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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






2. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






3. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






4. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






5. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






6. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.






7. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






8. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






9. Thin - walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place






10. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






11. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






12. The influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells






13. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.






14. Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell






15. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin






16. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






17. Aid in expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity (internal intercostal muscles originate in the inferior rib and insert on the superior rib)






18. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






19. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






20. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.






21. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






22. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion






23. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






24. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






25. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






26. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart






27. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together






28. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






29. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






30. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






31. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






32. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






33. When the chromosomes replicate






34. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -






35. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium






36. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






37. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






38. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






39. Found in the cytosol and contains - microfilaments - microtubules - and intermediate fibers. Gives the cell its shape and and anchor organelles. Functions in intracellular transport.






40. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






41. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






42. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.






43. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






44. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






45. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






46. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






47. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






48. A muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)






49. Lacking affinity for water






50. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes