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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Semantic priming
Automatic processing
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
2. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Confirmation bias
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Metacognition
3. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Emergency Theory
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Divergent thinking
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
4. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Automatic processing
Reaction Time/Latency
Eye movements and gaze durations
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
5. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Saccades
Insight
6. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Automatic processing
Scripts
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
7. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Automatic processing
Convergent thinking
Emergency Theory
8. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
prototypes
Scripts
Deductive reasoning
Schema
9. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Deductive reasoning
Automatic processing
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Logical reasoning errors (types)
10. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Bottom-up processing
Decision making
Semantic priming
Problem space
11. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Semantic priming
Semantic effect
Hierarchical semantic network
Heuristics
12. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Decision making
Convergent thinking
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Computer simulation models
13. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
prototypes
Intelligence
Deductive reasoning
Metacognition
14. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Confirmation bias
Saccades
Scripts
Decision making
15. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Confirmation bias
Convergent thinking
Problem space
Schachter-Singer theory
16. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Emergency Theory
Mediation
Convergent thinking
17. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Semantic priming
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Schachter-Singer theory
Algorithms
18. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Concepts
Mediation
Problem space
Metacognition
19. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Problem space
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Functional fixedness
20. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Hierarchical semantic network
Intelligence
Reaction Time/Latency
Insight
21. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Inductive reasoning
Confirmation bias
Heuristics
Functional fixedness
22. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Semantic effect
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Insight
Atmosphere effect
23. Test relationships then to form concepts
Convergent thinking
Hypotheses
Saccades
Divergent thinking
24. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Stroop effect
Convergent thinking
Deductive reasoning
Heuristics
25. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Eye movements and gaze durations
Problem space
Hierarchical semantic network
26. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Saccades
Mediation
Emergency Theory
Mental set
27. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Semantic priming
Emergency Theory
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Scripts
28. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Semantic priming
Mental set
Insight
29. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Emergency Theory
Insight
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Eye movements and gaze durations
30. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Algorithms
Atmosphere effect
Mediation
Schachter-Singer theory
31. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Stroop effect
Emergency Theory
Schachter-Singer theory
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
32. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Eye movements and gaze durations
Saccades
Emergency Theory
Convergent thinking
33. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Concepts
Theories of emotion x 3
Semantic effect
Functional fixedness
34. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Atmosphere effect
Semantic effect
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Confirmation bias
35. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Confirmation bias
Top-down processing
Emergency Theory
Associations between pictures and words
36. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Intelligence
Concepts
Heuristics
37. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Atmosphere effect
Associations between pictures and words
Inductive reasoning
Semantic priming
38. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Parallel distributive processing
Scripts
Theories of emotion x 3
Semantic priming
39. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Theories of emotion x 3
Mediation
Algorithms
Bottom-up processing
40. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Emergency Theory
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Eye movements and gaze durations
Heuristics
41. The representative or usual type of an event or object
prototypes
Algorithms
Functional fixedness
Decision making
42. Represents relationship between two things
Concepts
Stroop effect
Schachter-Singer theory
Computer simulation models
43. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Insight
Parallel distributive processing
Hierarchical semantic network
Top-down processing
44. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Divergent thinking
Intelligence
Metacognition
Insight