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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages
bone matrix
atria
hypodermis
catecholamines
2. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium
G1 phase
centrisomes
tricuspid valve
bone resorption
3. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
dermis
ureter
immune response
enterogastrone
4. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH
diaphragm
respiratory center
buffers
hypoglycemia
5. Tissue that connects bone to bone
ligaments
noncompetitive inhibition
TCA cycle
blastopore
6. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.
pyruvate
intrapleural space
telophase I
esophagus
7. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.
essential amino acids
plasmid
chemical digestion
dialysis
8. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
suppressor T cells
induced fit model
luteal phase
zona pellucida
9. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle
steroid hormones
mitral valve
fibroblasts
renal medulla
10. Generalized edema with accumulation of serum in subcutaneous connective tissue
allosteric inhibitor
anasarca
calcitonin
corona radiata
11. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient
cotransport
Lipids
trachea
dermis
12. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
Hcg
delta cells
ketoacidosis
induction
13. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly
vulva
PTH
autolysis
lacunae
14. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell
Passive immunity
functional groups
semiautonomous
immunoglobulin
15. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development
primary response
countertransport
hypothalamus
blastula
16. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
seminal vesicles
torpor
Eicosanoid
synapsis
17. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder
endoderm
proximal end
meiosis
antibody
18. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer
gestation
lymphocytes
ctive site
HCl
19. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg
riacylglycerols
facilitated diffusion
acrosome
heart rate
20. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.
collagenous fibers
spermatogonia
peptide bond
intrapleural space
21. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.
linked genes
elastic fibers
mucous cells
bone remodeling
22. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport
peptide bond
troponin
countertransport
bundle of his
23. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line
PTH
ureter
abductor
follicular phase
24. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
cell mediated immunity
transcription
functional groups
pyloric glands
25. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end
extracellular digestion
portal systems
parathyroid glands
gastrula
26. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood
fetal gas exchange
substrate
osteoclasts
cytosol
27. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.
ductus venosus
PKU
efferent arteriole
contraction period
28. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
hypophyseal portal system
synaptic cleft
Telophase
immune response
29. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
glycolysis
ubiquinone
myosin binding sites
enzyme substrate complex
30. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'
CRF
plasmids
epithelial tissue
autonomic nervous system
31. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother
ejaculatory duct
placenta
rRNA
cortisol
32. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
oogenesis
ctive site
citric acid cycle
immune system
33. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
Bacteria
ANS
telopahse
smooth ER
34. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
enterokinase
trachea
neural folds
translation
35. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant
lymph nodes
thrombin
prolactin
cretinism
36. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.
desmosomes
cardiac sphincter
peptide hormones
stratum corneum
37. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
small intestine
pharynx
virus
collecting duct
38. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
larynx
stratum spinosum
tetanus
contraction period
39. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.
bile
bases
appendicular skeleton
passive diffusion
40. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
dsRNA
ctive site
chief cells
41. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside
dsRNA
micelles
chaperonins
alpha helix
42. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion
hypothalamus
lymphatic system
foramen ovale
canliculi
43. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
phophodiesterase
spindle fibers
ovaries
Nucleotide
44. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.
thoracic cavity
steroid hormones
chorionic villi
bowmans capsule
45. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and
hypodermis
amino acid derived hormones
cell mediated immunity
pyrophosphate
46. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins
myofibrils
placenta
endochondral ossification
semilunar valve
47. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta
Cytochromes
hypophyseal portal system
chromatin
substrate level phosphorylation
48. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re
bone remodeling
secondary spermatocytes
TCA cycle
sarcomeres
49. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become
Meiosis II
surfactant
bronchioles
helper T cells
50. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus
lamellae
heterotrophic
cell cycle
PTH