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Test your basic knowledge |
Inductive Reasoning
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
logic-and-reasoning
Instructions:
Answer 24 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs - and absent when the phenomenon does not occur - must be the cause.
Inference to the best explanation
Target Group
Representative Sample
Method of Difference
2. Argument intended to give probable support for its conclusion.
Necessary Condition
Inductive Argument
Enumerative Argument
Relevant Property
3. A condition for the occurrence of an event without which the event cannot occur.
Necessary Condition
Random Sample
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Method of Difference
4. Argue from premises about some members of a group to a generalization about the entire group. The entire group is called the target group; the observed members of the group - the sample; and the group characteristics we're interested in - the relevan
Enumerative Argument
Inductive Argument
hasty generalization
Analogy
5. Enumerative inductive arguments - or the basis of enumerative inductive arguments - and must be judged by the same general criteria used to judge any other enumerative induction.
Sufficient Condition
Opinion polls
Analogy
Inference to the best explanation
6. A statement about the cause of things.
Representative Sample
Enumerative Argument
Causal claim
Relevant Property
7. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.
Sufficient Condition
Analogy
Causal claim
Method of Concomitant Variation
8. (or target population) In enumerative induction - the whole collection of individuals under study.
Sufficient Condition
Margin of Error
Biased Sample
Target Group
9. Inductive argument whose conclusion contains a causal claim. There are several inductive patterns of reasoning used to assess causal connections. These include the Method of Agreement - the Method of Difference - the Method of Agreement and Differenc
Sufficient Condition
causal argument
Biased Sample
Target Group
10. An enumerative induction can fail to be strong by having a sample that's too small or not representative. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
Inductive Argument
Margin of Error
hasty generalization
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
11. A form of inductive reasoning in which we reason from premises about a state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs:
Inductive Argument
Inference to the best explanation
hasty generalization
Method of Difference
12. In enumerative induction - a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.
causal argument
Method of Agreement
Representative Sample
Random Sample
13. (or sample member) In enumerative induction - the observed members of the target group.
Inference to the best explanation
Sample
Biased Sample
Confidence Level
14. (after that - therefore because of that). The fallacy of reasoning that just because B followed A - A must have caused B.
Necessary Condition
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Opinion polls
Margin of Error
15. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group.
Margin of Error
Causal claim
Biased Sample
causal argument
16. When two events are correlated--when one varies in close connection w/ the other--they are probably related.
analogical induction
Enumerative Argument
Method of Concomitant Variation
Representative Sample
17. If two or more occurrences of a phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common - that factor must be the cause.
Representative Sample
Necessary Condition
Method of Agreement
Margin of Error
18. A sample that is selected randomly from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative. In a simple random selection - every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Inference to the best explanation
Random Sample
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
hasty generalization
19. A sample that does not properly represent the target group.
Biased Sample
Method of Agreement
causal argument
Sufficient Condition
20. In statistical theory - the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.
Confidence Level
Opinion polls
Analogy
Method of Difference
21. (or property in question) In enumerative induction - a property - or characteristic - that is of interest in the target group.
Enumerative Argument
Relevant Property
hasty generalization
Necessary Condition
22. Enumerative - Analogical - & Causal.
causal argument
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Sufficient Condition
Biased Sample
23. A condition for the occurrence of an event that guarantees that the event occurs.
Method of Concomitant Variation
Sufficient Condition
Target Group
Representative Sample
24. Reason that because two or more things are similar in several respects - they must be similar in some further respect. We evaluate arguments by analogy according to several criteria: (1) the number of relevant similarities between things being compar
Inference to the best explanation
analogical induction
Biased Sample
3 Forms of Inductive Argument