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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.






2. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






3. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






4. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






5. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine






6. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






7. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






8. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






9. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






10. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






11. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






12. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






13. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






14. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






15. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






16. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






17. (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities






18. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.






19. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






20. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






21. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






22. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






23. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






24. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






25. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






26. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






27. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses






28. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






29. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






30. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






31. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






32. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






33. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






34. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






35. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






36. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion






37. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






38. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






39. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced






40. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






41. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






42. A vessel in Which blood circulates






43. Bone forming cells






44. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






45. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.






46. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






47. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






48. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






49. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






50. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients