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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles
Osmosis
erythroblastosis fetalis
acromegaly
dermis
2. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function
dinitrophenol
allosteric inhibitor
cristae
ascending colon
3. Semifluid medium containing organelles.
autoimmune response
cytosol
troponin
Carbohydrate
4. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
threshold value
lacteals
somatic cell
PGAL
5. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
primary spermatocytes
amylose
polyribosome
apoptosis
6. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
mesenchyme
telophase I
atrioventricular valves
notochord
7. Clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into the reproductive tract - where it can be fertilized
intrapleural space
follicles
diaphragm
red fibers
8. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals
Mitotic phase
prokaryotes
centrioles
bone matrix
9. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.
atoms
spindle fibers
granular leukocytes
systole
10. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.
transcription
universal recipient
hydrostatic pressure
obligatory base pairing
11. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
metabolism
morula
renal vein
angiotensin II
12. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood
osteoporosis
aorta
osteoclasts
Lipids
13. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules
pineal gland
enzyme substrate complex
variable regions
sarcomeres
14. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.
spermatogonia
actin
external nares
oxygen debt
15. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
hypertonic solution
systole
holoenzyme
HRH
16. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.
villi
elastic fibers
passive diffusion
prosthetic group
17. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.
ACTH
myofibrils
secretion
Primary structure
18. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.
thromboplastin
umbilical cord
peptide bond
light chains
19. The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
leukocytes
simple diffusion
fetal hemoglobin
systole
20. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment
external nares
cecum
canliculi
substrate
21. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
Hcg
centrisomes
collecting duct
regeneration
22. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
G2 phase
exoskeleton
essential amino acids
spermatogenesis
23. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.
atrioventricular node
larynx
Protein
complementary pairing
24. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH
tertiary structure
prophase
Bacteria
GnRH
25. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.
renal artery
intrapleural space
autonomic nervous system
allosteric inhibitor
26. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
Denaturation
secondary response
salts
PKU
27. (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
adrenal glands
gluconeogenesis
diploid
mucous cells
28. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per
neural crest
carbohydrate
sucrase
tidal volume
29. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides
neuromuscular junction
follicles
carboxypeptidase
FAD
30. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)
goiter
stratum corneum
PGAL
cytochromes
31. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car
suppressor T cells
ubiquinone
renal artery
TCA cycle
32. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction
thalamus
enzyme specificity
sarcoplasm
synovial fluid
33. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria
Hcg
prophase I
tetanus
Hydrolysis
34. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.
primary spermatocytes
globular protein
yolk sac
immune cells
35. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp
yolk sac
bohr effect
prosthetic group
diaphysis
36. The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.
steroid hormones
urethra
induction
intermembrane space
37. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
acromegaly
lactic acid fermentation
lacteals
external nares
38. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells
suppressor T cells
proteasomes
Passive immunity
lymph
39. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients
small intestine
prokaryotes
prostaglandins
thymosin
40. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.
capsid
placenta
cytotoxic T cells
fight or flight response
41. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place
periosteum
glomerulus
calcitonin
diastole
42. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature
neural tube
goiter
circadian rythms
surfactant
43. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter
vasa recta
Steroids
thick filaments
side chain
44. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream
haversian canal
thyroxine
ed blood cells
amnion
45. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products
GnRH
thromboplastin
decomposition reaction
sarcomeres
46. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ
neural folds
vulva
amino acid residue
hepatic portal vein
47. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
NADP
polar body
prophase II
neuromuscular junction
48. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions
stratum corneum
mitral valve
homoeostasis
sister chromatids
49. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
hypoglycemia
ADH
autonomic nervous system
tertiary structure
50. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.
polar body
exocrine glands
immunoglobulins
Proline