SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
LSAT Logical Reasoning Clues
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
logic-and-reasoning
,
LSAT
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. assuming a causal relationship on the basis of the sequence of events 2. assuming a causal relationship when only a correlation exists 3. failure to consider an alternate cause for the effect or an alternate cause for both the cause and the effect
Justify the conclusion formula
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
Mistaken cause and effect
Resolve the Paradox question stem features
2. 1. You must accept the stimulus info- even if it contains an error in reasoning-and use it to prove one of the answer choices must be true. 2. Any info in an answer choice that does not appear either directly in the stimulus or as a combination of it
Necessary Condition
Mistaken cause and effect
Rules for Family #2
Rules for Family #1
3. An event or circumstance whose occurrence is required in order for a sufficient condition to occur.
Typical assumption question stems
Words used to introduce a sufficient condition
Necessary Condition
Probability indicators
4. A statement or judgement that follows from one or more reasons. Ask: What is the author driving at? What does the author want me to believe? What point follows from the others?
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
Method of Reasoning questions
Conclusion definition
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
5. Premises + answer choice = conclusion When approaching answers - separate them into winners and losers - then apply the justify formula.
Justify the conclusion formula
Primary Objective #1
How to determine the strength of an argument
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
6. 1. Stimulus will contain an argument. Must isolate and identify and assess the premises and the conclusion. 2. Focus on the conclusion. Almost all correct Weaken answers impact the conclusion. 3. The info in the stimulus is suspect. There are often r
Things to remember in regards to WEAKEN questions
Uncertain use of a term or concept
Primary Objective #1
Premise Indicators
7. 1. An indication that the answer choices should be accepted as true 2. Keywords that indicate your task is to resolve the problem Action: Problem: Resolve Paradox Explain Contradiction Reconcile Discrepancy Conflict Puzzle *Attempt to prephrase Corre
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
Resolve the Paradox question stem features
8. They h ave failed to fully and accurately identify the conclusion of the argument. If a conclusion is present - you MUST identify it prior to proceeding on to the question stem.
Words used to introduce a sufficient condition
What is the biggest reason students miss questions?
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
Straw Man
9. 1. Any 'new' element in the conclusion will appear in the correct answer. 2. Elements that are common to the conclusion and at least one premise normally do not appear in the correct answer. 3. Elements that appear in the premises but not the conclus
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
Primary Objective #9
Numbers and percentage errors
10. 1. new element answers - an answer that describes something that did not occure or describes an element new to the argument cannot be correct 2. Half right - half wrong answers - LSAT makers like to start off with something that happened - then end w
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
Mistaken cause and effect
Strengthen questions ask you to identify the answer choice that best supports the argument. 2 common features
Conclusion definition
11. 1. If conditional statements are linked together in the argument - the correct answer choice for an assumption question will typically supply a missing link in the chain or the contrapositive to that link. 2. If you see a conditional conclusion and t
Primary Objective #5
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
Premise Indicators
Uncertain use of a term or concept
12. Think about the structure of the argument before examining the answer choices. Do not expect to see the exact prephrase - there are too many variations. Make an abstract prephrase then examine each answer to see if it paraphrases the prephrase.n
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
Prephrasing Method of Reasoning questions
Rules for Family #2
False dilemma
13. Takes a small number of intstances and treats those instances as if they support a broad - sweeping conclusion. Often appears as an incorrect answer.n
Primary Objective #3
Exceptional case/over generalization
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
What is the biggest reason students miss questions?
14. 1. The stem uses the word assumption - presupposition or some variation 2. The stem NEVER uses the word 'if' or any other sufficient condition indicator. The stem will likely contain a necessary condition indicator such as required or unless. The cor
Mistaken cause and effect
Internal contradiction AKA self contradiction
Typical assumption question stems
Errors in the use of evidence
15. 1. Appeal to authority - uses the opinion of an authority in an attempt to persuade the reader. The flaw is that the authority may not have relevant knowledge or all of the info regarding the situation - to there may be a difference of opinion among
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
Primary Objective #8
LSAT Definition of 'either/or'
Appeal Fallacies
16. Amount - quantity - sum - total - count - tally.n
Straw Man
Rules for Family #1
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
Assumption Negation Technique
17. 1. The sufficient condition does not make the necessary condition occur. That is - the sufficient condition does not actively cause the necessary condition to happen. 2. Temporally speaking - either condition can occur first - or the two conditions c
Uncertain use of a term or concept
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Weaken question signal words
Primary Objective #5
18. Used to introduce other premises that support the conclusion but are sometimes non-essential to the conclusion furthermore - moreover - besides - in addition - whats more - after all.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
19. Determine whether the stimulus contains an argument or if it is only a set of factual statements. MUST recognize whether a conclusion is present.
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
Conclusion Identification Method
Primary Objective #1
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
20. 1. if you recognize the form of reasoning used in the stimulus (causal - conditional - etc.) immediately attack the answers and search for the answer with similar reasoning (analogy - circular reasoning) 2. The Conclusion - match the conclusions - to
Mistaken Negation
Solving Parallel Reasoning questions in the order stated
Weakening conditional reasoning
the unless equation (conditional reasoning)
21. Carefully read and identify the question stem. DO NOT assume that certain words are automatically associated with certain questions types.
Conclusion Identification Method
Primary Objective #5
Resolve the Paradox question stem features
Family #2: Help
22. Read closely and know precisely what the author said. DO NOT GENERALIZE!.
Things to remember in regards to WEAKEN questions
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
Primary Objective #4
Errors of composition and division
23. An event or circumstance whose occurrence indicates that a necessary condition must also occur.
One of the most commonly used stimulus structures is what? How are they recognized?
Mistaken Negation
Sufficient Condition
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
24. 1. The stem uses the word strengthen or a synonym (support - helps - most justifies) 2. The stem indicates that you should accept the answer choices are true.
Rules for Family #2
Primary Objective #9
Strengthen questions ask you to identify the answer choice that best supports the argument. 2 common features
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
25. Supporter - the traditional linking role - where an assumption connects pieces of the argument. (often new or rogue pieces) They also can close gaps. Ex: All male citizens of athens had the right to vote. Therefore - Socrates had the right to vote in
Solving Parallel Reasoning questions in the order stated
Resolve the Paradox question stem features
Causal statements
2 roles played by assumptions
26. 1. Stem uses the word 'if' or another sufficient indicator 2. Stem uses the phrase 'allows the conclusion to be properly drawn' or 'enables the conclusion to be properly drawn'. 3. Stem does not lessen the degree of justification. Never uses 'most ju
Appeal Fallacies
How to identify Justify the Conclusion questions
Solving Parallel Reasoning questions in the order stated
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
27. Percent - proportion - fraction - ratio - incidence - likelihood - probability - segment - share. n
Errors in the use of evidence
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
Common weakening scenarios
Primary Objective #7
28. Whenever you identify a causal relationship in the conclusion of an LSAT problem - immediately prepare to either weaken or strengthen the argument. Tasks for Weaken questions...must always identify a causal conclusion. Then ask if there relationship
Premise Indicators
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
Causal statements
How to attack a causal conclusion
29. Mistaken negation and reversal exp: taking the non-existence of something as evidence that a necessary precondition for that thing also did not exist' (MN) 'mistakes being sufficient to justify punishment for being required to justify it' (MR)n
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Errors of conditional reasoning
Mistaken cause and effect
Appeal Fallacies
30. Argument Part - If you do see the main conclusion at the end of a Method-AP problem - be prepared to answer a question about a part of the arguement other than the conclusion.n
How to identify Justify the Conclusion questions
Primary Objective #1
Method of Reasoning
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
31. First Family The correct answer choice will be a rephrasing of the main conclusion of the argument. The conclusion is either in the middle or beginning of the stimulus. The correct answer choice must not only be true it also must summarize the author
