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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Functional fixedness
Theories of emotion x 3
Hierarchical semantic network
Saccades
2. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Semantic priming
3. Test relationships then to form concepts
Automatic processing
Hypotheses
Theories of emotion x 3
Mediation
4. Represents relationship between two things
Concepts
Intelligence
Hypotheses
Metacognition
5. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Divergent thinking
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Concepts
6. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Mental set
Eye movements and gaze durations
Intelligence
Reaction Time/Latency
7. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Stroop effect
Mental set
Metacognition
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
8. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Inductive reasoning
Concepts
Schachter-Singer theory
Insight
9. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Intelligence
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Reaction Time/Latency
Decision making
10. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Convergent thinking
Mediation
Eye movements and gaze durations
Metacognition
11. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Scripts
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Associations between pictures and words
12. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Schema
Divergent thinking
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Mediation
13. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Metacognition
Intelligence
Semantic effect
Insight
14. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Emergency Theory
Reaction Time/Latency
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Functional fixedness
15. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Schema
Problem space
16. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Divergent thinking
Heuristics
Atmosphere effect
Saccades
17. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Confirmation bias
Theories of emotion x 3
Schema
Associations between pictures and words
18. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Scripts
Computer simulation models
Concepts
Reaction Time/Latency
19. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Emergency Theory
Theories of emotion x 3
Schema
Mediation
20. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Reaction Time/Latency
Bottom-up processing
Concepts
Associations between pictures and words
21. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Eye movements and gaze durations
Stroop effect
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Top-down processing
22. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Algorithms
Theories of emotion x 3
Emergency Theory
Parallel distributive processing
23. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Metacognition
Saccades
Insight
Top-down processing
24. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Parallel distributive processing
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Convergent thinking
25. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Top-down processing
Confirmation bias
Semantic priming
Mental set
26. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
prototypes
Mental set
Computer simulation models
27. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Metacognition
Mental set
Saccades
Parallel distributive processing
28. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Reaction Time/Latency
Problem space
prototypes
29. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Computer simulation models
Schachter-Singer theory
Emergency Theory
30. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Heuristics
Automatic processing
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Reaction Time/Latency
31. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Intelligence
Saccades
Semantic priming
Schema
32. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Stroop effect
Schema
Concepts
Automatic processing
33. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Decision making
Concepts
Stroop effect
Confirmation bias
34. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Stroop effect
Intelligence
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
35. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Stroop effect
Inductive reasoning
Schema
Theories of emotion x 3
36. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Atmosphere effect
Scripts
Stroop effect
Confirmation bias
37. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Parallel distributive processing
Bottom-up processing
Heuristics
Associations between pictures and words
38. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Confirmation bias
Parallel distributive processing
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Insight
39. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Mediation
Atmosphere effect
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
prototypes
40. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Inductive reasoning
Parallel distributive processing
Mental set
Confirmation bias
41. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
prototypes
Divergent thinking
Parallel distributive processing
Semantic effect
42. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Stroop effect
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Insight
Concepts
43. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Top-down processing
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Decision making
Saccades
44. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Heuristics
Hypotheses
Theories of emotion x 3
Functional fixedness