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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






2. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






3. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






4. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






5. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication






6. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






7. Organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop






8. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






9. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






10. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






11. Found in the cytosol and contains - microfilaments - microtubules - and intermediate fibers. Gives the cell its shape and and anchor organelles. Functions in intracellular transport.






12. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






13. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






14. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.






15. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






16. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






17. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






18. The external pouch that contains the testes






19. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






20. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






21. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine






22. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






23. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His






24. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






25. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






26. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






27. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






28. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






29. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum






30. Aid in expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity (internal intercostal muscles originate in the inferior rib and insert on the superior rib)






31. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly






32. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






33. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






34. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






35. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






36. Development of the nervous system






37. The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery






38. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






39. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






40. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






41. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart






42. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






43. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






44. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.






45. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles






46. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






47. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus






48. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






49. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






50. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.