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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.
osteoblasts
alpha helix
hydroxyapatite crystals
bile
2. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient
papillary layer
bohr effect
target organs
simple diffusion
3. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak
respiratory surface
myosin
target organs
peptide bond
4. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists
PTH
high energy bonds
concentration gradient
autotrophic
5. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers
clot
dsRNA
concentration gradient
lipoprotein
6. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
anaphase
B cell
exocytosis
medulla oblongata
7. Generalized edema with accumulation of serum in subcutaneous connective tissue
torpor
anasarca
metabolism
cilia
8. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.
relaxation period
ascending limb
coenzymes
intron
9. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
enterogastrone
ejaculatory duct
renal medulla
enzyme kinetics
10. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.
anaphase
inorganic phosphate
frequency summation
ATPase
11. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea
pyrophosphate
bile
thrombin
NAD
12. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
stratum spinosum
carbohydrate
hypodermis
stratum lucidum
13. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base
thalamus
adductor
nucleotides
somatotropin
14. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin
functional groups
posterior pituitary
nuclear pore complex
gluconeogenesis
15. The influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells
scrotum
induction
cell adhesion proteins
pancreatic juice
16. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
CNS
cervix
chiasmata
plasmid
17. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
alimentary canal
parietal cells
secretion
basement membrane
18. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
androgens
amylose
chaperonins
lymph capillaries
19. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases
osteoporosis
pineal gland
cortisone
pancreatic juice
20. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.
endochondral ossification
blastulation
osmotic pressure
delta cells
21. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter
thick filaments
angiotensin
rRNA
lymphokines
22. A vessel in Which blood circulates
atrial natriuretic hormone
electron transfer
anaphase
blood vessel
23. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
cleavage
hromosome replication
heart rate
Solvation
24. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Michaelis constant
coenzymes
reabsorption
sympathetic nervous system
25. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
proton motive force
phophodiesterase
loop of henle
placenta
26. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
spermatids
exon
GnRH
thoracic cavity
27. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward
spermatids
osmolarity gradient
corticosteroids
peristalsis
28. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin
action potential
pineal gland
antigen binding site
elastic fibers
29. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.
forces creating tertiary structure
desmosomes
alimentary canal
inhibiting hormones
30. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water
chondrin
TCA cycle
renin
catabolism
31. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
addison's disease
end product inhibition
cytokinesis
cardiovascular system
32. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.
plasma
ovaries
activation energy
salts
33. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.
Connective tissue
vulva
thin filaments
ptyalin
34. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.
Hydrolysis
proton gradient
first messengers
Carbohydrate
35. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Protein
glycolysis
creatine phosphate
36. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce
lactic acid fermentation
first messengers
surfactant
dissociation curve
37. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
proenzyme
DNA polymerase
lymph capillaries
feedback inhibition
38. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma
PNS
Glycolipids
autoimmune response
B cell
39. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.
lower esophageal sphincter
expiratory reserve volume
Unsaturated fatty acid
light chains
40. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.
cell adhesion proteins
lipoprotein
scrotum
Hydrogen Bond
41. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
ACTH
mitochondria
high energy bonds
kinase
42. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - an acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
NADP
glycolysis
neural tube
ketoacidosis
43. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line
adductor
axial skeleton
archenteron
apoptosis
44. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
IgE
vaginal canal
G2 phase
yolk sac
45. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP
coronary sinus
glycolytic pathway
intrapleural space
cyanobacteria
46. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule
stratum granulosum
cytokinesis
simple diffusion
leukocytes
47. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
neutrophils
phophodiesterase
mitochondrial matrix
thrompoietin
48. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.
acrosomal process
ATP synthetase
spermatozoa
Passive immunity
49. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid
lower esophageal sphincter
releasing hormones
reticular layer
hydroxyapatite crystals
50. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells
prolactin
cervix
amino acids
prophase II