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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






2. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






3. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






4. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.






5. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






6. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






7. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






8. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






9. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced






10. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






11. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






12. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.






13. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.






14. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






15. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P






16. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






17. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






18. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






19. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






20. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






21. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






22. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.






23. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






24. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






25. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






26. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone






27. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System






28. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






29. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






30. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






31. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






32. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






33. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.






34. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






35. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






36. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






37. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






38. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






39. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






40. Hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells






41. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






42. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






43. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






44. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






45. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






46. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






47. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






48. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






49. The bonds between the phosphate groups






50. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells







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