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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






2. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






3. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






4. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






5. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






6. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc






7. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla






8. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






9. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






10. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






11. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






12. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






13. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






14. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






15. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






16. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






17. The bonds between the phosphate groups






18. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






19. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






20. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium






21. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






22. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






23. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






24. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






25. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






26. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






27. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






28. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






29. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an






30. The layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles






31. The part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum






32. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






33. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body






34. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






35. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






36. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f






37. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






38. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






39. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






40. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






41. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






42. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






43. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules






44. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






45. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






46. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






47. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P






48. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






49. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






50. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi