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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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2. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body






3. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






4. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta






5. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






6. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






7. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






8. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






9. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






10. A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously






11. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






12. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






13. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






14. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






15. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






16. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid






17. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






18. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






19. Veins in the neck that return blood from the head






20. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions






21. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary






22. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






23. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






24. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






25. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






26. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.






27. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






28. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






29. The period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division - typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions






30. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






31. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty






32. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






33. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






34. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






35. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






36. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin






37. Specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids






38. Tissue that connects bone to bone






39. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






40. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






41. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction






42. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






43. Secreted by the anterior pituitary. It is a general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size. It affects many tissues of the body; however its major effects are on the growth of muscle and the long bones of the body.






44. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






45. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






46. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






47. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






48. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






49. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






50. Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glyco