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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
lymphatic system
noncompetitive inhibition
renal vein
articular cartilage
2. Bone forming cells
cortisone
Saturated fatty acids
osteoblasts
ETS
3. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.
globular protein
lactic acid fermentation
testosterone
morula
4. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.
Hydrogen Bond
telophase I
sarcomeres
allosteric enzyme
5. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases
TSH
A band
pancreatic juice
aldosterone
6. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium
luteal phase
gametocytes
coronary sinus
lactic acid fermentation
7. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues
pancreas
umbilical arteries
essential amino acids
arteries
8. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
second messenger
semiautonomous
vas deferens
Eicosanoid
9. Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
NADP
bone matrix
lock and key theory
meiosis
10. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.
pepsinogen
steroid hormones
glucagon
intermediate filaments
11. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
gastrin
troponin
membrane carrier
primary spermatocytes
12. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
somatic nervous system
lactic acid
umbilical vein
PTH
13. Thin - walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
nonspecific defense mechanism
Receptors
alveoli
hydrostatic pressure
14. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
hypothyroidism
S phase
chiasmata
Cytochromes
15. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.
T lymphocyte
bacteriophage
allosteric modulator
trachea
16. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.
secretion
tropomyosin
primary oocytes
ovaries
17. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body
fetus
contraction period
renin
autoimmune response
18. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.
hypothyroidism
Cell membrane
hypodermis
Glycosylation
19. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
synaptic cleft
ectoderm
potential osmotic pressure
osteons
20. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
anaphase
chondrocytes
chaperonins
corticosteroids
21. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
telophase II
Mitotic phase
enterokinase
pancreas
22. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
adrenal glands
seminal vesicles
immune response
internal intercostal muscles
23. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine
ileum
eosinophils
releasing hormones
GnRH
24. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.
gastric glands
polar body
chondrocytes
latent period
25. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water
arteries
chondrin
z lines
plasma cell
26. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.
polar body
medulla oblongata
primary response
cotransport
27. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
gluconeogenesis
chief cells
esophagus
Hcg
28. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA
HCl
TSH
dsRNA
ed blood cells
29. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more
end product inhibition
lactic acid fermentation
signal transduction
fibrin
30. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults
yellow marrow
plasmid
acidosis
hypothyroidism
31. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
androgens
Cytochromes
telomeres
leukocytes
32. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells
metaphase I
Hydrophobic
cardiovascular system
ductus venosus
33. The maximum pressure that could develop in a solution when it is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane
thin filaments
haversian canal
vulva
potential osmotic pressure
34. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.
proton gradient
centrioles
lacunae
capillaries
35. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
movable joints
synaptic bouton
chymotrypsin
chiasmata
36. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections
memory cell
oxygen debt
microvilli
calvin cycle
37. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells
gluconeogenesis
synaptic bouton
cell division
gap junction
38. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
GnRH
effector cell
bases
thin filaments
39. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase
Golgi apparatus
spindle fibers
phagocytosis
Proteoglycan
40. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
hypophysis
monozygotic twins
cytokinesis
neural folds
41. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
circadian rythms
troponin
Terpene
determinate cleavage
42. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.
Glycoproteins
collagenous fibers
thyroxine
route of blood flow
43. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.
desmosomes
chondrocytes
peroxisomes
homologous chromosomes
44. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
ANS
regeneration
osteoblasts
genetic recombination
45. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
basophils
LH
prophase
peptidases
46. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
cytokinesis
secretin
cascade effect
hypoglycemia
47. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
tidal volume
Proteoglycan
anabolism
ANS
48. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
Hydrolysis
feedback inhibition
seminal vesicles
neural tube
49. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.
anabolism
thick filaments
axial skeleton
renal vein
50. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.
intramembranous ossification
blood vessel
T lymphocyte
canliculi