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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts
cyanobacteria
Facilitated diffusion
immune system
spliceosome
2. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
NADH
blood vessel
obligate intracellular parasite
synaptic bouton
3. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing
B lymphocyte
oxytocin
allosteric enzyme
leukocytes
4. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix
zona pellucida
glucocorticoids
Osmosis
osteocytes
5. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity
Hydrogen Bond
chief cells
Telophase
hypothyroidism
6. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
G2 phase
anaphase
cortical reaction
7. The external pouch that contains the testes
hydrostatic pressure
bone remodeling
hydrogen bond
scrotum
8. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
pharynx
purkinje fibers
thalamus
homologous chromosomes
9. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement
myosin
flagella
autonomic nervous system
chyme
10. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
suppressor T cells
renal vein
coronary veins
cortical sex hormones
11. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
collagen
histamine
Proline
dinitrophenol
12. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
prophase I
Haploid cell
bone remodeling
prophase
13. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids
sertoli cells
platelets
amino acid derived hormones
membrane carrier
14. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
bulbourethral gland
end product inhibition
ptyalin
tropomyosin
15. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport
countertransport
spongy bone
sarcomeres
fallopian tube
16. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose
Hydrogen Bond
glucagon
cytochrome oxidase
diabetes mellitus
17. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.
dissociation curve
Telophase
portal systems
chiasmata
18. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
Unsaturated fatty acid
chondrin
lymphokines
coronary sinus
19. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone
haversian systems
DNA polymerase
cardiac muscle
spongy bone
20. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
respiratory center
vaginal canal
alpha cells
globular protein
21. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
pyloric sphincter
primary spermatocytes
anaphase
fibrin
22. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.
hemophilia
atrioventricular node
neutrophils
IgD
23. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
synovial fluid
oxygen debt
melanin
osteoporosis
24. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
lymph capillaries
heart rate
intracellular digestion
delta cells
25. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
veins
inferior vena cava
neural tube
monozygotic twins
26. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
sarcoplasm
parietal cells
blastocyst
cecum
27. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.
loose connective tissue
vasopressin
hypophysis
capillaries
28. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
stratum lucidum
Solvation
leukocytes
androgens
29. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.
cortical reaction
prolactin
releasing hormones
tubulins
30. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes
excretion
prokaryotes
lock and key theory
plasma cell
31. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.
cell cycle
motor neuron
enzyme substrate complex
lacunae
32. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach
intramembranous ossification
thin filaments
metaphase
esophagus
33. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium
alpha cells
aldosterone
coronary sinus
loose connective tissue
34. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.
peptide bond
thin filaments
coenzymes
umbilical vein
35. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
smooth ER
gastrin
Cytochromes
glomerulus
36. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase
stratum granulosum
spindle fibers
adrenal cortex
kinase
37. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only
helper T cells
autosomal cell
epiphyseal plate
hypothyroidism
38. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
hydroxyapatite crystals
appendicular skeleton
uterus
visceral pleura
39. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
deamination
gestation
Conjugated protein
portal systems
40. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus
myosin binding sites
noncompetitive inhibition
Steroids
all or none response
41. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane
phagocytosis
expiratory reserve volume
action potential
excretion
42. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.
first messengers
endochondral ossification
alpha amino acid
cortical reaction
43. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
chymotrypsin
somatic nervous system
dinitrophenol
renal artery
44. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
basement membrane
posterior pituitary
intermembrane space
somatic cell
45. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber
loose connective tissue
compact bone
latent period
apoenzyme
46. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient
inflammatory response
epithelial tissue
cotransport
stratum lucidum
47. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells
larynx
centrisomes
cytochromes
peristalsis
48. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.
foramen ovale
maltase
alveoli
IgA
49. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
proton motive force
receptor mediated endocytosis
renin
forces creating tertiary structure
50. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH
cytokinesis
hypophysis
norepinephrine
cleavage