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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg
external intercostal muscles
microvilli
cardiac output
acrosome
2. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
bile
troponin
zymogen
second messenger
3. Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that can suppress secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary
umbilical chord
inhibiting hormones
addison's disease
eosinophils
4. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
effector cell
mitochondrial matrix
ADH
somatotropin
5. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
bile
GnRH
bronchioles
electron transfer
6. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.
bulbourethral gland
renal cortex
zona pellucida
transverse tubules
7. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set
carboxypeptidase
glycolytic pathway
diploid
telopahse
8. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
functional groups
FAD
S phase
Steroids
9. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.
Nucleoid region
chiasmata
papillary layer
tonus
10. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only
plasmids
helper T cells
erythrocytes
erythroblastosis fetalis
11. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
intracellular digestion
interstitial cells
glycolytic pathway
anaphase
12. The protective skin pigment responsible for the tan - brown - or black color of human skin; produced in abundance upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation
metaphase I
centrioles
smooth ER
melanin
13. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
sucrase
proteome
effector cell
hypophysis
14. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.
expiratory reserve volume
alpha helix
side chain
deamination
15. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Passive immunity
cortisol
testosterone
ductus venosus
16. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
myoglobin
citric acid cycle
amino acid derived hormones
glucocorticoids
17. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.
somatostatin
Hydrolysis
cytokinesis
oogenesis
18. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity
B cell
immune response
calvin cycle
anaphase I
19. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber
competitive inhibition
white fibers
latent period
peptidases
20. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.
endochondral ossification
oxidative phosphorylation
rRNA
pyrophosphate
21. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation
spindle fibers
testes
bulbourethral gland
Bacteria
22. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.
Glycosylation
activation energy
cardiac muscle
exocytosis
23. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.
tidal volume
oxygen debt
hromosome replication
ptyalin
24. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen
cytochrome oxidase
plasmids
neural crest
autosomal cell
25. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.
AMP
atrioventricular node
semiautonomous
microvilli
26. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig
autosomal cell
enzyme substrate complex
primary response
seminal vesicles
27. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals
anaphase
heavy chains
antibody
FSH
28. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.
amylopectin
ATPase
acidosis
Fatty acids
29. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion
hypothalamus
descending limb
prostaglandins
heart rate
30. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults
smooth ER
endoderm
pyruvate decarboxylation
yellow marrow
31. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
red marrow
facilitated diffusion
ductus venosus
afferent arteriole
32. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies
ectoderm
tubulins
universal recipient
ATP
33. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity
tRNA
GH
osmolarity gradient
adrenal cortex
34. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract
peroxisomes
endoderm
stratum lucidum
hypothyroidism
35. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions
proteome
intermediate filaments
vagus nerve
negative pressure breathing
36. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
chylomicrons
light chains
myosin
ANS
37. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.
melanin
platelets
secondary oocytes
allosteric effector
38. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
smooth ER
pepsinogen
adrenal glands
ascending colon
39. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
genetic recombination
cytochromes
hypoglycemia
epidermis
40. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.
osteoblasts
secondary response
thymosin
primary spermatocytes
41. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.
haversian systems
synergistic muscle
vacuole
FAD
42. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins
cytokinesis
supierior vena cava
sucrase
interphase
43. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis
Telophase
electron transfer
homologous chromosomes
BNP
44. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
renal artery
white fibers
thin filaments
umbilical chord
45. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place
glomerulus
antibody
neural folds
dialysis
46. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.
seminiferous tubules
amino acid residue
determinate cleavage
epithelial tissue
47. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
decomposition reaction
blastulation
coronary arteries
Steroids
48. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
action potential
cartilage
A band
49. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.
intrapleural space
stratum spinosum
amylopectin
amino acids
50. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.
crossing over
bacteriophage
papillary layer
gamete