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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






2. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






3. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus






4. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






5. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






6. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.






7. (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities






8. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






9. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






10. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.






11. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration






12. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






13. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin






14. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






15. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






16. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






17. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






18. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






19. Used to assess the rates at which enzymatic reactions occur /Will focus primarily on initial reaction rates measured over time /Influenced by a variety of factors : Concentrations of substrates - products and inhibitors






20. Carries blood from the internal Jugular to the right side of the heart






21. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






22. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






23. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






24. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






25. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






26. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






27. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






28. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.






29. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






30. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






31. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






32. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.






33. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






34. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






35. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






36. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






37. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA






38. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






39. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced






40. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






41. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously






42. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






43. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






44. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






45. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






46. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






47. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






48. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






49. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






50. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.







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