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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations
basophils
ACTH
pancreas
budding
2. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons
chemiosmosis
synapse
sucrase
skeletal muscle
3. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
ascending colon
alpha helix
cretinism
NADH
4. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
oxidation
intermembrane space
bile
electron transfer
5. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
cell division
hyperglycemia
Michaelis constant
lipoprotein
6. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.
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7. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends
Cell membrane
stratum basalis
vasa recta
extracellular digestion
8. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.
neurulation
cleavage
snRNP
inner cell mass
9. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.
adrenal glands
umbilical vein
allantois
transcription
10. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
binary fission
carbohydrate
PGAL
atoms
11. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy
microbodies
GnRH
portal systems
calvin cycle
12. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts
microfilaments
immune system
Eicosanoid
spongy bone
13. Organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop
uterus
universal recipient
sarcoplasm
lungs
14. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.
homologous chromosomes
ACTH
lymph capillaries
vital capacity
15. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
seminal vesicles
meiosis
papillary layer
chemiosmosis
16. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
parathyroid glands
synapsis
sister chromatids
stroke volume
17. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.
induced fit model
cortisol
epithelial tissue
red fibers
18. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
primary spermatocytes
mucosa
tropomyosin
universal recipient
19. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
tubulins
DNA polymerase
gastrula
stratum basalis
20. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
kinase
acrosomal process
hypothyroidism
ureter
21. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells
immune response
neurotransmitters
plasma cell
cytochromes
22. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.
DNA polymerase
hypothyroidism
Bacteria
Hcg
23. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.
heterotrophic
Glycosylation
fibrinogen
PGAL
24. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.
PKU
fibrin
amylose
cristae
25. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.
suppressor T cells
alpha amino acid
spermatogenesis
visceral pleura
26. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range
cilia
Proline
thermoregulation
haversian systems
27. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)
somatostatin
restriction point
monocytes
endoskeleton
28. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together
HRH
blood vessel
immovable joints
primary oocytes
29. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.
bacteriophage
insulin
umbilical arteries
GnRH
30. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
chemiosmosis
Glucose
hypoglycemia
S phase
31. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.
LH
Steroids
lymph nodes
lipases
32. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
insulin
lacteals
blastocoel
amino acids
33. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile
FADH
Secondary structure
CCK
abductor
34. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
bone remodeling
diastole
hypertonic
hyperglycemia
35. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next
bases
first messengers
synaptic cleft
pyruvate decarboxylation
36. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
relaxation period
autolysis
primary response
proton gradient
37. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints
articular cartilage
interferons
prophase I
smooth muscle
38. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.
esophagus
atrioventricular node
synergistic muscle
receptor mediated endocytosis
39. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.
enzyme specificity
telopahse
tetanus
gastric glands
40. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.
atria
purkinje fibers
IgM
Hydrophobic
41. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
intermediate filaments
blastocyst
budding
trypsinogen
42. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate
Solvation
chaperones
centrisomes
chymotrypsinogen
43. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
alveoli
mucosa
ascending colon
hypertonic
44. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
feedback inhibition
distal convoluted tubule
complementary pairing
S phase
45. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine
neuromuscular junction
hydrostatic pressure
Active immunity
chaperones
46. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly
deamination
renin angiotensin system
alpha amino acid
negative pressure breathing
47. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
Unsaturated fatty acid
alpha amino acid
bone resorption
HCl
48. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber
latent period
extracellular digestion
adrenal glands
mitochondrial matrix
49. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients
Glycosylation
canliculi
small intestine
second messenger
50. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types
epithelial tissue
blastopore
composite cell
periosteum