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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






2. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






3. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






4. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






5. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






6. Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings - DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.






7. A regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues






8. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






9. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






10. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.






11. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






12. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






13. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






14. Lacking affinity for water






15. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






16. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






17. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






18. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






19. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies






20. First section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water - ions - and all organic nutrients






21. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






22. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






23. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






24. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






25. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






26. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






27. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell






28. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






29. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






30. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






31. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






32. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






33. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






34. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






35. Neuroepithelial edges of the neural groove - the apical edges of which meet in the midline to close the neural tube






36. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






37. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






38. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






39. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium






40. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






41. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






42. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).






43. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






44. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






45. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.






46. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






47. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






48. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






49. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






50. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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