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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Hypotheses
Insight
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Intelligence
2. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Top-down processing
Semantic priming
Insight
Bottom-up processing
3. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Emergency Theory
Atmosphere effect
Automatic processing
Semantic effect
4. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Eye movements and gaze durations
Associations between pictures and words
Scripts
Logical reasoning errors (types)
5. Represents relationship between two things
Atmosphere effect
Top-down processing
Mental set
Concepts
6. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Heuristics
Metacognition
Problem space
Decision making
7. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Divergent thinking
Stroop effect
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Scripts
8. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Heuristics
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Mental set
Problem space
9. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Mediation
Mental set
Confirmation bias
Logical reasoning errors (types)
10. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Top-down processing
Insight
Heuristics
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
11. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Metacognition
Mental set
Hierarchical semantic network
Emergency Theory
12. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Emergency Theory
Divergent thinking
Intelligence
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
13. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Scripts
Decision making
14. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Intelligence
Deductive reasoning
Divergent thinking
Semantic priming
15. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Algorithms
Semantic effect
Computer simulation models
Heuristics
16. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Parallel distributive processing
Semantic priming
Inductive reasoning
Mental set
17. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Stroop effect
Convergent thinking
Saccades
Divergent thinking
18. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Atmosphere effect
Theories of emotion x 3
Mediation
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
19. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Eye movements and gaze durations
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Functional fixedness
20. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Semantic priming
Theories of emotion x 3
Hierarchical semantic network
Eye movements and gaze durations
21. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Hierarchical semantic network
Divergent thinking
Convergent thinking
22. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Computer simulation models
Functional fixedness
Semantic priming
Top-down processing
23. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Problem space
Scripts
Hierarchical semantic network
24. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Associations between pictures and words
Atmosphere effect
Scripts
Confirmation bias
25. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Reaction Time/Latency
Algorithms
Hypotheses
Cognition Theory of Emotion
26. Test relationships then to form concepts
Top-down processing
Hypotheses
Saccades
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
27. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Hypotheses
Hierarchical semantic network
Algorithms
Emergency Theory
28. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Semantic priming
Intelligence
Top-down processing
Automatic processing
29. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
prototypes
Semantic priming
Metacognition
Intelligence
30. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Schema
Atmosphere effect
Theories of emotion x 3
Mental set
31. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Hypotheses
Intelligence
Deductive reasoning
Concepts
32. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Semantic effect
Functional fixedness
Mediation
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
33. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Deductive reasoning
Atmosphere effect
Automatic processing
Bottom-up processing
34. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Schachter-Singer theory
prototypes
Functional fixedness
Hypotheses
35. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Atmosphere effect
Inductive reasoning
Hypotheses
Parallel distributive processing
36. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Mediation
Automatic processing
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
37. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Intelligence
Insight
Theories of emotion x 3
Deductive reasoning
38. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Intelligence
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Algorithms
Saccades
39. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Theories of emotion x 3
Insight
Divergent thinking
Hierarchical semantic network
40. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Convergent thinking
Stroop effect
Inductive reasoning
Decision making
41. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Automatic processing
Convergent thinking
Hypotheses
42. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Deductive reasoning
Theories of emotion x 3
Scripts
Reaction Time/Latency
43. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Deductive reasoning
prototypes
Hypotheses
Schachter-Singer theory
44. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Associations between pictures and words
James-Lange Theory of Emotion