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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






2. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






3. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






4. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






5. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor






6. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






7. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






8. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.






9. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).






10. Dynamic - temporary array of microtubules that moves chromosomes in precise directions during mitosis or meiosis.






11. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






12. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






13. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






14. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






15. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






16. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration






17. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






18. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






19. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






20. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






21. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.






22. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






23. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






24. The layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles






25. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






26. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






27. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






28. During this time - calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum - myosin - binding sites are covered by tropomyosin - myosin heads detach from actin - and tension in the muscle fiber decreases






29. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself






30. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






31. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






32. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.






33. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






34. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






35. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins






36. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






37. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum






38. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






39. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base






40. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






41. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






42. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






43. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






44. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin






45. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






46. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






47. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






48. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






49. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






50. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood