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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neuroepithelial edges of the neural groove - the apical edges of which meet in the midline to close the neural tube






2. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






3. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






4. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






5. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.






6. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






7. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






8. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






9. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






10. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.






11. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone






12. Body cell; no egg or sperm






13. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






14. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






15. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.






16. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation






17. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation






18. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






19. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






20. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






21. When the chromosomes replicate






22. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






23. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






24. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis






25. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.






26. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






27. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended






28. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






29. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






30. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.






31. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






32. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction






33. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell






34. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






35. Carries blood from the internal Jugular to the right side of the heart






36. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and






37. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






38. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






39. Stimulate production of platelets






40. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






41. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function






42. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






43. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






44. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






45. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously






46. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






47. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.






48. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






49. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






50. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen