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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






2. An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection






3. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






4. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






5. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






6. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






7. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






8. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






9. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






10. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






11. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






12. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






13. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






14. Form gametes which combine to form zygotes that develope into more sporozoites






15. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






16. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






17. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






18. An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) tha reducs surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together - thus reducing the effort re






19. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






20. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






21. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






22. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






23. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






24. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






25. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






26. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






27. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






28. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






29. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.






30. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






31. Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored






32. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






33. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






34. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts






35. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell






36. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






37. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






38. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






39. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






40. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






41. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.






42. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells






43. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia






44. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).






45. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints






46. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






47. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - an acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






48. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






49. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






50. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce