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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






2. Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored






3. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






4. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






5. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






6. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






7. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






8. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






9. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






10. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






11. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






12. A form of external male pseudohermaphroditism - characterized by the lack of androgen receptors in the external genitalia: these individuals have testes - but the body and the external genitalia are female. They typically have a rudimentary vagina -






13. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






14. Located in the centrosome area - and are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.






15. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






16. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






17. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






18. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






19. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






20. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






21. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric






22. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






23. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






24. Iron - containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells






25. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)






26. The organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation






27. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






28. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






29. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






30. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state






31. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






32. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






33. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






34. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






35. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






36. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






37. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






38. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.






39. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion






40. An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP as a result of a series of events that occur in and around a membrane. in prokaryotes it is in the cell membrane and in eukaryotes it is in the mitochondrial membrane






41. A hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed - A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration






42. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






43. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






44. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






45. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






46. The cluster of cells inside the blastocyst that eventually develops into the embryo and some of the membranes that surround a mammalian embryo and fetus.






47. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






48. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.






49. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






50. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions