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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






2. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






3. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






4. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






5. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.






6. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






7. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






8. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion






9. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






10. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






11. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






12. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






13. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






14. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






15. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






16. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






17. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






18. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






19. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






20. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






21. Finger - like projections that increase the surface area and increase absorption






22. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






23. When the chromosomes replicate






24. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






25. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together






26. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






27. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






28. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






29. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






30. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






31. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






32. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.






33. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body






34. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis






35. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart






36. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.






37. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






38. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






39. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






40. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






41. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






42. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






43. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






44. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus






45. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






46. The layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles






47. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






48. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






49. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






50. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.