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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Role
Impression management
M. Rokeach
2. Groupthink
Attitude
Hawthorne effect
Paul Ekman
Irving Janis
3. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Role
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Self-perception theory
4. The total influences upon individual behavior
Self-monitoring
Hindsight bias
Field theory
Representativeness heuristic
5. Attribution theory - balance theory
Inoculation theory
Fritz Heider
Slippery slope
Walter Dill Scott
6. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Vector (life space)
Inoculation theory
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
7. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Inoculation theory
bystander effect
Contact (Groups)
Social facilitation
8. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Hazel Markus
Door-in-the-face
Bogus pipeline
9. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Impression management
Vector (life space)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Solomon Asch
10. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Halo effect
Leon Festinger
James Stoner
Attraction (in order of importance)
11. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Richard Nisbett
Stanley Milgram
Life space
12. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Bogus pipeline
Harold Kelley
13. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Hawthorne effect
Valence (life space)
Philip Zimbardo
Stuart Valins
14. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Impression management
Leonard Berkowitz
deindividuation
15. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
Robert Zajonc
False consensus bias
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Valence (life space)
16. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Sociotechnical systems
Attribution theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Richard Lazarus
17. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
False consensus bias
Slippery slope
Reciprocal interaction
Halo effect
18. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Social Psychology
Self-fulfilling prophecy
elaboration likelihood model
19. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object
doll preference studies
Equity theory
Attitude
Dissenter
20. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Elaine Hatfield
Social support network
Paul Ekman
Social comparison
21. Theory of reasoned action
Representativeness heuristic
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Social exchange theory
Self-presentation
22. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating
Social support network
Conformity (types)
Groupthink
Halo effect
23. Group polarization
James Stoner
Daryl Bem
Group polarization
Passionate love
24. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Reactance
Robbers' cave experiment
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Morton Deutsch
25. Studied racial bias and belief similarity - people prefer to be with like-minded people more than like-skinned; racial bias decreases as attitude similarity between people increases
M. Rokeach
Risky shift
Mere-exposure effect
Social exchange theory
26. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Compassionate love
Peter principle
Dissenter
Slippery slope
27. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Groupthink
Compassionate love
Reactance
28. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Illusion of control
Hindsight bias
Representativeness heuristic
Impression management
29. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Fritz Heider
Harold Kelley
Hazel Markus
Richard Lazarus
30. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Sleeper effect
Illusion of control
Social comparison
Availability heuristic
31. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Hazel Markus
Robert Zajonc
Barrier (life space)
32. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Richard Nisbett
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Muzafer Sherif
Conformity (types)
33. Sales tactic - persuader ask for more than they would ever get and then 'Settle' for less
Leonard Berkowitz
Daryl Bem
Door-in-the-face
Dissenter
34. Refusal to conform - may occur as result of blatant attempt to control; will not conform if forewarned that others will try to change them
Sleeper effect
Stanley MIlgram (study)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Reactance
35. Person who speaks out against majority
Daryl Bem
Dissenter
Illusion of control
Actor-observer attributional divergence
36. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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37. Doll preference studies
diffusion of responsibility
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Prisoner'S dilemma
Kurt Lewin
38. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Dissenter
Sunk cost
Sociotechnical systems
Availability heuristic
39. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Sociotechnical systems
Risky shift
Muzafer Sherif
bystander effect
40. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Self-presentation
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Acceptance
41. Tendency to work less hard in a group as a result of diffusion of responsibility; guarded against when each individual is closely monitored
Ellen Langer
Leon Festinger
Social loafing
Attitude
42. Lewin; collection of forces (valence - vector - barrier) on the individual - field of perception and action
Life space
Halo effect
Reciprocal interaction
Lee Ross
43. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Balance theory
Impression management
M. Rokeach
Henry Landsberger
44. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Door-in-the-face
Cognitive dissonance theory
Representativeness heuristic
Sunk cost
45. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Field theory
Barrier (life space)
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Contact (Groups)
46. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Acceptance
Irving Janis
Availability heuristic
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
47. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Hindsight bias
Attraction (in order of importance)
False consensus bias
Trucking company game
48. Inoculation theory
Conformity (types)
Representativeness heuristic
McGuire
Groupthink
49. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Vector (life space)
Just world bias
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Harold Kelley
50. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Self-monitoring
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Compliance
Representativeness heuristic
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