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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
amniotic fluid
cristae
essential amino acids
tRNA
2. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
efferent arteriole
kinase
nucleotides
3
3. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver
ductus venosus
esophagus
basement membrane
carbohydrate
4. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
capillaries
synaptic cleft
urethra
oxidation
5. Joint that allows range of movement
movable joints
fibrinogen
acidosis
prophase
6. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.
neural crest
chorionic villi
white fibers
reabsorption
7. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
jejunum
thrombin
Denaturation
complementary pairing
8. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
parathyroid glands
cell division
metaphase II
flagella
9. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g
Active immunity
myofibrils
neurotransmitters
pyloric glands
10. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and
hypodermis
distal convoluted tubule
semilunar valve
Proteoglycan
11. Tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendons
endochondral ossification
fetal hemoglobin
villi
12. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
pancreas
ectoderm
light chains
intron
13. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis
ejaculatory duct
autotrophic
phophodiesterase
ATP
14. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea
somatic nervous system
Glucose
loop of henle
gastric glands
15. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.
LH
ketoacidosis
secondary response
gastrula
16. A vessel in Which blood circulates
blood vessel
intron
Cellulose
pyloric glands
17. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate
rRNA
S phase
Nucleotide
chaperones
18. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity
facilitated diffusion
periosteum
B cell
reduction
19. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water
plasmid
skeletal muscle
hydroxyapatite crystals
chondrin
20. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta
substrate level phosphorylation
fermentation
metaphase
eosinophils
21. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.
I band
Rh factor
apoenzyme
motor neuron
22. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products
cytoskeleton
decomposition reaction
Muscle Tissue
electron transfer
23. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric
kinase
maltase
renin angiotensin system
Chylomicrons
24. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Dehydration synthesis
LH
specific defense mechanism
fetus
25. Semifluid medium containing organelles.
polyribosome
periosteum
cytosol
hydroxyapatite crystals
26. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million
intramembranous ossification
notochord
erythrocytes
HCl
27. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)
ATP
abductor
osteons
epinephrine
28. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.
Haploid cell
thin filaments
fibrin
electrolytes
29. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH
norepinephrine
blastulation
effector cell
hepatic portal vein
30. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.
interferons
blastocoel
cartilage
myoglobin
31. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.
telopahse
plasmids
IgA
hypothalamus
32. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose
Passive immunity
oogenesis
suppressor T cells
maltase
33. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules
calcitonin
neural crest
Glycosylation
amino acids
34. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration
lungs
complementary pairing
parietal cells
A band
35. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
goiter
suppressor T cells
cytokinesis
bundle of his
36. A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously
haversian systems
cyanobacteria
reversible reaction
immunoglobulin
37. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates
inhibiting hormones
T lymphocyte
eosinophils
fetal gas exchange
38. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.
hydrostatic pressure
mesenchyme
basement membrane
Nervous Tissue
39. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.
cytokinesis
Nucleotide
follicular phase
spliceosome
40. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins
nucleotides
microfilaments
compact bone
sucrase
41. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...
antigen
prophase
Glycoproteins
myogenic activity
42. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus
amylopectin
all or none response
carboxyhemoglobin
gastrula
43. The female reproductive cell
phophodiesterase
ovum
chiasmata
alcohol fermentation
44. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
immunoglobulins
calvin cycle
troponin
seminal vesicles
45. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
luteal phase
elastic fibers
parietal pleura
thick filaments
46. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.
phophodiesterase
antibody
oral cavity
myofibrils
47. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet
nucleotides
hypoglycemia
suppressor T cells
capsid
48. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody
cartilage
immunoglobulin
spindle fibers
fight or flight response
49. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
atoms
coenzymes
anaphase
Solvation
50. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin
extracellular digestion
proton gradient
threshold value
fibroblasts