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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 30 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside
acrosomal process
telomeres
micelles
elastic fibers
2. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses
heart
obligate intracellular parasite
Passive immunity
myosin binding sites
3. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
side chain
filtration
osteoporosis
Nucleotide
4. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
jejunum
polyribosome
phophodiesterase
Terpene
5. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions
endoskeleton
stratum basalis
plasmids
IgE
6. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse
cardiac muscle
Muscle Tissue
cascade effect
kinase
7. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule
signal transduction
bases
synaptic bouton
Terpene
8. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood
stroke volume
peristalsis
chymotrypsinogen
osteoclasts
9. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH
angiotensin
buffers
microtubule
canliculi
10. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor
cristae
chiasmata
first messengers
adductor
11. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
mucosa
urethra
Steroids
fetal gas exchange
12. Membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional
fibroblasts
tendons
yolk sac
thrombin
13. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.
suppressor T cells
T cells
ejaculatory duct
microfilaments
14. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.
fermentation
flexor
reversible reaction
pyloric glands
15. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
phagocytosis
sympathetic nervous system
telophase I
mineralcorticoids
16. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg
lymphokines
acrosome
tropomyosin
IgG
17. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH
oxaloacetate
chemical digestion
Muscle Tissue
norepinephrine
18. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce
Glycogen
pyruvate decarboxylation
cell adhesion proteins
snRNP
19. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord
restriction point
motor neuron
external intercostal muscles
amino acids
20. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
troponin
angiotensin II
Hydrolysis
NADH
21. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin
concentration gradient
tarch
descending limb
lactic acid
22. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
oxidation
osteons
synapse
primary oocytes
23. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins
Glycosylation
chylomicrons
budding
hydroxyapatite crystals
24. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
universal recipient
heavy chains
Phospholipid bilayer
exoskeleton
25. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr
tropomyosin
Cytochromes
intracellular digestion
Nucleotide
26. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons
skeletal muscle
myoglobin
Mitotic phase
hypophyseal portal system
27. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
IgE
gland cells
telophase I
erythrocytes
28. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
anaphase I
G1 phase
epididymus
secondary response
29. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.
islets of langerhans
tricuspid valve
carboxypeptidase
Cell membrane
30. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more
end product inhibition
light chains
exoskeleton
sister chromatids
31. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid
pyloric sphincter
NAD
first messengers
plasmid
32. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
cardiac sphincter
cilia
testosterone
tertiary structure
33. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption
mineralcorticoids
thyroid gland
first messengers
delta cells
34. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein
red fibers
angiotensin I
intron
enzyme specificity
35. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment
Michaelis constant
AMP
cortical sex hormones
regulator
36. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
metaphase I
anaphase
meiosis
lymph
37. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.
Phospholipid bilayer
Proline
hromosome replication
autosomal cell
38. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
restriction point
mitral valve
functional groups
lungs
39. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.
trypsinogen
IgG
Muscle Tissue
testes
40. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
haversian systems
chief cells
cytoskeleton
metabolism
41. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.
plasma
semiautonomous
ascending limb
hypophyseal portal system
42. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
creatine phosphate
genetic recombination
glycolytic pathway
Unsaturated fatty acid
43. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two
signal transduction
chromatin
GnRH
Meiosis II
44. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis
immune system
homologous chromosomes
sarcolemma
lock and key theory
45. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
dense connective tissue
pancreatic juice
stratum corneum
holoenzyme
46. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
neuromuscular junction
hydroxyapatite crystals
ejaculatory duct
ADH
47. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone
Binary fission
interstitial cells
prolactin
Proline
48. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.
effector cell
Active immunity
appendicular skeleton
telopahse
49. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections
GnRH
hypoglycemia
memory cell
quarternary structure
50. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle
peroxisomes
anaphase
electrolytes
mitral valve