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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






2. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






3. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.






4. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






5. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






6. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






7. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






8. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






9. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






10. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






11. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






12. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






13. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






14. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






15. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






16. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






17. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






18. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






19. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






20. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






21. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






22. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






23. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






24. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






25. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






26. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






27. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






28. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






29. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P






30. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






31. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






32. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.






33. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






34. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






35. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






36. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






37. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






38. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






39. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells






40. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






41. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






42. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.






43. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin






44. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






45. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy






46. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






47. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






48. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak






49. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






50. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells