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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Semantic effect
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Computer simulation models
Automatic processing
2. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Logical reasoning errors (types)
3. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Heuristics
Saccades
Automatic processing
Atmosphere effect
4. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Convergent thinking
Eye movements and gaze durations
Confirmation bias
Parallel distributive processing
5. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Heuristics
Semantic priming
Schachter-Singer theory
Saccades
6. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Semantic priming
Insight
Concepts
Convergent thinking
7. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Deductive reasoning
Top-down processing
Mental set
Emergency Theory
8. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Schema
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Associations between pictures and words
Intelligence
9. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Heuristics
Schachter-Singer theory
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Problem space
10. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Hypotheses
Heuristics
Intelligence
Reaction Time/Latency
11. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Intelligence
Insight
Parallel distributive processing
Computer simulation models
12. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Concepts
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Computer simulation models
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
13. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Automatic processing
Deductive reasoning
Heuristics
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
14. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Parallel distributive processing
Deductive reasoning
Problem space
Functional fixedness
15. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Reaction Time/Latency
Functional fixedness
Stroop effect
Decision making
16. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
prototypes
Hierarchical semantic network
Emergency Theory
Reaction Time/Latency
17. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Top-down processing
Theories of emotion x 3
Eye movements and gaze durations
Emergency Theory
18. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Decision making
Divergent thinking
Stroop effect
Inductive reasoning
19. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Mental set
Scripts
Reaction Time/Latency
Emergency Theory
20. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Associations between pictures and words
Problem space
Scripts
Emergency Theory
21. Test relationships then to form concepts
Hypotheses
Confirmation bias
Top-down processing
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
22. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Eye movements and gaze durations
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Automatic processing
Computer simulation models
23. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Inductive reasoning
Metacognition
Convergent thinking
Semantic effect
24. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Algorithms
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Heuristics
25. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Eye movements and gaze durations
Mental set
Functional fixedness
Hypotheses
26. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Top-down processing
Insight
27. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Mental set
Bottom-up processing
Inductive reasoning
Schema
28. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Confirmation bias
Scripts
Schema
Bottom-up processing
29. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Reaction Time/Latency
Semantic effect
Divergent thinking
30. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Computer simulation models
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Atmosphere effect
31. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Hierarchical semantic network
Atmosphere effect
Saccades
Intelligence
32. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Intelligence
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Mental set
33. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Convergent thinking
Metacognition
Stroop effect
Parallel distributive processing
34. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Insight
prototypes
Confirmation bias
35. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Semantic effect
Deductive reasoning
Metacognition
Scripts
36. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Automatic processing
Intelligence
Problem space
Mediation
37. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Emergency Theory
Inductive reasoning
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Convergent thinking
38. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Metacognition
prototypes
Hierarchical semantic network
Bottom-up processing
39. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
prototypes
Automatic processing
Computer simulation models
Convergent thinking
40. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Heuristics
Stroop effect
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Decision making
41. Represents relationship between two things
Semantic priming
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Computer simulation models
Concepts
42. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Semantic priming
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Convergent thinking
Metacognition
43. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Schema
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Confirmation bias
44. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Confirmation bias
Algorithms
Computer simulation models
Automatic processing