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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






2. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






3. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






4. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






5. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






6. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






7. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






8. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






9. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






10. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






11. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






12. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






13. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






14. Bone forming cells






15. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






16. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr






17. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation






18. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






19. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






20. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






21. A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair






22. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






23. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium






24. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells






25. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types






26. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






27. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






28. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






29. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






30. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor






31. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






32. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






33. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






34. Form gametes which combine to form zygotes that develope into more sporozoites






35. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






36. Aid in expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity (internal intercostal muscles originate in the inferior rib and insert on the superior rib)






37. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse






38. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






39. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






40. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone






41. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






42. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart






43. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






44. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






45. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum






46. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor






47. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






48. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






49. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






50. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi