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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.
heart rate
cilia
periosteum
Hydrolysis
2. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production
glyoxysomes
3
hypophysis
hypothalamus
3. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body
cleavage
cervix
threshold value
salts
4. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.
allosteric modulator
extracellular digestion
Binary fission
parthogenesis
5. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.
pepsinogen
glyoxysomes
receptor mediated endocytosis
mucosa
6. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself
gastric glands
bohr effect
GH
visceral pleura
7. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra
Glucose
bone matrix
extracellular digestion
globular protein
8. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
secretin
Meiosis II
acromegaly
lacteals
9. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate
chaperones
chiasmata
Glycoproteins
exoskeleton
10. Water passively moves out - esp - in hypertonic medulla. Deeper more hypertonic=more H2O absorbed by kidney.
Muscle Tissue
Haploid cell
descending limb
universal donor
11. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set
Proline
testicular feminization
Protein
telopahse
12. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.
endochondral ossification
apoptosis
Michaelis constant
trachea
13. During this time - calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum - myosin - binding sites are covered by tropomyosin - myosin heads detach from actin - and tension in the muscle fiber decreases
telopahse
lacteals
relaxation period
BNP
14. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism
cytokinesis
Fatty acids
AMP
nerve terminal
15. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.
LH
renal cortex
secondary spermatocytes
blastocoel
16. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus
cardiac sphincter
heart rate
metaphase I
endometrium
17. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
lipoprotein
secretion
allosteric enzyme
thoracic cavity
18. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
reticular fibers
I band
arteries
ascending limb
19. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo
monozygotic twins
relaxation period
synergistic muscle
ejaculatory duct
20. A physiological reaction to threat that in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organisms for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) and enemy
thromboplastin
renal artery
anaphase
fight or flight response
21. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity
seminiferous tubules
thermoregulation
hypothyroidism
purkinje fibers
22. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.
efferent arteriole
diaphysis
archenteron
adrenal glands
23. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.
proenzyme
beta cells
homeotherm
spermatogonia
24. A mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera
hepatic portal vein
ectoderm
vagus nerve
amphipathic
25. Semifluid medium containing organelles.
glomerulus
aldosterone
cytochromes
cytosol
26. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.
surfactant
mucous cells
umbilical vessels
acrosomal process
27. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
portal systems
autonomic nervous system
countertransport
thromboplastin
28. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed
subatomic particle
vasa recta
larynx
thick filaments
29. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become
external intercostal muscles
stratum corneum
bronchioles
peptide bond
30. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
Connective tissue
myogenic activity
osmotic pressure
capsid
31. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder
cortical sex hormones
releasing hormones
proximal end
umbilical vein
32. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.
tRNA
H band
neural tube
heart
33. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
ATP synthetase
vas deferens
hyperglycemia
epinephrine
34. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
adenylate cyclase
dissociation curve
lacteals
hyperglycemia
35. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.
renal cortex
proenzyme
ovaries
primary response
36. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
prosthetic group
portal systems
hypertonic
pyloric glands
37. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.
Protein
secondary spermatocytes
potential osmotic pressure
Cofactor
38. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.
endothelial cell
eosinophils
ETS
end product inhibition
39. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum
Muscle Tissue
neutrophils
trypsinogen
gastrula
40. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp
bohr effect
adenylate cyclase
glycolysis
duodenum
41. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types
prophase II
composite cell
immune cells
CRF
42. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
renal vein
amylopectin
parietal cells
Dehydration synthesis
43. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and
lymphatic system
vas deferens
atrioventricular node
vagus nerve
44. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
renal vein
autonomic nervous system
microfilaments
Hydrogen Bond
45. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.
tricuspid valve
cell adhesion proteins
meiosis
induction
46. Bean - shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation
homologous chromosomes
chondrocytes
lymph nodes
umbilical arteries
47. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections
memory cell
stratum corneum
inferior vena cava
carboxyhemoglobin
48. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
amylose
telophase II
chymotrypsin
decomposition reaction
49. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.
Prostaglandins
anaphase
pancreas
apoenzyme
50. Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored
Conjugated protein
epididymus
prostaglandins
Bacteria