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GRE Psychology: Thinking

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans






2. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming






3. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d






4. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them






5. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo






6. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)






7. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given






8. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion






9. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem






10. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm






11. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations






12. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)






13. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER






14. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made






15. Test relationships then to form concepts






16. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes






17. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'






18. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts






19. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection






20. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading






21. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'






22. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning






23. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment






24. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased






25. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c






26. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem






27. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process






28. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias






29. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory






30. Eye movements from one fixation point to another






31. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger






32. Represents relationship between two things






33. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age






34. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble






35. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection






36. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger






37. The representative or usual type of an event or object






38. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)






39. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'






40. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'






41. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster






42. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe






43. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')






44. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself