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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






2. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






3. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






4. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.






5. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






6. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






7. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.






8. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus






9. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






10. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






11. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing






12. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.






13. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin






14. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






15. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






16. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






17. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract






18. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






19. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






20. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.






21. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






22. The external pouch that contains the testes






23. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






24. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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25. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






26. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






27. The female reproductive cell






28. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






29. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






30. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






31. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






32. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






33. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






34. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints






35. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






36. A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously






37. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






38. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






39. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






40. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






41. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






42. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






43. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.






44. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






45. Stimulate production of platelets






46. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






47. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA






48. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






49. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems






50. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.