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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Theories of emotion x 3
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Problem space
Schachter-Singer theory
2. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Insight
Functional fixedness
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Semantic priming
3. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Functional fixedness
Reaction Time/Latency
Theories of emotion x 3
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
4. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Theories of emotion x 3
Problem space
Algorithms
Logical reasoning errors (types)
5. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Deductive reasoning
Top-down processing
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Automatic processing
6. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Mental set
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Semantic effect
Theories of emotion x 3
7. Test relationships then to form concepts
Hypotheses
Saccades
Computer simulation models
Mental set
8. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Reaction Time/Latency
Associations between pictures and words
Mediation
prototypes
9. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Associations between pictures and words
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Eye movements and gaze durations
Concepts
10. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Parallel distributive processing
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Intelligence
Functional fixedness
11. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Emergency Theory
Mediation
Algorithms
12. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Concepts
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Hierarchical semantic network
Convergent thinking
13. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Schachter-Singer theory
Scripts
Saccades
prototypes
14. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Divergent thinking
Stroop effect
Bottom-up processing
Hierarchical semantic network
15. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Theories of emotion x 3
Reaction Time/Latency
Concepts
Inductive reasoning
16. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Top-down processing
Theories of emotion x 3
Saccades
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
17. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Schachter-Singer theory
Functional fixedness
Top-down processing
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
18. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Functional fixedness
Insight
Mental set
Inductive reasoning
19. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Associations between pictures and words
Metacognition
Heuristics
Divergent thinking
20. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Schema
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Schachter-Singer theory
21. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Heuristics
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Confirmation bias
Divergent thinking
22. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Stroop effect
Algorithms
Atmosphere effect
Scripts
23. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Inductive reasoning
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Eye movements and gaze durations
Bottom-up processing
24. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Insight
Confirmation bias
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Automatic processing
25. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Atmosphere effect
Eye movements and gaze durations
Associations between pictures and words
Automatic processing
26. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Deductive reasoning
Heuristics
Computer simulation models
Decision making
27. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Hierarchical semantic network
Atmosphere effect
Reaction Time/Latency
Inductive reasoning
28. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Schachter-Singer theory
Intelligence
Hypotheses
Computer simulation models
29. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Eye movements and gaze durations
Convergent thinking
Concepts
Theories of emotion x 3
30. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Schachter-Singer theory
Concepts
Algorithms
Schema
31. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Parallel distributive processing
Convergent thinking
Confirmation bias
Emergency Theory
32. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Problem space
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Semantic effect
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
33. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Top-down processing
Mediation
Emergency Theory
34. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Mediation
Automatic processing
Atmosphere effect
Cognition Theory of Emotion
35. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Top-down processing
Intelligence
Reaction Time/Latency
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
36. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Mental set
Reaction Time/Latency
Convergent thinking
Decision making
37. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Scripts
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Convergent thinking
Mediation
38. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Mental set
Problem space
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Eye movements and gaze durations
39. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Mediation
Algorithms
Metacognition
Bottom-up processing
40. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Automatic processing
Insight
Theories of emotion x 3
Confirmation bias
41. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Semantic priming
Convergent thinking
Metacognition
Schachter-Singer theory
42. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Hierarchical semantic network
Heuristics
Schachter-Singer theory
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
43. Represents relationship between two things
Hierarchical semantic network
Concepts
Inductive reasoning
Heuristics
44. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Bottom-up processing
Algorithms
Mediation
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion