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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr






2. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






3. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






4. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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5. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






6. An antibody that is involved in hypersensitivity and allergies. For some reason the body makes this antibody instead of IgG/A






7. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






8. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






9. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla






10. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






11. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions






12. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged






13. Development of the nervous system






14. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






15. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






16. The protective skin pigment responsible for the tan - brown - or black color of human skin; produced in abundance upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation






17. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state






18. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






19. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






20. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






21. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






22. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.






23. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






24. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters






25. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.






26. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart






27. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






28. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






29. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






30. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






31. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






32. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






33. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia






34. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






35. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






36. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






37. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






38. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.






39. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






40. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors






41. Lacking affinity for water






42. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






43. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






44. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication






45. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum






46. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






47. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






48. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






49. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






50. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.