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Test your basic knowledge |
Linguistics Basics
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Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sequence of sounds that make up a word
Signifier
Recursion
Semantics
Illocutionary Act
2. The object which you can see - touch - hear - or smell
Locutionary Act
Meaning
Referent
Deictics
3. A sentence in context
Utterance
Diachronic
Morpheme
Intonation
4. Morphemes that can appear alone (cat)
Free morphemes
Question
Implicature
Idioms
5. A transformation in which you change the voice of the sentence (Mary stoop up John --> John was stood up by Mary)
Truth value
Passive
Archaism
Three types of articulations
6. Required by syntax - mark grammatical categories (plurality - tense - comparative - etc) suffixes only
Inflectional morpheme
Syntax
Inference
Pragmatics
7. The connection between shape and meaning is arbitrary
Semantics
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Individual/Restricted connotation
Synchronic
8. Invent new words from scratch (Xerox - Kleenex)
Invention
Cohesion
Calque
Inflectional morpheme
9. 1. Representations 2. Directives 3. Expressives 4. Commissives 5. Declaratives
Social connotation
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Archaism
Signified
10. Multiword units - the meaning of which is not the sum of its parts
Shibboleth
Lexicon
Sign
Idioms
11. 1. Quality or timbre 2. Volume 3. Length 4. Pitch or tone
Shibboleth
Perlocutionary Act
Lexicon
Four components of sounds
12. The connection between shape and meaning is arbitrary
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Meaning
Morphology
Individual/Restricted connotation
13. Occurs when words have been disambigued and a sentence has a clear meaning
Borrowing
Maxim of quality
Truth value
Neologism
14. The science that studies language
Linguistics
Metaphor
Signifier
Lexicon
15. The Principle of cooperation that states that one does not say what is false or what you lack evidence for
Inference
Deixis
Suffix
Maxim of quality
16. 1. Airstream 2. Phonation 3. Nasalization 4. Articulation
Locutionary Act
Dative Movement
Clipping
Four processes by which we produce sound
17. Blending two existing words (motel - brunch)
Polyglot
Blends
Derivational morpheme
Recursion
18. Using a word from another language to create a new word (cafe - deja-vu)
Competence
Cohesion
Particle hopping
Borrowing
19. The science that studies language
Particle hopping
Coherence
Linguistics
Utterance
20. A transformation in which you change the voice of the sentence (Mary stoop up John --> John was stood up by Mary)
Pragmatics
Passive
Sign
Denotation
21. Invent new words from scratch (Xerox - Kleenex)
Semantic features
Collocative connotation
Invention
Social connotation
22. One who knows many languages
Ambiguity
Linguistics
Signifier
Polyglot
23. Associations that an individual/small group may develop through everyday experiences (inside joke)
Bound morphemes
Minimal pair
Individual/Restricted connotation
Morphology
24. Affixes - need to attach to another morpheme
Metonymy
Transformations
Bound morphemes
Shibboleth
25. Describing the facts - Tries to determine why people use language the way they do - seeks to find the rules that govern spoken language
Ambiguity
Minimal pair
Bound morphemes
Descriptive
26. The principle of cooperation that requires you be as informative as required but not more than that
Metaphor
Derivational morpheme
Maxim of Quantity
Passive
27. The principle of cooperation that requires relevance
Clipping
Maxim of relevance
Implicature
Connotation
28. Deals with how the sounds are organized
Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
Phonology
Affective connotation
Derivation
29. Putting two old words together to make a new word (railway)
Derivational morpheme
Semantics
Phonetics
Compounding
30. A transformation in which you divide the phrasal verb (Mary stood up John --> Mary stoop John up)
Signified
Sign
Phonology
Particle hopping
31. Aspects of meaning having to do with the linguistic environment in which the expression occurs (cease and desist)
Locutionary Act
Collocative connotation
Locutionary Act
Semantic features
32. Historical - shows how language has changed through time - traces the etymology of words
Transformations
Semantics
Diachronic
Recursion
33. Shortening a longer word (phone - auto) to create new words
Clipping
Prescriptive
Suffix
Minimal pair
34. Parts of a word are translated from other languages to create a new word (Fernsprecher)
Lexicon
Calque
Particle hopping
Invention
35. A transformation in which you add a negation word to the sentence
Minimal pair
Negation
Context
Language planning
36. A new word
Phonetics
Phoneme
Backformation
Neologism
37. A transformation in which you add an auxiliary verb and switching to question format
Four components of sounds
Truth value
Synchronic
Question
38. Affix in the middle of a word
Linguistics
Synchronic
Infix
Three types of articulations
39. Deals with how sentences are formed
Syntax
Shibboleth
Maxim of quality
Archaism
40. Core meaning - corresponds to a sign's sense or intension - the literal meaning of a word
Question
Performance
Denotation
Utterance
41. Aspects of meaning having to do with different levels of formality
Minimal pair
Competence
Social connotation
Semantics
42. Aspects of meaning having to do with feelings or attitudes of speakers (liberal - terrorist)
Affective connotation
Signified
Kernel sentence
Utterance
43. Associations that an individual/small group may develop through everyday experiences (inside joke)
Individual/Restricted connotation
Illocutionary Act
Affective connotation
Semantics
44. Two linked turns by different speakers which make sense only taken together (How are you? Fine. How about you?)
Adjacency Pair
Derivational morpheme
Morpheme
Social connotation
45. Deals with the meaning of words - sentences - and texts
Question
Semantics
Affective connotation
Presupposition
46. What we say in a literal sense (speech act)
Descriptive
Signified
Locutionary Act
Polyglot
47. Aspects of meaning concerning other meanings of an expression that may be activated when irrelevant (cock)
Question
Transformations
Diachronic
Reflected connotation
48. Having more than one meaning (polysemy)
Prescriptive
Ambiguity
Individual/Restricted connotation
Individual/Restricted connotation
49. Noam Chomsky's idea that the principles that govern grammar are genetically programmed in human beings
Categorizations of Speech Acts
Maxim of relevance
Homonyms
Universal Grammar
50. The rise and fall of sentences
Deictics
Speech Act
Truth value
Intonation
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