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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






2. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






3. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






4. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.






5. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






6. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






7. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






8. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.






9. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






10. A physiologically inactive form of angiotensin that is the precursor to angiotensin II. ACE will convert it from I to 2.






11. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






12. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen - ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues






13. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






14. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






15. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






16. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid






17. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






18. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes






19. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types






20. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






21. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






22. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.






23. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






24. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






25. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






26. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






27. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






28. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






29. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






30. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones






31. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






32. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






33. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






34. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.






35. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






36. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






37. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






38. (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities






39. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






40. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






41. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






42. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






43. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






44. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






45. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






46. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






47. Found in the cytosol and contains - microfilaments - microtubules - and intermediate fibers. Gives the cell its shape and and anchor organelles. Functions in intracellular transport.






48. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






49. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






50. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.