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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






2. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.






3. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






4. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






5. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






6. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.






7. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






8. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






9. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.






10. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






11. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.






12. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus






13. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






14. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium






15. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






16. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






17. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta






18. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






19. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation






20. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






21. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






22. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.






23. An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection






24. A vessel in Which blood circulates






25. The protective skin pigment responsible for the tan - brown - or black color of human skin; produced in abundance upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation






26. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






27. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






28. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






29. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






30. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






31. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






32. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream






33. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






34. Consists of layer of compact bone encloses in spongy bone at the ends of the long bones






35. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






36. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






37. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






38. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






39. The bonds between the phosphate groups






40. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






41. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






42. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






43. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation






44. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






45. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






46. The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery






47. Stimulate production of platelets






48. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






49. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






50. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen