Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction






2. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






3. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






4. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






5. A hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed - A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration






6. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






7. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.






8. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






9. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






10. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






11. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His






12. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA






13. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






14. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






15. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






16. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






17. An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP as a result of a series of events that occur in and around a membrane. in prokaryotes it is in the cell membrane and in eukaryotes it is in the mitochondrial membrane






18. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






19. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






20. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






21. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






22. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






23. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






24. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






25. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






26. Thin - walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place






27. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






28. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I






29. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.






30. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






31. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.






32. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






33. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.






34. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.






35. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






36. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






37. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






38. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia






39. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






40. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.






41. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






42. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






43. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






44. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






45. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






46. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






47. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






48. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






49. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin






50. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood