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Test your basic knowledge |
Linguistics Basics
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when words have been disambigued and a sentence has a clear meaning
Archaism
Coherence
Truth value
Negation
2. 1. Airstream 2. Phonation 3. Nasalization 4. Articulation
Synchronic
Universal Grammar
Compounding
Four processes by which we produce sound
3. The principle of cooperation that states to avoid obscurity and ambiguity - be brief and orderly
Lexicon
Bound morphemes
Maxim of Manner
Individual/Restricted connotation
4. Mental representation of a word
Meaning
Flouting
Calque
Syntax
5. Using a word from another language to create a new word (cafe - deja-vu)
Implicature
Borrowing
Morphology
Derivation
6. A sentence in which no transformation has been applied
Metonymy
Phonology
Kernel sentence
Negation
7. Change the meaning of a word - or part of speech (ex. child -> childhood)
Meaning
Derivational morpheme
Backformation
Synchronic
8. What we say in a literal sense (speech act)
Metaphor
Competence
Locutionary Act
Maxim of Quantity
9. Describing the facts - Tries to determine why people use language the way they do - seeks to find the rules that govern spoken language
Phoneme
Four components of sounds
Phonology
Descriptive
10. Affixes - need to attach to another morpheme
Backformation
Bound morphemes
Illocutionary Act
Categorizations of Speech Acts
11. Invent new words from scratch (Xerox - Kleenex)
Invention
Semantic features
Collocative connotation
Inflectional morpheme
12. Deals with how sentences are formed
Collocative connotation
Phonetics
Universal Grammar
Syntax
13. Affix before the root
Compounding
Maxim of quality
Prefix
Phonology
14. Morphemes that can appear alone (cat)
Prefix
Inference
Free morphemes
Particle hopping
15. The rise and fall of sentences
Intonation
Pragmatics
Descriptive
Signified
16. The fact that saying something commits you to it (vow - promise - swearing) (speech act)
Derivation
Transformations
Illocutionary Act
Invention
17. Required by syntax - mark grammatical categories (plurality - tense - comparative - etc) suffixes only
Competence
Locutionary Act
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Inflectional morpheme
18. Using the initial letters of a set of words (NFL - NASA)
Phonetics
Universal Grammar
Inflectional morpheme
Acronyms
19. A single sound. K - d - t - e
Phoneme
Inference
Dative Movement
Blends
20. Deals with how sentences are formed
Syntax
Question
Borrowing
Backformation
21. 1. Representations 2. Directives 3. Expressives 4. Commissives 5. Declaratives
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Invention
Referent
Free morphemes
22. Two words of different meanings that differ in only one phoneme (bit and pit - dog and dock)
Referent
Recursion
Blends
Minimal pair
23. One who knows many languages
Syntax
Kernel sentence
Polyglot
Ambiguity
24. A transformation in which you divide the phrasal verb (Mary stood up John --> Mary stoop John up)
Morphology
Inference
Particle hopping
Derivation
25. The meaning of a sign
Transformations
Signified
Competence
Truth value
26. Change the meaning of a word - or part of speech (ex. child -> childhood)
Derivational morpheme
Semantic features
Meaning
Diachronic
27. Deals with the sounds of a language
Diachronic
Dative Movement
Phonetics
Blends
28. Aspects of meaning having to do with feelings or attitudes of speakers (liberal - terrorist)
Affective connotation
Passive
Deixis
Performance
29. Words that depend on the context of a sentence for meaning (I - here - now)
Compounding
Deictics
Metonymy
Signified
30. Deals with how the sounds are organized
Invention
Phonology
Three types of articulations
Derivation
31. The fact that saying something commits you to it (vow - promise - swearing) (speech act)
Presupposition
Signified
Borrowing
Illocutionary Act
32. Deals with the meaning of words - sentences - and texts
Signified
Three types of articulations
Semantics
Maxim of Quantity
33. Shortening a longer word (phone - auto) to create new words
Clipping
Language planning
Kernel sentence
Bound morphemes
34. Affix in the middle of a word
Infix
Semantics
Shibboleth
Implicature
35. A transformation in which you add a negation word to the sentence
Polyglot
Perlocutionary Act
Negation
Perlocutionary Act
36. Affix before the root
Negation
Prefix
Collocative connotation
Descriptive
37. Figurative use of meaning (Bob is a pig)
Blends
Metaphor
Speech Act
Morpheme
38. Noam Chomsky's idea that the principles that govern grammar are genetically programmed in human beings
Universal Grammar
Syntax
Adjacency Pair
Negation
39. Associations that an individual/small group may develop through everyday experiences (inside joke)
Particle hopping
Language planning
Backformation
Individual/Restricted connotation
40. Used by linguists to represent sounds in the languages of the world
Inference
International Phonetic Alphabet
Neologism
Lexicon
41. Combined phonemes - the smallest unit of language with a distinct meaning
Idioms
Meaning
Morpheme
Linguistics
42. When a public body decides which language will be taught in schools - what languages public employees must know - etc
Polyglot
Kernel sentence
Universal Grammar
Language planning
43. A sentence in context
Phoneme
Utterance
Maxim of quality
Lexicon
44. Parts of a word are translated from other languages to create a new word (Fernsprecher)
Calque
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Diachronic
Connotation
45. Meaning components
Semantic features
Referent
Phoneme
Universal Grammar
46. All aspects of meaning that go beyond the sense of the word - or the literal meaning
Context
Four processes by which we produce sound
Dative Movement
Connotation
47. Occurs when words have been disambigued and a sentence has a clear meaning
Truth value
Adjacency Pair
Intonation
Four processes by which we produce sound
48. Shift in meaning (drink a glass of water)
Phoneme
Metonymy
Locutionary Act
Coherence
49. 1. Airstream 2. Phonation 3. Nasalization 4. Articulation
Four processes by which we produce sound
Shibboleth
Cohesion
Meaning
50. Meanings of the same word that are unrelated (bank)
Transformations
Speech Act
Homonyms
Coherence
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