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Test your basic knowledge |
Inductive Reasoning
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
logic-and-reasoning
Instructions:
Answer 24 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample that is selected randomly from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative. In a simple random selection - every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Inductive Argument
Target Group
Random Sample
Opinion polls
2. (or target population) In enumerative induction - the whole collection of individuals under study.
Target Group
Margin of Error
Opinion polls
Biased Sample
3. A form of inductive reasoning in which we reason from premises about a state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs:
Biased Sample
Enumerative Argument
Sufficient Condition
Inference to the best explanation
4. When two events are correlated--when one varies in close connection w/ the other--they are probably related.
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Inductive Argument
Method of Concomitant Variation
hasty generalization
5. In enumerative induction - a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.
Necessary Condition
Relevant Property
Biased Sample
Representative Sample
6. Enumerative - Analogical - & Causal.
Target Group
Method of Agreement
Analogy
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
7. If two or more occurrences of a phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common - that factor must be the cause.
Margin of Error
Random Sample
Method of Concomitant Variation
Method of Agreement
8. Inductive argument whose conclusion contains a causal claim. There are several inductive patterns of reasoning used to assess causal connections. These include the Method of Agreement - the Method of Difference - the Method of Agreement and Differenc
Opinion polls
causal argument
Enumerative Argument
Random Sample
9. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.
hasty generalization
Relevant Property
Analogy
Method of Concomitant Variation
10. The relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs - and absent when the phenomenon does not occur - must be the cause.
Method of Agreement
Inductive Argument
Method of Difference
Causal claim
11. (or sample member) In enumerative induction - the observed members of the target group.
Inductive Argument
Relevant Property
Sample
analogical induction
12. (or property in question) In enumerative induction - a property - or characteristic - that is of interest in the target group.
Method of Concomitant Variation
hasty generalization
Relevant Property
Causal claim
13. Reason that because two or more things are similar in several respects - they must be similar in some further respect. We evaluate arguments by analogy according to several criteria: (1) the number of relevant similarities between things being compar
Opinion polls
Necessary Condition
analogical induction
causal argument
14. Argument intended to give probable support for its conclusion.
Necessary Condition
hasty generalization
Enumerative Argument
Inductive Argument
15. (after that - therefore because of that). The fallacy of reasoning that just because B followed A - A must have caused B.
Method of Agreement
Necessary Condition
Analogy
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
16. A sample that does not properly represent the target group.
Biased Sample
Method of Concomitant Variation
Sample
Opinion polls
17. In statistical theory - the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.
Margin of Error
Confidence Level
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Method of Difference
18. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group.
Confidence Level
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Margin of Error
Causal claim
19. A condition for the occurrence of an event that guarantees that the event occurs.
Inductive Argument
Enumerative Argument
Method of Agreement
Sufficient Condition
20. A statement about the cause of things.
Analogy
Causal claim
Inference to the best explanation
Representative Sample
21. An enumerative induction can fail to be strong by having a sample that's too small or not representative. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Target Group
Causal claim
hasty generalization
22. Enumerative inductive arguments - or the basis of enumerative inductive arguments - and must be judged by the same general criteria used to judge any other enumerative induction.
Method of Difference
Opinion polls
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
23. A condition for the occurrence of an event without which the event cannot occur.
analogical induction
Causal claim
Necessary Condition
Enumerative Argument
24. Argue from premises about some members of a group to a generalization about the entire group. The entire group is called the target group; the observed members of the group - the sample; and the group characteristics we're interested in - the relevan
Random Sample
Enumerative Argument
Inductive Argument
Relevant Property