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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






2. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine






3. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor






4. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






5. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






6. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






7. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and






8. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






9. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.






10. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






11. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






12. Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins






13. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






14. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.






15. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






16. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






17. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






18. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






19. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






20. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






21. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






22. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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23. A mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera






24. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






25. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






26. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






27. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






28. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






29. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






30. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






31. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






32. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






33. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






34. Attracts a solute molecule to a binding site






35. Any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney - functional unit of the kidney






36. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






37. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






38. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






39. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






40. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






41. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






42. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






43. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






44. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity






45. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






46. A physiological reaction to threat that in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organisms for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) and enemy






47. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






48. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






49. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






50. During this time - calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum - myosin - binding sites are covered by tropomyosin - myosin heads detach from actin - and tension in the muscle fiber decreases







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