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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient
ETS
thymosin
simple diffusion
Glycoproteins
2. The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.
intermembrane space
fetal gas exchange
glucocorticoids
plasma
3. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon
fertilization membrane
zona pellucida
cell adhesion proteins
sympathetic nervous system
4. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
seminal vesicles
transcription
ATP synthetase
proteasomes
5. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity
glycolytic pathway
external intercostal muscles
anaphase I
competitive inhibition
6. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell
anaphase II
snRNP
T lymphocyte
reduction
7. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
PGAL
rRNA
ATP synthetase
thyroid gland
8. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals
bone matrix
compact bone
Active immunity
hypophysis
9. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections
tubulins
memory cell
mucous cells
facilitated diffusion
10. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium
atrial natriuretic hormone
emulsification
motor neuron
spermatogenesis
11. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
thrombin
enzyme kinetics
cristae
functional groups
12. Immunoglobulin. Less than 3%. Found only as a receptor on B cell membrane - Doesn't allow antigens to get into the body - Not secreted - stays attached to B cell
lymphatic system
exocytosis
indeterminate cleavage
IgD
13. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
amino acids
effector cell
telomeres
fermentation
14. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.
zona pellucida
cAMP
bacteriophage
lamellae
15. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
hromosome replication
coronary sinus
peristalsis
smooth ER
16. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids
chemoreceptors
adductor
atrioventricular valves
bulbourethral gland
17. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
seminal vesicles
Phospholipid
Unsaturated fatty acid
androgens
18. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
peroxisomes
universal donor
allosteric modulator
periosteum
19. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance
electrolytes
I band
monozygotic twins
cytotoxic T cells
20. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.
asters
atrioventricular valves
blastulation
cristae
21. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
esophagus
neutrophils
Denaturation
somatotropin
22. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed
bowmans capsule
S phase
collagenous fibers
torpor
23. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells
hypertonic
monozygotic twins
reticular fibers
myosin
24. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of
reticular fibers
prokaryotes
primary response
Eukaryotes
25. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.
virus
capillaries
surfactant
variable regions
26. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
ed blood cells
basement membrane
carbohydrate
heterotrophic
27. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse
osmoregulation
vaginal canal
somatostatin
centrioles
28. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
seminal vesicles
Glycosylation
fallopian tube
Hcg
29. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
G1 phase
helper T cells
notochord
amino acids
30. First section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water - ions - and all organic nutrients
glucocorticoids
jugular vein
ed blood cells
proximal convoluted tubule
31. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
small intestine
fetus
autonomic nervous system
hemoglobin
32. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream
hemoglobin
exoskeleton
Nucleic acids
mucous cells
33. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint
asters
amino acid residue
flexor
stratum lucidum
34. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
lymphokines
pancreas
trachea
primary response
35. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.
hypophysis
Nervous Tissue
atrioventricular valves
hypodermis
36. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
regulator
Secondary structure
myosin binding sites
myogenic activity
37. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
cytokinesis
endochondral ossification
extensor muscle
dialysis
38. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
chyme
Binary fission
intrapleural space
ascending colon
39. Hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells
thyroxine
myofibrils
prophase
Dehydration synthesis
40. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation
thrombin
G1 phase
trophoblast
lipases
41. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.
umbilical arteries
peptide hormones
synapse
prokaryotes
42. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react
salts
G2 phase
sarcoplasm
globular protein
43. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize
diploid
Eukaryotes
lipoprotein
villi
44. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor
latent period
thalamus
stratum basalis
first messengers
45. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
enterokinase
exocytosis
blastopore
umbilical cord
46. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate
osteocytes
chaperones
thyroxine
osteoblasts
47. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'
extensor muscle
anterior pituitary
chemiosmosis
CRF
48. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
vagus nerve
ATP
telophase I
lacteals
49. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.
hydrogen bond
spermatogonia
skeletal muscle
endochondral ossification
50. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose
maltase
side chain
trachea
tidal volume