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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






2. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.






3. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






4. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






5. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.






6. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






7. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






8. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






9. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






10. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






11. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






12. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






13. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






14. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






15. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct






16. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).






17. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions






18. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






19. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






20. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






21. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






22. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






23. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






24. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses






25. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






26. Clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into the reproductive tract - where it can be fertilized






27. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






28. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






29. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






30. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






31. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






32. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






33. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






34. The cluster of cells inside the blastocyst that eventually develops into the embryo and some of the membranes that surround a mammalian embryo and fetus.






35. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






36. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






37. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.






38. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






39. The external pouch that contains the testes






40. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin






41. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






42. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






43. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






44. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






45. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






46. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






47. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types






48. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






49. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






50. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).







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