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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






2. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






3. Located in the centrosome area - and are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.






4. Clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into the reproductive tract - where it can be fertilized






5. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced






6. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






7. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






8. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






9. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






10. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.






11. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






12. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell






13. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






14. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






15. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






16. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates






17. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






18. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






19. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






20. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






21. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






22. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






23. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body






24. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






25. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






26. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.






27. The bonds between the phosphate groups






28. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water






29. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






30. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






31. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






32. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






33. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






34. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






35. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






36. First section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water - ions - and all organic nutrients






37. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






38. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






39. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






40. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin






41. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






42. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






43. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






44. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






45. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.






46. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






47. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






48. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






49. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






50. Iron - containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells







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