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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






2. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






3. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






4. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






5. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






6. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






7. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






8. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






9. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






10. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






11. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






12. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






13. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






14. The passage to the stomach and lungs






15. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.






16. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






17. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






18. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






19. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






20. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






21. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






22. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






23. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






24. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






25. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






26. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.






27. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






28. Joint that allows range of movement






29. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.






30. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






31. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






32. Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone released from hypothalamus via hypophyseal porthole stimulates somatotropins in anterior pituitary to release GH






33. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






34. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






35. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






36. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






37. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






38. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






39. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






40. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty






41. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






42. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.






43. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






44. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






45. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






46. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA






47. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






48. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






49. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






50. Receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart