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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Heuristics
Top-down processing
Bottom-up processing
Intelligence
2. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Bottom-up processing
Decision making
Saccades
Heuristics
3. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Schachter-Singer theory
Convergent thinking
Saccades
Stroop effect
4. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Intelligence
Logical reasoning errors (types)
prototypes
Atmosphere effect
5. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Stroop effect
Metacognition
Functional fixedness
Concepts
6. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Decision making
Convergent thinking
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
7. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Decision making
Concepts
Confirmation bias
Insight
8. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Top-down processing
Emergency Theory
Hypotheses
Semantic effect
9. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Emergency Theory
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Problem space
Atmosphere effect
10. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Parallel distributive processing
Deductive reasoning
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Mental set
11. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Confirmation bias
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Bottom-up processing
12. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Reaction Time/Latency
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Problem space
13. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Bottom-up processing
Theories of emotion x 3
Scripts
Problem space
14. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Parallel distributive processing
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Mental set
Mediation
15. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Functional fixedness
Problem space
Eye movements and gaze durations
Logical reasoning errors (types)
16. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Metacognition
Schema
Divergent thinking
Confirmation bias
17. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Semantic priming
Stroop effect
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Concepts
18. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Intelligence
Mental set
Automatic processing
Hierarchical semantic network
19. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Eye movements and gaze durations
Metacognition
Confirmation bias
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
20. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Parallel distributive processing
Divergent thinking
Emergency Theory
21. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Convergent thinking
Mediation
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
22. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Semantic effect
Confirmation bias
Associations between pictures and words
Metacognition
23. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Metacognition
Algorithms
Heuristics
Bottom-up processing
24. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Saccades
Confirmation bias
Stroop effect
Convergent thinking
25. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Top-down processing
prototypes
Functional fixedness
Mental set
26. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Stroop effect
Associations between pictures and words
Schachter-Singer theory
prototypes
27. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Scripts
Problem space
Convergent thinking
Automatic processing
28. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Atmosphere effect
Computer simulation models
Divergent thinking
Parallel distributive processing
29. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Deductive reasoning
Insight
Theories of emotion x 3
Metacognition
30. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Reaction Time/Latency
prototypes
Concepts
31. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Eye movements and gaze durations
Semantic effect
Saccades
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
32. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Inductive reasoning
Emergency Theory
Heuristics
Insight
33. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Problem space
Insight
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Concepts
34. Represents relationship between two things
Concepts
Deductive reasoning
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Associations between pictures and words
35. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Hierarchical semantic network
Atmosphere effect
Eye movements and gaze durations
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
36. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Divergent thinking
Semantic effect
Decision making
Emergency Theory
37. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Problem space
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Schema
Divergent thinking
38. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Intelligence
Hierarchical semantic network
Concepts
39. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
prototypes
Reaction Time/Latency
Metacognition
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
40. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Bottom-up processing
Decision making
Theories of emotion x 3
Semantic effect
41. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Top-down processing
Schema
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Insight
42. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Theories of emotion x 3
Bottom-up processing
Emergency Theory
Decision making
43. Test relationships then to form concepts
Computer simulation models
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Hypotheses
Reaction Time/Latency
44. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
prototypes
Semantic priming
Automatic processing
Bottom-up processing