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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






2. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).






3. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






4. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






5. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






6. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






7. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






8. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






9. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






10. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






11. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






12. 1) is the 2nd and deepest layer of the dermis. 2) Compose of Dense Irregular CT. 3) Contains interlacing Collagen and Elastic Fibers. 4) Is packed with oil glands - sweat gland ducts - fat - and hair follicles. 5) It provides strength - extensibility






13. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






14. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






15. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






16. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






17. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






18. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






19. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak






20. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






21. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






22. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






23. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






24. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






25. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






26. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix






27. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






28. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






29. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.






30. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






31. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity






32. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






33. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






34. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions






35. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






36. The maximum pressure that could develop in a solution when it is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane






37. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






38. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






39. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty






40. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






41. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






42. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






43. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.






44. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






45. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






46. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






47. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






48. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






49. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






50. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).