SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
LSAT Logical Reasoning Clues
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
logic-and-reasoning
,
LSAT
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Read closely and know precisely what the author said. DO NOT GENERALIZE!.
False analogy
Words used to introduce a necessary condition
Primary Objective #4
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
2. 1. Increasing percentages automatically lead to increasing numbers. This is not necessarily true because the overall size of the group could get smaller. 2. Decreasing percentages automatically lead to decreasing numbers 3. Increasing numbers automat
Numbers and percentages Common misconceptions
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
Incorrect answers in Point at Issue questions
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
3. If all 5 answer choices appear to be 'losers' - return to the stimulus and re-evaluate the argument.
the unless equation (conditional reasoning)
Family #2: Help
Primary Objective #9
Rules for Family #2
4. A statement or judgement that follows from one or more reasons. Ask: What is the author driving at? What does the author want me to believe? What point follows from the others?
Premise definition
Family #4: Disprove
General lack of relevant evidence for the conclusion
Conclusion definition
5. Used to introduce other premises that support the conclusion but are sometimes non-essential to the conclusion furthermore - moreover - besides - in addition - whats more - after all.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
6. To weaken a conditional conclusion - attack the necessary condition by showing that the necessary condition does not need to occur in order for the sufficient condition to occur. With a combo of a conditional reasoning stimulus and a weaken question
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
Numbers and percentages Common misconceptions
Family #1: Prove
Weakening conditional reasoning
7. 1. new element answers - an answer that describes something that did not occure or describes an element new to the argument cannot be correct 2. Half right - half wrong answers - LSAT makers like to start off with something that happened - then end w
Primary Objective #8
Mistaken Reversal
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
8. 1. assuming a causal relationship on the basis of the sequence of events 2. assuming a causal relationship when only a correlation exists 3. failure to consider an alternate cause for the effect or an alternate cause for both the cause and the effect
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Mistaken cause and effect
Probability indicators
9. 1. The sufficient condition does not make the necessary condition occur. That is - the sufficient condition does not actively cause the necessary condition to happen. 2. Temporally speaking - either condition can occur first - or the two conditions c
3 logical features of conditional reasoning
Rules for Family #3
Uncertain use of a term or concept
the unless equation (conditional reasoning)
10. 1. The stem uses the word assumption - presupposition or some variation 2. The stem NEVER uses the word 'if' or any other sufficient condition indicator. The stem will likely contain a necessary condition indicator such as required or unless. The cor
Probability indicators
Primary Objective #5
Typical assumption question stems
Errors of composition and division
11. Then - only - only if - must - required - unless - except - until - without.
Words used to introduce a necessary condition
2 roles played by assumptions
Quantity indicators
2 speaker questions
12. 1. Watch for answers starting with the phrase 'at least one' or 'at least some'. When an assumption answer choice starts with one of these phrases it is usually right. But ALWAYS verify with A.N.T. 2. Avoid answers that claim an idea was the most imp
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
Incorrect answers in Point at Issue questions
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
13. A fact - proposition or statement from which a conclusion is made. Ask: What reasons has the author used to persuade me? Why should I believe this argument? What evidence exists?
Logical opposites
Strengthen questions ask you to identify the answer choice that best supports the argument. 2 common features
Weakening conditional reasoning
Premise definition
14. 1. Identify the conclusion - this is what you are trying to strengthen 2. Personalize the argument 3. Look for weaknesses in the argument 4. Arguments that contain analogies or use surveys rely upon the validity of those analogies and surveys. Answer
Premise definition
Conclusion definition
Words used to introduce a necessary condition
How to strengthen an argument
15. The author assumes as true What is supposed to be proved. exp: 'this essay is the best because it is better than all the others'n
Circular reasoning
Primary Objective #5
'Additional' Premise Indicators
Common features of Resolve the Paradox
16. Stimulus (affected or determined)--/-> answer choices (accepted) Negative sign on the arrow reflects attacking or hurting the argument (weaken).
Family #3: Hurt
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
Method of Reasoning
False analogy
17. Allows you to decide between contenders or to confirm that the answer you have chosen is correct. 1. Logically negate the answer choices under consideration. Usually consists of taking a 'not' out of a sentence or putting a 'not' in a sentence. 2. Th
Assumption Negation Technique
Primary Objective #4
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
Mistaken Negation
18. Occurs when an author improperly equates a percentage with a definate quantity or vice versa. n
Numbers and percentage errors
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
What is the biggest reason students miss questions?
Causal statements
19. A. Eliminates an alternate cause for the stated effect B. Shows that when the cause occurs - the effect occurs - assumption answers affirm the cause/effect relationship C. Show that when the cause does not occur - the effect doe not occur D. Eliminat
Justify the conclusion formula
Words used to introduce cause and effect relationships. (memorize)
Solving Parallel Reasoning questions in the order stated
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
20. 1. ethical versus factual situations - when the stimulus addresses something ethical - a factual answer would be incorrect and vice versa 2. dual agreement or dual disagreement - often incorrect answer choices will supply statements that both speaker
Incorrect answers in Point at Issue questions
Rules for Family #2
Mistaken Negation
Premise Indicators
21. First Family The correct answer choice will be a rephrasing of the main conclusion of the argument. The conclusion is either in the middle or beginning of the stimulus. The correct answer choice must not only be true it also must summarize the author
Primary Objective #4
Errors in the use of evidence
Straw Man
Main Point Questions
22. As an argument progresses - the author must use each term in a constant - coherent fashion. using a term in different ways is inherently confusing and undermines the integrity of the argument. n
3 quirks of assumption question answer choices
Conclusion Identification Method
Uncertain use of a term or concept
Rules for Family #3
23. They can be in the premises or conclusion. If they are in the conclusion the argument is flawed. Classic mistaken cause and effect reasoning refers to occurences when a causal assertion is made in the conclusion or the conclusion presumes a causal re
Causal statements
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
Family #3: Hurt
Weaken question signal words
24. Usually have one male and one female. The female uses sound reasoning and the male uses flawed reasoning or makes a mistake. This is not always true - but more often than not.n
2 speaker questions
Primary Objective #7
Premise definition
Errors of composition and division
25. Mis-assessing the force of evidence is a frequent error committed by LSAT authors 1. Lack of evidence for a position is taken to prove that position is false 2. lack of evidence against a position is taken to prove that position is true 3. some evide
False analogy
Errors in the use of evidence
Fact test for Method of Reasoning questions
How to strengthen an argument
26. Immediately look for the repeat or contrapositive in the answer choices. Avoid mistaken reversals and mistaken negations.
Words used to introduce a sufficient condition
Conclusion definition
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
Circular reasoning
27. 1. The info in the stimulus is suspect. There are often reasoning errors present and depending on the question - you will help shore up the argument in some way. 2. The answer choices are accepted as given - even if they include 'new' info. Your task
Typical assumption question stems
Rules for Family #2
Primary Objective #5
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
28. Switches the elements in the sufficient and necessary conditions - creating a statement that does not have to be true. Given: A+ --> Study Mistaken Reversal: Study --> A+.
Mistaken Reversal
Common features of Resolve the Paradox
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
Primary Objective #6
29. Occurs when an author attempts to attack an opponent's position by ignoring the actual statements made by the opposing speaker and instead distorts and refashions the argument - making it weaker in the process. Often prephrased by 'what you're saying
Straw Man
Premise Indicators
Assumptions and causality: typical correct answer categories
Things to remember in regards to WEAKEN questions
30. 1. Appeal to authority - uses the opinion of an authority in an attempt to persuade the reader. The flaw is that the authority may not have relevant knowledge or all of the info regarding the situation - to there may be a difference of opinion among
Appeal Fallacies
Family #1: Prove
Rules for Family #2
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
31. Introduce something that actually contains an idea that is counter to the argument. By raising opposition - the author can minimize the damage that would be done by the objection if it were raised elsewhere. but yet - however - on the other hand - ad
Primary Objective #7
Primary Objective #4
Counter Premise Indicators
Justify the conclusion formula
32. 1. The stem uses the word strengthen or a synonym (support - helps - most justifies) 2. The stem indicates that you should accept the answer choices are true.
Strengthen questions ask you to identify the answer choice that best supports the argument. 2 common features
Survey errors
Circular reasoning
How to strengthen an argument
33. Occurs when the author uses an analogy that is two disimilar to the original situation to be applicable. n
False analogy
What is the biggest reason students miss questions?
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
Primary Objective #4
34. 1. You can use only the info in the stimulus to prove the correct answer choice 2. Any answer choice that describes an element or a situation that does not occur in the stimulus is incorrect Method of Reasoning questions use a variety of formats - bu
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
Method of Reasoning questions
Counter Premise Indicators
Mistaken Negation
35. If - when - whenever - every - all - any - people who - in order to.
Assumption Negation Technique
Conclusion definition
Words used to introduce a sufficient condition
Primary Objective #5
36. 1. The survey uses a biased sample 2. The survey questions are improperly constructed 3. Respondents to the survey give inaccurate responses. People do not always tell the truth when responding to surveys.n
Circular reasoning
Fundamental rules for strengthen - justify the conclusion and assumption questions
Survey errors
False dilemma
37. Involves judgements made about groups and parts of a group. an error or composition occurs when the author attributes a characteristic of part of the group to the group as a whole or to each member of the group Error of division - author attributes c
Errors of composition and division
Primary Objective #7
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
Numbers and percentages Common misconceptions
38. 1. Incomplete info. The author fails to consider all of the possibilities or relies upon evidence that is incomplete. This flaw can be attacked by bringing up new possibilities or info. 2. Improper comparison. The author attempts to compare two or mo
Primary Objective #4
Necessary Condition
Common weakening scenarios
Rules for Family #1
39. If the stimulus contains an argument - determine whether the argument is strong or weak.
Primary Objective #3
Things to remember in regards to WEAKEN questions
Family #1: Prove
Primary Objective #1
40. 1. An indication that the answer choices should be accepted as true 2. Keywords that indicate your task is to resolve the problem Action: Problem: Resolve Paradox Explain Contradiction Reconcile Discrepancy Conflict Puzzle *Attempt to prephrase Corre
How to solve Justify questions mechanistically
Conclusion Identification Method
False dilemma
Resolve the Paradox question stem features
41. 1. Opposite answers. These answers do the exact opposite of What is needed. 2. Shell game answers. Occurs when an idea or concept is raised in the stimulus and then a very similar idea appears in the answer choices - but the idea is changed just enou
Primary Objective #1
3 incorrect answer traps (weaken)
Central assumption of causal conclusions
How to approach causality and strengthen questions?
42. They often feature 2 conclusions (main and sub.) - when the main conclusion is typically place in the first or second sentence and the last sentence contains the sub. conclusion. The sub. conclusion is set off by conclusion indicators while the main
Sufficient Condition
Family #2: Help
2 roles played by assumptions
LSAT Conclusion trick for Method AP questions
43. Argument Part - If you do see the main conclusion at the end of a Method-AP problem - be prepared to answer a question about a part of the arguement other than the conclusion.n
Strengthen questions ask you to identify the answer choice that best supports the argument. 2 common features
Appeal Fallacies
Primary Objective #8
Method of Reasoning
44. An event or circumstance whose occurrence indicates that a necessary condition must also occur.
Sufficient Condition
Rules for Family #1
Common features of Resolve the Paradox
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
45. Amount - quantity - sum - total - count - tally.n
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
Primary Objective #3
What to do when a stimulus that contains conditional reasoning is combined with a must be true question stem
Exceptional case/over generalization
46. 1. Stem uses the word 'if' or another sufficient indicator 2. Stem uses the phrase 'allows the conclusion to be properly drawn' or 'enables the conclusion to be properly drawn'. 3. Stem does not lessen the degree of justification. Never uses 'most ju
How to identify Justify the Conclusion questions
Primary Objective #5
Assumption Negation Technique
Words used to introduce a sufficient condition
47. Mistaken negation and reversal exp: taking the non-existence of something as evidence that a necessary precondition for that thing also did not exist' (MN) 'mistakes being sufficient to justify punishment for being required to justify it' (MR)n
Method of Reasoning
Conclusion Indicators
Errors of conditional reasoning
Words used to introduce numerical ideas
48. Percent - proportion - fraction - ratio - incidence - likelihood - probability - segment - share. n
Words used to introduce percentage ideas
Typical assumption question stems
Incorrect Method of Reasoning answers
One of the most commonly used stimulus structures is what? How are they recognized?
49. If the stimulus contains an argument - identify the conclusion. If the stimulus contains a fact set - examine each fact.
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
Primary Objective #1
How to strengthen an argument
Primary Objective #2
50. To logically negate a conditional statement - negate the necessary condition. Example: neither...nor becomes either...or.
Survey errors
Logical negation
Causal statements
Assumptions and conditionality: the two types of answer choices normally produced are?
Sorry!:) No result found.
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests