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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






2. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






3. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






4. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






5. The bonds between the phosphate groups






6. Bean - shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation






7. Body cell; no egg or sperm






8. A hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed - A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration






9. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






10. Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell






11. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.






12. The part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum






13. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






14. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






15. Protein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached - which can further attach to a long pollysaccharide (making a complex) are the major component of the extracellular matrix






16. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






17. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






18. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp






19. A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - which help to arouse the body in times of stress.






20. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






21. First section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water - ions - and all organic nutrients






22. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






23. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






24. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






25. Predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll.






26. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus






27. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






28. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl






29. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell






30. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






31. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






32. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






33. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






34. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies






35. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






36. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






37. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






38. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






39. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






40. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






41. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






42. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin






43. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.






44. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






45. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






46. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






47. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






48. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis






49. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






50. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine







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