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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.
endoplasmic reticulum
epiglottis
catabolism
metaphase I
2. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus
globular protein
endometrium
secondary active transport
centrisomes
3. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections
memory cell
forces creating tertiary structure
stratum lucidum
alpha amino acid
4. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
rRNA
neuromuscular junction
tendons
sympathetic nervous system
5. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta
salts
substrate level phosphorylation
negative pressure breathing
foramen ovale
6. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses
Chylomicrons
reticular fibers
spongy bone
obligate intracellular parasite
7. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line
hemophilia
S phase
abductor
metaphase II
8. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
diaphysis
exoskeleton
anaphase I
latent period
9. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.
rRNA
metaphase
sarcoplasm
exoskeleton
10. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric
renin angiotensin system
spindle apparatus
plasmid
G1 phase
11. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.
monocytes
cell division
immunoglobulins
HCl
12. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).
nephron
fight or flight response
enterogastrone
internal intercostal muscles
13. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.
heavy chains
semiautonomous
vacuole
chemoreceptors
14. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
notochord
CNS
islets of langerhans
frequency summation
15. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.
spermatids
side chain
microtubule
primary response
16. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I
chymotrypsinogen
allantois
angiotensin
blastocyst
17. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.
atrial natriuretic hormone
IgA
Proline
apoenzyme
18. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.
synaptic cleft
complementary pairing
aorta
Golgi apparatus
19. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.
allosteric modulator
citric acid cycle
parietal pleura
mitochondria
20. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl
coenzymes
erythrocytes
glucocorticoids
Glycolipids
21. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach
myosin
expiratory reserve volume
cardiac sphincter
peptide hormones
22. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)
allantois
chiasmata
IgE
chymotrypsinogen
23. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
binary fission
glyoxysomes
neural tube
NAD
24. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
epididymus
acrosome
acromegaly
obligate intracellular parasite
25. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp
bohr effect
gastric glands
circadian rythms
Proteoglycan
26. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell
cervix
T lymphocyte
trypsin
cell mediated immunity
27. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
seminal vesicles
Eicosanoid
chymotrypsin
lactic acid fermentation
28. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
spliceosome
translation
surfactant
simple diffusion
29. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula
atrial natriuretic hormone
deuterstomes
thromboplastin
DNA polymerase
30. Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; stroke volume x heart rate
cervix
islets of langerhans
fallopian tube
cardiac output
31. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
intracellular digestion
salts
relaxation period
enzyme
32. The opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge
desmosomes
oral cavity
flagella
cristae
33. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
amniotic fluid
dense connective tissue
anabolism
34. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone
ADH
diaphysis
globular protein
chief cells
35. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
Glycoproteins
umbilical vessels
troponin
hypertonic solution
36. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
cytokinesis
ATP synthetase
capillaries
diaphragm
37. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.
cortical reaction
immunoglobulin
snRNP
chymotrypsinogen
38. A stable complex of hemoglobin and carbon monoxide that prevents normal oxygen uptake in the blood.
B lymphocyte
binary fission
carboxyhemoglobin
white fibers
39. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.
spirometer
phagocytosis
Chylomicrons
second messenger
40. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins
chylomicrons
FAD
tRNA
arteries
41. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication
primary response
acrosome
plasmid
Receptors
42. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix
osteocytes
follicles
catabolism
induced fit model
43. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
adrenal glands
gamete
Primary structure
Cell membrane
44. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose
Passive immunity
anaphase I
diabetes mellitus
lymphatic system
45. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down
threshold value
route of blood flow
suppressor T cells
relaxation period
46. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone
endochondral ossification
melanocyte
autotrophic
arteries
47. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside
seminal fluid
external nares
PGAL
micelles
48. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule
passive diffusion
cristae
deuterstomes
stratum granulosum
49. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
aorta
flagella
aldosterone
epiphyses
50. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
cell division
negative pressure breathing
blastocoel
A band