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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






2. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.






3. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium






4. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






5. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






6. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.






7. Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glyco






8. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






9. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






10. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






11. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.






12. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






13. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus






14. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






15. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






16. Joint that allows range of movement






17. 1) is the 2nd and deepest layer of the dermis. 2) Compose of Dense Irregular CT. 3) Contains interlacing Collagen and Elastic Fibers. 4) Is packed with oil glands - sweat gland ducts - fat - and hair follicles. 5) It provides strength - extensibility






18. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






19. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base






20. The bonds between the phosphate groups






21. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






22. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






23. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






24. The passage to the stomach and lungs






25. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






26. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






27. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






28. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






29. An antibody that is involved in hypersensitivity and allergies. For some reason the body makes this antibody instead of IgG/A






30. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






31. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






32. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






33. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






34. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






35. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






36. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






37. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






38. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






39. (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number






40. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






41. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






42. An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP as a result of a series of events that occur in and around a membrane. in prokaryotes it is in the cell membrane and in eukaryotes it is in the mitochondrial membrane






43. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






44. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






45. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.






46. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






47. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously






48. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






49. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






50. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity







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