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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






2. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity






3. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






4. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






5. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle






6. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






7. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






8. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






9. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






10. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






11. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






12. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






13. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






14. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






15. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






16. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






17. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules






18. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






19. Generalized edema with accumulation of serum in subcutaneous connective tissue






20. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.






21. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium






22. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






23. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






24. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






25. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix






26. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






27. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






28. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






29. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






30. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






31. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






32. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged






33. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






34. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f






35. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






36. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






37. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






38. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis






39. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






40. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy






41. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






42. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






43. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood






44. The larger of the two component polypeptides of an immunoglobulin molecule. Heavy chains come in a variety of heavy- chain classes or isotypes - each of which confers a distinctive effector function on the antibody molecule.






45. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






46. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






47. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






48. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






49. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






50. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.