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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System
G2 phase
canliculi
hypertonic solution
structural proteins
2. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
zona pellucida
cilia
Unsaturated fatty acid
prosthetic group
3. Neuroepithelial edges of the neural groove - the apical edges of which meet in the midline to close the neural tube
peristalsis
neural folds
diabetes mellitus
systole
4. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
Binary fission
epiphyses
cortical reaction
glycolysis
5. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum
oxygen debt
trypsinogen
fibroblasts
competitive inhibition
6. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
hyperglycemia
Bacteria
anaphase
Fatty acids
7. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
sinoatrial node
archenteron
sucrase
peroxisomes
8. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
articular cartilage
bowmans capsule
exoskeleton
threshold value
9. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.
chyme
polar body
Osmosis
bowmans capsule
10. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
FADH
ectoderm
renal artery
mucosa
11. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.
LH
Receptors
Passive immunity
gamete
12. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.
vagus nerve
PKU
adductor
Protein
13. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
vital capacity
spindle apparatus
citric acid cycle
exoskeleton
14. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.
chorion
HRH
coenzymes
acidosis
15. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.
cartilage
bases
spermatogonia
regulator
16. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory
ectoderm
secondary active transport
renin angiotensin system
cortisol
17. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.
antibody
visceral pleura
cell division
essential amino acids
18. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.
riacylglycerols
TRH
granular leukocytes
posterior pituitary
19. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract
Cell membrane
Cellulose
purkinje fibers
granular leukocytes
20. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
ptyalin
bulbourethral gland
parietal cells
NAD
21. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
cell division
corticosteroids
blastopore
IgA
22. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell
metaphase I
anaphase II
prophase II
cytokinesis
23. Condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia - tachycardia - goiter - and tumor
amino acid residue
spermatogenesis
hyperthyroidism
amino acid derived hormones
24. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.
collagenous fibers
bowmans capsule
actual osmotic pressure
Conjugated protein
25. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
nucleolus
extensor muscle
melanocyte
endochondral ossification
26. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak
respiratory surface
exocrine glands
sympathetic nervous system
hyperthyroidism
27. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
collecting duct
islets of langerhans
Primary structure
red fibers
28. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.
Hydrogen Bond
synapse
oral cavity
interstitial cells
29. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated
exon
trophoblast
reduction
deamination
30. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins
autonomic nervous system
electron transfer
secondary active transport
chylomicrons
31. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged
obligatory base pairing
cortical reaction
fibroblasts
jejunum
32. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone
Meiosis II
ANS
supierior vena cava
calcitonin
33. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg
trachea
acrosome
hydrogen bond
immunoglobulins
34. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.
Proteoglycan
jejunum
seminiferous tubules
endochondral ossification
35. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).
enterogastrone
Nucleic acids
chondrin
thromboplastin
36. Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. Partly charged
ADP
thoracic cavity
action potential
determinate cleavage
37. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)
umbilical chord
dermis
Unsaturated fatty acid
reduction
38. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).
absolute refractory period
nucleotides
total lung capacity
sucrase
39. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus
yolk sac
microbodies
structural proteins
nucleolus
40. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion
quarternary structure
HCl
mucosa
cardiac muscle
41. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.
alpha amino acid
Lipids
primary oocytes
ovaries
42. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions
endoderm
Nervous Tissue
homoeostasis
A band
43. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form
contraction period
glycolytic pathway
ptyalin
bohr effect
44. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme
mesenchyme
ductus venosus
binary fission
Glycogen
45. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.
tidal volume
transcription
microtubule
neural crest
46. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber
lactic acid fermentation
sarcoplasm
G2 phase
pancreas
47. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
ectoderm
dermis
morula
B cell
48. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.
Primary structure
sucrase
nucleolus
PGAL
49. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state
hypophyseal portal system
actual osmotic pressure
hydrostatic pressure
relative refractory period
50. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.
determinate cleavage
indeterminate cleavage
inner cell mass
erythrocytes