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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






2. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






3. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.






4. Covalent bond formed between amino acids






5. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






6. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






7. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






8. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






9. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






10. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






11. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






12. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells






13. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






14. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






15. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor






16. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






17. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






18. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






19. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






20. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






21. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






22. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






23. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.






24. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






25. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






26. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






27. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






28. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






29. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






30. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






31. Veins in the neck that return blood from the head






32. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.






33. The passage to the stomach and lungs






34. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






35. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






36. A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to low pH (e.g. - from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to act as a buffer.






37. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






38. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






39. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.






40. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an






41. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






42. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






43. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






44. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






45. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






46. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






47. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






48. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






49. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






50. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint