SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
LSAT Logical Reasoning Clues
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
logic-and-reasoning
,
LSAT
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the stimulus contains an argument - identify the conclusion. If the stimulus contains a fact set - examine each fact.
Mistaken Reversal
Primary Objective #2
Circular reasoning
Typical assumption question stems
2. The mistake involves assuming that conditions will remain constant over time - and that what was the case in the past will be the case in the future or present. n
Family #2: Help
Prephrasing Method of Reasoning questions
Time shift errors
Weaken question signal words
3. Occurs when an author makes conflicting statements. n
One of the most commonly used stimulus structures is what? How are they recognized?
Internal contradiction AKA self contradiction
Counter Premise Indicators
Central assumption of causal conclusions
4. A statement or judgement that follows from one or more reasons. Ask: What is the author driving at? What does the author want me to believe? What point follows from the others?
Circular reasoning
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
Time shift errors
Conclusion definition
5. Prephrase: after reading the question stem - take a moment to mentally formulate your answer to the question stem.
Probability indicators
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
Primary Objective #6
6. A. Eliminates an alternate cause for the stated effect B. Shows that when the cause occurs - the effect occurs - assumption answers affirm the cause/effect relationship C. Show that when the cause does not occur - the effect doe not occur D. Eliminat
Straw Man
the unless equation (conditional reasoning)
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
7. An event or circumstance whose occurrence is required in order for a sufficient condition to occur.
Circular reasoning
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
Necessary Condition
Errors of conditional reasoning
8. Immediately look for the repeat or contrapositive in the answer choices. Avoid mistaken reversals and mistaken negations.
Family #2: Help
Appeal Fallacies
False dilemma
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
9. 1. The info in the stimulus is suspect. There are often reasoning errors present and depending on the question - you will help shore up the argument in some way. 2. The answer choices are accepted as given - even if they include 'new' info. Your task
Probability indicators
Rules for Family #1
Rules for Family #2
False analogy
10. 1. An indication that the answer choices should be accepted as true 2. Keywords that indicate your task is to resolve the problem Action: Problem: Resolve Paradox Explain Contradiction Reconcile Discrepancy Conflict Puzzle *Attempt to prephrase Corre
Mistaken Negation
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
Resolve the Paradox question stem features
Time shift errors
11. Supporter - the traditional linking role - where an assumption connects pieces of the argument. (often new or rogue pieces) They also can close gaps. Ex: All male citizens of athens had the right to vote. Therefore - Socrates had the right to vote in
Primary Objective #4
2 roles played by assumptions
Uncertain use of a term or concept
3 incorrect answer traps (weaken)
12. 1. The stem uses the word assumption - presupposition or some variation 2. The stem NEVER uses the word 'if' or any other sufficient condition indicator. The stem will likely contain a necessary condition indicator such as required or unless. The cor
Mistaken Reversal
Typical assumption question stems
False analogy
Primary Objective #1
13. This type of flawed argument attacks the person (or source) instead of the argument they advance. because the LSAT is concerned solely with argument forms - a speaker can never validly attack the character or motives or a person; instead - a speaker
Quantity indicators
Conclusion Identification Method
Source argument AKA ad hominen
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
14. Negates both conditions - creating a statement that does not have to be true. Given: A+ --> Study Mistaken Negation: Not A+ --> Not Study
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Mistaken Negation
Primary Objective #4
Causal statements
15. 1. Stimulus will contain an argument. Must isolate and identify and assess the premises and the conclusion. 2. Focus on the conclusion. Almost all correct Weaken answers impact the conclusion. 3. The info in the stimulus is suspect. There are often r
Things to remember in regards to WEAKEN questions
Numbers and percentage errors
LSAT Conclusion trick for Method AP questions
Weaken question signal words
16. 1. Identify the conclusion - this is what you are trying to strengthen 2. Personalize the argument 3. Look for weaknesses in the argument 4. Arguments that contain analogies or use surveys rely upon the validity of those analogies and surveys. Answer
How to strengthen an argument
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
Sufficient Condition
Incorrect answers in Point at Issue questions
17. Allows you to decide between contenders or to confirm that the answer you have chosen is correct. 1. Logically negate the answer choices under consideration. Usually consists of taking a 'not' out of a sentence or putting a 'not' in a sentence. 2. Th
Assumption Negation Technique
Causal statements
How to identify Justify the Conclusion questions
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
18. Then - only - only if - must - required - unless - except - until - without.
Assumption Negation Technique
Words used to introduce a necessary condition
3 incorrect answer traps (weaken)
Mistaken Reversal
19. Switches the elements in the sufficient and necessary conditions - creating a statement that does not have to be true. Given: A+ --> Study Mistaken Reversal: Study --> A+.
How to strengthen an argument
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
Mistaken Reversal
Assumption Negation Technique
20. 1. ethical versus factual situations - when the stimulus addresses something ethical - a factual answer would be incorrect and vice versa 2. dual agreement or dual disagreement - often incorrect answer choices will supply statements that both speaker
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
Incorrect answers in Point at Issue questions
Survey errors
Logical opposites
21. Carefully read and identify the question stem. DO NOT assume that certain words are automatically associated with certain questions types.
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
Primary Objective #5
Family #3: Hurt
Rules for Family #1
22. To raise a viewpoint at the beginning of the stimulus and then disagree with it immediately thereafter. The stimulus often begins with: Some people claim... Some people propose... Many people believe... Some argue that... Some critics claim... Some s
Primary Objective #2
One of the most commonly used stimulus structures is what? How are they recognized?
Family #4: Disprove
Numbers and percentages Common misconceptions
23. 1. Whatever term is modified by 'unless' - 'except' - 'until' or 'without' becomes the necessary condition 2. The remaining term is negated and becomes the sufficient condition.
Conclusion Identification Method
How to determine the strength of an argument
Uncertain use of a term or concept
the unless equation (conditional reasoning)
24. 1. assuming a causal relationship on the basis of the sequence of events 2. assuming a causal relationship when only a correlation exists 3. failure to consider an alternate cause for the effect or an alternate cause for both the cause and the effect
Probability indicators
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
Resolve the Paradox question stem features
Mistaken cause and effect
25. 1. The sufficient condition does not make the necessary condition occur. That is - the sufficient condition does not actively cause the necessary condition to happen. 2. Temporally speaking - either condition can occur first - or the two conditions c
Appeal Fallacies
Mistaken Negation
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Weakening conditional reasoning
26. 1. No conclusion. When a stimulus does not have a conclusion and contains a paradox - expect a Resolve question 2. Language of contradiction exp: but - however - yet - although - paradoxically - surprisingly.
Quantity indicators
How to determine the strength of an argument
2 roles played by assumptions
Common features of Resolve the Paradox
27. 1. You must accept the stimulus info- even if it contains an error in reasoning-and use it to prove one of the answer choices must be true. 2. Any info in an answer choice that does not appear either directly in the stimulus or as a combination of it
Time shift errors
Common features of Resolve the Paradox
Mistaken cause and effect
Rules for Family #1
28. Stimulus (affected or determined)--/-> answer choices (accepted) Negative sign on the arrow reflects attacking or hurting the argument (weaken).
Words used to introduce a sufficient condition
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
Family #3: Hurt
Sufficient Condition
29. 1. The stem uses the word strengthen or a synonym (support - helps - most justifies) 2. The stem indicates that you should accept the answer choices are true.
Family #4: Disprove
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
Strengthen questions ask you to identify the answer choice that best supports the argument. 2 common features
Numbers and percentage errors
30. 1. if you recognize the form of reasoning used in the stimulus (causal - conditional - etc.) immediately attack the answers and search for the answer with similar reasoning (analogy - circular reasoning) 2. The Conclusion - match the conclusions - to
Circular reasoning
2 roles played by assumptions
Solving Parallel Reasoning questions in the order stated
Method of Reasoning
31. They can be in the premises or conclusion. If they are in the conclusion the argument is flawed. Classic mistaken cause and effect reasoning refers to occurences when a causal assertion is made in the conclusion or the conclusion presumes a causal re
Causal statements
Rules for Family #2
Counter Premise Indicators
Mistaken Reversal
32. Think about the structure of the argument before examining the answer choices. Do not expect to see the exact prephrase - there are too many variations. Make an abstract prephrase then examine each answer to see if it paraphrases the prephrase.n
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Mistaken cause and effect
Prephrasing Method of Reasoning questions
Time shift errors
33. Stimulus (accepted) ----> Answer Choices (affected or determined) AKA: must be or prove family must be true - main point - point at issue - method of reasoning - flaw in the reasoning - parallel reasoning.
Family #1: Prove
Numbers and percentage errors
Straw Man
How to determine the strength of an argument
34. If the stimulus contains an argument - determine whether the argument is strong or weak.
Logical opposites
Weakening conditional reasoning
Primary Objective #3
Internal contradiction AKA self contradiction
35. At least on of the two - possibly both.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
36. If all 5 answer choices appear to be 'losers' - return to the stimulus and re-evaluate the argument.
Primary Objective #1
Primary Objective #9
Things to remember in regards to WEAKEN questions
Primary Objective #7
37. Amount - quantity - sum - total - count - tally.n
Conclusion Identification Method
Errors of composition and division
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
Assumption Negation Technique
38. An event or circumstance whose occurrence indicates that a necessary condition must also occur.
Sufficient Condition
Resolve the Paradox question stem features
Common features of Resolve the Paradox
Primary Objective #6
39. Determine whether the stimulus contains an argument or if it is only a set of factual statements. MUST recognize whether a conclusion is present.
Primary Objective #6
General lack of relevant evidence for the conclusion
Words used to introduce a necessary condition
Primary Objective #1
40. 1. Watch for answers starting with the phrase 'at least one' or 'at least some'. When an assumption answer choice starts with one of these phrases it is usually right. But ALWAYS verify with A.N.T. 2. Avoid answers that claim an idea was the most imp
Primary Objective #4
Family #3: Hurt
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
Mistaken Reversal
41. Stimulus (accepted) --/-> answer choices (affected or determined) cannot be true.
Family #4: Disprove
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
Family #3: Hurt
42. 1. The stimulus will almost always contain an argument you must identify - isolate and assess the premises and the conclusion of the argument 2. Focus on the conclusion. Almost all correct answer choices impact the conclusion 3. The info in the stimu
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
Exceptional case/over generalization
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
43. 1. Opposite answers. These answers do the exact opposite of What is needed. 2. Shell game answers. Occurs when an idea or concept is raised in the stimulus and then a very similar idea appears in the answer choices - but the idea is changed just enou
3 incorrect answer traps (weaken)
Strengthen questions ask you to identify the answer choice that best supports the argument. 2 common features
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
Primary Objective #3
44. 1. Any 'new' element in the conclusion will appear in the correct answer. 2. Elements that are common to the conclusion and at least one premise normally do not appear in the correct answer. 3. Elements that appear in the premises but not the conclus
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
Internal contradiction AKA self contradiction
Family #3: Hurt
Mistaken cause and effect
45. Refer to the amount or quantity in the relationship. Examples: (do not need to memorize) all - every - most - many - several - sole - only - not all - none - few.
What is the biggest reason students miss questions?
Appeal Fallacies
Quantity indicators
Logical opposites
46. A fact - proposition or statement from which a conclusion is made. Ask: What reasons has the author used to persuade me? Why should I believe this argument? What evidence exists?
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Typical assumption question stems
Premise definition
False dilemma
47. They often feature 2 conclusions (main and sub.) - when the main conclusion is typically place in the first or second sentence and the last sentence contains the sub. conclusion. The sub. conclusion is set off by conclusion indicators while the main
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
Prephrasing Method of Reasoning questions
LSAT Conclusion trick for Method AP questions
48. 1. Appeal to authority - uses the opinion of an authority in an attempt to persuade the reader. The flaw is that the authority may not have relevant knowledge or all of the info regarding the situation - to there may be a difference of opinion among
Appeal Fallacies
Family #2: Help
Assumption Negation Technique
Logical negation
49. If - when - whenever - every - all - any - people who - in order to.
Mistaken Negation
False dilemma
Words used to introduce a sufficient condition
Common features of Resolve the Paradox
50. 1. Stem uses the word 'if' or another sufficient indicator 2. Stem uses the phrase 'allows the conclusion to be properly drawn' or 'enables the conclusion to be properly drawn'. 3. Stem does not lessen the degree of justification. Never uses 'most ju
Primary Objective #6
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
How to identify Justify the Conclusion questions
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
Sorry!:) No result found.
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests