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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea
posterior pituitary
duodenum
end product inhibition
loop of henle
2. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion
synapse
inorganic phosphate
trophoblast
HCl
3. Stimulate production of platelets
thrompoietin
endochondral ossification
proton gradient
meiosis
4. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins
Saturated fatty acids
chylomicrons
tidal volume
renal medulla
5. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
peptide hormones
tubulins
bases
neuromuscular junction
6. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
chylomicrons
TRH
glycolysis
end product inhibition
7. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.
Hydrolysis
renal cortex
neurotransmitters
activation energy
8. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient
cotransport
hypothyroidism
IgG
Michaelis constant
9. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons
LH
substrate level phosphorylation
synaptic bouton
oogenesis
10. An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP as a result of a series of events that occur in and around a membrane. in prokaryotes it is in the cell membrane and in eukaryotes it is in the mitochondrial membrane
bases
countertransport
ATPase
afferent arteriole
11. The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.
sinoatrial node
intermembrane space
nucleolus
anasarca
12. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli
diaphysis
signal transduction
tonus
cortisone
13. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy
parietal cells
reversible reaction
mineralcorticoids
noncompetitive inhibition
14. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
crossing over
dinitrophenol
descending limb
mitochondria
15. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
zymogen
myosin
exon
Vmax
16. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters
enterokinase
nerve terminal
Glucose
parasympathetic nervous system
17. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.
Proteoglycan
exon
thyroxine
vasopressin
18. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord
bone resorption
light chains
motor neuron
meiosis
19. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state
hydrogen bond
relative refractory period
respiratory surface
T lymphocyte
20. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Lysosomes
lacteals
loop of henle
lock and key theory
21. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells
nonspecific defense mechanism
contraction period
simple diffusion
epiglottis
22. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex
angiotensin II
visceral pleura
chyme
lymphatic system
23. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH
troponin
sarcolemma
epiglottis
GnRH
24. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.
umbilical arteries
glomerulus
Nucleoid region
forces creating tertiary structure
25. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and
first messengers
amino acid derived hormones
endoskeleton
hemoglobin
26. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
composite cell
Primary structure
carbohydrate
urethra
27. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
renin
platelets
ovum
facilitated diffusion
28. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
carboxyhemoglobin
anaphase
spermatids
vaginal canal
29. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy
fetal hemoglobin
granular leukocytes
torpor
G1 phase
30. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile
CCK
cervix
chymotrypsin
A band
31. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
ANS
blastula
lower esophageal sphincter
heterotrophic
32. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
osmotic pressure
pepsinogen
hyperglycemia
fibroblasts
33. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
peptide bond
ETS
CNS
Glucose
34. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA
tarch
delta cells
ovaries
snRNP
35. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
DNA polymerase
cortical sex hormones
vagus nerve
epiphyses
36. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
ileum
ACTH
anaphase
prophase II
37. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
capillaries
Hcg
proenzyme
cotransport
38. The passage to the stomach and lungs
pharynx
Golgi apparatus
Receptors
epiglottis
39. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid
tetrad
Cofactor
action potential
deamination
40. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
endometrium
tropomyosin
ectoderm
induced fit model
41. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
osteons
abductor
smooth ER
oogenesis
42. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.
lymph capillaries
secondary spermatocytes
spliceosome
chaperones
43. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
hemophilia
prophase
PGAL
prosthetic group
44. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus
pyloric glands
Lipids
amniotic fluid
allosteric activators
45. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum
islets of langerhans
indeterminate cleavage
heavy chains
oogenesis
46. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
absolute refractory period
notochord
lipases
deuterstomes
47. The female reproductive cell
ovum
indeterminate cleavage
tricuspid valve
neurulation
48. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.
mesoderm
respiratory surface
zymogen
effector cell
49. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated
gamete
exon
alpha cells
Golgi apparatus
50. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles
melanocyte
tetrad
Michaelis constant
periosteum