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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bone forming cells
osteoblasts
semilunar valve
tidal volume
ureter
2. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.
Protein
ATP synthetase
nucleolus
renin
3. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
Cell membrane
cardiac sphincter
vaginal canal
bone remodeling
4. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
chymotrypsin
external nares
gland cells
neural tube
5. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
hydrostatic pressure
ductus venosus
apoenzyme
hydroxyapatite crystals
6. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
microbodies
mucosa
inorganic phosphate
citric acid cycle
7. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
obligatory base pairing
hyperglycemia
chylomicrons
Passive immunity
8. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate
metaphase
adenylate cyclase
B cell
spermatozoa
9. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
uterus
cartilage
z lines
oxidation
10. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.
cytokinesis
mRNA
Terpene
zymogen
11. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.
Lipids
Fatty acids
sertoli cells
prostaglandins
12. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes
plasma cell
centrioles
ATP
diaphysis
13. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
atrioventricular node
micelles
cervix
thoracic cavity
14. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.
Bacteria
fertilization membrane
vacuole
composite cell
15. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.
sarcoplasm
islets of langerhans
fetal hemoglobin
bulbourethral gland
16. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I
angiotensin
sarcolemma
atoms
Meiosis II
17. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.
testosterone
scrotum
IgA
thyroid gland
18. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended
chemoreceptors
chymotrypsinogen
plasma
glycolytic pathway
19. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
gametocytes
tubulins
calvin cycle
intermembrane space
20. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
telophase II
passive diffusion
synergistic muscle
telophase I
21. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient
visceral pleura
gap junction
insulin
simple diffusion
22. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
thin filaments
proteasomes
torpor
amniotic fluid
23. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
stratum corneum
ectoderm
antigen
islets of langerhans
24. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products
cardiac muscle
cytochromes
actual osmotic pressure
allantois
25. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
neutrophils
cretinism
blastopore
appendicular skeleton
26. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells
osmoregulation
Unsaturated fatty acid
cytochromes
crossing over
27. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone
osteoporosis
pyloric sphincter
forces creating tertiary structure
melanocyte
28. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
latent period
Facilitated diffusion
thick filaments
hypertonic
29. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons
synaptic bouton
apoptosis
cell mediated immunity
Fatty acids
30. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody
obligatory base pairing
immunoglobulin
total lung capacity
epiphyseal plate
31. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
HRH
contraction period
enzyme specificity
enterokinase
32. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin
proteome
motor neuron
absolute refractory period
ATP
33. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
proteome
immune response
Golgi apparatus
proximal convoluted tubule
34. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
oxaloacetate
lacteals
second messenger
cervix
35. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.
actin
quarternary structure
neutrophils
angiotensin I
36. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
maltase
proximal convoluted tubule
nonspecific defense mechanism
amylose
37. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.
secondary active transport
smooth ER
vacuole
proenzyme
38. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
zymogen
ductus arteriosus
vasopressin
A band
39. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.
intrapleural space
GH
chorionic villi
neuromuscular junction
40. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone
axial skeleton
bulbourethral gland
carbonic anhydrase
erythroblastosis fetalis
41. The class of immunoglobulin having
endoplasmic reticulum
IgM
ovum
deamination
42. The female reproductive cell
ovum
light chains
collagenous fibers
luteal phase
43. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.
alpha amino acid
lower esophageal sphincter
B cell
autoimmune response
44. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint
leukocytes
cortisone
specific defense mechanism
flexor
45. A physiological reaction to threat that in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organisms for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) and enemy
veins
Bacteria
fight or flight response
monocytes
46. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)
B lymphocyte
prokaryotes
acrosome
rRNA
47. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
synapsis
white fibers
G1 phase
H band
48. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment
cyanobacteria
substrate
tricuspid valve
intracellular digestion
49. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
reversible reaction
gestation
secondary spermatocytes
vaginal canal
50. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
ovum
angiotensin II
endothelial cell
cecum
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