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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






2. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






3. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






4. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






5. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






6. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies






7. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.






8. Bean - shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation






9. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






10. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






11. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream






12. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






13. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






14. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






15. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






16. The female reproductive cell






17. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






18. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






19. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






20. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).






21. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






22. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






23. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






24. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






25. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.






26. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






27. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






28. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






29. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






30. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart






31. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.






32. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






33. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






34. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints






35. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






36. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






37. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.






38. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






39. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






40. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






41. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium






42. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






43. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






44. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






45. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






46. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






47. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






48. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak






49. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P






50. Tissue that connects muscle to bone







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