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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






2. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis






3. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






4. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






5. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






6. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






7. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






8. Pressure that has already developed in a solution due to osmosis.






9. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






10. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - an acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






11. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






12. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






13. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






14. Stimulate production of platelets






15. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles






16. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia






17. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






18. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






19. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






20. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






21. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






22. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






23. A semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum






24. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






25. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






26. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr






27. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






28. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






29. A regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues






30. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






31. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






32. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






33. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland






34. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






35. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






36. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






37. The protective skin pigment responsible for the tan - brown - or black color of human skin; produced in abundance upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation






38. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






39. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






40. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His






41. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






42. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






43. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






44. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






45. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






46. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






47. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






48. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly






49. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






50. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart