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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






2. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






3. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






4. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.






5. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






6. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






7. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






8. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.






9. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






10. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






11. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






12. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






13. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies






14. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






15. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






16. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






17. The smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons.






18. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






19. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






20. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen - ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues






21. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






22. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






23. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






24. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






25. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






26. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






27. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






28. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations






29. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






30. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






31. Development of the nervous system






32. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






33. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






34. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






35. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






36. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






37. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






38. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.






39. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






40. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






41. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






42. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






43. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






44. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f






45. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






46. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






47. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






48. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






49. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






50. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords