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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






2. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.






3. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






4. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






5. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






6. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






7. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






8. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






9. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






10. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






11. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus






12. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






13. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






14. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






15. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






16. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






17. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






18. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






19. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






20. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






21. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone






22. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).






23. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






24. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






25. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






26. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






27. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






28. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses






29. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






30. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






31. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






32. Any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney - functional unit of the kidney






33. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle






34. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






35. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






36. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr






37. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






38. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






39. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






40. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract






41. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






42. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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43. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






44. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






45. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell






46. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






47. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






48. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






49. A form of external male pseudohermaphroditism - characterized by the lack of androgen receptors in the external genitalia: these individuals have testes - but the body and the external genitalia are female. They typically have a rudimentary vagina -






50. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce