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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






2. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






3. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






4. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






5. 1) is the 2nd and deepest layer of the dermis. 2) Compose of Dense Irregular CT. 3) Contains interlacing Collagen and Elastic Fibers. 4) Is packed with oil glands - sweat gland ducts - fat - and hair follicles. 5) It provides strength - extensibility






6. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






7. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






8. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium






9. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






10. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






11. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






12. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






13. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






14. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






15. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






16. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






17. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






18. Stimulate production of platelets






19. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






20. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






21. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






22. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






23. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






24. Immunoglobulin. Less than 3%. Found only as a receptor on B cell membrane - Doesn't allow antigens to get into the body - Not secreted - stays attached to B cell






25. Condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia - tachycardia - goiter - and tumor






26. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






27. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






28. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






29. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






30. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid






31. A mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera






32. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood






33. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






34. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






35. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






36. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






37. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






38. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






39. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






40. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.






41. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus






42. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






43. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






44. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






45. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






46. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis






47. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract






48. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






49. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






50. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra