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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






2. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






3. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.






4. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid






5. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






6. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






7. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






8. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






9. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






10. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells






11. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.






12. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






13. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






14. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






15. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






16. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






17. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






18. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






19. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.






20. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






21. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






22. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport






23. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






24. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






25. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






26. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






27. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.






28. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






29. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine






30. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






31. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






32. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.






33. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






34. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






35. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






36. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






37. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






38. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






39. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






40. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers






41. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






42. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






43. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium






44. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






45. Tissue that connects bone to bone






46. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






47. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






48. A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - which help to arouse the body in times of stress.






49. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






50. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body