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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.
cytochromes
morula
secondary active transport
ectoderm
2. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)
chymotrypsinogen
motor neuron
hemoglobin
microtubule
3. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
adductor
mucous cells
spongy bone
sucrase
4. Polar hormones incapable of permeating the cell membrane that bind to surface receptors and act through secondary messengers
ejaculatory duct
asters
peptide hormones
ascending colon
5. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis
basement membrane
inflammatory response
homologous chromosomes
first messengers
6. Water passively moves out - esp - in hypertonic medulla. Deeper more hypertonic=more H2O absorbed by kidney.
endometrium
descending limb
T lymphocyte
route of blood flow
7. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th
bohr effect
determinate cleavage
atrioventricular valves
Cofactor
8. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells
concentration gradient
lymph
bone matrix
hepatic portal vein
9. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine
dinitrophenol
alveoli
ascending limb
peristalsis
10. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
3
Interphase
efferent arteriole
Nervous Tissue
11. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
white fibers
parietal pleura
sarcomeres
somatic nervous system
12. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...
loop of henle
myogenic activity
Cytochromes
lungs
13. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.
NADH
tidal volume
GH
binary fission
14. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta
hepatic portal vein
induced fit model
substrate level phosphorylation
plasmid
15. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.
gastrin
Hydrolysis
lacunae
inner cell mass
16. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
immune response
NAD
neurulation
cytokinesis
17. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
parietal pleura
Secondary structure
allosteric modulator
cartilage
18. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP
glycolytic pathway
Phospholipid
dinitrophenol
prostate gland
19. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses
intracellular digestion
urethra
capsid
obligate intracellular parasite
20. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
exoskeleton
acromegaly
thick filaments
cytosol
21. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe
cleavage
exon
quarternary structure
somatotropin
22. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract
interferons
extracellular digestion
adenylate cyclase
cytoskeleton
23. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
alpha cells
neurulation
pituitary gland
metaphase
24. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine
motor neuron
ubiquinone
trypsin
spirometer
25. Consists of layer of compact bone encloses in spongy bone at the ends of the long bones
bundle of his
epiphyses
macrophages
synovial capsule
26. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
skeletal muscle
alveoli
telomeres
hemophilia
27. Stimulate production of platelets
Prostaglandins
thrompoietin
alpha amino acid
spongy bone
28. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
G2 phase
flexor
NADP
cytochrome oxidase
29. Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings - DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.
dizygotic twins
antigen binding site
primary oocytes
pineal gland
30. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc
hypercapnia
gland cells
ketoacidosis
transcription
31. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones
erythroblastosis fetalis
spindle fibers
releasing hormones
oxidative phosphorylation
32. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
PNS
PKU
notochord
epiglottis
33. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules
alimentary canal
dsRNA
enzyme substrate complex
reversible reaction
34. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two
signal transduction
Eicosanoid
seminal fluid
Meiosis II
35. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals
myoglobin
Eukaryotes
PNS
spermatogenesis
36. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
anaphase
ureter
zymogen
fetus
37. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
acid
complementary pairing
bases
sister chromatids
38. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
Glucose
lymphatic system
ductus venosus
metaphase II
39. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
respiratory center
chorion
lactic acid fermentation
lymphokines
40. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
GH
coronary arteries
second messenger
thalamus
41. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells
end product inhibition
amylose
homeotherm
reticular fibers
42. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity
hypercapnia
histamine
chorionic villi
seminal fluid
43. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.
anaphase I
secondary response
macrophages
veins
44. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -
TSH
gastric glands
lock and key theory
enzyme
45. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone
tubulins
alpha amino acid
interstitial cells
external nares
46. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.
cytotoxic T cells
hypodermis
hydrogen bond
ketoacidosis
47. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
tetrad
troponin
end product inhibition
ketoacidosis
48. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become
peptide bond
bronchioles
receptor mediated endocytosis
glycolytic pathway
49. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
cardiovascular system
cytochromes
seminal fluid
osmoregulation
50. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.
coenzymes
pyruvate
mineralcorticoids
elastic fibers