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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant
prolactin
DNA polymerase
composite cell
substrate level phosphorylation
2. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.
dialysis
blastocyst
seminiferous tubules
myofibrils
3. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
lipoprotein
osmoregulation
placenta
NADH
4. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)
intermediate filaments
osteons
gap junction
genetic recombination
5. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin
tarch
micelles
veins
canliculi
6. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
prophase
mesenchyme
dsRNA
flagella
7. Tissue that connects muscle to bone
fallopian tube
G2 phase
prolactin
tendons
8. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell
autolysis
ductus venosus
semiautonomous
bile
9. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP
FADH
blastula
corticosteroids
norepinephrine
10. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed
salts
universal donor
snRNP
subatomic particle
11. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)
amnion
chymotrypsinogen
androgens
cascade effect
12. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy
melanocyte
binary fission
oncotic pressure
mineralcorticoids
13. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.
cAMP
epiglottis
Lysosomes
epiphyses
14. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.
microbodies
chylomicrons
prophase
compounds
15. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
ovaries
A band
osmotic pressure
plasmids
16. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
relative refractory period
cytoskeleton
DNA polymerase
osteoporosis
17. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.
target organs
posterior pituitary
glycolysis
atoms
18. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.
virus
smooth ER
neutrophils
centrisomes
19. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.
endochondral ossification
Cofactor
synapse
activation energy
20. A physiologically inactive form of angiotensin that is the precursor to angiotensin II. ACE will convert it from I to 2.
endocrine glands
angiotensin I
sister chromatids
gap junction
21. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
acid
immunoglobulins
immune response
chymotrypsin
22. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.
microvilli
tonus
high energy bonds
pancreas
23. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.
chorionic villi
hydrostatic pressure
respiratory surface
myofibrils
24. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
variable regions
Binary fission
obligatory base pairing
veins
25. New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis
angiotensin I
cervix
genetic recombination
external intercostal muscles
26. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides
filtration
carboxypeptidase
tonus
anaphase
27. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway
feedback inhibition
ejaculatory duct
high energy bonds
secondary response
28. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.
thyroid gland
cleavage
melanin
cortisol
29. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber
myosin
tendons
reduction
platelets
30. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach
hydrogen bond
esophagus
prokaryotes
CNS
31. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
hypodermis
apoptosis
enterogastrone
zymogen
32. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.
tropomyosin
platelets
anaphase
HCl
33. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.
high energy bonds
basement membrane
z lines
vaginal canal
34. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
appendicular skeleton
exoskeleton
hemophilia
proton motive force
35. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin
maltase
LH
vital capacity
stratum spinosum
36. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
red fibers
hypothalamus
proton gradient
bone matrix
37. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly
seminiferous tubules
autolysis
parietal cells
basophils
38. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract
transverse tubules
allantois
endoderm
elastic fibers
39. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell
cell mediated immunity
IgG
anasarca
interphase
40. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.
pineal gland
circadian rythms
IgA
Nervous Tissue
41. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.
filtration
esophagus
autonomic nervous system
spermatogonia
42. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.
riacylglycerols
clot
proenzyme
dizygotic twins
43. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line
ed blood cells
IgA
adductor
Unsaturated fatty acid
44. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.
ATP
phagocytosis
cytoskeleton
cleavage
45. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex
primary spermatocytes
angiotensin II
exon
Proteoglycan
46. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone
angiotensin II
potential osmotic pressure
cancellous bone
actin
47. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.
capillaries
Saturated fatty acids
fertilization membrane
secondary active transport
48. Space between bones
articular cavity
erythrocytes
cotransport
mesoderm
49. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
mucosa
glucocorticoids
antigen
immovable joints
50. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein
mRNA
micelles
myoglobin
intron