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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






2. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






3. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






4. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






5. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...






6. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






7. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






8. The part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon






9. Tissue that connects bone to bone






10. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






11. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






12. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






13. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






14. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr






15. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.






16. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






17. The part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum






18. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






19. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






20. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






21. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






22. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






23. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.






24. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






25. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






26. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






27. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






28. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






29. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






30. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






31. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary






32. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






33. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.






34. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






35. Lacking affinity for water






36. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






37. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






38. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






39. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






40. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






41. The passage to the stomach and lungs






42. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






43. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






44. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






45. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






46. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.






47. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems






48. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






49. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types






50. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules