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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
proton gradient
Binary fission
homologous chromosomes
Dehydration synthesis
2. Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
IgE
prostaglandins
chromatin
microbodies
3. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
chief cells
cell mediated immunity
translation
coenzymes
4. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody
asters
immunoglobulin
fertilization membrane
ectoderm
5. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium
atrial natriuretic hormone
sucrase
Rh factor
blastopore
6. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr
glycolysis
fibrinogen
Cytochromes
hypothyroidism
7. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme
nephron
holoenzyme
crossing over
humoral immunity
8. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory
uterus
cortisol
hyperglycemia
cAMP
9. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.
adrenal cortex
secondary spermatocytes
Lysosomes
vas deferens
10. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
loose connective tissue
telophase II
hyperglycemia
zona pellucida
11. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion
immunoglobulins
electron transfer
synaptic cleft
endoderm
12. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.
lacteals
Muscle Tissue
blastula
pepsinogen
13. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.
FSH
umbilical vein
inferior vena cava
anabolism
14. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient
Unsaturated fatty acid
hypodermis
glycolysis
cotransport
15. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.
hypodermis
citric acid cycle
vital capacity
hromosome replication
16. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
chylomicrons
cytoskeleton
Michaelis constant
somatotropin
17. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen
chorion
absolute refractory period
Unsaturated fatty acid
fermentation
18. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
acromegaly
hypertonic solution
stratum basalis
prostate gland
19. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile
sympathetic nervous system
angiotensin I
CCK
descending limb
20. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
follicular phase
carbohydrate
peptide hormones
light chains
21. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.
centrioles
hydroxyapatite crystals
blastocoel
nonspecific defense mechanism
22. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
aldosterone
immunoglobulins
hypodermis
regeneration
23. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex
primary spermatocytes
angiotensin II
ileum
composite cell
24. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.
BNP
tubulins
anabolism
immune response
25. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range
osmotic pressure
thermoregulation
testosterone
chiasmata
26. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA
amylose
stratum basalis
afferent arteriole
dsRNA
27. Dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling due to internal and external forces - weight bearing and muscle contraction encourages stronger bone - limited or non - weight bearing and bed rest decrease bone strength
allosteric modulator
stratum corneum
bone remodeling
ANS
28. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
T lymphocyte
efferent arteriole
substrate level phosphorylation
sucrase
29. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
pyloric sphincter
epinephrine
microtubule
collecting duct
30. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
PGAL
ejaculatory duct
adrenal cortex
dinitrophenol
31. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.
blastocoel
creatine phosphate
membrane carrier
G1 phase
32. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line
abductor
chorionic villi
prophase
oncotic pressure
33. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f
Hydrolysis
hypercapnia
ADH
sucrase
34. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
tarch
plasma
Interphase
gastrin
35. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response
Nucleic acids
antibody
acid
protostomes
36. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
zymogen
blastulation
cristae
prokaryotes
37. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
anabolism
respiratory surface
lacteals
thymosin
38. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
Eukaryotes
DNA polymerase
luteal phase
structural proteins
39. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
oxaloacetate
hydroxyapatite crystals
ovaries
simple diffusion
40. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
epidermis
interstitial cells
allosteric activators
hemophilia
41. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).
Hydrolysis
inferior vena cava
antigen binding site
lacunae
42. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
AMP
Hcg
Hydrophobic
inferior vena cava
43. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides
carboxypeptidase
Lysosomes
variable regions
stratum corneum
44. Semifluid medium containing organelles.
cervix
cytosol
mesenchyme
visceral pleura
45. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder
proximal end
prophase II
chiasmata
lacunae
46. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.
heterotrophic
Cofactor
homoeostasis
chymotrypsinogen
47. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
pituitary gland
essential amino acids
osmotic pressure
releasing hormones
48. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly
indeterminate cleavage
autolysis
tricuspid valve
sinoatrial node
49. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.
endothelial cell
Secondary structure
microtubule
spermatogonia
50. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.
H band
endoplasmic reticulum
enzyme
corticosteroids