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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






2. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






3. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






4. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






5. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing






6. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






7. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






8. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






9. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






10. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin






11. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






12. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






13. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin






14. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






15. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






16. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






17. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions






18. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






19. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






20. (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number






21. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






22. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






23. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






24. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






25. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells






26. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






27. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






28. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






29. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






30. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






31. Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glyco






32. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






33. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.






34. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






35. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts






36. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






37. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.






38. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






39. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






40. A muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)






41. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






42. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself






43. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.






44. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






45. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.






46. Finger - like projections that increase the surface area and increase absorption






47. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






48. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






49. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






50. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)