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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints






2. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate






3. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






4. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






5. Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function






6. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.






7. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.






8. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.






9. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






10. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






11. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






12. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






13. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






14. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






15. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






16. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






17. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






18. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






19. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






20. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






21. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






22. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






23. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






24. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






25. The bonds between the phosphate groups






26. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






27. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






28. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






29. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






30. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






31. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.






32. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






33. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric






34. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






35. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






36. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






37. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






38. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






39. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.






40. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






41. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






42. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






43. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






44. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.






45. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






46. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






47. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.






48. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






49. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






50. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.