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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
parietal cells
epinephrine
diaphragm
dense connective tissue
2. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
oxytocin
cecum
total lung capacity
peptide bond
3. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.
centrioles
mesoderm
nuclear pore complex
Hcg
4. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors
epiphyses
Vmax
compact bone
Bacteria
5. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
Cell membrane
sarcoplasmic reticulum
adrenal cortex
renal cortex
6. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells
oxidation
fibrin
myofibrils
amnion
7. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
peptide hormones
plasma
epidermis
nerve terminal
8. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
amphipathic
mesoderm
intracellular digestion
cancellous bone
9. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
anaphase
granular leukocytes
inflammatory response
G1 phase
10. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.
Bacteria
substrate
gestation
amylopectin
11. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
hypoglycemia
neural tube
veins
mucosa
12. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
vasa recta
gastrin
renin angiotensin system
chemoreceptors
13. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the
induced fit model
vital capacity
angiotensin
tropomyosin
14. Used to assess the rates at which enzymatic reactions occur /Will focus primarily on initial reaction rates measured over time /Influenced by a variety of factors : Concentrations of substrates - products and inhibitors
fertilization membrane
enzyme kinetics
oogenesis
decomposition reaction
15. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
external intercostal muscles
proton motive force
intracellular digestion
osmoregulation
16. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place
articular cartilage
glomerulus
chymotrypsin
effector cell
17. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid
addison's disease
deamination
neural tube
kinase
18. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli
hromosome replication
meiosis
axial skeleton
tonus
19. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
expiratory reserve volume
ed blood cells
epinephrine
capsid
20. New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis
genetic recombination
deuterstomes
endochondral ossification
transcription
21. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus
simple diffusion
tubulins
alimentary canal
ejaculatory duct
22. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent
cortisone
thromboplastin
dizygotic twins
metaphase
23. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
CCK
sarcoplasmic reticulum
coenzymes
trachea
24. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr
cortical sex hormones
Nucleotide
uterus
hypertonic
25. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.
threshold value
universal recipient
pyloric sphincter
H band
26. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin
blastula
autoimmune response
gluconeogenesis
threshold value
27. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.
hypodermis
hemoglobin
ovaries
competitive inhibition
28. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
structural proteins
IgD
Nucleotide
blastocoel
29. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.
portal systems
diaphysis
parathyroid glands
chorionic villi
30. Stimulate production of platelets
cascade effect
thrompoietin
fibroblasts
somatic nervous system
31. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.
amniotic fluid
insulin
osmotic pressure
Michaelis constant
32. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per
lungs
microvilli
polyribosome
neural crest
33. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.
lock and key theory
Primary structure
gluconeogenesis
acidosis
34. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream
mucous cells
gastric glands
lymph
Mitotic phase
35. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone
endoderm
ubiquinone
interstitial cells
proteome
36. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
metaphase I
Muscle Tissue
thin filaments
gamete
37. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body
autoimmune response
TSH
inhibiting hormones
chaperones
38. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA
bowmans capsule
microbodies
oncotic pressure
RNAi
39. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.
parietal pleura
umbilical vessels
somatic cell
myosin binding sites
40. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
antigen binding site
purkinje fibers
enzyme substrate complex
Saturated fatty acids
41. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea
portal systems
Hydrolysis
circadian rythms
pyrophosphate
42. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.
simple diffusion
hypothyroidism
proenzyme
endometrium
43. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.
melanocyte
actin
Lipids
prolactin
44. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
variable regions
carbohydrate
prophase
telomeres
45. The process by which wastes are removed from the body
GnRH
excretion
cartilage
insulin
46. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more
indeterminate cleavage
end product inhibition
secretion
light chains
47. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion
negative pressure breathing
hypothalamus
thin filaments
phagocytosis
48. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.
Protein
Michaelis constant
fight or flight response
mesenchyme
49. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
feedback inhibition
prosthetic group
hydroxyapatite crystals
parietal pleura
50. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.
internal intercostal muscles
amniotic fluid
epithelial tissue
diaphysis