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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






2. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






3. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






4. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






5. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum






6. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






7. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






8. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






9. When the chromosomes replicate






10. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






11. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






12. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






13. (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number






14. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






15. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






16. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






17. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






18. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






19. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






20. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






21. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






22. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






23. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.






24. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






25. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






26. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.






27. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






28. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






29. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






30. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






31. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.






32. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






33. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






34. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






35. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






36. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA






37. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






38. Form gametes which combine to form zygotes that develope into more sporozoites






39. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






40. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






41. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.






42. Body cell; no egg or sperm






43. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






44. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an






45. The class of immunoglobulin having






46. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






47. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






48. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






49. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






50. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.