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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






2. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






3. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






4. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






5. Joint that allows range of movement






6. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






7. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






8. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






9. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






10. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






11. Tissue that connects muscle to bone






12. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






13. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis






14. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






15. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






16. A vessel in Which blood circulates






17. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






18. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






19. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water






20. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






21. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






22. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






23. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric






24. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






25. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






26. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






27. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






28. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






29. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






30. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.






31. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.






32. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






33. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






34. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration






35. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






36. A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously






37. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates






38. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.






39. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.






40. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






41. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...






42. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






43. The female reproductive cell






44. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






45. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






46. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.






47. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






48. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






49. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






50. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin