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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






2. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






3. Membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional






4. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






5. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.






6. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






7. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water






8. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron






9. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






10. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






11. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






12. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






13. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






14. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






15. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






16. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






17. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I






18. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






19. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






20. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






21. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






22. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle






23. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






24. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






25. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






26. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






27. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






28. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






29. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






30. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy






31. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






32. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






33. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation






34. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






35. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






36. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






37. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






38. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






39. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






40. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct






41. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






42. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.






43. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






44. The passage to the stomach and lungs






45. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






46. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






47. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






48. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






49. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






50. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)