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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water






2. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






3. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






4. The passage to the stomach and lungs






5. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.






6. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






7. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






8. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein






9. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






10. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.






11. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






12. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






13. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






14. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.






15. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






16. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






17. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






18. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses






19. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






20. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






21. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






22. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






23. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






24. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.






25. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate






26. When the chromosomes replicate






27. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






28. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing






29. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






30. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






31. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






32. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.






33. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






34. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






35. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






36. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






37. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






38. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts






39. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






40. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






41. The bonds between the phosphate groups






42. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






43. Development of the nervous system






44. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






45. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






46. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System






47. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






48. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






49. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






50. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.







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