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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






2. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.






3. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation






4. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






5. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






6. The opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge






7. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






8. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






9. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp






10. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






11. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged






12. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






13. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






14. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






15. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.






16. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






17. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






18. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.






19. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.






20. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate






21. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






22. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






23. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






24. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.






25. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself






26. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






27. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






28. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.






29. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid






30. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






31. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






32. Lacking affinity for water






33. Protein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached - which can further attach to a long pollysaccharide (making a complex) are the major component of the extracellular matrix






34. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






35. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration






36. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






37. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






38. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly






39. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts






40. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells






41. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






42. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






43. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






44. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






45. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






46. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






47. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






48. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






49. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






50. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin