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Test your basic knowledge |
Inductive Reasoning
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
logic-and-reasoning
Instructions:
Answer 24 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If two or more occurrences of a phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common - that factor must be the cause.
Representative Sample
Method of Agreement
Confidence Level
Inductive Argument
2. A statement about the cause of things.
Enumerative Argument
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
causal argument
Causal claim
3. In enumerative induction - a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.
Inference to the best explanation
Representative Sample
Biased Sample
Random Sample
4. Enumerative - Analogical - & Causal.
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
causal argument
analogical induction
Sample
5. A condition for the occurrence of an event that guarantees that the event occurs.
causal argument
Sample
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Sufficient Condition
6. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group.
Sample
Biased Sample
Analogy
Margin of Error
7. An enumerative induction can fail to be strong by having a sample that's too small or not representative. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
hasty generalization
Relevant Property
Confidence Level
Causal claim
8. (or sample member) In enumerative induction - the observed members of the target group.
Method of Difference
Sufficient Condition
Confidence Level
Sample
9. When two events are correlated--when one varies in close connection w/ the other--they are probably related.
Inductive Argument
Necessary Condition
Method of Concomitant Variation
Method of Agreement
10. Enumerative inductive arguments - or the basis of enumerative inductive arguments - and must be judged by the same general criteria used to judge any other enumerative induction.
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Opinion polls
Sufficient Condition
Method of Difference
11. Reason that because two or more things are similar in several respects - they must be similar in some further respect. We evaluate arguments by analogy according to several criteria: (1) the number of relevant similarities between things being compar
Analogy
analogical induction
Method of Agreement
Sufficient Condition
12. (after that - therefore because of that). The fallacy of reasoning that just because B followed A - A must have caused B.
Random Sample
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Method of Difference
Target Group
13. A sample that does not properly represent the target group.
Enumerative Argument
Opinion polls
Representative Sample
Biased Sample
14. Argue from premises about some members of a group to a generalization about the entire group. The entire group is called the target group; the observed members of the group - the sample; and the group characteristics we're interested in - the relevan
Enumerative Argument
Random Sample
Method of Agreement
Opinion polls
15. A form of inductive reasoning in which we reason from premises about a state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs:
Inference to the best explanation
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Representative Sample
Analogy
16. Argument intended to give probable support for its conclusion.
causal argument
Enumerative Argument
Representative Sample
Inductive Argument
17. (or target population) In enumerative induction - the whole collection of individuals under study.
Inference to the best explanation
Sample
Target Group
Enumerative Argument
18. (or property in question) In enumerative induction - a property - or characteristic - that is of interest in the target group.
Margin of Error
analogical induction
Sample
Relevant Property
19. The relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs - and absent when the phenomenon does not occur - must be the cause.
Method of Difference
Method of Agreement
Margin of Error
Random Sample
20. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.
Random Sample
Inference to the best explanation
Method of Agreement
Analogy
21. A condition for the occurrence of an event without which the event cannot occur.
Inference to the best explanation
hasty generalization
Method of Agreement
Necessary Condition
22. A sample that is selected randomly from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative. In a simple random selection - every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Margin of Error
Sufficient Condition
Random Sample
23. Inductive argument whose conclusion contains a causal claim. There are several inductive patterns of reasoning used to assess causal connections. These include the Method of Agreement - the Method of Difference - the Method of Agreement and Differenc
Confidence Level
causal argument
Relevant Property
Representative Sample
24. In statistical theory - the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.
Opinion polls
Representative Sample
Confidence Level
Margin of Error