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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






2. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






3. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.






4. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production






5. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






6. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






7. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






8. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






9. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






10. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






11. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






12. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






13. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






14. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






15. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the






16. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






17. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.






18. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






19. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






20. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






21. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






22. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






23. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions






24. Direct the antigen - antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system






25. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






26. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






27. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






28. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






29. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)






30. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






31. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.






32. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






33. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






34. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






35. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






36. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






37. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis






38. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






40. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






41. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells






42. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out






43. Development of the nervous system






44. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.






45. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






46. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






47. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






48. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them






49. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






50. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.