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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






2. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






3. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine






4. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






5. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.






6. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






7. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






8. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






9. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






10. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin






11. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.






12. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged






13. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






14. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






15. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






16. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






17. The period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division - typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions






18. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract






19. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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20. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






21. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






22. Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins






23. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






24. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






25. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






26. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






27. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






28. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






29. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






30. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






31. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






32. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






33. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






34. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






35. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






36. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






37. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






38. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity






39. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






40. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






41. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters






42. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






43. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






44. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid






45. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






46. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






47. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I






48. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.






49. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






50. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size