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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations






2. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






3. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






4. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






5. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






6. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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7. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






8. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






9. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






10. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






11. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






12. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






13. Organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop






14. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.






15. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






16. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction






17. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






18. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






19. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






20. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






21. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






22. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






23. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.






24. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






25. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.






26. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






27. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)






28. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together






29. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






30. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






31. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.






32. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






33. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






34. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






35. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






36. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






37. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints






38. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






39. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






40. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






41. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






42. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






43. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






44. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






45. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






46. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly






47. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






48. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






49. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






50. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types