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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






2. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






3. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






4. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






5. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






6. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






7. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






8. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






9. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues






10. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






11. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






12. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






13. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






14. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






15. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






16. New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis






17. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






18. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






19. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






20. The maximum pressure that could develop in a solution when it is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane






21. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.






22. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






23. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






24. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






25. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






26. Joint that allows range of movement






27. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






28. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters






29. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






30. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.






31. 1) is the 2nd and deepest layer of the dermis. 2) Compose of Dense Irregular CT. 3) Contains interlacing Collagen and Elastic Fibers. 4) Is packed with oil glands - sweat gland ducts - fat - and hair follicles. 5) It provides strength - extensibility






32. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






33. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






34. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone






35. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






36. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






37. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication






38. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






39. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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40. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.






41. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.






42. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






43. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






44. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






45. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






46. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






47. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






48. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






49. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






50. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport







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