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Test your basic knowledge |
Linguistics Basics
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The effect an utterance has on its audience (speech act)
Perlocutionary Act
Acronyms
Intonation
Four processes by which we produce sound
2. Used by linguists to represent sounds in the languages of the world
Diachronic
International Phonetic Alphabet
Lexicon
Semantics
3. Having more than one meaning (polysemy)
Cohesion
Ambiguity
Language planning
Derivation
4. Associations that an individual/small group may develop through everyday experiences (inside joke)
Phonetics
Lexicon
Deictics
Individual/Restricted connotation
5. The set of sentences that must be true for the sentence to be true
Prescriptive
Cohesion
Shibboleth
Presupposition
6. The fact that saying something commits you to it (vow - promise - swearing) (speech act)
Illocutionary Act
Four components of sounds
Prefix
Lexicon
7. 1. Airstream 2. Phonation 3. Nasalization 4. Articulation
Polyglot
Universal Grammar
Four processes by which we produce sound
Passive
8. 1. Representations 2. Directives 3. Expressives 4. Commissives 5. Declaratives
Referent
Four components of sounds
Maxim of Manner
Categorizations of Speech Acts
9. Core meaning - corresponds to a sign's sense or intension - the literal meaning of a word
Connotation
Neologism
Adjacency Pair
Denotation
10. Deals with the meaning of words - sentences - and texts
Implicature
Locutionary Act
Context
Semantics
11. Deals with how sounds are put together to form words
Passive
Phonology
Morphology
Language planning
12. The meaning of a sign
Signifier
Signified
Ambiguity
Utterance
13. The science that studies language
Performance
Linguistics
Ambiguity
International Phonetic Alphabet
14. Affix after the root
Blends
Maxim of Quantity
Suffix
Prescriptive
15. The sequence of sounds that make up a word
Maxim of Quantity
Perlocutionary Act
Competence
Signifier
16. Invent new words from scratch (Xerox - Kleenex)
Archaism
Perlocutionary Act
Invention
Maxim of Manner
17. 1. Quality or timbre 2. Volume 3. Length 4. Pitch or tone
Invention
Morphology
Four components of sounds
Polyglot
18. The rise and fall of sentences
Intonation
Coded connotations
Adjacency Pair
Universal Grammar
19. All aspects of meaning that go beyond the sense of the word - or the literal meaning
Borrowing
Passive
Connotation
Maxim of relevance
20. Putting two old words together to make a new word (railway)
Connotation
Compounding
Derivation
Phonology
21. The word that connects the meaning and the referent
Social connotation
Transformations
Sign
Neologism
22. The connection between shape and meaning is arbitrary
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Bound morphemes
Inference
Deixis
23. One who knows many languages
Transformations
Ambiguity
Polyglot
Presupposition
24. Aspects of meaning having to do with the linguistic environment in which the expression occurs (cease and desist)
Coherence
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Neologism
Collocative connotation
25. A sentence in which no transformation has been applied
Morphology
Performance
Three types of articulations
Kernel sentence
26. Aspects of meaning evoked by cultural or literary codes
Coded connotations
Individual/Restricted connotation
Particle hopping
Minimal pair
27. A sentence in context
Derivational morpheme
Utterance
Maxim of Quantity
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
28. Change the meaning of a word - or part of speech (ex. child -> childhood)
Derivation
Derivational morpheme
Deixis
Referent
29. Using a word from another language to create a new word (cafe - deja-vu)
Borrowing
Flouting
Implicature
International Phonetic Alphabet
30. Meanings of the same word that are unrelated (bank)
Truth value
Prescriptive
Homonyms
Maxim of quality
31. The fact that saying something commits you to it (vow - promise - swearing) (speech act)
Social connotation
Polyglot
Illocutionary Act
Particle hopping
32. Required by syntax - mark grammatical categories (plurality - tense - comparative - etc) suffixes only
Inflectional morpheme
Particle hopping
Presupposition
Suffix
33. The ability to produce language - what you know
Homonyms
Deixis
Backformation
Competence
34. Deals with the meaning of words - sentences - and texts
Passive
Pragmatics
Semantics
Descriptive
35. The principle of cooperation that requires relevance
Recursion
Infix
Presupposition
Maxim of relevance
36. The branch of pragmatics that studies deictic words
Signifier
Phoneme
Deixis
Pragmatics
37. Purposefully violating one of the principles/maxims of cooperation
Inflectional morpheme
Flouting
Polyglot
Shibboleth
38. Two words of different meanings that differ in only one phoneme (bit and pit - dog and dock)
Descriptive
Affective connotation
Truth value
Minimal pair
39. Two linked turns by different speakers which make sense only taken together (How are you? Fine. How about you?)
Adjacency Pair
Signified
Kernel sentence
Signifier
40. A transformation in which you divide the phrasal verb (Mary stood up John --> Mary stoop John up)
Language planning
Recursion
Inference
Particle hopping
41. The vocabulary of a speaker/language
Lexicon
Universal Grammar
Implicature
Derivation
42. Aspects of meaning having to do with feelings or attitudes of speakers (liberal - terrorist)
Affective connotation
Transformations
Signifier
Presupposition
43. Words that depend on the context of a sentence for meaning (I - here - now)
Deictics
Adjacency Pair
Neologism
Negation
44. A single sound. K - d - t - e
Four processes by which we produce sound
Free morphemes
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Phoneme
45. The rise and fall of sentences
Derivational morpheme
Phoneme
Intonation
Particle hopping
46. What we say in a literal sense (speech act)
Idioms
Locutionary Act
Negation
Morpheme
47. The set of sentences that must be true for the sentence to be true
Suffix
Flouting
Intonation
Presupposition
48. Describes how language words today or at any given moment in time - not concerned with origin/history
Implicature
Coded connotations
Synchronic
Metonymy
49. The situation in which a sentence is uttered
Deixis
Derivational morpheme
Context
Language planning
50. Historical - shows how language has changed through time - traces the etymology of words
Borrowing
Derivation
Diachronic
Acronyms
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