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GRE Psychology: Social Psychology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The total influences upon individual behavior






2. When people think there is a higher proportion of one thing in a group than there really is because examples of that one thing come to mind more easily; e.g. read a list - half celebrity names - half random - may think more celebrities than random be






3. Occurs when individual identity or accountability is de-emphasized - may be the result of mingling in a crowd - wearing uniforms - or otherwise adopting a larger group identity






4. Code facial expressions for emotion; can determine whether a smile is genuine (happiness engages the upper cheek) or fake (eyes and whole face are less involved)






5. Just world bias






6. Presence of others enhance or hinder performance






7. People most comfortable in situations which rewards and punishments are equal - fitting - or logical; - overbenefited people feel guilt - random/ illogical punishments create anxiety






8. Inoculation theory






9. The tendency that the larger the group - the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility - result of deindividuation (Kitty Genovese care)






10. Deutsch; 2 companies can choose to cooperate and agree on high fixed prices - or compete with lower prices - but lack of complete trust will choose to compete; prisoner'S dilemma in economic terms






11. Stimulus-overload theory; also experiment where participants ordered to give 'painful electric shocks' to a 'learner' when incorrect - explored how people respond to orders; conditions that facilitated conformity: remoteness of victim - proximity of






12. Clark; demonstrated negative effects that group segregation had on African-American children'S self-esteem - they thought white dolls were better






13. Deutsch; if 2 criminals detained separately - best strategy is for neither to talk - but it is a gamble that requires trust - so most spill the beans; in economic terms is the trucking company game

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14. Humans interact in ways that maximize reward and minimize costs






15. Expert and/or trustworthy - similar to listener - acceptable to listener - overheard rather than obviously influencing - anecdotal - emotional - or shocking - part of a debate rather than one-sided argument

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16. Berkowitz; there is a relationship between frustration in achieving a goal (no matter how small) and show aggression






17. Bem; alternative explanation to cognitive dissonance; - when people are unsure of beliefs - they take cues from own behaviour (rather than aligning beliefs to match actions) - $1000 to work on Saturday






18. Presence of others helps with easy tasks but hinders complex tasks






19. Milgram; explains why urbanities are less prosocial than country people; they do not need any more interaction; e.g. emergency situations familiar to city people - novelty for town people will attract attention and help






20. Lewin; life space; pushes person in the direction of + valence - away from - valence






21. A positive - negative or neutral evaluation of a person - issue or object






22. Logical fallacy; small - insignificant first step in one direction will lead to greater steps with a significant impact






23. Cross-cultural research; Eastern countries value interdependence over independence; for example - in Japan - individuals likelier to demonstrate conformity - modesty - and pessimism; where in the U.S. - likelier to show optimism - self-enhancement -






24. One of the first to apply psychology to business - specifically in advertising; also involved in helping military implement psychological testing to aid with personnel selection






25. Heider; how people make feelings/actions consistent to preserve psychological homeostasis






26. Most in a group privately disagree but incorrectly believe most in group agree






27. Study how to increase worker productivity at Hawthorne Works - reported anything they did increased productivity; because performance changes when people are being observed






28. Experiment - people'S descriptions of the autokinetic effect were influenced by others' descriptions; also win/lose game-type competition can trigger conflict in groups - Robbers' cave experiment






29. The Kitty Genovese care (murder witnessed by many people) - Why people are less likely to help when others are present






30. Process by which people pay close attention to their actions - often change behaviours to be more favourable






31. Dislike(-) - like (+) - balance if 1 or 3 + - imbalance if 0 or 2 + - too simplistic - Balance exists when all 3 fit together harmoniously - when there sin'T balance - there will be stress - and a tendency to remove stress by achieving balance






32. Set of behaviour norms that seem suitable for a person






33. 2 basic types of love: passionate love and compassionate love






34. Group polarization






35. Particularly positive self-presentation is influencial on behaviour - we act in ways that align with our attitudes or in ways that will be accepted by others; self-monitoring; impression management






36. Sharing secrets/feelings facilitates emotional closeness






37. With opposing party decreases conflict - we fear what we do not know`






38. Behaving in ways that might make a good impression






39. Likely to occur in a group with unquestioned beliefs - pressure to conform - invulnerability - censors - cohesiveness - isolation - strong leader; to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critical testing - analyzing - or evaluating






40. Stoner; group discussion generally serves to strengthen the already dominant point of view; explains risky shift






41. Studied stres sand coping - - differentiated between problem-focused coping (changing stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing response)






42. Had subjects listen to 'opinion' of others of which lines were equal - subjects conformed to clearly incorrect opinion of others 33% of the time; unanimity seemed to be influential






43. People act in order to obtain gain and avoid loss; people favour situations that start out negative and end positive - even compared to completely positive situations






44. Assuming 2 unrelated things are related






45. Studied subjects who were first made to believe a state and then later told it was false. subjects continued to believe the state if they had processed it and devised their own logical explanation for it






46. The study of how people relate to and influence each other






47. Method of work design - acknowledges interaction between people and technology in the workplace






48. Expense incurred and cannot be recovered; because money already spent is irrelevant to the future - best to ignore these when making decisions but we often do not






49. Attribution theory - balance theory






50. Going along with real or perceived group pressure - compliance - acceptance