Mistaken Negation
Main Point Questions
Primary Objective #7
Premise Indicators
32. If - when - whenever - every - all - any - people who - in order to.
Internal contradiction AKA self contradiction
Appeal Fallacies
Words used to introduce a sufficient condition
Premise definition
33. They often feature 2 conclusions (main and sub.) - when the main conclusion is typically place in the first or second sentence and the last sentence contains the sub. conclusion. The sub. conclusion is set off by conclusion indicators while the main
Probability indicators
Incorrect answers in Point at Issue questions
LSAT Conclusion trick for Method AP questions
Exceptional case/over generalization
34. 1. Opposite answers. These answers do the exact opposite of What is needed. 2. Shell game answers. Occurs when an idea or concept is raised in the stimulus and then a very similar idea appears in the answer choices - but the idea is changed just enou
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
Uncertain use of a term or concept
3 incorrect answer traps (weaken)
Errors of composition and division
35. 1. Identify the conclusion - this is what you are trying to strengthen 2. Personalize the argument 3. Look for weaknesses in the argument 4. Arguments that contain analogies or use surveys rely upon the validity of those analogies and surveys. Answer
Family #4: Disprove
Mistaken Reversal
How to strengthen an argument
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
36. Occurs when an author attempts to attack an opponent's position by ignoring the actual statements made by the opposing speaker and instead distorts and refashions the argument - making it weaker in the process. Often prephrased by 'what you're saying
Straw Man
Causal statements
Primary Objective #9
Logical negation
37. Authors misuses info to such a degree that they fail to provide any info to support their conclusion or they provide info that is irrelevant to their conclusion. n
Logical negation
General lack of relevant evidence for the conclusion
Incorrect answers in Point at Issue questions
Primary Objective #5
38. Immediately look for the repeat or contrapositive in the answer choices. Avoid mistaken reversals and mistaken negations.
Necessary Condition
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
Weakening conditional reasoning
39. Always read each of the five answer choices. If an answer choice appears somewhat attractive - interesting or even confusing - keep it as a contender and move to the next answer.
General lack of relevant evidence for the conclusion
Weakening conditional reasoning
Common features of Resolve the Paradox
Primary Objective #7
40. If the stimulus contains an argument - identify the conclusion. If the stimulus contains a fact set - examine each fact.
General lack of relevant evidence for the conclusion
Primary Objective #2
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Mistaken cause and effect
41. This type of flawed argument attacks the person (or source) instead of the argument they advance. because the LSAT is concerned solely with argument forms - a speaker can never validly attack the character or motives or a person; instead - a speaker
Prephrasing Method of Reasoning questions
Source argument AKA ad hominen
LSAT Definition of 'either/or'
Straw Man
42. Prephrase: after reading the question stem - take a moment to mentally formulate your answer to the question stem.
Errors of composition and division
Primary Objective #2
Primary Objective #6
Words used to introduce cause and effect relationships. (memorize)
43. Caused by because of responsible for reason for leads to induced by promoted by determined by produced by product of played a role in was a factor in is an effect of.
Words used to introduce cause and effect relationships. (memorize)
'Additional' Premise Indicators
Common weakening scenarios
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
44. 1. Incomplete info. The author fails to consider all of the possibilities or relies upon evidence that is incomplete. This flaw can be attacked by bringing up new possibilities or info. 2. Improper comparison. The author attempts to compare two or mo
Incorrect answers in Point at Issue questions
Common weakening scenarios
Exceptional case/over generalization
Things to remember in regards to WEAKEN questions
45. Introduce something that actually contains an idea that is counter to the argument. By raising opposition - the author can minimize the damage that would be done by the objection if it were raised elsewhere. but yet - however - on the other hand - ad
Probability indicators
Primary Objective #4
Counter Premise Indicators
Primary Objective #7
46. Refer to the amount or quantity in the relationship. Examples: (do not need to memorize) all - every - most - many - several - sole - only - not all - none - few.
Main Point Questions
Quantity indicators
General lack of relevant evidence for the conclusion
False dilemma
47. Switches the elements in the sufficient and necessary conditions - creating a statement that does not have to be true. Given: A+ --> Study Mistaken Reversal: Study --> A+.
General lack of relevant evidence for the conclusion
Conclusion Identification Method
Mistaken Reversal
How to determine the strength of an argument
48. Stimulus (affected or determined) ---> answer choices (accepted) AKA: Help Family assumption - justify the conclusion - strengthen/support - resolve the paradox.
Method of Reasoning questions
Family #2: Help
How to strengthen an argument
Circular reasoning
49. If all 5 answer choices appear to be 'losers' - return to the stimulus and re-evaluate the argument.
Errors of composition and division
Primary Objective #8
Internal contradiction AKA self contradiction
Primary Objective #9
50. Because - since - for - for example - for the reason that - in that - given that - as indicated by - due to - owing to - this can be seen from - we know this by.
Premise Indicators
Conclusion Indicators
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
Primary Objective #3
Sorry!:) No result found.
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests