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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Test relationships then to form concepts
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Reaction Time/Latency
Hypotheses
2. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Semantic effect
Hypotheses
Confirmation bias
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
3. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Functional fixedness
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Reaction Time/Latency
Mental set
4. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Bottom-up processing
Automatic processing
Decision making
Emergency Theory
5. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Problem space
Emergency Theory
Deductive reasoning
Decision making
6. The representative or usual type of an event or object
prototypes
Hypotheses
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Convergent thinking
7. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Eye movements and gaze durations
Theories of emotion x 3
Reaction Time/Latency
8. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Concepts
Stroop effect
Hierarchical semantic network
Reaction Time/Latency
9. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Scripts
Theories of emotion x 3
Automatic processing
Confirmation bias
10. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Eye movements and gaze durations
Reaction Time/Latency
Schema
Atmosphere effect
11. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Mental set
Associations between pictures and words
Eye movements and gaze durations
Convergent thinking
12. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Hierarchical semantic network
Inductive reasoning
Theories of emotion x 3
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
13. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Convergent thinking
Heuristics
Saccades
Semantic effect
14. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Functional fixedness
Reaction Time/Latency
Heuristics
Confirmation bias
15. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Computer simulation models
Confirmation bias
Decision making
Emergency Theory
16. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Algorithms
Saccades
Emergency Theory
17. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Saccades
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Top-down processing
Stroop effect
18. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Heuristics
19. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Atmosphere effect
Saccades
Hypotheses
Mental set
20. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Confirmation bias
Stroop effect
Top-down processing
Emergency Theory
21. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Automatic processing
Top-down processing
Deductive reasoning
Semantic priming
22. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Heuristics
Intelligence
Schachter-Singer theory
Scripts
23. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Problem space
Eye movements and gaze durations
Hypotheses
Computer simulation models
24. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Problem space
Mediation
Computer simulation models
Automatic processing
25. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Hierarchical semantic network
Eye movements and gaze durations
Convergent thinking
Stroop effect
26. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Parallel distributive processing
Concepts
Schachter-Singer theory
Associations between pictures and words
27. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Divergent thinking
Schema
Decision making
Semantic effect
28. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Hierarchical semantic network
Eye movements and gaze durations
Deductive reasoning
Confirmation bias
29. Represents relationship between two things
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Concepts
Convergent thinking
Stroop effect
30. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Intelligence
Computer simulation models
Algorithms
Automatic processing
31. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Emergency Theory
Bottom-up processing
Decision making
32. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
Metacognition
Automatic processing
33. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Mediation
Associations between pictures and words
Heuristics
Convergent thinking
34. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Insight
Eye movements and gaze durations
Semantic effect
Decision making
35. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Hypotheses
Intelligence
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Schachter-Singer theory
36. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Parallel distributive processing
Decision making
Problem space
Top-down processing
37. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Reaction Time/Latency
Mediation
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Schema
38. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Inductive reasoning
Atmosphere effect
Intelligence
Semantic priming
39. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Associations between pictures and words
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Hierarchical semantic network
Inductive reasoning
40. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Schachter-Singer theory
Problem space
Eye movements and gaze durations
Top-down processing
41. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Schema
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Decision making
42. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Inductive reasoning
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Problem space
Semantic effect
43. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Intelligence
Scripts
Reaction Time/Latency
Hierarchical semantic network
44. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Problem space
Functional fixedness
Mental set
Associations between pictures and words