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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






2. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






3. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






4. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






5. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






6. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.






7. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction






8. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






9. Development of the nervous system






10. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state






11. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






12. Covalent bond formed between amino acids






13. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






14. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.






15. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






16. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






17. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






18. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






19. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






20. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






21. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






22. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






23. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






24. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






25. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






26. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






27. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






28. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






29. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone






30. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types






31. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






32. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






33. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum






34. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






35. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






36. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th






37. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






38. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






39. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






40. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood






41. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






42. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






43. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.






44. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






45. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






46. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.






47. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






48. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






49. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood






50. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.