Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






2. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






3. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing






4. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix






5. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity






6. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle






7. The external pouch that contains the testes






8. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla






9. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






10. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart






11. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.






12. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






13. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






14. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






15. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport






16. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






17. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.






18. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






19. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






20. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles






21. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






22. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.






23. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






24. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






25. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






26. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






27. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.






28. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules






29. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.






30. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






31. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






32. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






33. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium






34. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






35. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






36. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






37. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






38. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






39. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






40. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






41. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane






42. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.






43. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






44. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






45. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






46. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






47. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






48. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.






49. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






50. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH