Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An antibody that is involved in hypersensitivity and allergies. For some reason the body makes this antibody instead of IgG/A






2. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






3. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell






4. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






5. Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings - DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.






6. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






7. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






8. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






9. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






10. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






11. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication






12. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.






13. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






14. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






15. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






16. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






17. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






18. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






19. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






20. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






21. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






22. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






23. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






24. A vessel in Which blood circulates






25. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






26. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






27. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






28. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






29. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






30. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






31. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor






32. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






33. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






34. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






35. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






36. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






37. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






38. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






39. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






40. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






41. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






42. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






43. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






44. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






45. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






46. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






47. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






48. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






49. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






50. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi