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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells
ligaments
FMN
lymph
cell mediated immunity
2. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b
Lysosomes
tarch
Glycolipids
actual osmotic pressure
3. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis
homologous chromosomes
amylose
umbilical vessels
villi
4. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.
hydrostatic pressure
lacteals
transcription
sarcoplasmic reticulum
5. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane
ADP
ETS
ductus arteriosus
IgA
6. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
membrane carrier
chaperones
luteal phase
enzyme substrate complex
7. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone
cancellous bone
enterogastrone
spirometer
foramen ovale
8. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body
competitive inhibition
cervix
corona radiata
tropomyosin
9. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
substrate
cilia
G2 phase
cardiac sphincter
10. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli
peroxisomes
dialysis
lipases
negative pressure breathing
11. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells
seminiferous tubules
homoeostasis
exon
prophase II
12. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.
ed blood cells
translation
heterotrophic
heavy chains
13. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.
gametocytes
Michaelis constant
first messengers
ovaries
14. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
binary fission
cardiac sphincter
Nucleotide
notochord
15. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P
Secondary structure
follicles
B cell
prophase I
16. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms
testicular feminization
induced fit model
calvin cycle
homeotherm
17. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose
diabetes mellitus
expiratory reserve volume
inhibiting hormones
telophase II
18. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP
diploid
gastrin
thalamus
FADH
19. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo
monozygotic twins
mRNA
archenteron
chromatin
20. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.
metaphase
renal artery
aorta
goiter
21. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose
maltase
cristae
cardiac sphincter
expiratory reserve volume
22. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.
fibrinogen
nucleolus
ketoacidosis
external nares
23. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
renal artery
metaphase
posterior pituitary
restriction point
24. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.
plasmids
Glucose
endoplasmic reticulum
receptor mediated endocytosis
25. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver
ductus venosus
distal convoluted tubule
respiratory center
Hydrophobic
26. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
haversian canal
anaphase
exon
transcription
27. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System
gastrin
suppressor T cells
canliculi
z lines
28. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
homoeostasis
nucleolus
passive diffusion
hydroxyapatite crystals
29. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.
loop of henle
stratum lucidum
loose connective tissue
polyribosome
30. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.
enzyme kinetics
apoptosis
Hydrolysis
filtration
31. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
bulbourethral gland
striated muscle
chaperones
32. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria
tetanus
extracellular digestion
endocrine glands
ATP
33. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.
allosteric enzyme
RNAi
Bacteria
renal cortex
34. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
latent period
capillaries
epithelial tissue
efferent arteriole
35. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea
pyrophosphate
ACTH
glycolysis
proton gradient
36. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons
Proline
synaptic bouton
somatic cell
visceral pleura
37. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.
desmosomes
umbilical arteries
chaperones
dermis
38. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.
Muscle Tissue
red fibers
elastic fibers
plasmid
39. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.
chorionic villi
virus
norepinephrine
CNS
40. Hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells
spirometer
z lines
proximal convoluted tubule
thyroxine
41. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.
restriction point
uterus
essential amino acids
peptide bond
42. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
prothrombin
cretinism
actin
gluconeogenesis
43. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
white fibers
semiautonomous
allosteric inhibitor
stratum corneum
44. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea
bone matrix
loop of henle
endothelial cell
norepinephrine
45. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA
IgG
elastic fibers
snRNP
compact bone
46. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
pituitary gland
smooth muscle
nonspecific defense mechanism
tonus
47. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
centrisomes
Phospholipid bilayer
macrophages
Secondary structure
48. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.
fetal gas exchange
ovaries
chemoreceptors
myoglobin
49. The bonds between the phosphate groups
adrenal cortex
endocrine glands
allantois
high energy bonds
50. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
metabolism
Denaturation
lymph capillaries
cytokinesis
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