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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cognitive dissonance theory
Risky shift
Balance theory
Leon Festinger
Stanley Milgram
2. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Self-perception theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
M. Rokeach
3. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Vector (life space)
Excitation-transfer theory
competition
Social exchange theory
4. Assuming most other people think as you do
Just world bias
J. Rodin and E. Langer
False consensus bias
Groupthink
5. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
elaboration likelihood model
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Robbers' cave experiment
Attraction (in order of importance)
6. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Hawthorne effect
Lee Ross
M. Rokeach
Muzafer Sherif
7. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Self-perception theory
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
Self-monitoring
8. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game
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9. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift
Lee Ross
Inoculation theory
Group polarization
Social comparison
10. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Bogus pipeline
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Social exchange theory
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
11. Self-perception theory
Excitation-transfer theory
Philip Zimbardo
Group polarization
Daryl Bem
12. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Elaine Hatfield
Excitation-transfer theory
Irving Janis
James Stoner
13. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related
Illusory correlation
Hazel Markus
Ellen Langer
Fritz Heider
14. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Equity theory
Sunk cost
Passionate love
deindividuation
15. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Self-serving attributional bias
Mere-exposure effect
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
16. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Stuart Valins
Life space
Harold Kelley
Self-presentation
17. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Oversimplification
Excitation-transfer theory
Muzafer Sherif
Availability heuristic
18. Showed that we lack awareness for why we do what we do
Richard Nisbett
Reciprocal socialization
doll preference studies
Illusion of control
19. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Field theory
competition
Role
20. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Social exchange theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Sunk cost
21. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Groupthink
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Social facilitation
Attribution theory
22. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Trucking company game
Robert Zajonc
Pluralistic ignorance
23. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
Irving Janis
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Overjustification effect
Sleeper effect
24. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Reciprocal socialization
Social loafing
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Self-monitoring
25. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Walter Dill Scott
Sociotechnical systems
Leon Festinger
Irving Janis
26. Conformity; go along publicly but not privately
M.J.Lerner
Morton Deutsch
Reciprocity of disclosure
Compliance
27. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Self-perception theory
Reciprocity of disclosure
Role
Sociotechnical systems
28. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
Social Psychology
Vector (life space)
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
29. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Robbers' cave experiment
Mere-exposure effect
Social support network
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
30. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Muzafer Sherif
Fritz Heider
Sociotechnical systems
Elaine Hatfield
31. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Kurt Lewin
Peter principle
Hazel Markus
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
32. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis
Gain-loss theory
Attraction (in order of importance)
Balance theory
Fritz Heider
33. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential
Harold Kelley
Attribution theory
Solomon Asch
Self-serving attributional bias
34. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
elaboration likelihood model
Valence (life space)
Base-rate fallacy
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
35. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
deindividuation
Life space
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
36. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)
Illusion of control
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Richard Lazarus
Objective self-awareness
37. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Reciprocal interaction
Social comparison
Reciprocity of disclosure
Robbers' cave experiment
38. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Field theory
Slippery slope
39. Person who speaks out against majority
Risky shift
Dissenter
Peter principle
Role
40. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
doll preference studies
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Slippery slope
Halo effect
41. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Social loafing
Vector (life space)
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Compliance
42. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Lee Ross
Prisoner'S dilemma
Harold Kelley
M. Rokeach
43. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Compliance
Barrier (life space)
Lee Ross
elaboration likelihood model
44. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms
Hazel Markus
Trucking company game
Hindsight bias
Prisoner'S dilemma
45. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Just world bias
Social facilitation
Reciprocal interaction
Self-perception theory
46. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
Social facilitation
Illusory correlation
Self-perception theory
47. Doll preference studies
McGuire
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
48. Studied environmental influences on behaviour; architecture matters. students in long-corridor dorms more stressed and withdrawn than those in suite-style
Self-monitoring
Stuart Valins
Inoculation theory
Paul Ekman
49. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Harold Kelley
Leon Festinger
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Reciprocity of disclosure
50. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree
Stimulus-overload theory
Pluralistic ignorance
elaboration likelihood model
Philip Zimbardo