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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






2. The passage to the stomach and lungs






3. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






4. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing






5. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






6. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






7. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






8. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






9. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells






10. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the






11. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






12. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






13. Tissue that connects muscle to bone






14. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






15. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






16. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






17. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






18. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






20. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






21. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta






22. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract






23. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






24. The cluster of cells inside the blastocyst that eventually develops into the embryo and some of the membranes that surround a mammalian embryo and fetus.






25. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






26. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






27. Joint that allows range of movement






28. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






29. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






30. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.






31. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






32. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






33. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






34. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






35. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication






36. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






37. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak






38. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.






39. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






40. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






41. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






42. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions






43. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






44. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






45. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






46. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity






47. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.






48. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






49. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production






50. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster







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