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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






2. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






3. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






4. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






5. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






6. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






7. Tissue that connects muscle to bone






8. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






9. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






10. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






11. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






12. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






13. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






14. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






15. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






16. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






17. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






18. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.






19. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






20. A physiologically inactive form of angiotensin that is the precursor to angiotensin II. ACE will convert it from I to 2.






21. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






22. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.






23. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






24. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






25. New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis






26. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






27. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






28. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






29. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






30. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






31. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






32. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






33. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.






34. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






35. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin






36. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






37. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






38. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






39. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell






40. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.






41. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






42. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






43. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






44. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






45. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






46. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






47. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






48. Space between bones






49. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






50. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein