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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






2. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






3. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.






4. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






5. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






6. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






7. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






8. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






9. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out






10. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






11. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.






12. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended






13. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






14. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and






15. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






16. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction






17. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






18. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






19. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






20. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






21. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.






22. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - an acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






23. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






24. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






25. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






26. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






27. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






28. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






29. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.






30. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






31. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






32. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






33. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






34. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






35. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






36. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






37. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin






38. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






39. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






40. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






41. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.






42. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






43. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis






44. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






45. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates






46. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






47. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






48. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






49. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






50. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid