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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






2. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.






3. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






4. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






5. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






6. Condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia - tachycardia - goiter - and tumor






7. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.






8. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






9. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.






10. Clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into the reproductive tract - where it can be fertilized






11. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






12. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






13. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






14. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






15. Body cell; no egg or sperm






16. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






17. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus






18. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.






19. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






20. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions






21. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






22. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






23. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






24. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






25. Covalent bond formed between amino acids






26. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






27. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






28. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






29. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






30. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






31. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary






32. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






33. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein






34. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin






35. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






36. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






37. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






38. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






39. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






40. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






41. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






42. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).






43. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






44. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis






45. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






46. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






47. Direct the antigen - antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system






48. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






49. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






50. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and