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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






2. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






3. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






4. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






5. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






6. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






7. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






8. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






9. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






10. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an






11. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






12. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






13. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






14. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






15. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






16. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






17. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






18. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






19. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






20. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






21. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






22. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc






23. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






24. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






25. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric






26. Any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney - functional unit of the kidney






27. The influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells






28. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






29. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






30. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






31. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






32. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






33. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






34. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






35. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






36. The passage to the stomach and lungs






37. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






38. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






39. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






40. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






41. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






42. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






43. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






44. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






45. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






46. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






47. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






48. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






49. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






50. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.







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