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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell






2. Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. Partly charged






3. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






4. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy






5. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






6. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






7. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






8. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






9. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






10. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






11. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






12. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium






13. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






14. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






15. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






16. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






17. Stimulate production of platelets






18. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






19. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






20. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






21. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






22. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






23. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






24. A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - which help to arouse the body in times of stress.






25. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and






26. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






27. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






28. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






29. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






30. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






31. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






32. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






33. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






34. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






35. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication






36. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






37. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






38. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






39. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






40. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






41. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






42. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






43. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






44. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






45. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.






46. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






47. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






48. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






49. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






50. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.