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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neuroepithelial edges of the neural groove - the apical edges of which meet in the midline to close the neural tube
Fatty acids
intrapleural space
neural folds
meiosis
2. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
Glucose
concentration gradient
cyanobacteria
lacunae
3. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
metaphase
veins
elastic fibers
heavy chains
4. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta
substrate level phosphorylation
cervix
kinase
trophoblast
5. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.
creatine phosphate
antibody
phophodiesterase
PTH
6. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and
amino acid derived hormones
periosteum
Eukaryotes
lacteals
7. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside
centrioles
inhibiting hormones
micelles
ADH
8. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
diaphysis
BNP
frequency summation
amylopectin
9. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles
synergistic muscle
humoral immunity
asters
vasopressin
10. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.
ATP synthetase
corticosteroids
chaperones
Nervous Tissue
11. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
B cell
immovable joints
haversian canal
regeneration
12. Body cell; no egg or sperm
primary spermatocytes
autosomal cell
coronary veins
ATP synthetase
13. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
sympathetic nervous system
Meiosis II
electron transfer
distal convoluted tubule
14. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.
aorta
absolute refractory period
disulfide linkages
chorionic villi
15. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.
side chain
Glycogen
tricuspid valve
ketoacidosis
16. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation
Michaelis constant
total lung capacity
flexor
trophoblast
17. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation
bulbourethral gland
prosthetic group
CRF
cilia
18. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
endoskeleton
intrapleural space
yolk sac
exoskeleton
19. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.
universal recipient
excretion
stratum lucidum
anabolism
20. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons
amino acids
skeletal muscle
ductus arteriosus
lungs
21. When the chromosomes replicate
hromosome replication
Meiosis II
osmotic pressure
hypothyroidism
22. Semifluid medium containing organelles.
homologous chromosomes
IgD
prokaryotes
cytosol
23. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr
beta cells
maltase
prokaryotes
Cytochromes
24. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis
fibroblasts
heart
tetrad
S phase
25. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.
somatotropin
composite cell
citric acid cycle
tertiary structure
26. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes
blastocoel
corona radiata
cell division
relative refractory period
27. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended
synapsis
subatomic particle
plasma
testosterone
28. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
lock and key theory
anaphase
peroxisomes
prokaryotes
29. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.
renal medulla
Muscle Tissue
alveoli
prophase I
30. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.
compounds
forces creating tertiary structure
Nucleotide
chymotrypsin
31. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase
Proteoglycan
gestation
Glycosylation
chief cells
32. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction
I band
endoskeleton
anterior pituitary
glycolysis
33. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell
actin
sucrase
structural proteins
ctive site
34. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra
anabolism
metaphase
proenzyme
globular protein
35. Carries blood from the internal Jugular to the right side of the heart
telophase I
proenzyme
supierior vena cava
ureter
36. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and
indeterminate cleavage
contraction period
lymphatic system
lacteals
37. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize
Eukaryotes
anterior pituitary
oxaloacetate
metaphase II
38. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)
microfilaments
supierior vena cava
axial skeleton
chorion
39. Stimulate production of platelets
alimentary canal
thrompoietin
spirometer
PGAL
40. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system
leukocytes
blastocoel
atrial natriuretic hormone
ectoderm
41. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function
mineralcorticoids
competitive inhibition
Nucleotide
villi
42. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
enterokinase
posterior pituitary
Denaturation
intron
43. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g
spongy bone
neurotransmitters
intracellular digestion
endothelial cell
44. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
luteal phase
sarcolemma
external nares
myosin binding sites
45. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously
spindle fibers
chaperonins
excretion
action potential
46. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose
epiphyseal plate
ovaries
diabetes mellitus
CNS
47. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.
Terpene
glucagon
cervix
Muscle Tissue
48. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.
insulin
fibrin
competitive inhibition
umbilical vein
49. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.
circadian rythms
trypsinogen
jejunum
blastulation
50. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen
acrosomal process
pyloric glands
white fibers
haversian canal