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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






2. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






3. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






4. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






5. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






6. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






7. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






8. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.






9. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






10. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus






11. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






12. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






13. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






14. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






15. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






16. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






17. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






18. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






19. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.






20. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






21. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






22. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions






23. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






24. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






25. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.






26. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






27. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






28. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






29. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






30. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






31. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






32. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






33. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






34. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






35. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






36. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






37. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






38. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






39. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






40. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






41. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






42. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






43. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






44. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone






45. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






46. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






47. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta






48. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






49. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






50. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.