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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.
neurotransmitters
Lysosomes
thermoregulation
Bacteria
2. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance
fibrinogen
electrolytes
phagocytosis
anaphase
3. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
mucosa
homeotherm
metaphase II
somatotropin
4. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles
inorganic phosphate
respiratory center
ascending colon
cardiac sphincter
5. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
fetal gas exchange
vulva
anaphase I
vasa recta
6. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.
secondary response
essential amino acids
chymotrypsinogen
IgM
7. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
ectoderm
bohr effect
Phospholipid bilayer
synovial capsule
8. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus
epithelial tissue
immune cells
T lymphocyte
universal donor
9. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae
lymph nodes
chondrocytes
Conjugated protein
hypophysis
10. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).
antigen binding site
diaphragm
umbilical vein
lactase
11. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells
myofibrils
endoderm
distal convoluted tubule
ectoderm
12. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
blastulation
anabolism
exoskeleton
actual osmotic pressure
13. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules
immunoglobulin
semilunar valve
caveolae
adrenal cortex
14. Bone forming cells
ligaments
osteoblasts
signal transduction
Hcg
15. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
interferons
Saturated fatty acids
enterokinase
exocrine glands
16. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr
cortical sex hormones
lower esophageal sphincter
Hcg
nucleolus
17. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation
somatostatin
Proteoglycan
bulbourethral gland
morula
18. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system
high energy bonds
tonus
Golgi apparatus
mesoderm
19. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products
allantois
lactase
expiratory reserve volume
bone resorption
20. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.
homeotherm
calcitonin
extracellular digestion
atria
21. A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair
suppressor T cells
Haploid cell
LH
sinoatrial node
22. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon
fertilization membrane
renal vein
lower esophageal sphincter
red marrow
23. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium
smooth muscle
stratum granulosum
coronary sinus
contraction period
24. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
cell division
intron
deamination
somatostatin
25. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types
cAMP
exon
universal donor
ureter
26. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule
riacylglycerols
hemoglobin
stratum granulosum
bone resorption
27. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
ectoderm
metaphase I
Binary fission
FMN
28. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance
side chain
ETS
z lines
Hydrogen Bond
29. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.
Lipids
somatostatin
seminal vesicles
archenteron
30. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
obligate intracellular parasite
peroxisomes
noncompetitive inhibition
acromegaly
31. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million
erythrocytes
neural crest
alpha amino acid
light chains
32. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber
nephron
latent period
allantois
DNA polymerase
33. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex
diploid
granular leukocytes
angiotensin II
interphase
34. Form gametes which combine to form zygotes that develope into more sporozoites
pyrophosphate
Primary structure
diaphragm
gametocytes
35. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.
granular leukocytes
hypophyseal portal system
actin
lactic acid
36. Aid in expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity (internal intercostal muscles originate in the inferior rib and insert on the superior rib)
cardiovascular system
white fibers
internal intercostal muscles
3
37. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse
obligate intracellular parasite
proton motive force
Nucleic acids
vaginal canal
38. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re
sarcomeres
uterus
negative pressure breathing
adrenal glands
39. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.
intron
actual osmotic pressure
PKU
Terpene
40. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
surfactant
haversian canal
genetic recombination
atoms
41. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
tropomyosin
chylomicrons
immune response
angiotensin II
42. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
thoracic cavity
angiotensin II
kinase
cardiovascular system
43. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH
autonomic nervous system
prostate gland
fermentation
GnRH
44. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
vaginal canal
neuromuscular junction
DNA polymerase
melanin
45. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum
intramembranous ossification
medulla oblongata
gall bladder
Binary fission
46. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor
loop of henle
catabolism
parathyroid glands
monocytes
47. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.
maltase
supierior vena cava
centrisomes
actin
48. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.
angiotensin
hepatic portal vein
passive diffusion
fibrin
49. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.
hypothyroidism
peptide bond
chemiosmosis
light chains
50. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
villi
proton gradient
fibrin
ANS