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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






2. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






3. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






4. The period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division - typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions






5. A mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera






6. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






7. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis






8. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone






9. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them






10. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






11. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






12. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






13. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






14. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






15. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






16. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein






17. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






18. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






19. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






20. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






21. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults






22. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






23. Immunoglobulin. Less than 3%. Found only as a receptor on B cell membrane - Doesn't allow antigens to get into the body - Not secreted - stays attached to B cell






24. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






25. Joint that allows range of movement






26. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






27. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






28. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






29. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






30. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid






31. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






32. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






33. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor






34. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






35. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






36. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






37. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






38. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






39. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






40. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions






41. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies






42. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






43. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






44. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp






45. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






46. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum






47. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






48. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






49. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.






50. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins