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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System






2. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






3. Neuroepithelial edges of the neural groove - the apical edges of which meet in the midline to close the neural tube






4. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






5. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






6. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






7. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






8. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






9. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.






10. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






11. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






12. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






13. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






14. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






15. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






16. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






17. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






18. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






19. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract






20. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






21. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






22. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






23. Condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia - tachycardia - goiter - and tumor






24. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






25. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






26. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak






27. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






28. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.






29. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






30. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins






31. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged






32. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






33. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






34. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






35. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).






36. Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. Partly charged






37. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






38. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).






39. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus






40. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion






41. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






42. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






43. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






44. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






45. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.






46. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






47. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






48. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






49. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state






50. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.