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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Hierarchical semantic network
Concepts
Semantic priming
Atmosphere effect
2. Test relationships then to form concepts
Problem space
Hypotheses
Schachter-Singer theory
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
3. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Automatic processing
Atmosphere effect
Semantic priming
Scripts
4. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Metacognition
Intelligence
Schema
Functional fixedness
5. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Insight
Automatic processing
Problem space
Algorithms
6. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Eye movements and gaze durations
Hypotheses
Mediation
Saccades
7. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Eye movements and gaze durations
Intelligence
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
8. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Reaction Time/Latency
Confirmation bias
Eye movements and gaze durations
Automatic processing
9. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Associations between pictures and words
prototypes
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Scripts
10. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Scripts
Semantic effect
Schachter-Singer theory
11. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Mental set
Decision making
Algorithms
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
12. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Mediation
Concepts
Convergent thinking
Semantic effect
13. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Atmosphere effect
Insight
Bottom-up processing
14. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Decision making
Semantic priming
prototypes
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
15. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Scripts
Reaction Time/Latency
Top-down processing
Semantic priming
16. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Saccades
Eye movements and gaze durations
Hierarchical semantic network
Schachter-Singer theory
17. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Theories of emotion x 3
Convergent thinking
Stroop effect
Semantic priming
18. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Schachter-Singer theory
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Functional fixedness
19. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
prototypes
Intelligence
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Confirmation bias
20. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Associations between pictures and words
Bottom-up processing
Emergency Theory
Deductive reasoning
21. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Atmosphere effect
Concepts
Mental set
22. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Eye movements and gaze durations
Mediation
Atmosphere effect
Mental set
23. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Stroop effect
Reaction Time/Latency
Algorithms
Top-down processing
24. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Confirmation bias
Theories of emotion x 3
Divergent thinking
Automatic processing
25. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Hypotheses
Hierarchical semantic network
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
26. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Heuristics
Metacognition
Reaction Time/Latency
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
27. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Intelligence
Mental set
prototypes
Cognition Theory of Emotion
28. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Theories of emotion x 3
Schema
Parallel distributive processing
Divergent thinking
29. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
prototypes
Convergent thinking
Theories of emotion x 3
Bottom-up processing
30. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Schema
Inductive reasoning
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Bottom-up processing
31. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Metacognition
Emergency Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Decision making
32. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Problem space
Semantic effect
Atmosphere effect
33. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Confirmation bias
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Saccades
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
34. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Mediation
Concepts
prototypes
Automatic processing
35. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Computer simulation models
Divergent thinking
Hypotheses
Insight
36. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Confirmation bias
Insight
Eye movements and gaze durations
37. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Deductive reasoning
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Convergent thinking
Hierarchical semantic network
38. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Parallel distributive processing
Mental set
Semantic effect
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
39. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Stroop effect
Bottom-up processing
Heuristics
Semantic priming
40. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Scripts
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Problem space
Schema
41. Represents relationship between two things
Mental set
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Concepts
Automatic processing
42. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Eye movements and gaze durations
Stroop effect
Computer simulation models
Insight
43. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Inductive reasoning
Problem space
Schema
Decision making
44. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Schema
Mental set
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
prototypes