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Test your basic knowledge |
Inductive Reasoning
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
logic-and-reasoning
Instructions:
Answer 24 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Enumerative inductive arguments - or the basis of enumerative inductive arguments - and must be judged by the same general criteria used to judge any other enumerative induction.
Opinion polls
Relevant Property
Causal claim
Confidence Level
2. In enumerative induction - a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.
Representative Sample
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Biased Sample
Sufficient Condition
3. A condition for the occurrence of an event without which the event cannot occur.
Relevant Property
Random Sample
Causal claim
Necessary Condition
4. When two events are correlated--when one varies in close connection w/ the other--they are probably related.
Sufficient Condition
Method of Difference
causal argument
Method of Concomitant Variation
5. A sample that is selected randomly from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative. In a simple random selection - every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
analogical induction
Method of Difference
Random Sample
Representative Sample
6. A statement about the cause of things.
hasty generalization
Causal claim
Random Sample
Target Group
7. (or target population) In enumerative induction - the whole collection of individuals under study.
Target Group
Analogy
Confidence Level
Sample
8. A condition for the occurrence of an event that guarantees that the event occurs.
Biased Sample
Sufficient Condition
analogical induction
Random Sample
9. A sample that does not properly represent the target group.
Target Group
Analogy
Method of Agreement
Biased Sample
10. If two or more occurrences of a phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common - that factor must be the cause.
Random Sample
Method of Agreement
Representative Sample
Target Group
11. In statistical theory - the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.
Confidence Level
Inductive Argument
causal argument
analogical induction
12. (after that - therefore because of that). The fallacy of reasoning that just because B followed A - A must have caused B.
Biased Sample
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Confidence Level
13. (or sample member) In enumerative induction - the observed members of the target group.
Target Group
Sample
Margin of Error
analogical induction
14. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.
Analogy
Random Sample
Confidence Level
Necessary Condition
15. A form of inductive reasoning in which we reason from premises about a state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs:
Inference to the best explanation
Margin of Error
Method of Difference
Biased Sample
16. Argument intended to give probable support for its conclusion.
Inductive Argument
Biased Sample
Inference to the best explanation
Method of Difference
17. An enumerative induction can fail to be strong by having a sample that's too small or not representative. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
hasty generalization
Random Sample
analogical induction
Necessary Condition
18. Enumerative - Analogical - & Causal.
Sufficient Condition
Sample
Method of Agreement
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
19. Argue from premises about some members of a group to a generalization about the entire group. The entire group is called the target group; the observed members of the group - the sample; and the group characteristics we're interested in - the relevan
Enumerative Argument
Margin of Error
Necessary Condition
causal argument
20. Inductive argument whose conclusion contains a causal claim. There are several inductive patterns of reasoning used to assess causal connections. These include the Method of Agreement - the Method of Difference - the Method of Agreement and Differenc
Causal claim
causal argument
Sample
Enumerative Argument
21. (or property in question) In enumerative induction - a property - or characteristic - that is of interest in the target group.
Relevant Property
Enumerative Argument
Biased Sample
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
22. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group.
causal argument
Representative Sample
Margin of Error
Method of Difference
23. Reason that because two or more things are similar in several respects - they must be similar in some further respect. We evaluate arguments by analogy according to several criteria: (1) the number of relevant similarities between things being compar
hasty generalization
analogical induction
Target Group
Relevant Property
24. The relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs - and absent when the phenomenon does not occur - must be the cause.
Biased Sample
causal argument
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Method of Difference