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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.






2. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






3. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






4. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






5. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






6. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






7. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






8. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






9. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






10. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






11. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






12. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






13. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin






14. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






15. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






16. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






17. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






18. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






19. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






20. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






21. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






22. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






23. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






24. A vessel in Which blood circulates






25. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






26. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






27. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






28. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






29. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






30. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules






31. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint






32. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body






33. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






34. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






35. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






36. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






37. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






38. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






39. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






40. An antibody that is involved in hypersensitivity and allergies. For some reason the body makes this antibody instead of IgG/A






41. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






42. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






43. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






44. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.






45. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






46. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






47. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus






48. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






49. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






50. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.