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GRE Psychology: Thinking

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d






2. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection






3. The representative or usual type of an event or object






4. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo






5. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans






6. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')






7. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age






8. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster






9. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made






10. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations






11. Test relationships then to form concepts






12. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble






13. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion






14. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)






15. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'






16. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself






17. Eye movements from one fixation point to another






18. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading






19. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'






20. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming






21. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased






22. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem






23. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias






24. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts






25. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem






26. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning






27. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process






28. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'






29. Represents relationship between two things






30. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection






31. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment






32. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)






33. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger






34. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)






35. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given






36. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c






37. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes






38. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger






39. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory






40. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm






41. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe






42. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them






43. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'






44. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER