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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






2. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






3. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






4. Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored






5. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






6. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.






7. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






8. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






9. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






10. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






11. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






12. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






13. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles






14. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor






15. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






16. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.






17. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






18. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






19. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation






20. Hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells






21. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






22. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






23. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






24. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






25. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






26. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






27. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together






28. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






29. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






30. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






31. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






32. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






33. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract






34. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.






35. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






36. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






37. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






38. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






39. The organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation






40. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).






41. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






42. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






43. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.






44. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






45. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






46. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






47. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






48. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






49. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






50. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -