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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)
mitochondria
cascade effect
goiter
S phase
2. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
osteoclasts
proteasomes
immune response
smooth muscle
3. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only
helper T cells
fetus
BNP
calcitonin
4. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down
hypoglycemia
suppressor T cells
Cell membrane
secondary response
5. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles
semilunar valve
inorganic phosphate
micelles
countertransport
6. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
hemophilia
abductor
proteome
sertoli cells
7. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment
collecting duct
variable regions
telomeres
regulator
8. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion
HCl
NAD
activation energy
amnion
9. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum
cardiac output
oogenesis
Glucose
ATP
10. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus
peptidases
epinephrine
PTH
red fibers
11. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor
aldosterone
gestation
parathyroid glands
spindle apparatus
12. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react
obligate intracellular parasite
CNS
NADH
salts
13. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
dense connective tissue
secretin
zymogen
spermatogonia
14. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
primary oocytes
pyloric sphincter
testes
ectoderm
15. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
glucagon
myoglobin
proton gradient
alveoli
16. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.
trypsin
actin
universal donor
secondary active transport
17. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)
neutrophils
crossing over
feedback inhibition
amnion
18. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
flagella
Telophase
sucrase
adenylate cyclase
19. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig
lower esophageal sphincter
thyroxine
primary response
uterus
20. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously
chaperonins
plasma cell
autoimmune response
alveoli
21. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak
dialysis
reticular fibers
peptidases
respiratory surface
22. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
compounds
endoderm
I band
neuromuscular junction
23. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen - ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
angiotensin I
corona radiata
acidosis
CCK
24. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.
osteoblasts
collagenous fibers
amino acids
transcription
25. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele
Phospholipid bilayer
bronchioles
small intestine
cell mediated immunity
26. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als
Phospholipid
prophase I
osmoregulation
dizygotic twins
27. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
carboxyhemoglobin
cascade effect
metaphase
proteasomes
28. A hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed - A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration
micelles
insulin
myoglobin
peristalsis
29. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
acid
riacylglycerols
G1 phase
cretinism
30. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.
cAMP
semilunar valve
axial skeleton
dialysis
31. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme
Glycogen
Proteoglycan
supierior vena cava
mucosa
32. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
genetic recombination
anaphase
dsRNA
Eicosanoid
33. Covalent bond formed between amino acids
peptide bond
abductor
glycolytic pathway
enzyme substrate complex
34. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase
immunoglobulin
spindle fibers
basophils
pepsinogen
35. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.
holoenzyme
diabetes mellitus
CNS
secondary oocytes
36. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.
Cofactor
neural tube
neutrophils
desmosomes
37. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream
mucous cells
sympathetic nervous system
lymph capillaries
endoderm
38. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation
Nucleoid region
sister chromatids
bulbourethral gland
antibody
39. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body
autoimmune response
ejaculatory duct
somatic nervous system
restriction point
40. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
oxaloacetate
spermatids
aldosterone
heart
41. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g
pharynx
spermatids
neurotransmitters
immovable joints
42. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products
thymosin
allantois
neural tube
osmolarity gradient
43. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
disulfide linkages
seminal fluid
chief cells
kinase
44. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
sinoatrial node
erythroblastosis fetalis
latent period
fetal gas exchange
45. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.
regeneration
reabsorption
Hydrolysis
cytochromes
46. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes
inhibiting hormones
myogenic activity
filtration
external nares
47. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward
lactic acid fermentation
cotransport
peristalsis
adenylate cyclase
48. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.
medulla oblongata
immune system
diastole
prosthetic group
49. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.
binary fission
bowmans capsule
desmosomes
myosin
50. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
Osmosis
chymotrypsin
synaptic bouton
thyroid gland