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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






2. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






3. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






4. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






5. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






6. The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery






7. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






8. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






9. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






10. Tissue that connects muscle to bone






11. The passage to the stomach and lungs






12. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






13. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






14. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






15. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






16. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






17. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






18. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp






19. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






20. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






21. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones






22. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






23. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






24. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin






25. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






26. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






27. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






28. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






29. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






30. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






31. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






32. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






33. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






34. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.






35. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






36. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






37. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen - ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues






38. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






39. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






40. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






41. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






42. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






43. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






44. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






45. Dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling due to internal and external forces - weight bearing and muscle contraction encourages stronger bone - limited or non - weight bearing and bed rest decrease bone strength






46. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






47. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






48. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






49. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






50. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds







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