Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






2. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






3. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






4. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






5. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






6. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






7. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






8. Development of the nervous system






9. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






10. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






11. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






12. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






13. Stimulate production of platelets






14. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






15. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.






16. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






17. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






18. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






19. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






20. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






21. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






22. Condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia - tachycardia - goiter - and tumor






23. 1) is the 2nd and deepest layer of the dermis. 2) Compose of Dense Irregular CT. 3) Contains interlacing Collagen and Elastic Fibers. 4) Is packed with oil glands - sweat gland ducts - fat - and hair follicles. 5) It provides strength - extensibility






24. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






25. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






26. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






27. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






28. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






29. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.






30. Any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney - functional unit of the kidney






31. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






32. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






33. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






34. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






35. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






36. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






37. The period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division - typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions






38. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






39. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).






40. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






41. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






42. Joint that allows range of movement






43. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






44. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






45. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the






46. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






47. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






48. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






49. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.






50. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium