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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals
purkinje fibers
Mitotic phase
circadian rythms
bone matrix
2. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
cytotoxic T cells
parietal pleura
osteoblasts
coenzymes
3. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
S phase
cell cycle
sinoatrial node
hypothalamus
4. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach
cardiac sphincter
monozygotic twins
secondary spermatocytes
binary fission
5. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'
spermatogenesis
CRF
lungs
humoral immunity
6. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.
follicular phase
oxytocin
Osmosis
somatic nervous system
7. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
lipases
latent period
crossing over
stroke volume
8. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
lipoprotein
hypophysis
spermatids
ctive site
9. Development of the nervous system
B lymphocyte
neurulation
renal cortex
osteocytes
10. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state
periosteum
composite cell
relative refractory period
fetal gas exchange
11. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
renal artery
peroxisomes
seminal fluid
potential osmotic pressure
12. Covalent bond formed between amino acids
vital capacity
pancreas
citric acid cycle
peptide bond
13. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
cell cycle
ductus venosus
fermentation
somatotropin
14. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.
proton motive force
Fatty acids
aldosterone
allosteric inhibitor
15. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell
hromosome replication
receptor mediated endocytosis
B lymphocyte
semiautonomous
16. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only
epiphyses
helper T cells
insulin
intrapleural space
17. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr
catecholamines
thoracic cavity
aorta
gamete
18. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.
Muscle Tissue
Protein
memory cell
plasmids
19. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.
respiratory center
hypophysis
amino acid derived hormones
mRNA
20. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system
proximal end
carboxyhemoglobin
mesoderm
endocrine glands
21. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.
spermatids
duodenum
vasa recta
aorta
22. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends
stratum corneum
acid
stratum basalis
collagen
23. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.
collecting duct
Saturated fatty acids
proton motive force
prosthetic group
24. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
all or none response
parietal pleura
interphase
smooth ER
25. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
PTH
cytokinesis
androgens
Glycolipids
26. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.
endoderm
induction
Lipids
epiphyses
27. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice
vulva
pyloric sphincter
seminal vesicles
coronary arteries
28. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.
antigen binding site
allosteric modulator
medulla oblongata
parthogenesis
29. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone
clot
gamete
melanocyte
micelles
30. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types
composite cell
neurotransmitters
memory cell
activation energy
31. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
subatomic particle
amylopectin
umbilical chord
immunoglobulin
32. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine
T lymphocyte
blastulation
Active immunity
hypertonic solution
33. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum
alpha amino acid
pyloric sphincter
chondrocytes
fetus
34. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
relaxation period
pancreas
parthogenesis
intrapleural space
35. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta
follicular phase
calcitonin
absolute refractory period
route of blood flow
36. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th
ATPase
specific defense mechanism
bohr effect
atrioventricular valves
37. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
ejaculatory duct
mitochondrial matrix
Dehydration synthesis
oxaloacetate
38. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
beta cells
proteome
lymphokines
ectoderm
39. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles
inorganic phosphate
telophase I
lymph
tRNA
40. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood
prothrombin
hromosome replication
Receptors
Passive immunity
41. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.
Receptors
Glycosylation
anaphase
cilia
42. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
angiotensin
diaphysis
proteome
tropomyosin
43. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.
osteoporosis
ubiquinone
fibroblasts
systole
44. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
granular leukocytes
bacteriophage
collagen
mitral valve
45. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
goiter
articular cartilage
microbodies
diastole
46. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.
threshold value
bases
side chain
universal recipient
47. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
thermoregulation
extensor muscle
membrane carrier
cyanobacteria
48. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re
trypsinogen
nucleotides
sarcomeres
dizygotic twins
49. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood
Protein
hypercapnia
duodenum
hypophysis
50. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.
calvin cycle
light chains
myosin binding sites
cleavage