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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






2. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th






3. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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4. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






5. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






6. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






7. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






8. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






9. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.






10. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






11. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






12. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium






13. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






14. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






15. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






16. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






17. Direct the antigen - antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system






18. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






19. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






20. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






21. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.






22. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers






23. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






24. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






25. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.






26. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






27. Stimulate production of platelets






28. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






29. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






30. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






31. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.






32. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct






33. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






34. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






35. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






36. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






37. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen






38. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






39. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






40. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






41. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






42. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






43. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






44. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






45. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






46. The passage to the stomach and lungs






47. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






48. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






49. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






50. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.