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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Scripts
Eye movements and gaze durations
Schachter-Singer theory
2. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Algorithms
Stroop effect
Scripts
Bottom-up processing
3. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Saccades
Atmosphere effect
Reaction Time/Latency
Associations between pictures and words
4. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Emergency Theory
Eye movements and gaze durations
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Hierarchical semantic network
5. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Stroop effect
Schema
Mediation
Deductive reasoning
6. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Hierarchical semantic network
Atmosphere effect
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Automatic processing
7. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Mediation
Schachter-Singer theory
Automatic processing
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
8. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Confirmation bias
Associations between pictures and words
Inductive reasoning
Problem space
9. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Saccades
Intelligence
Inductive reasoning
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
10. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Decision making
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Theories of emotion x 3
Mediation
11. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Associations between pictures and words
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Problem space
Insight
12. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Scripts
Schema
Semantic priming
Mental set
13. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Algorithms
Metacognition
Mediation
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
14. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Emergency Theory
Inductive reasoning
Heuristics
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
15. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Hierarchical semantic network
Deductive reasoning
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Problem space
16. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Saccades
Confirmation bias
Computer simulation models
17. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Schema
Problem space
Top-down processing
Deductive reasoning
18. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Confirmation bias
Eye movements and gaze durations
Mediation
Hierarchical semantic network
19. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Semantic priming
Insight
Divergent thinking
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
20. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Intelligence
Convergent thinking
Algorithms
21. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Semantic priming
Automatic processing
Schachter-Singer theory
Problem space
22. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Heuristics
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Problem space
Intelligence
23. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Reaction Time/Latency
Insight
Parallel distributive processing
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
24. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Functional fixedness
prototypes
Deductive reasoning
Mental set
25. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Insight
Concepts
Scripts
Metacognition
26. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Schema
Decision making
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
27. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Confirmation bias
Functional fixedness
prototypes
Reaction Time/Latency
28. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Functional fixedness
Computer simulation models
Saccades
Insight
29. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Hierarchical semantic network
Parallel distributive processing
Scripts
Logical reasoning errors (types)
30. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Divergent thinking
prototypes
Schema
Associations between pictures and words
31. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Schema
Theories of emotion x 3
Deductive reasoning
Algorithms
32. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Atmosphere effect
Confirmation bias
Computer simulation models
Emergency Theory
33. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Computer simulation models
Mental set
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
34. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Hypotheses
Associations between pictures and words
Intelligence
35. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Inductive reasoning
Emergency Theory
Associations between pictures and words
Computer simulation models
36. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Semantic effect
Reaction Time/Latency
Insight
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
37. Test relationships then to form concepts
Divergent thinking
Saccades
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Hypotheses
38. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Inductive reasoning
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Decision making
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
39. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Automatic processing
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Semantic effect
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
40. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Semantic effect
Scripts
41. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Reaction Time/Latency
Top-down processing
42. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Stroop effect
Hypotheses
Associations between pictures and words
43. Represents relationship between two things
Hierarchical semantic network
Functional fixedness
Insight
Concepts
44. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Semantic effect
Bottom-up processing
Mental set
Theories of emotion x 3