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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






2. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






3. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus






4. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






5. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.






6. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






7. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






8. Receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart






9. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






10. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






11. Body cell; no egg or sperm






12. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






13. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






14. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






15. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






16. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






17. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






18. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






19. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.






20. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






21. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






22. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






23. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.






24. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






25. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






26. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.






27. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






28. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.






29. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






30. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






31. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






32. A muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)






33. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis






34. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out






35. Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; stroke volume x heart rate






36. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






37. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






38. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






39. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






40. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






41. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






42. Found in the cytosol and contains - microfilaments - microtubules - and intermediate fibers. Gives the cell its shape and and anchor organelles. Functions in intracellular transport.






43. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






44. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th






45. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






46. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






47. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






48. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






49. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






50. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance