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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes
flagella
filtration
corona radiata
haversian systems
2. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules
HCl
enzyme substrate complex
induction
compounds
3. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.
forces creating tertiary structure
emulsification
axial skeleton
testes
4. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr
Steroids
Cytochromes
mesenchyme
alveoli
5. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA
osteoporosis
immunoglobulins
aldosterone
dsRNA
6. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
torpor
metaphase II
expiratory reserve volume
IgD
7. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.
neural tube
cytochrome oxidase
adductor
Receptors
8. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
filtration
motor neuron
troponin
atrioventricular valves
9. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.
prophase I
lipoprotein
Facilitated diffusion
coronary sinus
10. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory
Hcg
functional groups
centrioles
cortisol
11. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.
glycolysis
gap junction
coenzymes
endochondral ossification
12. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen
fermentation
enzyme
alpha helix
apoptosis
13. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
Meiosis II
zona pellucida
ectoderm
endochondral ossification
14. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity
anaphase I
hepatic portal vein
external intercostal muscles
Eukaryotes
15. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti
pyloric sphincter
ductus venosus
zymogen
Prostaglandins
16. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion
neurulation
HCl
mesoderm
thalamus
17. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
compact bone
synovial capsule
CCK
peroxisomes
18. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.
thoracic cavity
Golgi apparatus
intermembrane space
lymphocytes
19. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin
respiratory surface
blastulation
pineal gland
oxygen debt
20. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.
effector cell
frequency summation
genetic recombination
synovial capsule
21. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria
tetanus
globular protein
stratum basalis
hemoglobin
22. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual
endometrium
follicular phase
fibrinogen
addison's disease
23. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.
basophils
holoenzyme
side chain
coronary veins
24. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse
fibroblasts
end product inhibition
pyrophosphate
cardiac muscle
25. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli
articular cavity
somatotropin
lipases
afferent arteriole
26. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
anaphase
nerve terminal
axial skeleton
ptyalin
27. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
autolysis
veins
CRF
Cellulose
28. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
ATP synthetase
total lung capacity
prolactin
DNA polymerase
29. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.
GnRH
adrenal cortex
pancreatic juice
metaphase
30. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.
mesenchyme
carbohydrate
heart rate
inhibiting hormones
31. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
simple diffusion
hypophyseal portal system
tropomyosin
hypertonic
32. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.
sucrase
trophoblast
lacunae
bundle of his
33. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.
immune system
sarcolemma
Golgi apparatus
secondary response
34. (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
notochord
genetic recombination
centrisomes
diaphragm
35. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Hcg
dermis
RNAi
prostate gland
36. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood
cell division
torpor
alpha cells
G2 phase
37. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
salts
Phospholipid
gastrin
universal donor
38. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction
reticular layer
mineralcorticoids
allosteric modulator
anterior pituitary
39. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.
androgens
ureter
Binary fission
fibrin
40. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein
allosteric modulator
granular leukocytes
intron
Mitotic phase
41. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula
allantois
obligatory base pairing
deuterstomes
hypodermis
42. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid
oxidative phosphorylation
canliculi
allosteric activators
deamination
43. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
actin
prophase
induced fit model
cardiovascular system
44. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter
ectoderm
ovaries
prophase
thick filaments
45. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions
autotrophic
prosthetic group
Dehydration synthesis
plasmids
46. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
receptor mediated endocytosis
chemiosmosis
oncotic pressure
calvin cycle
47. The external pouch that contains the testes
Glycolipids
scrotum
Secondary structure
deamination
48. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.
Terpene
LH
virus
secondary active transport
49. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.
excretion
disulfide linkages
aorta
mitochondrial matrix
50. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
Cytochromes
diaphysis
hydroxyapatite crystals
basement membrane