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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A physiological reaction to threat that in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organisms for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) and enemy






2. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






3. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






4. The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules






5. Protein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached - which can further attach to a long pollysaccharide (making a complex) are the major component of the extracellular matrix






6. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






7. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






8. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






9. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






10. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






11. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






12. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






13. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






14. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






15. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






16. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






17. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






18. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






19. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






20. When the chromosomes replicate






21. Tissue that connects bone to bone






22. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






23. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






24. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






25. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






26. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.






27. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






28. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.






29. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane






30. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






31. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.






32. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






33. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






34. Attracts a solute molecule to a binding site






35. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






36. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






37. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






38. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






39. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






40. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






41. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






42. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






43. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






44. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis






45. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






46. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






47. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






48. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






49. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






50. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.