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Test your basic knowledge |
Inductive Reasoning
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
logic-and-reasoning
Instructions:
Answer 24 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reason that because two or more things are similar in several respects - they must be similar in some further respect. We evaluate arguments by analogy according to several criteria: (1) the number of relevant similarities between things being compar
Margin of Error
Sufficient Condition
Causal claim
analogical induction
2. A sample that is selected randomly from a target group in such a way as to ensure that the sample is representative. In a simple random selection - every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Causal claim
Necessary Condition
Random Sample
causal argument
3. A form of inductive reasoning in which we reason from premises about a state of affairs to an explanation for that state of affairs:
causal argument
Method of Concomitant Variation
Inference to the best explanation
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
4. (or property in question) In enumerative induction - a property - or characteristic - that is of interest in the target group.
Sufficient Condition
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Random Sample
Relevant Property
5. An enumerative induction can fail to be strong by having a sample that's too small or not representative. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
hasty generalization
Method of Difference
Confidence Level
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
6. A condition for the occurrence of an event that guarantees that the event occurs.
Method of Agreement
Sufficient Condition
Biased Sample
Causal claim
7. (or sample member) In enumerative induction - the observed members of the target group.
Inference to the best explanation
Biased Sample
Sample
hasty generalization
8. (or target population) In enumerative induction - the whole collection of individuals under study.
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Biased Sample
Target Group
9. In enumerative induction - a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.
Method of Difference
Method of Concomitant Variation
Representative Sample
Confidence Level
10. Argue from premises about some members of a group to a generalization about the entire group. The entire group is called the target group; the observed members of the group - the sample; and the group characteristics we're interested in - the relevan
Sufficient Condition
hasty generalization
analogical induction
Enumerative Argument
11. A condition for the occurrence of an event without which the event cannot occur.
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Necessary Condition
Inference to the best explanation
Margin of Error
12. A sample that does not properly represent the target group.
causal argument
Target Group
Enumerative Argument
Biased Sample
13. Enumerative inductive arguments - or the basis of enumerative inductive arguments - and must be judged by the same general criteria used to judge any other enumerative induction.
Method of Difference
Opinion polls
Enumerative Argument
hasty generalization
14. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group.
Margin of Error
Opinion polls
Representative Sample
Method of Concomitant Variation
15. When two events are correlated--when one varies in close connection w/ the other--they are probably related.
Causal claim
Method of Concomitant Variation
Representative Sample
Relevant Property
16. Inductive argument whose conclusion contains a causal claim. There are several inductive patterns of reasoning used to assess causal connections. These include the Method of Agreement - the Method of Difference - the Method of Agreement and Differenc
Method of Agreement
causal argument
Sample
Sufficient Condition
17. Argument intended to give probable support for its conclusion.
Method of Agreement
Inductive Argument
Enumerative Argument
Opinion polls
18. The relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs - and absent when the phenomenon does not occur - must be the cause.
Necessary Condition
Method of Agreement
causal argument
Method of Difference
19. Enumerative - Analogical - & Causal.
Method of Concomitant Variation
3 Forms of Inductive Argument
Enumerative Argument
Inductive Argument
20. (after that - therefore because of that). The fallacy of reasoning that just because B followed A - A must have caused B.
post hoc - ergo propter hoc
Causal claim
Target Group
Opinion polls
21. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.
Random Sample
Inductive Argument
Analogy
hasty generalization
22. A statement about the cause of things.
Margin of Error
Causal claim
analogical induction
Relevant Property
23. If two or more occurrences of a phenomenon have only one relevant factor in common - that factor must be the cause.
Causal claim
Method of Agreement
Random Sample
Enumerative Argument
24. In statistical theory - the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.
Relevant Property
Confidence Level
Inference to the best explanation
analogical induction