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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
glycolysis
Vmax
cytokinesis
endometrium
2. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA
metaphase I
snRNP
chylomicrons
chaperones
3. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als
induced fit model
holoenzyme
spermatogonia
Phospholipid
4. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end
Eicosanoid
gastrula
pancreatic juice
notochord
5. An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
lymphatic system
monocytes
diaphragm
fight or flight response
6. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.
renal medulla
spermatids
osmotic pressure
Glycosylation
7. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
lacunae
bundle of his
diastole
linked genes
8. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.
chaperonins
cardiovascular system
cytotoxic T cells
nuclear pore complex
9. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory
carbohydrate
cortisol
arteries
heavy chains
10. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b
microfilaments
epididymus
Lysosomes
osteons
11. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
purkinje fibers
enterokinase
plasma
efferent arteriole
12. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.
enterokinase
plasma
LH
allosteric modulator
13. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions
plasmids
calvin cycle
arteries
budding
14. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
seminal vesicles
NADH
ureter
deamination
15. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen
phophodiesterase
trophoblast
pepsinogen
white fibers
16. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.
allosteric inhibitor
thick filaments
Fatty acids
endoplasmic reticulum
17. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
primary response
smooth ER
veins
nonspecific defense mechanism
18. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.
adductor
Hcg
esophagus
sarcoplasmic reticulum
19. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.
frequency summation
apoenzyme
synapsis
epiphyseal plate
20. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti
elastic fibers
gastrula
secretin
prostaglandins
21. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per
semilunar valve
neural crest
umbilical arteries
proximal convoluted tubule
22. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.
end product inhibition
PGAL
Chylomicrons
bone matrix
23. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins
distal convoluted tubule
apoptosis
interphase
G1 phase
24. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber
osteoblasts
Saturated fatty acids
Passive immunity
sarcoplasm
25. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
chorion
spongy bone
PGAL
angiotensin
26. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
3
exoskeleton
Osmosis
efferent arteriole
27. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts
sucrase
placenta
Carbohydrate
exocrine glands
28. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid
trypsin
CNS
indeterminate cleavage
amphipathic
29. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -
prostate gland
parasympathetic nervous system
TSH
papillary layer
30. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti
Michaelis constant
Prostaglandins
immune system
effector cell
31. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
osmoregulation
seminal fluid
gestation
lactic acid
32. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
epiphyses
Hcg
hydroxyapatite crystals
diploid
33. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the
proteasomes
sarcoplasm
collagen
induced fit model
34. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone
axial skeleton
angiotensin I
Proline
cell division
35. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set
Solvation
telopahse
Hcg
lamellae
36. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
endoplasmic reticulum
articular cavity
pancreas
restriction point
37. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
indeterminate cleavage
Connective tissue
primary oocytes
oxidation
38. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone
haversian systems
endochondral ossification
veins
diabetes mellitus
39. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.
vital capacity
cortical sex hormones
external nares
Eukaryotes
40. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
Golgi apparatus
thrombin
tarch
alimentary canal
41. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
glycolytic pathway
interphase
sympathetic nervous system
thrompoietin
42. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together
vacuole
immovable joints
myoglobin
chondrin
43. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
Phospholipid
proton gradient
urethra
erythrocytes
44. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells
elastic fibers
cardiac output
nonspecific defense mechanism
cascade effect
45. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile
CCK
antigen
catecholamines
CNS
46. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
catecholamines
renal vein
facilitated diffusion
neural folds
47. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
Solvation
polyribosome
inferior vena cava
micelles
48. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
external nares
catabolism
telomeres
yellow marrow
49. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only
catabolism
diastole
helper T cells
renal cortex
50. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix
epithelial tissue
activation energy
immunoglobulins
osteocytes