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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
mesoderm
fertilization membrane
spindle fibers
Dehydration synthesis
2. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs
antibody
morula
cardiac muscle
parthogenesis
3. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen
enzyme substrate complex
spermatogonia
fermentation
anaphase I
4. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium
external intercostal muscles
H band
variable regions
atrial natriuretic hormone
5. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle
alpha helix
blastocyst
pancreatic juice
coronary arteries
6. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated
exon
tetanus
simple diffusion
reversible reaction
7. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell
gap junction
spindle apparatus
loose connective tissue
semiautonomous
8. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent
cell cycle
gap junction
maltase
budding
9. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance
medulla oblongata
electrolytes
diaphragm
secretion
10. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins
variable regions
chylomicrons
anasarca
flexor
11. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
red marrow
endoderm
salts
filtration
12. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
hypercapnia
neuromuscular junction
lactic acid
complementary pairing
13. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.
myosin
Unsaturated fatty acid
blastula
ubiquinone
14. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
I band
light chains
renin angiotensin system
peroxisomes
15. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH
intermembrane space
allosteric enzyme
route of blood flow
norepinephrine
16. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion
hypothalamus
binary fission
budding
ductus venosus
17. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus
blastula
veins
all or none response
ductus arteriosus
18. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
amino acid derived hormones
microbodies
somatotropin
pancreas
19. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria
interferons
BNP
ATP synthetase
chorion
20. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA
dsRNA
bohr effect
mineralcorticoids
amniotic fluid
21. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex
cotransport
angiotensin II
villi
neural tube
22. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
functional groups
placenta
Carbohydrate
spindle apparatus
23. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
IgE
z lines
yolk sac
capsid
24. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone
lock and key theory
allosteric activators
diaphysis
hromosome replication
25. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ
spirometer
TCA cycle
hepatic portal vein
calcitonin
26. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.
myosin binding sites
first messengers
complementary pairing
side chain
27. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks
Muscle Tissue
GH
chemical digestion
nonspecific defense mechanism
28. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
lactic acid
bile
B lymphocyte
carboxyhemoglobin
29. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down
suppressor T cells
osteocytes
cell adhesion proteins
TCA cycle
30. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
lymphocytes
axial skeleton
atria
expiratory reserve volume
31. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood
renin
motor neuron
Active immunity
beta cells
32. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.
posterior pituitary
angiotensin I
efferent arteriole
sinoatrial node
33. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
thymosin
dizygotic twins
hromosome replication
parthogenesis
34. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
metabolism
clot
nucleolus
Fatty acids
35. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.
Eicosanoid
metaphase
gastric glands
substrate
36. Covalent bond formed between amino acids
peptide bond
pancreas
Cell membrane
allosteric enzyme
37. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber
sarcolemma
regulator
Glycogen
islets of langerhans
38. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.
peptide hormones
allosteric activators
synapse
fetus
39. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy
Proline
immunoglobulins
portal systems
glyoxysomes
40. Pressure that has already developed in a solution due to osmosis.
actual osmotic pressure
seminal fluid
lock and key theory
actin
41. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)
functional groups
oogenesis
reduction
CCK
42. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize
antigen
tonus
Eukaryotes
Active immunity
43. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
glycolysis
hypertonic solution
myosin
synapsis
44. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart
foramen ovale
addison's disease
thromboplastin
catabolism
45. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.
threshold value
neural crest
gastrula
pyloric glands
46. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
efferent arteriole
pyloric glands
cotransport
nuclear pore complex
47. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
fight or flight response
receptor mediated endocytosis
NADH
Terpene
48. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
immovable joints
indeterminate cleavage
lactic acid
49. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
yellow marrow
oxidation
diaphragm
angiotensin II
50. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity
pyruvate decarboxylation
determinate cleavage
seminal fluid
feedback inhibition