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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord
hypothyroidism
epiphyses
motor neuron
plasma
2. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles
inorganic phosphate
competitive inhibition
Secondary structure
endoplasmic reticulum
3. Membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional
IgM
cartilage
Protein
yolk sac
4. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo
adrenal cortex
pineal gland
nucleolus
monozygotic twins
5. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.
chiasmata
asters
Facilitated diffusion
renin
6. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation
neural tube
fallopian tube
endochondral ossification
melanocyte
7. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water
diaphragm
chondrin
esophagus
stroke volume
8. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
synapse
intron
ADP
coronary sinus
9. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.
tetanus
enzyme substrate complex
fetal gas exchange
target organs
10. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car
allosteric activators
Glycogen
somatic nervous system
TCA cycle
11. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.
dense connective tissue
glycolysis
helper T cells
light chains
12. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and
collecting duct
cytosol
amphipathic
distal convoluted tubule
13. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
proton gradient
hemophilia
androgens
torpor
14. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts
polar body
immune system
endoderm
pyruvate decarboxylation
15. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
pancreas
notochord
Proline
IgM
16. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse
enzyme kinetics
amino acids
cardiac muscle
amnion
17. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
renin
salts
interphase
external intercostal muscles
18. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule
intermembrane space
epiglottis
intron
stratum granulosum
19. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
pituitary gland
excretion
adductor
immunoglobulin
20. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr
intrapleural space
spindle apparatus
catecholamines
hypothyroidism
21. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.
arteries
blastulation
haversian systems
hydrogen bond
22. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle
movable joints
synovial fluid
coronary arteries
osmoregulation
23. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.
Glycosylation
pyloric glands
urethra
catabolism
24. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.
cyanobacteria
inhibiting hormones
bacteriophage
Terpene
25. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton
bacteriophage
carboxyhemoglobin
striated muscle
humoral immunity
26. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
intracellular digestion
expiratory reserve volume
DNA polymerase
autoimmune response
27. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions
chaperones
subatomic particle
plasmids
homologous chromosomes
28. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli
lipases
pancreas
articular cartilage
nucleolus
29. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity
erythrocytes
telophase I
primary oocytes
seminal fluid
30. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy
parasympathetic nervous system
Hcg
immune system
thyroxine
31. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins
somatic nervous system
atoms
interphase
ATP synthetase
32. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce
somatostatin
blood vessel
amnion
lactic acid fermentation
33. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation
cAMP
glucocorticoids
trophoblast
microfilaments
34. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
primary spermatocytes
villi
Unsaturated fatty acid
hydroxyapatite crystals
35. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins
endoskeleton
carboxypeptidase
semilunar valve
ADH
36. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate
potential osmotic pressure
H band
emulsification
specific defense mechanism
37. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and
Phospholipid bilayer
amino acid derived hormones
osteoclasts
mesoderm
38. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles
mesenchyme
loose connective tissue
corona radiata
synaptic bouton
39. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
Primary structure
endoderm
intermediate filaments
Glycosylation
40. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
troponin
translation
basophils
41. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.
secondary spermatocytes
micelles
anaphase
polar body
42. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.
Golgi apparatus
renal medulla
ureter
atrial natriuretic hormone
43. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system
intermediate filaments
renin angiotensin system
mesoderm
sarcoplasm
44. The passage to the stomach and lungs
tarch
lungs
GnRH
pharynx
45. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
ejaculatory duct
tonus
skeletal muscle
Nucleotide
46. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
amylose
Muscle Tissue
oral cavity
reversible reaction
47. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA
subatomic particle
canliculi
GnRH
RNAi
48. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
anaphase
cotransport
acrosome
hepatic portal vein
49. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.
gastric glands
synovial capsule
thermoregulation
mRNA
50. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
dense connective tissue
cardiac output
torpor
prostate gland