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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)
exoskeleton
chymotrypsinogen
gap junction
mesoderm
2. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
mitochondrial matrix
microfilaments
functional groups
aorta
3. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
tubulins
uterus
functional groups
trachea
4. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Hcg
melanin
carbonic anhydrase
hyperglycemia
5. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.
carbohydrate
relative refractory period
all or none response
Chylomicrons
6. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.
potential osmotic pressure
osmoregulation
peroxisomes
amino acid residue
7. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.
Proline
flexor
epiphyses
Passive immunity
8. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.
hypophyseal portal system
urethra
Telophase
alpha cells
9. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.
epiphyseal plate
desmosomes
cleavage
sertoli cells
10. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals
cotransport
hypothalamus
cristae
spermatogenesis
11. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus
variable regions
nucleolus
G1 phase
secretion
12. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen
vasopressin
anabolism
immune response
white fibers
13. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae
dense connective tissue
chondrocytes
amino acid residue
corona radiata
14. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine
cytokinesis
ascending limb
Prostaglandins
gluconeogenesis
15. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent
ectoderm
antibody
lungs
budding
16. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react
salts
hyperthyroidism
caveolae
lock and key theory
17. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
ptyalin
DNA polymerase
allosteric inhibitor
buffers
18. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
hemophilia
NADP
chiasmata
hydrostatic pressure
19. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.
centrioles
autotrophic
bundle of his
thyroxine
20. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
chemoreceptors
gastrula
ovaries
citric acid cycle
21. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
restriction point
portal systems
haversian canal
gametocytes
22. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).
urethra
secondary active transport
intrapleural space
total lung capacity
23. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
determinate cleavage
goiter
apoptosis
heart rate
24. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
metaphase I
fermentation
S phase
nephron
25. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).
delta cells
restriction point
antigen binding site
homeotherm
26. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.
allosteric activators
endoskeleton
skeletal muscle
Proline
27. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
Glycogen
effector cell
extracellular digestion
appendicular skeleton
28. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses
linked genes
heterotrophic
suppressor T cells
cAMP
29. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory
hypertonic solution
cortisol
vagus nerve
regeneration
30. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
plasma cell
glyoxysomes
nucleotides
epidermis
31. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
Nervous Tissue
bacteriophage
tricuspid valve
seminal vesicles
32. Any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney - functional unit of the kidney
circadian rythms
nephron
metabolism
uterus
33. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle
proton motive force
light chains
allosteric modulator
coronary arteries
34. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
chaperones
ed blood cells
apoptosis
Nucleotide
35. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.
intermediate filaments
Phospholipid
cortisol
zona pellucida
36. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr
hypodermis
cortical sex hormones
pancreatic juice
pharynx
37. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
spermatogenesis
immovable joints
glycolysis
fibrinogen
38. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed
subatomic particle
thrombin
parthogenesis
metaphase II
39. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid
deamination
renal medulla
movable joints
trypsin
40. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
metaphase
Active immunity
bundle of his
dinitrophenol
41. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
hydroxyapatite crystals
Phospholipid bilayer
coronary sinus
NAD
42. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.
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43. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane
ETS
ATP synthetase
glycolysis
osteons
44. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent
homeotherm
hydroxyapatite crystals
cytokinesis
cortisone
45. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell
endoplasmic reticulum
cell mediated immunity
allantois
proton motive force
46. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles
composite cell
Fatty acids
dermis
endochondral ossification
47. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism
gluconeogenesis
extensor muscle
AMP
afferent arteriole
48. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
gastrin
proteasomes
microtubule
Telophase
49. A form of external male pseudohermaphroditism - characterized by the lack of androgen receptors in the external genitalia: these individuals have testes - but the body and the external genitalia are female. They typically have a rudimentary vagina -
hydroxyapatite crystals
testicular feminization
heterotrophic
Denaturation
50. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce
amnion
elastic fibers
collagen
pyruvate decarboxylation