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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.
Cellulose
actual osmotic pressure
reticular layer
prolactin
2. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state
relative refractory period
zona pellucida
prophase II
IgG
3. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
allosteric enzyme
lipoprotein
gametocytes
expiratory reserve volume
4. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.
Binary fission
Muscle Tissue
functional groups
renal cortex
5. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes
capillaries
trypsin
inorganic phosphate
filtration
6. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
interstitial cells
microvilli
Glucose
spindle fibers
7. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
erythrocytes
fallopian tube
thyroid gland
enterokinase
8. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together
autotrophic
enzyme substrate complex
immovable joints
somatotropin
9. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood
osteoclasts
calvin cycle
yolk sac
plasma cell
10. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
vaginal canal
allosteric activators
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine glands
11. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule
neuromuscular junction
pyloric glands
medulla oblongata
signal transduction
12. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.
tertiary structure
fibrin
lymph
sister chromatids
13. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
afferent arteriole
reabsorption
dissociation curve
hypophyseal portal system
14. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.
melanocyte
fertilization membrane
PGAL
enzyme
15. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
FAD
caveolae
afferent arteriole
cervix
16. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells
gap junction
somatic cell
carboxyhemoglobin
endoderm
17. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.
erythrocytes
cytotoxic T cells
effector cell
bases
18. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
absolute refractory period
systole
vasa recta
budding
19. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million
systole
virus
erythrocytes
Phospholipid
20. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis
oogenesis
T cells
gamete
homologous chromosomes
21. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
DNA polymerase
Glucose
tropomyosin
somatostatin
22. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
synaptic cleft
polyribosome
renal artery
granular leukocytes
23. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids
Protein
thymosin
chemoreceptors
phophodiesterase
24. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
intermembrane space
sympathetic nervous system
disulfide linkages
fibrinogen
25. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)
osteons
countertransport
competitive inhibition
LH
26. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes
osteoporosis
corona radiata
epiphyseal plate
dinitrophenol
27. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two
Meiosis II
thyroid gland
CRF
inferior vena cava
28. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
platelets
blood vessel
Meiosis II
Hcg
29. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone
melanocyte
coenzymes
antigen binding site
subatomic particle
30. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.
lymphocytes
NADH
angiotensin II
Carbohydrate
31. The larger of the two component polypeptides of an immunoglobulin molecule. Heavy chains come in a variety of heavy- chain classes or isotypes - each of which confers a distinctive effector function on the antibody molecule.
epithelial tissue
aldosterone
semilunar valve
heavy chains
32. Space between bones
articular cavity
Hydrolysis
globular protein
cAMP
33. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus
T lymphocyte
NADH
endoskeleton
epithelial tissue
34. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption
delta cells
blood vessel
centrioles
immune response
35. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
sinoatrial node
substrate
corticosteroids
Unsaturated fatty acid
36. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.
hypothalamus
ATP
gastrula
T cells
37. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
riacylglycerols
secretion
catabolism
coronary arteries
38. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
TRH
dense connective tissue
alpha cells
myosin binding sites
39. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
metaphase
hromosome replication
respiratory surface
lactase
40. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
cardiovascular system
hypophyseal portal system
dermis
metaphase
41. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
3
angiotensin I
sucrase
somatic cell
42. Tissue that connects bone to bone
dsRNA
spermatozoa
cell adhesion proteins
ligaments
43. Dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling due to internal and external forces - weight bearing and muscle contraction encourages stronger bone - limited or non - weight bearing and bed rest decrease bone strength
tetanus
bone remodeling
plasma
ductus venosus
44. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
seminiferous tubules
ATP synthetase
metaphase II
dermis
45. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
Nucleic acids
smooth ER
thalamus
neural tube
46. A semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum
chyme
corticosteroids
urethra
epithelial tissue
47. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
spongy bone
carbohydrate
neural crest
anaphase
48. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
small intestine
hypothyroidism
hemophilia
bundle of his
49. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types
white fibers
universal donor
smooth ER
haversian systems
50. Predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll.
oogenesis
cyanobacteria
route of blood flow
proton gradient
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