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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






2. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






3. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






4. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






5. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






6. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






7. Immunoglobulin. Less than 3%. Found only as a receptor on B cell membrane - Doesn't allow antigens to get into the body - Not secreted - stays attached to B cell






8. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






9. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






10. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






11. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






12. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






13. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






14. The period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division - typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions






15. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






16. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types






17. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






18. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.






19. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






20. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






21. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






22. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.






23. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






24. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






25. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






26. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






27. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






28. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






29. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






30. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






31. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






32. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






33. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






34. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.






35. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






36. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract






37. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






38. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f






39. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






40. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing






41. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






42. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






43. Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; stroke volume x heart rate






44. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






45. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






46. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






47. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






48. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.






49. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






50. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr







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