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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






2. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






3. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






4. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






5. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






6. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function






7. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






8. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.






9. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






10. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






11. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






12. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






13. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f






14. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






15. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






16. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






17. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






18. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






19. The protective skin pigment responsible for the tan - brown - or black color of human skin; produced in abundance upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation






20. Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that can suppress secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary






21. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse






22. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum






23. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






24. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






25. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.






26. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






27. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






28. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






29. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






30. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






31. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






32. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P






33. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






34. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.






35. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






36. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






37. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






38. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein






39. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






40. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






41. The external pouch that contains the testes






42. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






43. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






44. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






45. A semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum






46. Tissue that connects muscle to bone






47. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






48. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies






49. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






50. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis