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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






2. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






3. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






4. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






5. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






6. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






7. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






8. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






9. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






10. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






11. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






12. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






13. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






14. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






15. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






16. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






17. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed






18. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






19. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






20. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






21. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






22. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






23. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.






24. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






25. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






26. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






27. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






28. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






29. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






30. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






31. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






32. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






33. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






34. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






35. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






36. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






37. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






38. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.






39. Bean - shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation






40. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






41. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






42. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






43. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






44. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






45. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






46. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin






47. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






48. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






49. The cluster of cells inside the blastocyst that eventually develops into the embryo and some of the membranes that surround a mammalian embryo and fetus.






50. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next







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