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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






2. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






3. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






4. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






5. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






6. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






7. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






8. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






9. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






10. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






11. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






12. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






13. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






14. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






15. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell






16. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






17. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation






18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






19. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






20. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates






21. Pressure that has already developed in a solution due to osmosis.






22. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together






23. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






24. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






25. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






26. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.






27. Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored






28. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin






29. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






30. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






31. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity






32. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction






33. The external pouch that contains the testes






34. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






35. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






36. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






37. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






38. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






39. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream






40. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






41. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






42. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






43. Space between bones






44. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






45. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






46. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






47. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.






48. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






49. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






50. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.