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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






2. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






3. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






4. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






5. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






6. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






7. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






8. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.






9. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






10. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






11. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






12. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






13. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration






14. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






15. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






16. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






17. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






18. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






19. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






20. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






21. A regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues






22. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






23. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -






24. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl






25. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum






26. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






27. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






28. Specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids






29. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.






30. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






31. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






32. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






33. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






34. The external pouch that contains the testes






35. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric






36. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






37. Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins






38. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






39. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions






40. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






41. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






42. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






43. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






44. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus






45. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.






46. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






47. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






48. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






49. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






50. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.