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Test your basic knowledge |
Inductive Reasoning
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Study First
Subject
:
logic-and-reasoning
Instructions:
Answer 24 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inductive argument whose conclusion contains a causal claim. There are several inductive patterns of reasoning used to assess causal connections. These include the Method of Agreement - the Method of Difference - the Method of Agreement and Differenc
causal argument
Inductive Argument
Margin of Error
Opinion polls
2. In enumerative induction - a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.
Representative Sample
hasty generalization
Biased Sample
Sample
3. Enumerative inductive arguments - or the basis of enumerative inductive arguments - and must be judged by the same general criteria used to judge any other enumerative induction.
Opinion polls
causal argument
Enumerative Argument
Sample
4. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.
Relevant Property
Causal claim
Analogy
Target Group
5. A condition for the occurrence of an event that guarantees that the event occurs.
Inference to the best explanation
Random Sample
Sufficient Condition
Method of Concomitant Variation
6. If two or more occurrences of a phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common - that factor must be the cause.
Confidence Level
Method of Agreement
Enumerative Argument
Method of Difference
7. Argument intended to give probable support for its conclusion.
Opinion polls
causal argument
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Inductive Argument
8. A form of inductive reasoning in which we reason from premises about a state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs:
analogical induction
Confidence Level
Inference to the best explanation
Analogy
9. (or sample member) In enumerative induction - the observed members of the target group.
Sample
Opinion polls
Analogy
Margin of Error
10. A sample that does not properly represent the target group.
Biased Sample
Method of Agreement
hasty generalization
causal argument
11. (or target population) In enumerative induction - the whole collection of individuals under study.
Target Group
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
hasty generalization
causal argument
12. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group.
Margin of Error
Sample
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Relevant Property
13. (or property in question) In enumerative induction - a property - or characteristic - that is of interest in the target group.
Opinion polls
Relevant Property
Method of Concomitant Variation
Biased Sample
14. An enumerative induction can fail to be strong by having a sample that's too small or not representative. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
hasty generalization
Enumerative Argument
Inductive Argument
15. Reason that because two or more things are similar in several respects - they must be similar in some further respect. We evaluate arguments by analogy according to several criteria: (1) the number of relevant similarities between things being compar
Analogy
Sufficient Condition
Margin of Error
analogical induction
16. (after that - therefore because of that). The fallacy of reasoning that just because B followed A - A must have caused B.
Target Group
Sufficient Condition
Biased Sample
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
17. Enumerative - Analogical - & Causal.
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
causal argument
hasty generalization
Enumerative Argument
18. When two events are correlated--when one varies in close connection w/ the other--they are probably related.
Method of Concomitant Variation
Causal claim
Sample
hasty generalization
19. The relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs - and absent when the phenomenon does not occur - must be the cause.
Relevant Property
hasty generalization
Method of Difference
Sample
20. A statement about the cause of things.
Necessary Condition
Causal claim
Method of Difference
Representative Sample
21. A condition for the occurrence of an event without which the event cannot occur.
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Method of Difference
Necessary Condition
Target Group
22. A sample that is selected randomly from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative. In a simple random selection - every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Random Sample
Method of Agreement
Margin of Error
hasty generalization
23. Argue from premises about some members of a group to a generalization about the entire group. The entire group is called the target group; the observed members of the group - the sample; and the group characteristics we're interested in - the relevan
Enumerative Argument
Representative Sample
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
hasty generalization
24. In statistical theory - the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.
Necessary Condition
Confidence Level
Representative Sample
Analogy