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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






2. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






3. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






4. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






5. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium






6. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.






7. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






8. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






9. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






10. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults






11. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






12. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.






13. A form of external male pseudohermaphroditism - characterized by the lack of androgen receptors in the external genitalia: these individuals have testes - but the body and the external genitalia are female. They typically have a rudimentary vagina -






14. Attracts a solute molecule to a binding site






15. Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function






16. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation






17. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






18. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






19. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






20. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






21. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






22. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.






23. Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone released from hypothalamus via hypophyseal porthole stimulates somatotropins in anterior pituitary to release GH






24. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.






25. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






26. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






27. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






28. Joint that allows range of movement






29. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






30. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






31. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






32. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended






33. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






34. The influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells






35. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






36. Bone forming cells






37. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl






38. The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.






39. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






40. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






41. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






42. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






43. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






44. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






45. Tissue that connects muscle to bone






46. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak






47. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






48. The part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon






49. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






50. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.