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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






2. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






3. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






4. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






5. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






6. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






7. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






8. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters






9. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






10. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






11. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






12. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






13. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.






14. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






15. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






16. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






17. Bone forming cells






18. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






19. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






20. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






21. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






22. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






23. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract






24. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






25. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






26. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






27. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






28. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






29. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






30. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






31. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






32. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






33. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.






34. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






35. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






36. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






37. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






38. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






39. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum






40. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






41. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






42. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






43. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






44. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






45. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






46. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






47. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






48. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






49. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






50. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone