Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






2. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






3. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






4. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






5. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






6. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






7. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.






8. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






9. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






10. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






11. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing






12. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






13. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.






14. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






15. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






16. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc






17. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






18. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types






19. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






20. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






21. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin






22. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






23. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






24. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I






25. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






26. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






27. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland






28. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






29. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






30. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






31. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






32. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






33. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






34. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






35. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood






36. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






37. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -






38. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






39. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






40. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






41. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






42. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






43. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






44. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






45. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






46. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






47. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






48. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






49. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






50. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid