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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






2. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium






3. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






4. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






5. Tissue that connects bone to bone






6. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






7. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






8. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






9. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






10. Generalized edema with accumulation of serum in subcutaneous connective tissue






11. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






12. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






13. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






14. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






15. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






16. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






17. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






18. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






19. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






20. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






21. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






22. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport






23. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






24. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA






25. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






26. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood






27. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






28. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






29. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






30. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






31. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






32. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






33. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






34. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






35. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






36. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






37. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






38. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






39. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






40. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






41. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






42. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






43. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






44. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






45. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






46. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






47. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






48. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






49. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






50. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus