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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.
allosteric modulator
receptor mediated endocytosis
vulva
norepinephrine
2. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
prophase
archenteron
stratum lucidum
prophase I
3. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.
acid
microbodies
PGAL
cotransport
4. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone
Rh factor
haversian systems
emulsification
high energy bonds
5. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously
chaperonins
archenteron
translation
external nares
6. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.
sarcomeres
collagenous fibers
end product inhibition
desmosomes
7. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
synapse
crossing over
trypsinogen
anaphase
8. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
kinase
translation
IgD
Passive immunity
9. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed
B cell
reduction
Cell membrane
subatomic particle
10. Form gametes which combine to form zygotes that develope into more sporozoites
universal recipient
gametocytes
torpor
haversian canal
11. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per
secondary response
endochondral ossification
neural crest
immune response
12. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.
PNS
maltase
neural crest
H band
13. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.
surfactant
tRNA
basement membrane
yolk sac
14. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption
cretinism
delta cells
memory cell
light chains
15. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.
testes
inflammatory response
osteoblasts
bone matrix
16. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
gap junction
ascending limb
prophase I
Dehydration synthesis
17. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
gestation
thymosin
desmosomes
synaptic bouton
18. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.
mRNA
sinoatrial node
snRNP
diaphysis
19. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.
transverse tubules
enterokinase
bowmans capsule
dizygotic twins
20. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
riacylglycerols
sympathetic nervous system
thoracic cavity
hemophilia
21. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
glycolytic pathway
hypodermis
spongy bone
threshold value
22. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue
cytochrome oxidase
PTH
high energy bonds
papillary layer
23. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract
diaphysis
clot
endoderm
end product inhibition
24. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind
ADH
antibody
second messenger
cell mediated immunity
25. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
intracellular digestion
HCl
relative refractory period
chiasmata
26. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment
ubiquinone
neutrophils
substrate
reabsorption
27. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.
loop of henle
stratum lucidum
sucrase
glyoxysomes
28. Secreted by the anterior pituitary. It is a general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size. It affects many tissues of the body; however its major effects are on the growth of muscle and the long bones of the body.
GH
absolute refractory period
phophodiesterase
sinoatrial node
29. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules
macrophages
ligaments
caveolae
mucous cells
30. The part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum
relative refractory period
duodenum
pyloric glands
passive diffusion
31. Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings - DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.
fermentation
dizygotic twins
thrombin
hydrogen bond
32. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream
bulbourethral gland
simple diffusion
cotransport
ed blood cells
33. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
purkinje fibers
PTH
Glucose
hypothyroidism
34. Joint that allows range of movement
Fatty acids
Chylomicrons
renal vein
movable joints
35. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters
memory cell
chylomicrons
nerve terminal
Connective tissue
36. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.
cAMP
cytokinesis
determinate cleavage
antigen
37. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re
sarcomeres
amphipathic
Steroids
cell mediated immunity
38. Organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop
carboxypeptidase
apoenzyme
ANS
uterus
39. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize
blood vessel
Eukaryotes
hemoglobin
hypertonic
40. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.
anasarca
compact bone
coenzymes
epithelial tissue
41. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.
proenzyme
epithelial tissue
Glycosylation
Fatty acids
42. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone
osteoporosis
excretion
calcitonin
exocrine glands
43. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction
renin angiotensin system
microfilaments
mitral valve
anterior pituitary
44. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
Terpene
releasing hormones
polar body
passive diffusion
45. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart
pancreas
foramen ovale
Bacteria
seminal vesicles
46. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine
ascending limb
prostaglandins
Interphase
Hcg
47. Tissue that connects bone to bone
chymotrypsinogen
vaginal canal
renin
ligaments
48. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA
proximal end
cancellous bone
melanocyte
dsRNA
49. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins
synaptic bouton
circadian rythms
semilunar valve
blood vessel
50. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen
white fibers
Hcg
inhibiting hormones
gall bladder