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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
metabolism
cyanobacteria
osteons
blastopore
2. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
jejunum
spirometer
passive diffusion
G1 phase
3. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus
neurotransmitters
Phospholipid bilayer
extensor muscle
PTH
4. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
corticosteroids
ligaments
Denaturation
plasmids
5. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient
trachea
simple diffusion
determinate cleavage
metaphase I
6. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.
Proline
Lysosomes
spermatogonia
plasma
7. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
Unsaturated fatty acid
microvilli
exocrine glands
small intestine
8. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters
nerve terminal
nephron
zymogen
Haploid cell
9. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
cristae
stratum basalis
protostomes
ctive site
10. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo
monozygotic twins
ovaries
micelles
cecum
11. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
PNS
myogenic activity
spindle apparatus
cytochrome oxidase
12. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory
cortisol
chiasmata
angiotensin II
seminal fluid
13. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.
hypophyseal portal system
interferons
vasa recta
mitochondria
14. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce
lactic acid fermentation
catabolism
all or none response
plasma cell
15. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles
cytochromes
anaphase
BNP
asters
16. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
amylose
Proline
allosteric effector
Eukaryotes
17. Bone forming cells
testicular feminization
bone remodeling
pancreas
osteoblasts
18. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
adductor
ACTH
bases
endoplasmic reticulum
19. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.
hypophyseal portal system
polar body
cortisol
descending limb
20. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone
calcitonin
tetrad
immunoglobulin
chyme
21. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).
immune cells
negative pressure breathing
metaphase
antigen binding site
22. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
clot
Secondary structure
lacteals
abductor
23. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract
placenta
total lung capacity
purkinje fibers
metaphase II
24. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
chemical digestion
blastulation
relaxation period
parietal cells
25. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
determinate cleavage
trypsinogen
beta cells
I band
26. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell
Fatty acids
mesoderm
flagella
anaphase II
27. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
urethra
coronary sinus
granular leukocytes
thalamus
28. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.
cretinism
secondary response
hypoglycemia
mitral valve
29. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell
endochondral ossification
NADH
semiautonomous
platelets
30. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
stratum granulosum
facilitated diffusion
simple diffusion
androgens
31. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons
mitral valve
creatine phosphate
synaptic bouton
bases
32. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.
thromboplastin
epididymus
Eicosanoid
phagocytosis
33. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.
amylopectin
prothrombin
telophase II
LH
34. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
Solvation
interstitial cells
diaphysis
dense connective tissue
35. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells
cytochromes
Lysosomes
protostomes
follicular phase
36. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
creatine phosphate
bile
neurulation
angiotensin
37. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
reticular layer
Connective tissue
riacylglycerols
hypertonic
38. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
NADH
crossing over
somatic cell
tertiary structure
39. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum
Golgi apparatus
Receptors
expiratory reserve volume
pyloric sphincter
40. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy
articular cavity
diastole
clot
mineralcorticoids
41. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
melanin
peptidases
Nucleotide
hypodermis
42. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
alpha helix
pituitary gland
proximal end
angiotensin
43. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance
gluconeogenesis
electrolytes
cell division
calcitonin
44. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber
interstitial cells
z lines
myosin
epiphyses
45. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.
tendons
proximal end
somatic cell
heart rate
46. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.
hypophyseal portal system
pyloric sphincter
activation energy
buffers
47. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder
antigen binding site
chondrocytes
proximal end
passive diffusion
48. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue
ACTH
seminal fluid
variable regions
bone resorption
49. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate
chaperones
tonus
inferior vena cava
monocytes
50. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone
ADH
skeletal muscle
erythrocytes
cancellous bone