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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity
hypoglycemia
cytokinesis
helper T cells
B cell
2. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
lacteals
carbohydrate
cartilage
distal convoluted tubule
3. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
CRF
I band
hyperglycemia
determinate cleavage
4. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.
collecting duct
PKU
blood vessel
hydrostatic pressure
5. The maximum pressure that could develop in a solution when it is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane
allosteric activators
Nucleotide
potential osmotic pressure
telophase II
6. The organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation
BNP
Haploid cell
supierior vena cava
reabsorption
7. The class of immunoglobulin having
IgM
spermatogonia
enterokinase
ectoderm
8. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.
amphipathic
islets of langerhans
pancreas
telophase II
9. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products
endoderm
umbilical chord
beta cells
intermembrane space
10. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients
small intestine
mRNA
blood vessel
diaphysis
11. An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP as a result of a series of events that occur in and around a membrane. in prokaryotes it is in the cell membrane and in eukaryotes it is in the mitochondrial membrane
virus
prophase I
ATPase
telophase I
12. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen
follicular phase
hypertonic
countertransport
white fibers
13. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.
cardiac sphincter
activation energy
ketoacidosis
G1 phase
14. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
interstitial cells
secondary response
tidal volume
Proteoglycan
15. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus
interphase
all or none response
basement membrane
nuclear pore complex
16. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH
ectoderm
Hydrogen Bond
norepinephrine
bone matrix
17. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
transcription
cervix
G2 phase
Telophase
18. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
haversian canal
allosteric activators
collecting duct
receptor mediated endocytosis
19. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins
excretion
morula
nuclear pore complex
microfilaments
20. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA
medulla oblongata
jejunum
loose connective tissue
snRNP
21. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
telophase I
somatotropin
parietal cells
allosteric activators
22. The female reproductive cell
stratum basalis
hypercapnia
ovum
seminal vesicles
23. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver
ductus venosus
extensor muscle
placenta
proteome
24. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
I band
lymphatic system
plasmid
proton motive force
25. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
mucous cells
sinoatrial node
somatic nervous system
endoderm
26. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.
umbilical arteries
Active immunity
allosteric enzyme
hydrostatic pressure
27. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
haversian canal
amylopectin
somatostatin
target organs
28. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe
ctive site
gametocytes
G2 phase
quarternary structure
29. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement
melanin
proton gradient
flagella
neutrophils
30. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.
somatic nervous system
adenylate cyclase
Receptors
translation
31. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.
cytotoxic T cells
tubulins
endocrine glands
efferent arteriole
32. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
suppressor T cells
chiasmata
fight or flight response
intermembrane space
33. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more
end product inhibition
testes
epidermis
periosteum
34. The opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge
islets of langerhans
oral cavity
fibroblasts
addison's disease
35. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
endothelial cell
Unsaturated fatty acid
coronary veins
primary response
36. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
calvin cycle
glycolysis
cardiac output
renal artery
37. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become
proteome
lacteals
sarcomeres
bronchioles
38. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
trypsinogen
neuromuscular junction
inner cell mass
anaphase
39. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.
glycolytic pathway
androgens
steroid hormones
protostomes
40. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.
metaphase
stratum lucidum
Osmosis
threshold value
41. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells
cardiovascular system
atoms
LH
S phase
42. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
bases
ejaculatory duct
external intercostal muscles
oxytocin
43. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion
basement membrane
gestation
bowmans capsule
electron transfer
44. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP
sarcomeres
acidosis
glycolytic pathway
ANS
45. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)
metaphase II
hemoglobin
osteons
Facilitated diffusion
46. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.
helper T cells
hypophyseal portal system
stratum lucidum
spermatids
47. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).
competitive inhibition
reversible reaction
antigen binding site
anaphase II
48. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
capillaries
osmoregulation
androgens
alveoli
49. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.
umbilical vein
neurulation
Hcg
forces creating tertiary structure
50. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
renal artery
prophase
DNA polymerase
seminal vesicles