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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A physiological reaction to threat that in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organisms for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) and enemy






2. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






3. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






4. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






5. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






6. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






7. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium






8. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).






9. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






10. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






11. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






12. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






13. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates






14. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






15. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






16. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






17. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






18. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






19. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum






20. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






21. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






22. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






23. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






24. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






25. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






26. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine






27. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






28. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






29. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






30. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)






31. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.






32. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






33. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






34. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






35. NORMAL STATE of BALANCED MUSCLE TENSION PRESENT In BODY WHEN One Is AWAKE






36. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






37. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






38. The bonds between the phosphate groups






39. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






40. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






41. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






42. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






43. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






44. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






45. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles






46. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






47. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






48. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary






49. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






50. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication