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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






2. The part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum






3. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base






4. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






5. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr






6. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






7. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






8. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






9. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






10. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






11. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






12. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






13. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.






14. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood






15. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






16. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






17. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






18. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






19. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus






20. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors






21. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






22. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






23. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.






24. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart






25. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






26. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






27. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






28. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






29. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






30. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems






31. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






32. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






33. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations






34. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






35. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






36. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






37. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






38. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.






39. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






40. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






41. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






42. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






43. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






44. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I






45. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules






46. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






47. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






48. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






49. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






50. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state