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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






2. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






3. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






4. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.






5. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






6. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






7. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






8. Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone released from hypothalamus via hypophyseal porthole stimulates somatotropins in anterior pituitary to release GH






9. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






10. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






11. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






12. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.






13. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






14. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...






15. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis






16. A semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum






17. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






18. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses






19. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






20. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream






21. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






22. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






23. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






24. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary






25. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






26. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules






27. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid






28. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






29. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






30. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






31. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






32. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse






33. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






34. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






35. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.






36. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






37. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






38. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






39. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






40. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






41. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






42. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






43. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






44. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P






45. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






46. Lacking affinity for water






47. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.






48. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts






49. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






50. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system