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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






2. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






3. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






4. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






5. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.






6. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






7. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






8. Polar hormones incapable of permeating the cell membrane that bind to surface receptors and act through secondary messengers






9. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






10. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






11. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






12. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






13. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state






14. Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell






15. Bone forming cells






16. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






17. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






18. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






19. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






20. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






21. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






22. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






23. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






24. The external pouch that contains the testes






25. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






26. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






27. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






28. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.






29. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






30. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






31. A mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera






32. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta






33. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates






34. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






35. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






36. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






37. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles






38. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






39. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine






40. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






41. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






42. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






43. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






44. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






45. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






46. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






47. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






48. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.






49. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






50. Clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into the reproductive tract - where it can be fertilized