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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management
Richard Lazarus
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Hazel Markus
Self-presentation
2. When 2 parties adapt to or are socialized by each other (e.g. parents and children)
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Reciprocal interaction
Reciprocal socialization
Equity theory
3. Evaluating one'S own actions - abilities - opinions - and ideas and comparing to others; - since others are generally familiar people (own social group) - used for argument against mainstreaming; --> when children with difficulties in classes with no
Social Psychology
Walter Dill Scott
Social comparison
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
4. Attribution theory - balance theory
Fritz Heider
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Elaine Hatfield
5. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not
Contact (Groups)
Reciprocity of disclosure
Sunk cost
Peter principle
6. Prejudice - showed group conflict most effectively overcome by need for cooperative attention to a higher superordinate goal; 2 groups of 12-year-old boys - 3 phases of group dynamics: in-group phase (bonding with own group) - friction phase (groups
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7. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace
Sociotechnical systems
Conformity (types)
deindividuation
M. Rokeach
8. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it
Lee Ross
Paul Ekman
Self-monitoring
Morton Deutsch
9. Follows from self-perception theory; tendency to assume we must not want to do things we are paid or compensated to do
M. Rokeach
Overjustification effect
Barrier (life space)
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
10. founder of social psychology -; - applied Gestalt ideas to social behaviour; - conceived field theory - life space - valence - vector - barrier
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Balance theory
Prisoner'S dilemma
Kurt Lewin
11. Illusion of control
Acceptance
Ellen Langer
Trucking company game
Henry Landsberger
12. Cognitive dissonance theory
Leon Festinger
Social loafing
doll preference studies
Door-in-the-face
13. Overestimating the general frequency of things we are most familiar with
Stanley Milgram
Passionate love
M. Rokeach
Base-rate fallacy
14. Achieved through: self-perception - high-self-monitoring - internality - self-efficacy; experiments facilitate this by having subjects perform tasks while looking in a mirror; deindividuation works against it
Social exchange theory
Paul Ekman
Objective self-awareness
Hawthorne effect
15. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present
Acceptance
bystander effect
Self-perception theory
Ellen Langer
16. How stimuli are rated - the more we see/experience something - the more positively we rate it
Reciprocal interaction
Reciprocal socialization
Mere-exposure effect
Barrier (life space)
17. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable
Self-monitoring
Daryl Bem
Bogus pipeline
Social loafing
18. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence
competition
Vector (life space)
Stuart Valins
Daryl Bem
19. Lewin; life space; + if person thinks region will reduce tension by meeting present needs - - if region with increase tension/ danger
Valence (life space)
Bogus pipeline
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Balance theory
20. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Halo effect
Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour
Social facilitation
21. Hawthorne effect
Henry Landsberger
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
McGuire
Just world bias
22. Using shortcut about typical assumptions rather than relying on logic; basis of stereotypes- 6 feet tall beautiful women --> we think she'S more likely to be a model than lawyer
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Representativeness heuristic
Kurt Lewin
Hazel Markus
23. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love
Valence (life space)
Elaine Hatfield
Muzafer Sherif
Compassionate love
24. Heider; how people infer causes of other'S behaviour; attribute intentions and emotions to almost anything - even shapes on a screen; 3 elements: locus - stability - controllability
Attribution theory
Illusion of control
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Reactance
25. Tendency to make simple explanations for complex events - people hold onto original ideas about cause even when new factors emerge
Lee Ross
Ellen Langer
Oversimplification
Morton Deutsch
26. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)
Role
diffusion of responsibility
Vector (life space)
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
27. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment
Muzafer Sherif
M. Rokeach
competition
Reciprocity of disclosure
28. Thinking if someone has a good quality then he has only good qualities
Social comparison
Attribution theory
Objective self-awareness
Halo effect
29. Competition for scare resources usually causes conflict in a group - Sherif'S Robber'S cave experiment
Social loafing
Reactance
Social exchange theory
competition
30. Theory of reasoned action
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Robert Zajonc
M. Fischbein and I. Ajzen
Morton Deutsch
31. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)
Pluralistic ignorance
Daryl Bem
Robbers' cave experiment
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
32. Constant exchange of influences between people - constant factor in our behaviour
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
James Stoner
Reciprocal interaction
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
33. The attributions we make about our actions or those of others usually accurate; we base this on consistency - distinctiveness - and consensus of the action
Harold Kelley
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Impression management
Attitude
34. Ellen langer - Belief that you can control things that you actually have no influence on - The driving force behind manipulating the lottery - gambling and superstition
Lee Ross
McGuire
Illusion of control
elaboration likelihood model
35. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs
Groupthink
Social exchange theory
Barrier (life space)
bystander effect
36. An instrument that measures physiological reactions in order to measure truthfulness of attitude self-reporting
Bogus pipeline
Sociotechnical systems
Prisoner'S dilemma
Kurt Lewin
37. Lewin; life space; block locomotion between regions of person and psychological environment
Ingroup/outgroup bias
Increase in likelihood to conform (factors)
Kurt Lewin
Barrier (life space)
38. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance
Conformity (types)
Leonard Berkowitz
Pluralistic ignorance
Trucking company game
39. People are promoted at work until they reach a position of incompetence in which they remain
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Just world bias
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Peter principle
40. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance
Conformity (types)
Kaplan:Relationship betwen P - O and X
Attraction (in order of importance)
Social comparison
41. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be
Attraction (in order of importance)
Availability heuristic
Actor-observer attributional divergence
Field theory
42. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -
Availability heuristic
Base-rate fallacy
Social comparison
Hazel Markus
43. Interpreting own actions and motives ina positive way - blaming situations for failures and taking credit for successes; think self as better than average
R.E. Petty and J.T. Cacioppo
Self-serving attributional bias
Acceptance
Self-fulfilling prophecy
44. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help
Stimulus-overload theory
Illusion of control
Valence (life space)
Illusory correlation
45. Persuasive communication from a source of low credibility may become more acceptable later; perhaps memory+discounting cue is severed over time - later recalling a source is less available - or differential decay: impact of cue decays faster than mes
Risky shift
Cognitive dissonance theory
Base-rate fallacy
Sleeper effect
46. M.J. Lerner - The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people - it is uncomfortable for people to accept that bad things happen to good people - so they blame the victim
Just world bias
Social facilitation
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
47. People who are near us (propinquity) -physically attractive - attitudes similar to our own - like us back (reciprocity); opposites do not attract
Attraction (in order of importance)
Acceptance
Base-rate fallacy
Fritz Heider
48. Nursing home residents with plants to care for have better health
Social support network
Hawthorne effect
J. Rodin and E. Langer
Robbers' cave experiment
49. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection
Richard Lazarus
McGuire
Walter Dill Scott
Overjustification effect
50. Continued Milgram'S study - --> deindividuated individuals more willing to administer higher levels of shock; --> prison simulation experiments found normal subjects could easily be transformed into sadistic prison guards; --> also found antisocial b
bystander effect
Philip Zimbardo
Attribution theory
Vector (life space)
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