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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication
secretin
plasmid
hyperglycemia
regeneration
2. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.
gastric glands
semiautonomous
histamine
plasmid
3. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.
endocrine glands
islets of langerhans
relaxation period
A band
4. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
veins
spermatogonia
seminal vesicles
seminiferous tubules
5. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.
medulla oblongata
blastulation
parasympathetic nervous system
frequency summation
6. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.
substrate level phosphorylation
blastulation
carbohydrate
lock and key theory
7. A hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed - A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration
first messengers
appendicular skeleton
myoglobin
stroke volume
8. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
Telophase
internal intercostal muscles
corona radiata
spermatids
9. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.
ubiquinone
surfactant
CRF
vital capacity
10. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti
endothelial cell
epididymus
Prostaglandins
heart rate
11. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum
spermatozoa
PNS
anaphase I
umbilical vein
12. Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function
peristalsis
epiglottis
contraction period
dialysis
13. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.
primary spermatocytes
external intercostal muscles
dense connective tissue
IgA
14. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.
visceral pleura
CNS
chemiosmosis
oxygen debt
15. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
lower esophageal sphincter
Hcg
microbodies
gastrin
16. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Dehydration synthesis
cytokinesis
ADP
hyperthyroidism
17. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement
afferent arteriole
acrosome
flagella
diaphragm
18. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints
NAD
latent period
articular cartilage
carboxypeptidase
19. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range
coronary veins
ductus arteriosus
thermoregulation
prolactin
20. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals
bone matrix
kinase
chymotrypsin
acidosis
21. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f
alcohol fermentation
afferent arteriole
osteoclasts
ADH
22. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.
rRNA
fibrin
homeotherm
NADH
23. Condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia - tachycardia - goiter - and tumor
atoms
hyperthyroidism
tidal volume
myosin
24. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp
bohr effect
substrate level phosphorylation
thyroid gland
plasma cell
25. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus
allosteric activators
myogenic activity
amniotic fluid
collecting duct
26. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance
z lines
Mitotic phase
flexor
polar body
27. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.
elastic fibers
cortisol
Saturated fatty acids
lactase
28. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
chymotrypsin
stroke volume
motor neuron
forces creating tertiary structure
29. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.
Meiosis II
cytochrome oxidase
synovial capsule
subatomic particle
30. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response
bone remodeling
renal artery
antibody
exon
31. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)
tRNA
inorganic phosphate
somatostatin
Eicosanoid
32. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate
adenylate cyclase
osteons
spindle fibers
primary oocytes
33. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body
hypodermis
autoimmune response
arteries
passive diffusion
34. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.
monozygotic twins
substrate
secondary response
cecum
35. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
blastulation
efferent arteriole
testicular feminization
haversian canal
36. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta
carbohydrate
chemiosmosis
route of blood flow
allosteric modulator
37. The part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon
ascending colon
allosteric activators
effector cell
HRH
38. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue
bone resorption
macrophages
exocrine glands
flagella
39. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists
concentration gradient
diabetes mellitus
second messenger
neural tube
40. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).
thermoregulation
antigen binding site
lipoprotein
yellow marrow
41. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion
osteoporosis
hypothalamus
T cells
composite cell
42. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose
circadian rythms
nerve terminal
endochondral ossification
diabetes mellitus
43. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
somatic cell
oxaloacetate
adrenal cortex
simple diffusion
44. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
epiglottis
regulator
cardiac muscle
Denaturation
45. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid
chyme
deamination
granular leukocytes
chondrocytes
46. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
inflammatory response
ctive site
reticular fibers
afferent arteriole
47. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
osteoporosis
tonus
papillary layer
48. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH
chymotrypsinogen
lymphatic system
all or none response
buffers
49. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously
chaperonins
TCA cycle
fetal gas exchange
gland cells
50. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
Michaelis constant
insulin
thalamus
ketoacidosis