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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins
mesoderm
microfilaments
afferent arteriole
Osmosis
2. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity
BNP
osmolarity gradient
epididymus
testicular feminization
3. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two
fibrinogen
lymphatic system
Bacteria
Meiosis II
4. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.
capillaries
Glycosylation
Rh factor
memory cell
5. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle
Nucleic acids
cAMP
coronary arteries
diaphysis
6. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
gastrula
intrapleural space
hyperglycemia
metaphase I
7. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants
vital capacity
catecholamines
noncompetitive inhibition
suppressor T cells
8. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system
leukocytes
telophase I
anaphase
tidal volume
9. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.
glycolytic pathway
nephron
allosteric modulator
Glycoproteins
10. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
blastula
ADH
Hcg
proximal end
11. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes
blastopore
ATP
stroke volume
portal systems
12. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe
ejaculatory duct
atrioventricular node
Eicosanoid
quarternary structure
13. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
blastocyst
3
cell adhesion proteins
loop of henle
14. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
intron
peptidases
Glucose
adductor
15. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
S phase
urethra
synaptic bouton
archenteron
16. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down
ETS
suppressor T cells
pineal gland
esophagus
17. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
Solvation
endochondral ossification
tidal volume
circadian rythms
18. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
budding
Glycosylation
autotrophic
zymogen
19. Generalized edema with accumulation of serum in subcutaneous connective tissue
anasarca
osteoblasts
erythroblastosis fetalis
antigen binding site
20. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.
adenylate cyclase
sister chromatids
dialysis
stratum granulosum
21. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
threshold value
metaphase II
synapsis
22. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
prolactin
proton motive force
chaperones
gap junction
23. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
synovial fluid
proenzyme
umbilical arteries
ADH
24. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse
cardiac muscle
threshold value
Nucleic acids
myosin
25. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix
dissociation curve
osteocytes
nonspecific defense mechanism
portal systems
26. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists
Nucleic acids
gestation
histamine
concentration gradient
27. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
gestation
phagocytosis
metaphase II
tonus
28. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
chylomicrons
notochord
NAD
S phase
29. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
vasa recta
primary spermatocytes
parietal pleura
snRNP
30. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons
cell mediated immunity
frequency summation
fermentation
skeletal muscle
31. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
blastula
Binary fission
S phase
expiratory reserve volume
32. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged
obligatory base pairing
ACTH
renin
IgA
33. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction
autotrophic
enzyme specificity
nerve terminal
chyme
34. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f
duodenum
ADH
ANS
tonus
35. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
determinate cleavage
blastula
bulbourethral gland
beta cells
36. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone
cancellous bone
striated muscle
pyloric sphincter
cAMP
37. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
Cell membrane
granular leukocytes
inhibiting hormones
B lymphocyte
38. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis
autotrophic
inorganic phosphate
BNP
synovial capsule
39. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
primary oocytes
prophase
essential amino acids
internal intercostal muscles
40. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy
cell adhesion proteins
endocrine glands
nucleolus
parasympathetic nervous system
41. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
myogenic activity
osteocytes
neuromuscular junction
deamination
42. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.
umbilical arteries
Lipids
fibrinogen
prostaglandins
43. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood
bile
hypercapnia
osmotic pressure
secondary response
44. The larger of the two component polypeptides of an immunoglobulin molecule. Heavy chains come in a variety of heavy- chain classes or isotypes - each of which confers a distinctive effector function on the antibody molecule.
apoenzyme
gland cells
HCl
heavy chains
45. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual
translation
follicular phase
corona radiata
fallopian tube
46. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig
anasarca
primary response
intermembrane space
cleavage
47. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.
collecting duct
heart
amino acids
alpha helix
48. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line
Golgi apparatus
actin
morula
adductor
49. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.
secondary response
FMN
primary spermatocytes
chymotrypsin
50. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.
tetanus
calcitonin
testes
immunoglobulin