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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Hierarchical semantic network
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Deductive reasoning
Semantic priming
2. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Scripts
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Schema
3. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Hypotheses
Eye movements and gaze durations
Heuristics
Algorithms
4. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Scripts
Inductive reasoning
Intelligence
Confirmation bias
5. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Hierarchical semantic network
Schachter-Singer theory
Heuristics
Computer simulation models
6. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Schema
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Mediation
Confirmation bias
7. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Eye movements and gaze durations
Problem space
Parallel distributive processing
Saccades
8. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Scripts
Atmosphere effect
Parallel distributive processing
Schema
9. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Decision making
Bottom-up processing
Concepts
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
10. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Hierarchical semantic network
Schachter-Singer theory
Emergency Theory
Logical reasoning errors (types)
11. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Reaction Time/Latency
Semantic priming
Eye movements and gaze durations
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
12. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Functional fixedness
prototypes
Mental set
Reaction Time/Latency
13. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Top-down processing
Emergency Theory
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Confirmation bias
14. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Mediation
Scripts
Reaction Time/Latency
Metacognition
15. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Mental set
Eye movements and gaze durations
Automatic processing
Cognition Theory of Emotion
16. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Algorithms
Hierarchical semantic network
Deductive reasoning
17. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Inductive reasoning
Automatic processing
Confirmation bias
Semantic effect
18. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Bottom-up processing
Hierarchical semantic network
Algorithms
Inductive reasoning
19. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Theories of emotion x 3
Metacognition
Inductive reasoning
Concepts
20. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Insight
Associations between pictures and words
Theories of emotion x 3
Mental set
21. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Convergent thinking
Theories of emotion x 3
Decision making
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
22. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Metacognition
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Intelligence
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
23. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Insight
Metacognition
Schema
Stroop effect
24. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Automatic processing
Divergent thinking
Scripts
Mental set
25. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Scripts
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Heuristics
26. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Reaction Time/Latency
Divergent thinking
Atmosphere effect
Saccades
27. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Saccades
Semantic priming
Schema
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
28. Test relationships then to form concepts
Eye movements and gaze durations
Hypotheses
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Scripts
29. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Atmosphere effect
Stroop effect
Heuristics
Semantic effect
30. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Insight
Divergent thinking
Mental set
Reaction Time/Latency
31. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Functional fixedness
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Semantic effect
32. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Semantic priming
Emergency Theory
Theories of emotion x 3
Saccades
33. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Mediation
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Semantic effect
Automatic processing
34. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Divergent thinking
Mental set
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Top-down processing
35. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Semantic priming
Insight
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Problem space
36. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Metacognition
Concepts
Reaction Time/Latency
Mental set
37. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Divergent thinking
Semantic effect
Emergency Theory
Confirmation bias
38. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Atmosphere effect
Emergency Theory
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Parallel distributive processing
39. Represents relationship between two things
Hypotheses
Concepts
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Metacognition
40. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Heuristics
Metacognition
Schema
41. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Heuristics
Eye movements and gaze durations
Emergency Theory
Parallel distributive processing
42. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Theories of emotion x 3
Parallel distributive processing
Convergent thinking
43. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Functional fixedness
Confirmation bias
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Associations between pictures and words
44. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Computer simulation models
Stroop effect
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins