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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bean - shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation






2. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.






3. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






4. The female reproductive cell






5. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






6. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






7. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






8. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed






9. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






10. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






11. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






12. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






13. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






14. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.






15. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.






16. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






17. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






18. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






19. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






20. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus






21. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






22. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood






23. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






24. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






25. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






26. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






27. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






28. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






29. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






30. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






31. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






32. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






33. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






34. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






35. An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection






36. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






37. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






38. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






39. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






40. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






41. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






42. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






43. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






44. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






45. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






46. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






47. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






48. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






49. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






50. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.