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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Computer simulation models
Parallel distributive processing
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Problem space
2. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Atmosphere effect
Eye movements and gaze durations
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Stroop effect
3. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Confirmation bias
Inductive reasoning
Computer simulation models
Automatic processing
4. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Stroop effect
Bottom-up processing
Functional fixedness
Convergent thinking
5. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Mediation
Decision making
Eye movements and gaze durations
Concepts
6. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Inductive reasoning
Theories of emotion x 3
Insight
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
7. Test relationships then to form concepts
Inductive reasoning
Associations between pictures and words
Hypotheses
Semantic effect
8. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Metacognition
Associations between pictures and words
Bottom-up processing
Algorithms
9. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Convergent thinking
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Semantic effect
Emergency Theory
10. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Convergent thinking
Schachter-Singer theory
Problem space
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
11. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Reaction Time/Latency
Insight
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Mental set
12. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Computer simulation models
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Reaction Time/Latency
13. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Atmosphere effect
Insight
Convergent thinking
Top-down processing
14. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Mental set
Divergent thinking
Decision making
15. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
Heuristics
Stroop effect
Scripts
Logical reasoning errors (types)
16. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Hierarchical semantic network
prototypes
Eye movements and gaze durations
Convergent thinking
17. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Mental set
Problem space
Theories of emotion x 3
Deductive reasoning
18. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Deductive reasoning
Associations between pictures and words
Semantic effect
19. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Associations between pictures and words
Heuristics
Algorithms
Semantic effect
20. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Semantic effect
Atmosphere effect
Automatic processing
Top-down processing
21. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Divergent thinking
Metacognition
Associations between pictures and words
Cognition Theory of Emotion
22. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Divergent thinking
Parallel distributive processing
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Saccades
23. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Theories of emotion x 3
Automatic processing
Metacognition
24. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Algorithms
Convergent thinking
Semantic effect
25. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Problem space
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Semantic effect
26. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Decision making
Problem space
Inductive reasoning
Hierarchical semantic network
27. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Intelligence
Scripts
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Algorithms
28. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Schema
Theories of emotion x 3
Hypotheses
Metacognition
29. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Top-down processing
Parallel distributive processing
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Decision making
30. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Automatic processing
Schema
Mediation
prototypes
31. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
prototypes
Computer simulation models
Mediation
Semantic priming
32. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Emergency Theory
Deductive reasoning
Metacognition
Intelligence
33. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Top-down processing
Theories of emotion x 3
Metacognition
Hierarchical semantic network
34. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Schachter-Singer theory
Divergent thinking
35. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Insight
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Theories of emotion x 3
36. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Mental set
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Saccades
Scripts
37. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Divergent thinking
Automatic processing
Scripts
38. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
Insight
Associations between pictures and words
Functional fixedness
Concepts
39. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Atmosphere effect
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Concepts
40. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Reaction Time/Latency
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Bottom-up processing
Algorithms
41. Represents relationship between two things
Mediation
Decision making
Concepts
Metacognition
42. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Stroop effect
Associations between pictures and words
Heuristics
Metacognition
43. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Theories of emotion x 3
prototypes
Decision making
Confirmation bias
44. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Emergency Theory
Eye movements and gaze durations
Hypotheses
Hierarchical semantic network