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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






2. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






3. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






4. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






5. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






6. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






7. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His






8. Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function






9. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






10. Specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids






11. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






12. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






13. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






14. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone






15. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).






16. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






17. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






18. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






19. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






20. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.






21. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






22. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






23. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






24. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






25. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






26. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.






27. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






28. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






29. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






30. The passage to the stomach and lungs






31. The bonds between the phosphate groups






32. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






33. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






34. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






35. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






36. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






37. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






38. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.






39. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






40. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






41. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






42. Polar hormones incapable of permeating the cell membrane that bind to surface receptors and act through secondary messengers






43. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






44. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






45. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






46. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






47. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






48. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






49. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint






50. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin