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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






2. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules






3. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






4. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






5. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






6. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






7. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.






8. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






9. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.






10. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






11. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






12. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen






13. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






14. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






15. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






16. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion






17. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






18. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.






19. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin






20. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






21. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






22. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






23. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.






24. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






25. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






26. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






27. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






28. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






29. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.






30. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






31. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






32. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






33. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






34. (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities






35. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






36. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






37. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






38. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction






39. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






40. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein






41. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






42. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






43. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






44. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






45. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






46. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






47. The external pouch that contains the testes






48. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.






49. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






50. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide