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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






2. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






3. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.






4. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.






5. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






6. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






7. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






8. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






9. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






10. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






11. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






12. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






13. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






14. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






15. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






16. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes






17. Immunoglobulin. Less than 3%. Found only as a receptor on B cell membrane - Doesn't allow antigens to get into the body - Not secreted - stays attached to B cell






18. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






19. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






20. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.






21. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






22. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






23. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






24. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






25. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses






26. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla






27. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






28. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.






29. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






30. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






31. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






32. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






33. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






34. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






35. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






36. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






37. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






38. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






39. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






40. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






41. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function






42. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






43. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






44. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






45. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






46. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






47. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






48. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation






49. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






50. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin