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Test your basic knowledge |
Linguistics Basics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All aspects of meaning that go beyond the sense of the word - or the literal meaning
Minimal pair
Connotation
Transformations
Semantic features
2. Required by syntax - mark grammatical categories (plurality - tense - comparative - etc) suffixes only
Four processes by which we produce sound
Inflectional morpheme
Referent
Maxim of Manner
3. Aspects of meaning having to do with feelings or attitudes of speakers (liberal - terrorist)
Derivation
Sign
Universal Grammar
Affective connotation
4. The science that studies language
Free morphemes
Linguistics
Pragmatics
Backformation
5. Affix after the root
Universal Grammar
Suffix
Free morphemes
Denotation
6. A transformation in which you divide the phrasal verb (Mary stood up John --> Mary stoop John up)
Recursion
Particle hopping
Derivation
Homonyms
7. A transformation in which you change the voice of the sentence (Mary stoop up John --> John was stood up by Mary)
Passive
Suffix
Meaning
Ambiguity
8. Shift in meaning (drink a glass of water)
Derivation
Metonymy
Borrowing
Idioms
9. What can be deduced from the sentence's literal meaning
Inference
Illocutionary Act
Borrowing
Three types of articulations
10. Moving parts of a sentence into different positions for emphatic purposes
Truth value
Descriptive
Compounding
Transformations
11. Putting two old words together to make a new word (railway)
Compounding
Backformation
Semantics
Context
12. The principle of cooperation that requires you be as informative as required but not more than that
Particle hopping
Truth value
Maxim of Quantity
Passive
13. A black and white - right and wrong approach to language - traditional - seeks to impose outside arbitrary rules
Prescriptive
Question
Perlocutionary Act
Semantics
14. Aspects of meaning having to do with the linguistic environment in which the expression occurs (cease and desist)
Context
Cohesion
Acronyms
Collocative connotation
15. Deals with how sounds are put together to form words
Free morphemes
Metaphor
Question
Morphology
16. 1. Airstream 2. Phonation 3. Nasalization 4. Articulation
Inference
Negation
Calque
Four processes by which we produce sound
17. The principle of cooperation that states to avoid obscurity and ambiguity - be brief and orderly
Utterance
Maxim of Manner
Referent
Backformation
18. A sentence in context
Utterance
Particle hopping
Cohesion
Coherence
19. Having more than one meaning (polysemy)
Ambiguity
Backformation
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Calque
20. The ability to produce language - what you know
Infix
Competence
Morphology
Maxim of relevance
21. The sequence of sounds that make up a word
Calque
Suffix
Signifier
Linguistics
22. Aspects of meaning having to do with the linguistic environment in which the expression occurs (cease and desist)
Shibboleth
Linguistics
Collocative connotation
Kernel sentence
23. Describing the facts - Tries to determine why people use language the way they do - seeks to find the rules that govern spoken language
Linguistics
Descriptive
Synchronic
Suffix
24. Affix before the root
Coherence
Prefix
Bound morphemes
Collocative connotation
25. Blending two existing words (motel - brunch)
Blends
Coded connotations
Referent
Deixis
26. The connection between shape and meaning is arbitrary
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Free morphemes
Performance
Invention
27. The principle of cooperation that requires relevance
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Maxim of relevance
Homonyms
Transformations
28. Core meaning - corresponds to a sign's sense or intension - the literal meaning of a word
Truth value
Denotation
Semantic features
Neologism
29. A new word
Homonyms
Neologism
Illocutionary Act
Connotation
30. When a public body decides which language will be taught in schools - what languages public employees must know - etc
Coded connotations
Four processes by which we produce sound
Truth value
Language planning
31. Meaning components
Semantic features
Bound morphemes
Deictics
Archaism
32. Deals with the sounds of a language
Pragmatics
International Phonetic Alphabet
Phonetics
Flouting
33. The principle of cooperation that states to avoid obscurity and ambiguity - be brief and orderly
Maxim of Manner
Transformations
Dative Movement
Utterance
34. Change the meaning of a word - or part of speech (ex. child -> childhood)
Derivational morpheme
Reflected connotation
Inference
Deictics
35. Invent new words from scratch (Xerox - Kleenex)
Phonology
Invention
Truth value
Derivational morpheme
36. Combined phonemes - the smallest unit of language with a distinct meaning
Connotation
Morpheme
Synchronic
Phonology
37. The situation in which a sentence is uttered
Referent
Blends
Phoneme
Context
38. Adding derivational morphemes to create new words (to fax)
Semantic features
Affective connotation
Derivation
Phoneme
39. A transformation in which you add a negation word to the sentence
Negation
Neologism
Coherence
Acronyms
40. Aspects of meaning concerning other meanings of an expression that may be activated when irrelevant (cock)
Reflected connotation
Semantic features
Flouting
Meaning
41. The effect an utterance has on its audience (speech act)
Three types of articulations
Metonymy
Perlocutionary Act
Context
42. A sentence in which no transformation has been applied
Archaism
Kernel sentence
Deictics
Social connotation
43. Used by linguists to represent sounds in the languages of the world
Lexicon
Deixis
International Phonetic Alphabet
Performance
44. Meanings of the same word that are unrelated (bank)
Particle hopping
Four components of sounds
Backformation
Homonyms
45. A new word
Neologism
Inference
Phonetics
Signified
46. The meaning derived from flouting
Four components of sounds
Individual/Restricted connotation
Implicature
Acronyms
47. Deals with the sounds of a language
Utterance
Signifier
Semantics
Phonetics
48. Two words of different meanings that differ in only one phoneme (bit and pit - dog and dock)
Free morphemes
Reflected connotation
Four processes by which we produce sound
Minimal pair
49. The Principle of cooperation that states that one does not say what is false or what you lack evidence for
Maxim of quality
Free morphemes
Idioms
Adjacency Pair
50. The sequence of sounds that make up a word
Signifier
Social connotation
Denotation
Signified