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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






2. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






3. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






4. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse






5. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction






6. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






7. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






8. Attracts a solute molecule to a binding site






9. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






10. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






11. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






12. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






13. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.






14. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






15. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






16. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






17. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium






18. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.






19. Veins in the neck that return blood from the head






20. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus






21. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






22. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






23. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






24. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






25. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






26. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






27. Joint that allows range of movement






28. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






29. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






30. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses






31. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






32. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






33. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






34. New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis






35. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






36. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






37. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron






38. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.






39. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






40. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






41. An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP as a result of a series of events that occur in and around a membrane. in prokaryotes it is in the cell membrane and in eukaryotes it is in the mitochondrial membrane






42. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






43. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






44. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






45. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






46. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).






47. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis






48. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






49. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






50. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.