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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






2. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin






3. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication






4. Used to assess the rates at which enzymatic reactions occur /Will focus primarily on initial reaction rates measured over time /Influenced by a variety of factors : Concentrations of substrates - products and inhibitors






5. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






6. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






7. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






8. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules






9. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






10. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






12. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.






13. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






14. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






15. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






16. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base






17. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity






18. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






19. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






20. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






21. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






22. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






23. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






24. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






25. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






26. The period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division - typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions






27. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






28. Aid in expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity (internal intercostal muscles originate in the inferior rib and insert on the superior rib)






29. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone






30. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






31. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






32. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






33. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






34. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers






35. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl






36. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






37. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






38. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






39. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






40. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






41. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






42. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






43. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






44. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






45. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






46. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.






47. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






48. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






49. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






50. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone