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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






2. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






3. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






4. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






5. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults






6. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






7. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






8. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






9. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.






10. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.






11. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






12. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland






13. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






14. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






15. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing






16. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






17. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles






18. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)






19. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.






20. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






21. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






22. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






23. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






24. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






25. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






26. The maximum pressure that could develop in a solution when it is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane






27. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






28. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






29. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






30. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






31. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors






32. The larger of the two component polypeptides of an immunoglobulin molecule. Heavy chains come in a variety of heavy- chain classes or isotypes - each of which confers a distinctive effector function on the antibody molecule.






33. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






34. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles






35. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






36. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






37. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine






38. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.






39. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






40. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






41. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






42. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






43. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






44. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






45. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






46. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






47. An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection






48. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.






49. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






50. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm