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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






2. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






3. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus






4. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






5. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






6. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






7. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






8. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






9. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






10. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






11. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






12. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint






13. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity






14. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle






15. Water passively moves out - esp - in hypertonic medulla. Deeper more hypertonic=more H2O absorbed by kidney.






16. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






17. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






18. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






19. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






20. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






21. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






22. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






23. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






24. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






25. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






26. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.






27. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






28. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






29. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.






30. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






31. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






32. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






33. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






34. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






35. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.






36. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






37. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.






38. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.






39. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints






40. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






41. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






42. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






43. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.






44. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.






45. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion






46. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






47. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






48. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






49. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged






50. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele