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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr
papillary layer
foramen ovale
microtubule
cortical sex hormones
2. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.
receptor mediated endocytosis
CNS
hypertonic solution
fetal hemoglobin
3. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
FMN
blastula
smooth ER
lacteals
4. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.
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5. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice
vulva
bile
Phospholipid
Carbohydrate
6. An antibody that is involved in hypersensitivity and allergies. For some reason the body makes this antibody instead of IgG/A
metaphase
IgE
glycolysis
thyroxine
7. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ
parietal cells
synaptic cleft
first messengers
osmotic pressure
8. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment
substrate
asters
semilunar valve
pyruvate decarboxylation
9. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
thalamus
releasing hormones
neurulation
induction
10. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
monozygotic twins
hyperthyroidism
skeletal muscle
cilia
11. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
Glycogen
FAD
osteons
jugular vein
12. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged
obligatory base pairing
thromboplastin
tidal volume
peroxisomes
13. Development of the nervous system
Haploid cell
sarcomeres
vas deferens
neurulation
14. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists
concentration gradient
spindle apparatus
Conjugated protein
lock and key theory
15. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity
meiosis
allosteric enzyme
epiglottis
cell mediated immunity
16. The protective skin pigment responsible for the tan - brown - or black color of human skin; produced in abundance upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation
acromegaly
torpor
thrompoietin
melanin
17. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state
snRNP
scrotum
neural crest
relative refractory period
18. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
intron
epiphyses
lacunae
carbohydrate
19. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections
intermediate filaments
thromboplastin
Lysosomes
memory cell
20. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix
lamellae
alpha cells
obligatory base pairing
microtubule
21. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra
structural proteins
larynx
globular protein
Rh factor
22. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.
neural folds
creatine phosphate
sarcolemma
pepsinogen
23. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
prophase
purkinje fibers
pineal gland
gall bladder
24. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters
allosteric modulator
nerve terminal
compact bone
nuclear pore complex
25. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.
intrapleural space
intermembrane space
spermatozoa
dissociation curve
26. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
FSH
actin
coronary veins
prophase
27. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.
Glycogen
Primary structure
Terpene
chemiosmosis
28. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
follicular phase
diaphysis
NADP
androgens
29. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward
peristalsis
endoderm
stratum basalis
cyanobacteria
30. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
adductor
alveoli
Michaelis constant
bases
31. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber
myosin
ETS
HCl
competitive inhibition
32. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)
neuromuscular junction
torpor
B lymphocyte
mitochondria
33. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia
synovial capsule
Osmosis
signal transduction
Rh factor
34. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
stratum spinosum
alcohol fermentation
ATP
veins
35. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
plasmids
hypertonic
thermoregulation
Unsaturated fatty acid
36. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
pancreas
sarcoplasm
hromosome replication
Dehydration synthesis
37. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
thyroxine
renal artery
histamine
osmolarity gradient
38. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.
actin
compounds
Binary fission
immunoglobulin
39. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
thick filaments
autonomic nervous system
substrate level phosphorylation
chaperonins
40. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors
concentration gradient
red fibers
gestation
Vmax
41. Lacking affinity for water
plasma cell
Hydrophobic
sister chromatids
thyroxine
42. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.
trypsinogen
pepsinogen
Chylomicrons
cytokinesis
43. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient
alpha amino acid
scrotum
ectoderm
cotransport
44. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication
ileum
plasmid
virus
telophase I
45. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum
autotrophic
gall bladder
spermatogenesis
pancreas
46. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions
homoeostasis
actin
melanin
dense connective tissue
47. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
metaphase II
medulla oblongata
synergistic muscle
cytochrome oxidase
48. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance
plasmids
z lines
action potential
prostaglandins
49. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme
Glycogen
lactic acid
atoms
nucleotides
50. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.
mucosa
granular leukocytes
FAD
actin