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Inductive Reasoning

Instructions:
  • Answer 24 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An enumerative induction can fail to be strong by having a sample that's too small or not representative. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size






2. A condition for the occurrence of an event without which the event cannot occur.






3. A sample that is selected randomly from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative. In a simple random selection - every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.






4. In enumerative induction - a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.






5. Argument intended to give probable support for its conclusion.






6. Reason that because two or more things are similar in several respects - they must be similar in some further respect. We evaluate arguments by analogy according to several criteria: (1) the number of relevant similarities between things being compar






7. A sample that does not properly represent the target group.






8. A condition for the occurrence of an event that guarantees that the event occurs.






9. (after that - therefore because of that). The fallacy of reasoning that just because B followed A - A must have caused B.






10. (or target population) In enumerative induction - the whole collection of individuals under study.






11. Inductive argument whose conclusion contains a causal claim. There are several inductive patterns of reasoning used to assess causal connections. These include the Method of Agreement - the Method of Difference - the Method of Agreement and Differenc






12. In statistical theory - the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.






13. Enumerative inductive arguments - or the basis of enumerative inductive arguments - and must be judged by the same general criteria used to judge any other enumerative induction.






14. (or sample member) In enumerative induction - the observed members of the target group.






15. Argue from premises about some members of a group to a generalization about the entire group. The entire group is called the target group; the observed members of the group - the sample; and the group characteristics we're interested in - the relevan






16. Enumerative - Analogical - & Causal.






17. If two or more occurrences of a phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common - that factor must be the cause.






18. When two events are correlated--when one varies in close connection w/ the other--they are probably related.






19. The relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs - and absent when the phenomenon does not occur - must be the cause.






20. (or property in question) In enumerative induction - a property - or characteristic - that is of interest in the target group.






21. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group.






22. A statement about the cause of things.






23. A form of inductive reasoning in which we reason from premises about a state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs:






24. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.