their members have more positive qualities and fewer negative than members in another group even if qualities are the same; basis for prejudice






19. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






20. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






21. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






22. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






23. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






24. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






25. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






26. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






27. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






28. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge






29. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer






30. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






31. Assuming most other people think as you do






32. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no






33. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






34. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian






35. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






36. Cognitive dissonance theory






37. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






38. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment






39. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability






40. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)






41. Argued that human have 6 basic emotions: sadness - happiness - fear - anger - surprise - disgust - drew conclusion from cross-cultural studies - individuals could recognize facial expressions corresponding to those six; FACS coding






42. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour






43. Conformity; change actions and beliefs to conform






44. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming






45. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






46. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






47. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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48. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






49. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






50. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis