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MCAT Biology 2
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.
centrisomes
Primary structure
induction
Michaelis constant
2. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
neural folds
PTH
telophase I
chorionic villi
3. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b
passive diffusion
osteons
Lysosomes
allantois
4. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
fight or flight response
immune response
maltase
crossing over
5. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types
morula
composite cell
pepsinogen
emulsification
6. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose
compounds
diabetes mellitus
cleavage
heavy chains
7. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
coenzymes
prophase
Glycogen
nerve terminal
8. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients
small intestine
follicular phase
scrotum
ketoacidosis
9. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.
Nucleic acids
ADH
enzyme kinetics
anaphase
10. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue
gland cells
papillary layer
Protein
signal transduction
11. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
fermentation
endochondral ossification
neural tube
tropomyosin
12. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line
prokaryotes
B cell
osmotic pressure
adductor
13. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates
eosinophils
fight or flight response
stratum spinosum
oral cavity
14. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins
carboxypeptidase
osteoporosis
citric acid cycle
interphase
15. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
kinase
intramembranous ossification
interphase
aldosterone
16. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
gestation
myoglobin
elastic fibers
skeletal muscle
17. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
nuclear pore complex
carboxypeptidase
anaphase
hemophilia
18. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH
capillaries
GnRH
thyroxine
zona pellucida
19. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
peroxisomes
regeneration
telomeres
microbodies
20. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
Nucleotide
haversian systems
amylopectin
ovum
21. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body
microvilli
gland cells
lactase
inflammatory response
22. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing
epididymus
microfilaments
androgens
oxytocin
23. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent
cortisone
synaptic cleft
bases
atrioventricular valves
24. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.
adenylate cyclase
flagella
bile
renal cortex
25. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
Secondary structure
Muscle Tissue
B lymphocyte
Saturated fatty acids
26. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant
prolactin
parasympathetic nervous system
structural proteins
actin
27. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell
uterus
membrane carrier
anaphase II
bacteriophage
28. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
ATP synthetase
stroke volume
catabolism
Unsaturated fatty acid
29. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re
tonus
decomposition reaction
sarcomeres
melanin
30. Dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling due to internal and external forces - weight bearing and muscle contraction encourages stronger bone - limited or non - weight bearing and bed rest decrease bone strength
primary spermatocytes
obligate intracellular parasite
bone remodeling
seminal vesicles
31. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.
fibroblasts
sarcoplasm
Cellulose
Nervous Tissue
32. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
Primary structure
loose connective tissue
neurulation
hyperglycemia
33. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
CRF
stratum basalis
chiasmata
Bacteria
34. Polar hormones incapable of permeating the cell membrane that bind to surface receptors and act through secondary messengers
lymphocytes
cytochrome oxidase
Hcg
peptide hormones
35. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
afferent arteriole
adenylate cyclase
hromosome replication
cell adhesion proteins
36. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
intermediate filaments
DNA polymerase
islets of langerhans
carbonic anhydrase
37. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
intron
FAD
coronary veins
fetal hemoglobin
38. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
PGAL
allosteric effector
internal intercostal muscles
systole
39. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond
yellow marrow
hydrogen bond
route of blood flow
oogenesis
40. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.
passive diffusion
placenta
essential amino acids
osmotic pressure
41. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.
apoenzyme
caveolae
transcription
urethra
42. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
dinitrophenol
synapsis
corona radiata
anaphase
43. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
acromegaly
notochord
striated muscle
CNS
44. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
epiglottis
oxytocin
thin filaments
lacunae
45. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
electrolytes
endothelial cell
Glucose
Cell membrane
46. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity
parasympathetic nervous system
hydroxyapatite crystals
Mitotic phase
allosteric enzyme
47. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.
platelets
collagenous fibers
histamine
reticular layer
48. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.
ADH
lymphatic system
Glycolipids
light chains
49. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.
enzyme kinetics
fetus
allosteric modulator
lactase
50. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
ptyalin
metaphase
oxidative phosphorylation
second messenger
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