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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






2. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






3. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






4. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl






5. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






6. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






7. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






8. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






9. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






10. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






11. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






12. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






13. Found in the cytosol and contains - microfilaments - microtubules - and intermediate fibers. Gives the cell its shape and and anchor organelles. Functions in intracellular transport.






14. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






15. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart






16. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






17. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






18. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






19. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






20. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






21. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






22. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






23. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.






24. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.






25. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






26. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






27. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and






28. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone






29. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






30. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






31. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






32. Finger - like projections that increase the surface area and increase absorption






33. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






34. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp






35. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.






36. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






37. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






38. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






39. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






40. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...






41. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA






42. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.






43. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






44. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






45. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






46. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






47. Water passively moves out - esp - in hypertonic medulla. Deeper more hypertonic=more H2O absorbed by kidney.






48. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






49. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






50. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates