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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development
interferons
cell cycle
blastula
binary fission
2. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
tidal volume
salts
Lipids
axial skeleton
3. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
cecum
acidosis
nerve terminal
diaphragm
4. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent
chorionic villi
budding
bohr effect
spermatogonia
5. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH
purkinje fibers
ileum
Osmosis
norepinephrine
6. Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings - DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.
dizygotic twins
torpor
actin
autoimmune response
7. A regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues
exocrine glands
hydroxyapatite crystals
allosteric effector
histamine
8. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
feedback inhibition
oxidation
pepsinogen
mesenchyme
9. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set
Proline
interstitial cells
intracellular digestion
telopahse
10. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.
glucagon
bacteriophage
functional groups
cell cycle
11. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
melanocyte
interstitial cells
archenteron
sympathetic nervous system
12. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP
calvin cycle
glycolytic pathway
fibroblasts
nerve terminal
13. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.
actual osmotic pressure
osmolarity gradient
noncompetitive inhibition
endoplasmic reticulum
14. Lacking affinity for water
cytoskeleton
vaginal canal
Hydrophobic
buffers
15. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin
sucrase
gluconeogenesis
meiosis
Lysosomes
16. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system
basophils
efferent arteriole
mesoderm
acidosis
17. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
allosteric activators
ed blood cells
anaphase
emulsification
18. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'
exoskeleton
sarcoplasm
high energy bonds
CRF
19. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies
Passive immunity
suppressor T cells
haversian systems
microvilli
20. First section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water - ions - and all organic nutrients
proximal convoluted tubule
calcitonin
neural folds
blood vessel
21. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
catecholamines
autoimmune response
activation energy
epiphyseal plate
22. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.
anasarca
aorta
secondary active transport
movable joints
23. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum
concentration gradient
thalamus
light chains
spermatozoa
24. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind
endochondral ossification
nucleotides
second messenger
chemiosmosis
25. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins
microfilaments
intracellular digestion
anaphase II
PNS
26. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
proenzyme
DNA polymerase
Cellulose
diploid
27. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell
myosin binding sites
fertilization membrane
structural proteins
metaphase II
28. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two
Meiosis II
immune system
lungs
micelles
29. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids
sertoli cells
cortisol
Interphase
citric acid cycle
30. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption
delta cells
heterotrophic
dsRNA
side chain
31. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
hypertonic
glycolysis
pancreatic juice
enterogastrone
32. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.
adductor
umbilical vein
Haploid cell
GH
33. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor
first messengers
competitive inhibition
exon
dialysis
34. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
cytokinesis
Eicosanoid
mitochondrial matrix
Michaelis constant
35. Neuroepithelial edges of the neural groove - the apical edges of which meet in the midline to close the neural tube
fetal gas exchange
lymphatic system
Dehydration synthesis
neural folds
36. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million
osteoclasts
chymotrypsin
cell division
erythrocytes
37. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
pepsinogen
carbohydrate
sucrase
yellow marrow
38. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
aorta
determinate cleavage
metabolism
diaphragm
39. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium
macrophages
flexor
negative pressure breathing
tricuspid valve
40. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea
pyrophosphate
variable regions
sarcolemma
thalamus
41. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
blastulation
S phase
ubiquinone
steroid hormones
42. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).
purkinje fibers
reticular fibers
enterogastrone
synovial capsule
43. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
anaphase I
Hcg
diastole
fetal gas exchange
44. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.
islets of langerhans
oxaloacetate
exoskeleton
simple diffusion
45. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.
medulla oblongata
threshold value
prophase
bundle of his
46. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother
B cell
parietal cells
autolysis
placenta
47. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy
mineralcorticoids
chorion
zymogen
metaphase I
48. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
thrombin
immovable joints
extensor muscle
signal transduction
49. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells
hydrogen bond
reticular fibers
villi
osteoclasts
50. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.
renal medulla
striated muscle
neural tube
ovaries
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