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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






2. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






3. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions






4. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






5. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






6. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






7. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






8. Joint that allows range of movement






9. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






10. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






11. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






12. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






13. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






14. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






15. During this time - calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum - myosin - binding sites are covered by tropomyosin - myosin heads detach from actin - and tension in the muscle fiber decreases






16. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






17. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






18. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






19. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






20. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






21. Bone forming cells






22. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






23. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






24. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






25. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






26. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






27. A semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum






28. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion






29. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His






30. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






31. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






32. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






33. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.






34. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I






35. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






36. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






37. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






38. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






39. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






40. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






41. Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glyco






42. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself






43. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






44. (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number






45. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






46. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






47. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle






48. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






49. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






50. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder