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Test your basic knowledge |
Linguistics Basics
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sentence in which no transformation has been applied
Infix
Kernel sentence
International Phonetic Alphabet
Denotation
2. The fact that saying something commits you to it (vow - promise - swearing) (speech act)
Illocutionary Act
Maxim of quality
Acronyms
Neologism
3. Required by syntax - mark grammatical categories (plurality - tense - comparative - etc) suffixes only
Dative Movement
Morphology
Inflectional morpheme
Semantic features
4. When a public body decides which language will be taught in schools - what languages public employees must know - etc
Maxim of relevance
Prefix
Language planning
Universal Grammar
5. The situation in which a sentence is uttered
Inflectional morpheme
Cohesion
Maxim of Manner
Context
6. The overall meaning of a text
Intonation
Social connotation
Coherence
Cohesion
7. Associations that an individual/small group may develop through everyday experiences (inside joke)
Four processes by which we produce sound
Individual/Restricted connotation
Collocative connotation
Signified
8. 1. Representations 2. Directives 3. Expressives 4. Commissives 5. Declaratives
Derivational morpheme
Invention
Semantic features
Categorizations of Speech Acts
9. The fact that saying something commits you to it (vow - promise - swearing) (speech act)
Illocutionary Act
Lexicon
Signified
Archaism
10. Aspects of meaning evoked by cultural or literary codes
Infix
Coded connotations
Derivational morpheme
Derivation
11. The object which you can see - touch - hear - or smell
Affective connotation
Referent
Diachronic
Infix
12. Purposefully violating one of the principles/maxims of cooperation
Inference
Semantic features
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Flouting
13. The vocabulary of a speaker/language
Collocative connotation
Lexicon
Prefix
Morpheme
14. Noam Chomsky's idea that the principles that govern grammar are genetically programmed in human beings
Reflected connotation
Universal Grammar
Minimal pair
Denotation
15. A transformation in which you add a negation word to the sentence
Metonymy
Kernel sentence
Homonyms
Negation
16. A transformation in which you add an auxiliary verb and switching to question format
Maxim of quality
Descriptive
Deictics
Question
17. 1. Representations 2. Directives 3. Expressives 4. Commissives 5. Declaratives
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Utterance
Speech Act
Social connotation
18. Describes how language words today or at any given moment in time - not concerned with origin/history
Synchronic
Clipping
Presupposition
Referent
19. A transformation in which you divide the phrasal verb (Mary stood up John --> Mary stoop John up)
Affective connotation
Particle hopping
Acronyms
Prescriptive
20. A new word
Descriptive
Neologism
Phonetics
Phoneme
21. A sentence in context
Utterance
Transformations
International Phonetic Alphabet
Phonology
22. Mental representation of a word
Clipping
Backformation
Meaning
Maxim of quality
23. Aspects of meaning evoked by cultural or literary codes
Meaning
Coded connotations
Context
Phonetics
24. Morphemes that can appear alone (cat)
Context
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Question
Free morphemes
25. Core meaning - corresponds to a sign's sense or intension - the literal meaning of a word
Denotation
Backformation
Free morphemes
Phonology
26. A transformation in which you change the voice of the sentence (Mary stoop up John --> John was stood up by Mary)
Flouting
Passive
Transformations
Social connotation
27. Actually saying a word - what you can do
Kernel sentence
Performance
Referent
Diachronic
28. Provides information about the group to which individuals belong
Shibboleth
Phonology
Minimal pair
Dative Movement
29. Deals with the meaning of words - sentences - and texts
Semantics
Presupposition
Affective connotation
Intonation
30. Having more than one meaning (polysemy)
Perlocutionary Act
Particle hopping
Ambiguity
Homonyms
31. Affixes - need to attach to another morpheme
Speech Act
Transformations
Context
Bound morphemes
32. Two linked turns by different speakers which make sense only taken together (How are you? Fine. How about you?)
Competence
Recursion
Illocutionary Act
Adjacency Pair
33. The Principle of cooperation that states that one does not say what is false or what you lack evidence for
Three types of articulations
Maxim of quality
Blends
Utterance
34. Invent new words from scratch (Xerox - Kleenex)
Invention
Pragmatics
Shibboleth
Negation
35. The connection between shape and meaning is arbitrary
Referent
Reflected connotation
Diachronic
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
36. A transformation in which you add a negation word to the sentence
Compounding
Negation
Signifier
Intonation
37. A black and white - right and wrong approach to language - traditional - seeks to impose outside arbitrary rules
Dative Movement
Prescriptive
Meaning
Inflectional morpheme
38. The connection between shape and meaning is arbitrary
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Free morphemes
Dative Movement
Linguistics
39. What we say in a literal sense (speech act)
Locutionary Act
Polyglot
Linguistics
Utterance
40. The set of sentences that must be true for the sentence to be true
Adjacency Pair
Invention
Presupposition
Meaning
41. 1. Vowels (no obstruction) 2. Stops (complete obstruction) 3. Fricatives (Partial occlusion)
Presupposition
Three types of articulations
Maxim of relevance
Adjacency Pair
42. The ability to produce language - what you know
Competence
Invention
Speech Act
Deictics
43. Deals with the sounds of a language
Pragmatics
Four components of sounds
Phonetics
Maxim of Quantity
44. Used by linguists to represent sounds in the languages of the world
Signifier
Flouting
Borrowing
International Phonetic Alphabet
45. Deals with how sounds are put together to form words
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Morphology
Recursion
Lexicon
46. Shift in meaning (drink a glass of water)
Transformations
Inflectional morpheme
Metonymy
Phonology
47. Actually saying a word - what you can do
Calque
Performance
Metonymy
Invention
48. Figurative use of meaning (Bob is a pig)
International Phonetic Alphabet
Transformations
Implicature
Metaphor
49. The overall meaning of a text
Metonymy
Inflectional morpheme
Calque
Coherence
50. Using a word from another language to create a new word (cafe - deja-vu)
Borrowing
Presupposition
Diachronic
Signifier
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