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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
Telophase
functional groups
CNS
passive diffusion
2. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
corticosteroids
FADH
A band
collecting duct
3. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes
Primary structure
chondrin
secondary oocytes
blastopore
4. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.
proteome
sarcoplasmic reticulum
stratum basalis
mitral valve
5. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.
ileum
anterior pituitary
apoenzyme
bundle of his
6. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next
synaptic cleft
immunoglobulin
aorta
thyroid gland
7. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.
pancreatic juice
hypothalamus
Osmosis
aorta
8. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus
endometrium
thalamus
potential osmotic pressure
TCA cycle
9. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products
anaphase
expiratory reserve volume
gamete
umbilical chord
10. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine
Active immunity
loose connective tissue
chondrin
apoenzyme
11. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing
Prostaglandins
anabolism
bone resorption
oxytocin
12. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.
cortical reaction
synovial capsule
intron
excretion
13. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin
IgG
hypothalamus
tendons
neural folds
14. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.
adductor
ovum
pharynx
disulfide linkages
15. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.
thyroid gland
fermentation
B lymphocyte
gastric glands
16. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
red marrow
hypertonic
cardiovascular system
anasarca
17. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract
purkinje fibers
interferons
capillaries
scrotum
18. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme
Chylomicrons
extensor muscle
holoenzyme
electron transfer
19. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.
lungs
hemoglobin
centrioles
adductor
20. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.
respiratory center
villi
bone matrix
LH
21. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells
PKU
binary fission
interstitial cells
reticular fibers
22. The external pouch that contains the testes
hypertonic
micelles
scrotum
cytosol
23. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
smooth muscle
posterior pituitary
glycolysis
metaphase II
24. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.
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25. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart
foramen ovale
desmosomes
parthogenesis
hypertonic
26. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
cytokinesis
acrosome
glucagon
mucosa
27. The female reproductive cell
villi
chemoreceptors
parietal pleura
ovum
28. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases
smooth ER
vulva
pancreatic juice
efferent arteriole
29. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin
thalamus
synapse
clot
gluconeogenesis
30. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
proton gradient
RNAi
Glucose
cytoskeleton
31. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.
fetal hemoglobin
chymotrypsin
hypophyseal portal system
synapsis
32. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption
myoglobin
adrenal glands
hemoglobin
delta cells
33. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment
reversible reaction
hepatic portal vein
substrate
RNAi
34. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints
compact bone
articular cartilage
systole
androgens
35. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
ascending colon
zymogen
atria
cytoskeleton
36. A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously
PGAL
reversible reaction
parthogenesis
ADH
37. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
steroid hormones
Terpene
hydroxyapatite crystals
gastrin
38. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
reticular fibers
Chylomicrons
interferons
notochord
39. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
primary response
cecum
hydroxyapatite crystals
thromboplastin
40. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.
indeterminate cleavage
pyruvate decarboxylation
linked genes
secretin
41. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
ejaculatory duct
cretinism
angiotensin
mineralcorticoids
42. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells
myosin
insulin
myofibrils
purkinje fibers
43. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
umbilical vein
morula
AMP
mitochondrial matrix
44. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only
competitive inhibition
FADH
helper T cells
lactic acid fermentation
45. Stimulate production of platelets
Eukaryotes
histamine
cytokinesis
thrompoietin
46. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.
Mitotic phase
gastric glands
pyloric sphincter
Unsaturated fatty acid
47. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
axial skeleton
transcription
amphipathic
proton gradient
48. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
atria
CCK
translation
metaphase
49. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
meiosis
endoderm
fallopian tube
atrioventricular node
50. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
chymotrypsin
side chain
gastrin
hypertonic solution