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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Thinking
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 44 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used to measure cognitive processing - Response speed for all types of tasks declines with age
Reaction Time/Latency
prototypes
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Mental set
2. Designed first Computer Simulation Models called LOGIC THEORIST - then revamped it and called it GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Inductive reasoning
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Heuristics
3. Logical reasoning error - believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather that what logically follows from the information given
Semantic effect
prototypes
Inductive reasoning
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
4. Logical reasoning error - remembering and using information that confirms what you already believe
Semantic priming
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Confirmation bias
Deductive reasoning
5. Logical reasoning error - conclusion influenced by the way information is phrased
Stroop effect
prototypes
Eye movements and gaze durations
Atmosphere effect
6. Atmosphere effect - semantic effect - confirmation bias
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Problem space
Parallel distributive processing
7. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion. Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Emergency Theory
Schema
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Mental set
8. Find the one solution to a problem (e.g. math)
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Insight
Schachter-Singer theory
Convergent thinking
9. The process of thinking about your own thinking - knowing what solving strategies to apply and when - or knowing how to adapt thinking to new situations
Parallel distributive processing
Computer simulation models
Metacognition
Cognition Theory of Emotion
10. Reasoning that leads to general rules inferred from specifics 'Most PhD student studied hard for GRE - if I do the same I may be able to get in to a good program'
Eye movements and gaze durations
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
11. The process of working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution; - The process of reaching a solution is usually based on some sort of assumption: rational/irrational - Solution is usually found by relying on reasoning and/or emotion - Commo
Decision making
Confirmation bias
Associations between pictures and words
Scripts
12. The representative or usual type of an event or object
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Problem space
prototypes
Associations between pictures and words
13. More than one possibility exists in a situation (e.g. chess or creative thinking)
Stroop effect
Mediation
Inductive reasoning
Divergent thinking
14. Movements and durations indicate information processing while reading
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Emergency Theory
Automatic processing
Eye movements and gaze durations
15. Cognitive theory of emotion; similar to James-Lange theory - emotions are the product of physiological reactions - but interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion
Hierarchical semantic network
Semantic effect
Schachter-Singer theory
Saccades
16. Problem solving strategies that use rules of thumb or short-cuts based on what has worked int eh past - Cannot guarantee a solution - but it is faster than algorithm
Associations between pictures and words
Confirmation bias
Intelligence
Heuristics
17. An organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them. - New events and objects are categorized based on how well they match the existing attributes
Schema
Concepts
Heuristics
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
18. Sum total of possible moves that one might make to solve a problem
Mental set
Mediation
Problem space
Stroop effect
19. Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem
Top-down processing
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Mental set
Hypotheses
20. Recognizing an item or pattern guided by larger concepts
Top-down processing
Convergent thinking
Automatic processing
Algorithms
21. Allan Collins and Ross Quillian - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Hypotheses
Computer simulation models
Intelligence
Parallel distributive processing
22. Slower between pictures than words; pictures must be put into words before associations made
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Associations between pictures and words
Schachter-Singer theory
23. Ideas about the way events typically unfold 'When people go to movies - they stay in their' seats and are quiet'
Hypotheses
Mental set
Scripts
Concepts
24. Frequently debated definition and types; the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in an environment
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
Intelligence
Problem space
Scripts
25. Decreased speed of naming color of ink if incongruous to word itself
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Problem space
Stroop effect
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
26. Problem solving strategy - considers every possible solution to arrive at correct one - time consuming
Eye movements and gaze durations
Computer simulation models
Inductive reasoning
Algorithms
27. Eye movements from one fixation point to another
Atmosphere effect
Problem space
Intelligence
Saccades
28. Suggested hierarchical semantic networks - people group related items; the more closely related items - the more quickly subject can link them (e.g. Answer T/F quicker to 'a canary is a bird' than 'a toaster is a bird')
Mediation
Metacognition
Cognition Theory of Emotion
Elizabeth Loftus and Allan Collins
29. Physiological responses cause emotion - We feel scared BECAUSE we tremble
Insight
Scripts
Mediation
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
30. Parallel distributive processing - People make decisions about the relationship between items by searching their cognitive semantic hierarchies - The farther apart in the hierarchy - the longer it will take to see a connection
Confirmation bias
Mental set
Functional fixedness
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
31. In a word recognition task - presentation of a related item before the next item; decreases reaction time because it activates node of the second item in semantic hierarchy - Pairing GRE with TEST vs. pairing GRE with lobster
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Divergent thinking
Semantic priming
Scripts
32. Intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response - It reminds us of what to do or how to respond based on ideas or past learning
Saccades
Reaction Time/Latency
Mediation
Inductive reasoning
33. James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Schachter-Singer theory
Theories of emotion x 3
Confirmation bias
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Schema
34. Represents relationship between two things
Mediation
Theories of emotion x 3
Concepts
Schachter-Singer theory
35. Elizabeth Loftus & Allen Collins - The more closely related two items are - the more closely they are located in the hierarchy - and the more quickly a subject can link them
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Theories of emotion x 3
Problem space
Hierarchical semantic network
36. Emergency theory; Emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously In emotional situations - our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response) Ex: We tremble and feel scared in response to anger
Automatic processing
Insight
Inductive reasoning
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
37. New perspective on old problem 'A-ha!'
Hypotheses
Insight
Logical reasoning errors (types)
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
38. Effortless task due to higher organization process - When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a higher organization process
Logical reasoning errors (types)
Automatic processing
Bottom-up processing
Metacognition
39. Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details (data driven)
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Bottom-up processing
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
Functional fixedness
40. Newell and Simon - designed to solve problems like humans
Computer simulation models
Saccades
Mediation
Scripts
41. The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. From this they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently 'Bird cage can only used as birdcage' - development of closed minds about the function of objects - d
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Functional fixedness
Semantic effect
Deductive reasoning
42. Reasoning that leads to specific conclusion that must follow from information given 'All coats are blue --> she is wearing a blue coat --> Her coat must be blue'
Decision making
Deductive reasoning
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Scripts
43. Test relationships then to form concepts
Hypotheses
Semantic priming
prototypes
Computer simulation models
44. Schachter-singer theory; emotions are the product of physiological reactions - cognitions are the link in the chain - interpretation of the physiological arousal is determined by the cognition we attach to a situation - leading to emotion Situation c
Hypotheses
Problem space
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Cognition Theory of Emotion