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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
testosterone
endoderm
chymotrypsin
ed blood cells
2. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity
osmolarity gradient
gamete
binary fission
filtration
3. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th
cortisone
reversible reaction
atrioventricular valves
secondary oocytes
4. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.
autolysis
diaphragm
acrosome
morula
5. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.
capillaries
target organs
coenzymes
ADH
6. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f
basophils
absolute refractory period
ADH
CNS
7. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
relaxation period
chymotrypsin
spindle apparatus
ANS
8. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.
autotrophic
bile
fight or flight response
acrosomal process
9. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.
primary oocytes
alpha helix
pepsinogen
myofibrils
10. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes
amylopectin
anaphase
filtration
acidosis
11. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter
peristalsis
thick filaments
TSH
semiautonomous
12. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle
hypophysis
tropomyosin
mitral valve
supierior vena cava
13. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors
Vmax
reduction
carboxypeptidase
IgA
14. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.
cell adhesion proteins
prostate gland
prothrombin
larynx
15. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.
myosin binding sites
acrosomal process
cleavage
thermoregulation
16. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged
interstitial cells
3
obligatory base pairing
light chains
17. During this time - calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum - myosin - binding sites are covered by tropomyosin - myosin heads detach from actin - and tension in the muscle fiber decreases
relaxation period
bile
potential osmotic pressure
somatostatin
18. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
centrisomes
protostomes
respiratory center
S phase
19. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix
testicular feminization
osteocytes
latent period
troponin
20. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea
enterokinase
ctive site
oxytocin
loop of henle
21. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.
gametocytes
catabolism
releasing hormones
adrenal glands
22. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule
systole
stratum granulosum
antibody
ADH
23. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.
FADH
atrioventricular valves
amino acid derived hormones
Conjugated protein
24. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
hydroxyapatite crystals
polyribosome
kinase
secretion
25. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
bronchioles
cell division
insulin
actin
26. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus
disulfide linkages
PTH
proton motive force
nucleolus
27. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
thalamus
feedback inhibition
actin
oxidation
28. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo
vasopressin
monozygotic twins
trachea
CRF
29. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus
acrosomal process
passive diffusion
somatotropin
alimentary canal
30. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
testes
Saturated fatty acids
zona pellucida
erythroblastosis fetalis
31. The influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells
immune cells
bundle of his
striated muscle
induction
32. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.
mRNA
FADH
respiratory center
Steroids
33. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
nucleolus
systole
Fatty acids
Solvation
34. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone
cancellous bone
memory cell
heavy chains
B cell
35. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg
gluconeogenesis
hyperglycemia
acrosome
myosin
36. Lacking affinity for water
Cellulose
microbodies
Hydrophobic
chromatin
37. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly
negative pressure breathing
relaxation period
abductor
telopahse
38. A mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera
vagus nerve
ANS
endoderm
synergistic muscle
39. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
cytokinesis
chymotrypsin
competitive inhibition
tonus
40. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.
effector cell
primary oocytes
descending limb
Haploid cell
41. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.
Eicosanoid
Nucleic acids
frequency summation
AMP
42. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons
contraction period
centrioles
synaptic bouton
secondary active transport
43. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
determinate cleavage
light chains
universal recipient
inorganic phosphate
44. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli
hypophysis
tonus
Interphase
homeotherm
45. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
cilia
Hcg
angiotensin I
prosthetic group
46. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium
gastrula
RNAi
osteoporosis
anaphase II
47. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per
exocytosis
atrioventricular node
neural crest
centrioles
48. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
Proline
latent period
secondary active transport
synapse
49. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.
neural tube
micelles
enzyme kinetics
atrioventricular valves
50. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system
NADH
leukocytes
buffers
jejunum