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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






2. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






3. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid






4. Body cell; no egg or sperm






5. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






6. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






7. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






8. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - an acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






9. The smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons.






10. Polar hormones incapable of permeating the cell membrane that bind to surface receptors and act through secondary messengers






11. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






12. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production






13. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






14. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






15. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






16. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






17. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






18. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






19. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






20. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






21. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.






22. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






23. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






24. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






25. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






26. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






27. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






28. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






29. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.






30. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






31. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






32. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract






33. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.






34. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






35. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






36. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






37. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






38. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






39. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






40. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced






41. Tissue that connects bone to bone






42. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






43. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.






44. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






45. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






46. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






47. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






48. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate






49. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






50. Thin - walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place