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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
gap junction
alpha cells
chymotrypsin
respiratory center
2. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
cardiovascular system
prostaglandins
allosteric modulator
kinase
3. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
linked genes
umbilical vessels
ureter
lacunae
4. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.
alcohol fermentation
zona pellucida
Telophase
gap junction
5. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication
hepatic portal vein
plasmid
clot
secretion
6. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
sympathetic nervous system
antigen binding site
structural proteins
plasmid
7. Organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop
telomeres
thyroid gland
uterus
snRNP
8. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA
Nervous Tissue
filtration
snRNP
substrate
9. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
protostomes
hypodermis
glycolysis
absolute refractory period
10. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function
antigen
transcription
humoral immunity
allosteric inhibitor
11. Found in the cytosol and contains - microfilaments - microtubules - and intermediate fibers. Gives the cell its shape and and anchor organelles. Functions in intracellular transport.
hypothalamus
cytoskeleton
Nucleic acids
asters
12. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.
B cell
myosin binding sites
gluconeogenesis
hypodermis
13. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum
medulla oblongata
universal donor
spermatozoa
crossing over
14. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.
microfilaments
fibrinogen
hypertonic solution
catecholamines
15. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms
homeotherm
synovial capsule
seminiferous tubules
mRNA
16. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
high energy bonds
epidermis
basophils
ubiquinone
17. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
Glucose
coronary sinus
proteasomes
cilia
18. The external pouch that contains the testes
scrotum
canliculi
Nucleic acids
osteoblasts
19. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream
hemophilia
ed blood cells
apoptosis
testicular feminization
20. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody
vaginal canal
immunoglobulin
somatotropin
bulbourethral gland
21. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine
trypsin
ctive site
secondary oocytes
tetrad
22. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.
gamete
Primary structure
chorionic villi
side chain
23. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His
mucosa
insulin
cell cycle
atrioventricular node
24. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and
semilunar valve
amnion
alpha cells
amino acid derived hormones
25. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant
coronary arteries
osmotic pressure
prolactin
amnion
26. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy
mineralcorticoids
somatostatin
inhibiting hormones
competitive inhibition
27. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
acidosis
metabolism
bowmans capsule
regeneration
28. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
addison's disease
polar body
stratum basalis
relative refractory period
29. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum
thymosin
translation
intracellular digestion
gall bladder
30. Aid in expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity (internal intercostal muscles originate in the inferior rib and insert on the superior rib)
immovable joints
internal intercostal muscles
antigen binding site
diaphragm
31. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly
enzyme kinetics
hypothyroidism
electron transfer
negative pressure breathing
32. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
sucrase
aorta
FSH
corona radiata
33. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
glycolysis
plasma
peristalsis
first messengers
34. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism
AMP
target organs
induction
thermoregulation
35. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
Facilitated diffusion
creatine phosphate
ctive site
cardiovascular system
36. Development of the nervous system
parthogenesis
renal artery
neurulation
reticular layer
37. The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
lacunae
systole
crossing over
cecum
38. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re
buffers
thyroxine
erythrocytes
sarcomeres
39. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.
Glycosylation
adductor
enzyme
Glycoproteins
40. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter
excretion
thick filaments
circadian rythms
efferent arteriole
41. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
oogenesis
chymotrypsin
cilia
coronary veins
42. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta
expiratory reserve volume
route of blood flow
Unsaturated fatty acid
virus
43. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
alimentary canal
angiotensin I
papillary layer
carbonic anhydrase
44. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
luteal phase
neurulation
oxaloacetate
villi
45. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
respiratory center
secondary active transport
Hcg
Cell membrane
46. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus
umbilical cord
cretinism
angiotensin II
exocytosis
47. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
atria
Denaturation
IgG
erythroblastosis fetalis
48. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
bulbourethral gland
ductus venosus
end product inhibition
ectoderm
49. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
carbohydrate
compact bone
citric acid cycle
lymphokines
50. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
variable regions
vacuole
T cells
osmoregulation