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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
Saturated fatty acids
light chains
Hydrogen Bond
chiasmata
2. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory
cortisol
chemoreceptors
seminal fluid
ductus arteriosus
3. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA
esophagus
cAMP
fallopian tube
dsRNA
4. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
inorganic phosphate
ejaculatory duct
fetal hemoglobin
hemophilia
5. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.
prophase I
fetal hemoglobin
Nucleotide
Carbohydrate
6. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli
parietal cells
prolactin
tonus
glyoxysomes
7. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration
immunoglobulin
lungs
fibrin
tidal volume
8. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
erythroblastosis fetalis
oxaloacetate
endoskeleton
renal medulla
9. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.
intron
light chains
fetal gas exchange
microbodies
10. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
intermediate filaments
blastocyst
amino acids
torpor
11. A hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed - A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration
external intercostal muscles
myoglobin
axial skeleton
facilitated diffusion
12. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.
myoglobin
PKU
A band
reticular layer
13. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly
complementary pairing
negative pressure breathing
endometrium
neuromuscular junction
14. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides
carboxypeptidase
renal cortex
umbilical chord
heart
15. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus
erythrocytes
chemiosmosis
rRNA
T lymphocyte
16. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
microbodies
GnRH
autolysis
17. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
enzyme substrate complex
respiratory center
diastole
desmosomes
18. A physiological reaction to threat that in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organisms for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) and enemy
anaphase
lymph
fight or flight response
synovial capsule
19. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix
Conjugated protein
NADH
bulbourethral gland
osteocytes
20. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
androgens
norepinephrine
prophase II
carboxyhemoglobin
21. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice
dermis
vulva
transcription
subatomic particle
22. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als
Phospholipid
microfilaments
flagella
goiter
23. A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - which help to arouse the body in times of stress.
fertilization membrane
meiosis
archenteron
adrenal glands
24. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
synapsis
cleavage
Hydrogen Bond
calvin cycle
25. The cluster of cells inside the blastocyst that eventually develops into the embryo and some of the membranes that surround a mammalian embryo and fetus.
amnion
phophodiesterase
inner cell mass
clot
26. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
thick filaments
Nervous Tissue
induced fit model
peroxisomes
27. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.
threshold value
epinephrine
bacteriophage
lipoprotein
28. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)
nuclear pore complex
myosin
macrophages
FMN
29. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.
platelets
Michaelis constant
blastulation
aldosterone
30. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.
G1 phase
epithelial tissue
S phase
small intestine
31. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
white fibers
Nucleic acids
cretinism
spirometer
32. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.
fetal gas exchange
LH
vasopressin
vital capacity
33. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a
macrophages
angiotensin I
fibroblasts
tRNA
34. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins
chromatin
peptide hormones
BNP
semilunar valve
35. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
synovial fluid
external intercostal muscles
Proline
red fibers
36. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
acidosis
afferent arteriole
blastocyst
TRH
37. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly
spirometer
autolysis
CRF
passive diffusion
38. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.
hypoglycemia
virus
proteome
countertransport
39. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
secretin
functional groups
glycolysis
emulsification
40. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
chymotrypsin
enterokinase
Dehydration synthesis
amino acids
41. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine
archenteron
pyruvate decarboxylation
ascending limb
oxidative phosphorylation
42. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
sinoatrial node
pancreas
dsRNA
thymosin
43. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus
synapsis
umbilical vein
all or none response
proximal convoluted tubule
44. Polar hormones incapable of permeating the cell membrane that bind to surface receptors and act through secondary messengers
oxytocin
cilia
z lines
peptide hormones
45. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.
reticular fibers
microvilli
substrate
neutrophils
46. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
enterokinase
Glycolipids
autonomic nervous system
secondary response
47. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
collecting duct
bone matrix
umbilical arteries
extensor muscle
48. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
chiasmata
first messengers
FAD
vasa recta
49. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.
cytotoxic T cells
spermatozoa
ascending limb
monocytes
50. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.
Terpene
Hcg
Proteoglycan
hypophyseal portal system