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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Illusion of control
Contact (Groups)
Compliance
Sleeper effect
Ellen Langer
2. Petty and Cacioppo; model of persuasion suggests those involved in an issue listen to strength of arguments rather than more superficial factors
Self-presentation
Henry Landsberger
Role
elaboration likelihood model
3. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Objective self-awareness
competition
Bogus pipeline
Compassionate love
4. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Availability heuristic
Solomon Asch
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Just world bias
5. Experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of commander - legitimate-seeming
Self-perception theory
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Actor-observer attributional divergence
6. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday
Social Psychology
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Self-perception theory
7. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
elaboration likelihood model
Hazel Markus
James Stoner
8. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Self-perception theory
Groupthink
Ellen Langer
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
9. Attribution theory - balance theory
Compassionate love
Valence (life space)
Oversimplification
Fritz Heider
10. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Field theory
Self-monitoring
Compassionate love
Kurt Lewin
11. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
Self-serving attributional bias
bystander effect
Hindsight bias
Availability heuristic
12. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Illusory correlation
Irving Janis
Just world bias
Lee Ross
13. Fischbein and Ajzen; people'S behaviour in a given situation is determined by attitude about situation and social norms; perceived behavioural control - attitude toward behaviour - behavioural intentions - subjective social norms; grounded in various
Just world bias
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Stanley Milgram
Social Psychology
14. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
diffusion of responsibility
Walter Dill Scott
Elaine Hatfield
Conformity (types)
15. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness
Mere-exposure effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Robert Zajonc
Reciprocity of disclosure
16. Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
Halo effect
Overjustification effect
Inoculation theory
Walter Dill Scott
17. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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18. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
False consensus bias
Norman Triplett
Social comparison
Attraction (in order of importance)
19. The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined - achieved via mutual trust - respect - and commitment
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
bystander effect
Compassionate love
Life space
20. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Trucking company game
Philip Zimbardo
Self-presentation
J. Rodin and E. Langer
21. Hawthorne effect
Self-presentation
Groupthink
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Henry Landsberger
22. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Prisoner'S dilemma
Gain-loss theory
Ellen Langer
23. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Attribution theory
Representativeness heuristic
Social support network
Halo effect
24. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity
Harold Kelley
deindividuation
Attribution theory
Lee Ross
25. Self-perception theory
Social facilitation
diffusion of responsibility
Daryl Bem
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
26. The study of how people relate to and influence each other
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Attribution theory
Social Psychology
Field theory
27. Elaboration likelihood model
Social comparison
Reciprocal socialization
Trucking company game
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
28. It is majority opinion - majority has unanimous position - majority has high status majority or individual is concerned for her own status - situation in public - not previously committed to a position - low self-esteem - scores high on authoritarian
Sociotechnical systems
Reciprocity of disclosure
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Self-presentation
29. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Norman Triplett
Halo effect
Vector (life space)
Sunk cost
30. Sometimes attribute excitement or physiological arousal about one thing to something else (e.g. bungee jumping on first date)
Halo effect
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Inoculation theory
Excitation-transfer theory
31. Tendency for person doing the behaviour to have different perspective on situation than observer
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Social support network
elaboration likelihood model
Attribution theory
32. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Walter Dill Scott
Illusion of control
Stimulus-overload theory
Social comparison
33. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person
Role
Attitude
Equity theory
Objective self-awareness
34. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Reciprocal socialization
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Social Psychology
Irving Janis
35. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Self-perception theory
Contact (Groups)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
36. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of
Stanley Milgram
Social support network
Dissenter
Overjustification effect
37. Groupthink
Groupthink
Attribution theory
Irving Janis
Ellen Langer
38. Area of study that combines social and clinical ideas - for mental health
Social exchange theory
Social support network
James Stoner
Muzafer Sherif
39. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
Vector (life space)
Groupthink
Mere-exposure effect
Barrier (life space)
40. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Bogus pipeline
Leonard Berkowitz
Kurt Lewin
Hawthorne effect
41. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
Philip Zimbardo
James Stoner
Illusion of control
Objective self-awareness
42. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Philip Zimbardo
Sleeper effect
doll preference studies
Actor-observer attributional divergence
43. Doing a small favour makes people more willing to do larger ones later
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Robbers' cave experiment
Henry Landsberger
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
44. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact
Slippery slope
Morton Deutsch
Daryl Bem
Factors that a speaker has to most likely change a listener'S attitude
45. When one'S expectations draw out (in a way - cause) the expected behaviour
Self-fulfilling prophecy
False consensus bias
Reciprocal socialization
Stanley Milgram
46. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Norman Triplett
Gain-loss theory
Barrier (life space)
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
47. Person who speaks out against majority
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Self-monitoring
Dissenter
Richard Lazarus
48. Intense longing for the union with another and a state of profound physiological arousal - biophysiological - can be positive(when love is reciprocal) and negative (when love is unrequited)
M.J.Lerner
Passionate love
Stanley MIlgram (study)
Reciprocal interaction
49. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
bystander effect
Social facilitation
Oversimplification
Walter Dill Scott
50. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better
Conformity (types)
Harold Kelley
doll preference studies
Kurt Lewin