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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Eye movements and gaze durations
Mental set
Stroop effect
2. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Heuristics
Theories of emotion x 3
Automatic processing
Computer simulation models
3. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Functional fixedness
Reaction Time/Latency
Scripts
4. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Saccades
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Theories of emotion x 3
Schachter-Singer theory
5. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Divergent thinking
Schachter-Singer theory
Saccades
6. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Algorithms
Hypotheses
Theories of emotion x 3
7. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Automatic processing
Inductive reasoning
Hierarchical semantic network
Mental set
8. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Top-down processing
Reaction Time/Latency
9. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Schema
Convergent thinking
Top-down processing
Hypotheses
10. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Insight
Confirmation bias
11. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Automatic processing
Mental set
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Hierarchical semantic network
12. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Associations between pictures and words
Schema
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Mediation
13. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Metacognition
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Atmosphere effect
14. Test relationships then to form concepts
Heuristics
Decision making
Hypotheses
Functional fixedness
15. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Insight
Associations between pictures and words
Convergent thinking
Logical reasoning errors (types)
16. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Hierarchical semantic network
Theories of emotion x 3
Cognition Theory of Emotion
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
17. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Top-down processing
Theories of emotion x 3
Hypotheses
Reaction Time/Latency
18. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Hypotheses
Inductive reasoning
Semantic priming
Scripts
19. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Schachter-Singer theory
Algorithms
Decision making
20. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Automatic processing
Atmosphere effect
Computer simulation models
Semantic effect
21. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Functional fixedness
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Stroop effect
Associations between pictures and words
22. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Deductive reasoning
Saccades
Intelligence
23. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Hierarchical semantic network
Insight
Convergent thinking
Concepts
24. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Decision making
prototypes
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Atmosphere effect
25. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Convergent thinking
Automatic processing
Deductive reasoning
26. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Emergency Theory
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Bottom-up processing
Logical reasoning errors (types)
27. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Schema
Eye movements and gaze durations
Convergent thinking
Cognition Theory of Emotion
28. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Decision making
Mental set
Parallel distributive processing
Eye movements and gaze durations
29. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Theories of emotion x 3
Semantic effect
Deductive reasoning
Convergent thinking
30. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Inductive reasoning
Insight
31. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Metacognition
Heuristics
Top-down processing
Inductive reasoning
32. Represents relationship between two things
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Schema
Concepts
Confirmation bias
33. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Computer simulation models
Semantic effect
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Associations between pictures and words
34. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Bottom-up processing
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Automatic processing
Decision making
35. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Algorithms
Hierarchical semantic network
Mediation
Intelligence
36. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Confirmation bias
Reaction Time/Latency
Deductive reasoning
Mediation
37. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Emergency Theory
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Intelligence
Parallel distributive processing
38. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Algorithms
Confirmation bias
Problem space
prototypes
39. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Emergency Theory
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Parallel distributive processing
Semantic priming
40. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Semantic effect
Mental set
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
prototypes
41. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Stroop effect
Eye movements and gaze durations
Hypotheses
Logical reasoning errors (types)
42. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Intelligence
Semantic effect
Schema
43. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Scripts
Mental set
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Functional fixedness
44. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Semantic priming
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Decision making
prototypes