Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 30 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






2. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses






3. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






4. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






5. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






6. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






7. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






8. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood






9. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






10. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






11. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






12. Membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional






13. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.






14. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.






15. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






16. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






17. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






18. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






19. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






20. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






21. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






22. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






23. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins






24. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






25. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






26. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






27. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an






28. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






29. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






30. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






31. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid






32. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






33. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






34. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein






35. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






36. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






37. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






38. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






39. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






40. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






41. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






42. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






43. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






44. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






45. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






46. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






47. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






48. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






49. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






50. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle