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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






2. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






3. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






4. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






5. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






6. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






7. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






8. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules






9. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract






10. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






11. Generalized edema with accumulation of serum in subcutaneous connective tissue






12. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.






13. Dynamic - temporary array of microtubules that moves chromosomes in precise directions during mitosis or meiosis.






14. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein






15. Specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids






16. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






17. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






18. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






19. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






20. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.






21. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






22. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






23. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






24. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






25. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood






26. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






27. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






28. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






29. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






30. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






31. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






32. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






33. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






34. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






35. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






36. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






37. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus






38. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






39. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






40. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






41. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






42. Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored






43. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






44. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






45. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






46. The protective skin pigment responsible for the tan - brown - or black color of human skin; produced in abundance upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation






47. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






48. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






49. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






50. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea