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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






2. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






3. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






4. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






5. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






6. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






7. The protective skin pigment responsible for the tan - brown - or black color of human skin; produced in abundance upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation






8. An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) tha reducs surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together - thus reducing the effort re






9. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






10. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






11. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






12. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






13. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






14. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






15. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






16. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






17. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them






18. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






19. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






20. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.






21. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






22. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






23. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






24. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






25. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






26. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






27. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






28. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis






29. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.






30. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






31. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






32. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






33. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






34. Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function






35. The bonds between the phosphate groups






36. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






37. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






38. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles






39. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






40. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






41. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






42. Form gametes which combine to form zygotes that develope into more sporozoites






43. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






44. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






45. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine






46. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






47. Membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional






48. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.






49. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin






50. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.