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Test your basic knowledge |
Linguistics Basics
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Actually saying a word - what you can do
Prefix
Four components of sounds
Performance
Free morphemes
2. Putting two old words together to make a new word (railway)
Compounding
Truth value
Illocutionary Act
Signified
3. Breaking a word down by the way it looks and adding morphemes (workaholic - veggieburger)
Backformation
Signifier
Phoneme
Referent
4. How sentences and texts are used in the world(context)
Bound morphemes
Pragmatics
Backformation
Kernel sentence
5. Used by linguists to represent sounds in the languages of the world
International Phonetic Alphabet
Phoneme
Competence
Signified
6. A single sound. K - d - t - e
Language planning
Recursion
Phoneme
Derivational morpheme
7. The overall meaning of a text
Signified
Coherence
Pragmatics
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
8. 1. Vowels (no obstruction) 2. Stops (complete obstruction) 3. Fricatives (Partial occlusion)
Affective connotation
Individual/Restricted connotation
Signified
Three types of articulations
9. Required by syntax - mark grammatical categories (plurality - tense - comparative - etc) suffixes only
Presupposition
Inflectional morpheme
Maxim of relevance
Language planning
10. A black and white - right and wrong approach to language - traditional - seeks to impose outside arbitrary rules
Prescriptive
Synchronic
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Acronyms
11. When a public body decides which language will be taught in schools - what languages public employees must know - etc
Deictics
Minimal pair
Derivational morpheme
Language planning
12. Deals with how sounds are put together to form words
Kernel sentence
Cohesion
Ambiguity
Morphology
13. A transformation in which you shift the object of a sentence (Mary gave a book to John --> Mary gave John a book)
Four processes by which we produce sound
Meaning
Semantic features
Dative Movement
14. A sentence in which no transformation has been applied
Diachronic
Pragmatics
Kernel sentence
Cohesion
15. Occurs when words have been disambigued and a sentence has a clear meaning
Phonetics
Prescriptive
Ambiguity
Truth value
16. The meaning derived from flouting
Dative Movement
International Phonetic Alphabet
Implicature
Language planning
17. A new word
Referent
Maxim of relevance
Neologism
Borrowing
18. Purposefully violating one of the principles/maxims of cooperation
Phoneme
Context
Flouting
Cohesion
19. A transformation in which you change the voice of the sentence (Mary stoop up John --> John was stood up by Mary)
Affective connotation
Synchronic
Illocutionary Act
Passive
20. The rise and fall of sentences
Idioms
Passive
Intonation
Inflectional morpheme
21. A black and white - right and wrong approach to language - traditional - seeks to impose outside arbitrary rules
Four processes by which we produce sound
Prescriptive
Backformation
Minimal pair
22. Having more than one meaning (polysemy)
Connotation
Ambiguity
Signified
Coherence
23. Describes how language words today or at any given moment in time - not concerned with origin/history
Universal Grammar
Synchronic
Polyglot
Derivational morpheme
24. Moving parts of a sentence into different positions for emphatic purposes
Transformations
Synchronic
Calque
Sign
25. Adding derivational morphemes to create new words (to fax)
Derivation
Metonymy
Affective connotation
Perlocutionary Act
26. Combined phonemes - the smallest unit of language with a distinct meaning
Maxim of quality
Morpheme
Diachronic
Metonymy
27. Change the meaning of a word - or part of speech (ex. child -> childhood)
Signifier
Utterance
Question
Derivational morpheme
28. Actually saying a word - what you can do
Derivation
Performance
Recursion
Question
29. The principle of cooperation that states to avoid obscurity and ambiguity - be brief and orderly
Utterance
Three types of articulations
Maxim of Manner
Maxim of quality
30. Associations that an individual/small group may develop through everyday experiences (inside joke)
Individual/Restricted connotation
Collocative connotation
Truth value
Pragmatics
31. Having more than one meaning (polysemy)
Synchronic
Phonetics
Ambiguity
Archaism
32. Historical - shows how language has changed through time - traces the etymology of words
Pragmatics
Neologism
Suffix
Diachronic
33. The property of the surface structure of the text to 'hold together'
Pragmatics
Cohesion
Derivation
Context
34. 1. Quality or timbre 2. Volume 3. Length 4. Pitch or tone
Four components of sounds
Denotation
Deictics
Phonetics
35. Core meaning - corresponds to a sign's sense or intension - the literal meaning of a word
Context
Flouting
Denotation
Presupposition
36. Deals with the meaning of words - sentences - and texts
Descriptive
Coherence
Semantics
Adjacency Pair
37. One who knows many languages
Blends
Archaism
Sign
Polyglot
38. Deals with how sounds are put together to form words
Passive
Backformation
Morphology
Metaphor
39. 1. Representations 2. Directives 3. Expressives 4. Commissives 5. Declaratives
Cohesion
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Synchronic
Context
40. All aspects of meaning that go beyond the sense of the word - or the literal meaning
Diachronic
Universal Grammar
Connotation
Phoneme
41. What we say in a literal sense (speech act)
Infix
Locutionary Act
Synchronic
Metaphor
42. Shift in meaning (drink a glass of water)
Four processes by which we produce sound
Metonymy
Kernel sentence
Particle hopping
43. An utterance produced by a speaker
Perlocutionary Act
Clipping
Minimal pair
Speech Act
44. The set of sentences that must be true for the sentence to be true
Presupposition
Homonyms
Locutionary Act
Denotation
45. The set of sentences that must be true for the sentence to be true
Three types of articulations
Presupposition
Blends
Blends
46. A transformation in which you add an auxiliary verb and switching to question format
Question
Adjacency Pair
Lexicon
Morphology
47. Deals with the sounds of a language
Maxim of relevance
Transformations
Compounding
Phonetics
48. A transformation in which you add a negation word to the sentence
Negation
Bound morphemes
Acronyms
Individual/Restricted connotation
49. The ability to produce language - what you know
Truth value
Shibboleth
Question
Competence
50. Affix before the root
Language planning
Universal Grammar
Phonetics
Prefix