Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






2. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






3. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






4. Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings - DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.






5. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles






6. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






7. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






8. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






9. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






10. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






11. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






12. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






13. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






14. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






15. A mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera






16. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.






17. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






18. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






19. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






20. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






21. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






22. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






23. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






24. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






25. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






26. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






27. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






28. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






29. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






30. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






31. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






32. Thin - walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place






33. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






34. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






35. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself






36. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.






37. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






38. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta






39. The external pouch that contains the testes






40. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






41. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






42. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






43. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






44. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






45. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






46. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






47. Stimulate production of platelets






48. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions






49. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






50. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.