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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






2. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






3. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






4. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






5. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






6. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






7. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






8. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






9. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






10. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






11. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






12. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






13. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






14. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






15. Dynamic - temporary array of microtubules that moves chromosomes in precise directions during mitosis or meiosis.






16. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






17. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






18. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






19. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






20. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation






21. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






22. Development of the nervous system






23. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






24. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






25. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate






26. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.






27. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






28. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






29. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






30. Located in the centrosome area - and are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.






31. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






32. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






33. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






34. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






35. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






36. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.






37. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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38. Joint that allows range of movement






39. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






40. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers






41. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






42. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric






43. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






44. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl






45. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






46. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






47. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






48. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






49. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






50. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland