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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.
BNP
disulfide linkages
Protein
blastula
2. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver
hypothyroidism
metaphase
ductus venosus
epiphyseal plate
3. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only
homeotherm
prokaryotes
autosomal cell
helper T cells
4. Body cell; no egg or sperm
autosomal cell
Lipids
receptor mediated endocytosis
A band
5. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen
signal transduction
hydrogen bond
gastrin
cytochrome oxidase
6. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.
granular leukocytes
secondary spermatocytes
dialysis
systole
7. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase
exon
chief cells
prothrombin
melanocyte
8. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next
enzyme specificity
addison's disease
cell division
synaptic cleft
9. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
Saturated fatty acids
Muscle Tissue
seminal fluid
chaperonins
10. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction
microtubule
enzyme specificity
electron transfer
thalamus
11. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
pancreas
centrioles
antigen
gestation
12. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.
seminiferous tubules
neuromuscular junction
capsid
Phospholipid bilayer
13. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals
Meiosis II
allosteric effector
ptyalin
bone matrix
14. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.
archenteron
immune cells
dsRNA
mesoderm
15. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
haversian systems
stratum corneum
reduction
beta cells
16. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.
Nucleotide
cecum
cortical sex hormones
posterior pituitary
17. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.
thyroid gland
secondary response
motor neuron
sarcoplasmic reticulum
18. Carries blood from the internal Jugular to the right side of the heart
supierior vena cava
Binary fission
thyroid gland
hypercapnia
19. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine
LH
allantois
parathyroid glands
ascending limb
20. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
melanocyte
Prostaglandins
capsid
S phase
21. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions
vas deferens
IgE
pyruvate decarboxylation
homoeostasis
22. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.
proteasomes
hromosome replication
receptor mediated endocytosis
prosthetic group
23. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
helper T cells
T cells
intracellular digestion
nonspecific defense mechanism
24. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.
neural tube
parathyroid glands
induced fit model
systole
25. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.
luteal phase
nucleotides
Eukaryotes
lock and key theory
26. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate
chaperones
placenta
supierior vena cava
synaptic bouton
27. Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glyco
cytoskeleton
insulin
contraction period
filtration
28. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
spongy bone
rRNA
glucocorticoids
CNS
29. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta
morula
synaptic cleft
ductus arteriosus
atrial natriuretic hormone
30. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down
suppressor T cells
expiratory reserve volume
endoderm
LH
31. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones
releasing hormones
seminal fluid
prostaglandins
renin
32. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.
total lung capacity
bohr effect
protostomes
rRNA
33. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products
T cells
foramen ovale
polar body
decomposition reaction
34. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.
microbodies
allosteric modulator
proenzyme
calvin cycle
35. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
vital capacity
heart rate
peristalsis
bundle of his
36. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach
esophagus
mitochondria
FMN
TRH
37. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta
ctive site
substrate level phosphorylation
amino acid derived hormones
tonus
38. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.
epiphyses
alpha amino acid
proton motive force
luteal phase
39. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants
noncompetitive inhibition
corona radiata
atoms
autotrophic
40. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
gastrula
chemoreceptors
pituitary gland
binary fission
41. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
composite cell
FMN
ectoderm
anaphase I
42. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs
parthogenesis
induction
carboxyhemoglobin
umbilical chord
43. A muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)
autonomic nervous system
lymphocytes
smooth muscle
inhibiting hormones
44. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
transcription
centrisomes
glycolysis
pyrophosphate
45. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.
medulla oblongata
skeletal muscle
centrioles
exocrine glands
46. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
testes
spongy bone
parietal pleura
synapsis
47. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
descending limb
fetus
endocrine glands
centrioles
48. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle
homeotherm
osteoclasts
restriction point
collagenous fibers
49. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA
immune system
secondary active transport
snRNP
spermatids
50. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System
atrioventricular valves
cell adhesion proteins
canliculi
glyoxysomes