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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
yellow marrow
GnRH
cretinism
lymphatic system
2. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
intermediate filaments
micelles
skeletal muscle
oxidation
3. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
interferons
Cofactor
homeotherm
endoderm
4. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
cortisol
emulsification
ATPase
trypsin
5. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
luteal phase
blastocyst
decomposition reaction
motor neuron
6. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone
synaptic bouton
cancellous bone
zona pellucida
osmotic pressure
7. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
thromboplastin
chymotrypsin
relative refractory period
immune cells
8. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
Phospholipid
determinate cleavage
osteoporosis
urethra
9. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.
adductor
anterior pituitary
crossing over
ubiquinone
10. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form
amphipathic
Hcg
thoracic cavity
contraction period
11. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz
allosteric effector
Meiosis II
parietal cells
pyloric glands
12. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra
allosteric modulator
globular protein
immunoglobulin
kinase
13. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue
regulator
papillary layer
thick filaments
macrophages
14. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
umbilical arteries
inorganic phosphate
chondrin
mitochondrial matrix
15. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.
ACTH
gall bladder
fibrin
mesenchyme
16. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
ileum
endoderm
collecting duct
sinoatrial node
17. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.
Fatty acids
ductus venosus
Primary structure
nonspecific defense mechanism
18. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes
buffers
cecum
movable joints
filtration
19. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber
sarcoplasm
basement membrane
amino acid residue
myogenic activity
20. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.
Hydrolysis
effector cell
amino acids
uterus
21. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.
endometrium
Terpene
efferent arteriole
Hydrolysis
22. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia
Rh factor
enzyme substrate complex
autonomic nervous system
visceral pleura
23. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
dense connective tissue
alimentary canal
PGAL
interstitial cells
24. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.
ADP
negative pressure breathing
medulla oblongata
Muscle Tissue
25. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and
distal convoluted tubule
articular cavity
heavy chains
synovial fluid
26. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.
carboxyhemoglobin
enzyme kinetics
concentration gradient
microvilli
27. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment
Telophase
umbilical cord
regulator
circadian rythms
28. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.
cotransport
coenzymes
reabsorption
visceral pleura
29. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
autoimmune response
functional groups
purkinje fibers
vasa recta
30. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.
indeterminate cleavage
Saturated fatty acids
proenzyme
primary oocytes
31. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
IgA
renin
myosin
dialysis
32. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
chyme
jejunum
cilia
Terpene
33. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins
amylopectin
IgM
noncompetitive inhibition
chylomicrons
34. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.
homeotherm
microfilaments
epithelial tissue
posterior pituitary
35. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport
IgD
alpha cells
countertransport
basophils
36. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
metaphase II
zymogen
filtration
allantois
37. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)
acid
tRNA
neurulation
amnion
38. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus
thyroxine
troponin
zona pellucida
umbilical cord
39. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.
cytokinesis
carboxyhemoglobin
bohr effect
renal medulla
40. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose
diabetes mellitus
chymotrypsinogen
absolute refractory period
signal transduction
41. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next
synaptic cleft
enzyme kinetics
proton gradient
inferior vena cava
42. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
autotrophic
portal systems
erythroblastosis fetalis
exoskeleton
43. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient
testosterone
lipoprotein
simple diffusion
sister chromatids
44. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
red fibers
hyperthyroidism
chymotrypsin
Lysosomes
45. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
cardiovascular system
stratum corneum
mitral valve
primary spermatocytes
46. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.
absolute refractory period
virus
anaphase
nuclear pore complex
47. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant
IgA
ATPase
facilitated diffusion
prolactin
48. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles
periosteum
antigen binding site
collagen
spirometer
49. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.
secondary active transport
reversible reaction
acid
synapsis
50. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract
systole
lymphatic system
purkinje fibers
total lung capacity