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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






2. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






3. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






4. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






5. An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection






6. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.






7. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






8. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






9. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






10. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






11. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






12. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






13. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






14. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






15. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






16. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






17. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






18. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.






19. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.






20. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






21. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






22. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






23. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






24. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






25. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






26. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






27. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts






28. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid






29. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -






30. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






31. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






32. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






33. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the






34. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






35. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






36. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






37. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






38. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






39. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.






40. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






41. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






42. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together






43. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






44. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells






45. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






46. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






47. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules






48. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






49. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






50. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix