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Test your basic knowledge |
Inductive Reasoning
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
logic-and-reasoning
Instructions:
Answer 24 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In statistical theory - the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.
Random Sample
Analogy
Confidence Level
Target Group
2. In enumerative induction - a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.
Inference to the best explanation
Sample
Representative Sample
Biased Sample
3. Argue from premises about some members of a group to a generalization about the entire group. The entire group is called the target group; the observed members of the group - the sample; and the group characteristics we're interested in - the relevan
Method of Concomitant Variation
Enumerative Argument
Sufficient Condition
Target Group
4. (or target population) In enumerative induction - the whole collection of individuals under study.
Confidence Level
Biased Sample
Analogy
Target Group
5. A condition for the occurrence of an event that guarantees that the event occurs.
Causal claim
Sufficient Condition
Opinion polls
Inference to the best explanation
6. The relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs - and absent when the phenomenon does not occur - must be the cause.
Method of Concomitant Variation
Inductive Argument
Method of Difference
Biased Sample
7. Enumerative inductive arguments - or the basis of enumerative inductive arguments - and must be judged by the same general criteria used to judge any other enumerative induction.
Method of Difference
Representative Sample
Opinion polls
Sufficient Condition
8. An enumerative induction can fail to be strong by having a sample that's too small or not representative. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
Enumerative Argument
Inductive Argument
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
hasty generalization
9. Inductive argument whose conclusion contains a causal claim. There are several inductive patterns of reasoning used to assess causal connections. These include the Method of Agreement - the Method of Difference - the Method of Agreement and Differenc
Inductive Argument
Random Sample
Inference to the best explanation
causal argument
10. A sample that does not properly represent the target group.
Margin of Error
Analogy
Biased Sample
Confidence Level
11. A condition for the occurrence of an event without which the event cannot occur.
Necessary Condition
Enumerative Argument
Method of Difference
Opinion polls
12. (after that - therefore because of that). The fallacy of reasoning that just because B followed A - A must have caused B.
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Relevant Property
Sample
Confidence Level
13. When two events are correlated--when one varies in close connection w/ the other--they are probably related.
Representative Sample
Inductive Argument
Analogy
Method of Concomitant Variation
14. (or property in question) In enumerative induction - a property - or characteristic - that is of interest in the target group.
Margin of Error
Relevant Property
Confidence Level
Sample
15. A form of inductive reasoning in which we reason from premises about a state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs:
Enumerative Argument
Inference to the best explanation
Target Group
Margin of Error
16. A statement about the cause of things.
Inference to the best explanation
Opinion polls
Method of Agreement
Causal claim
17. Argument intended to give probable support for its conclusion.
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Inductive Argument
analogical induction
Sample
18. Reason that because two or more things are similar in several respects - they must be similar in some further respect. We evaluate arguments by analogy according to several criteria: (1) the number of relevant similarities between things being compar
Opinion polls
analogical induction
Sufficient Condition
Necessary Condition
19. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.
Analogy
Method of Difference
Margin of Error
analogical induction
20. Enumerative - Analogical - & Causal.
Sufficient Condition
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Biased Sample
21. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group.
analogical induction
Margin of Error
Opinion polls
Inference to the best explanation
22. If two or more occurrences of a phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common - that factor must be the cause.
Causal claim
Biased Sample
Method of Agreement
Inference to the best explanation
23. (or sample member) In enumerative induction - the observed members of the target group.
Sample
Confidence Level
Method of Concomitant Variation
analogical induction
24. A sample that is selected randomly from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative. In a simple random selection - every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
hasty generalization
Enumerative Argument
Random Sample
Representative Sample