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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.






2. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -






3. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart






4. Small - elongated mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue just beneath the epicardium in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava - starts impulses






5. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended






6. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






7. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






8. The female reproductive cell






9. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium






10. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






11. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






12. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine






13. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood






14. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






15. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






16. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






17. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






18. Dynamic - temporary array of microtubules that moves chromosomes in precise directions during mitosis or meiosis.






19. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






20. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.






21. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






22. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






23. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






24. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






25. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






26. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






27. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood






28. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






29. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






30. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






31. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






32. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






33. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






34. A vessel in Which blood circulates






35. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






36. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






37. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






38. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






39. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






40. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






41. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






42. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






43. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






44. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






45. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






46. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






47. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.






48. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






49. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






50. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions