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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






2. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






3. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






4. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






5. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously






6. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






7. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






8. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






9. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






10. Form gametes which combine to form zygotes that develope into more sporozoites






11. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






12. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






13. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.






14. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






15. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






16. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






17. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






18. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






19. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






20. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart






21. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






22. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






23. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






24. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






25. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






26. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






27. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






28. Secreted by the anterior pituitary. It is a general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size. It affects many tissues of the body; however its major effects are on the growth of muscle and the long bones of the body.






29. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






30. The part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum






31. Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings - DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.






32. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






33. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






34. Joint that allows range of movement






35. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters






36. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






37. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






38. Organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop






39. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






40. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






41. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.






42. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






43. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction






44. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






45. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






46. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






47. Tissue that connects bone to bone






48. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






49. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






50. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen