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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bean - shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation
larynx
diaphysis
lymph nodes
stroke volume
2. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
androgens
obligate intracellular parasite
osteocytes
dinitrophenol
3. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone
interstitial cells
plasmids
adrenal cortex
pancreatic juice
4. The female reproductive cell
simple diffusion
ovum
vulva
fallopian tube
5. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
extensor muscle
sarcomeres
NADH
centrioles
6. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become
countertransport
telophase II
secretion
bronchioles
7. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form
contraction period
helper T cells
Prostaglandins
somatic cell
8. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed
tendons
bowmans capsule
myosin
high energy bonds
9. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products
bone matrix
umbilical chord
glycolytic pathway
hydrostatic pressure
10. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.
enzyme
myoglobin
nerve terminal
bundle of his
11. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of
melanin
prokaryotes
parietal cells
passive diffusion
12. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.
receptor mediated endocytosis
Interphase
universal donor
maltase
13. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)
basophils
high energy bonds
ptyalin
relative refractory period
14. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.
Hydrogen Bond
phophodiesterase
vasopressin
ovum
15. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.
cortical reaction
Connective tissue
noncompetitive inhibition
troponin
16. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA
ureter
somatic nervous system
anasarca
complementary pairing
17. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula
secondary spermatocytes
respiratory center
hypothyroidism
deuterstomes
18. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone
pyloric glands
axial skeleton
synovial fluid
glyoxysomes
19. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
cecum
FMN
somatostatin
flexor
20. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus
hemophilia
nucleolus
synergistic muscle
microtubule
21. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone
placenta
calcitonin
action potential
ATP synthetase
22. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood
prothrombin
prokaryotes
Meiosis II
myofibrils
23. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ
gall bladder
hypercapnia
hepatic portal vein
cretinism
24. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta
catabolism
portal systems
route of blood flow
receptor mediated endocytosis
25. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
loop of henle
vacuole
Nucleotide
dermis
26. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
Receptors
movable joints
forces creating tertiary structure
cytokinesis
27. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
Dehydration synthesis
actin
cretinism
hypertonic
28. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
universal donor
metaphase
troponin
PKU
29. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.
catecholamines
Fatty acids
epinephrine
allosteric activators
30. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum
Active immunity
fight or flight response
trypsinogen
lipases
31. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood
beta cells
umbilical chord
blastocyst
lamellae
32. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce
oncotic pressure
allosteric modulator
AMP
pyruvate decarboxylation
33. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH
allantois
lymph nodes
GnRH
mitochondria
34. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
autoimmune response
pancreas
immune system
notochord
35. An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
monocytes
pharynx
NADH
interferons
36. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
salts
glycolysis
inner cell mass
spongy bone
37. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.
stratum granulosum
NADH
lipoprotein
GH
38. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta
immune system
osmoregulation
chymotrypsin
substrate level phosphorylation
39. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists
synapsis
concentration gradient
medulla oblongata
basophils
40. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.
tonus
islets of langerhans
secondary spermatocytes
umbilical vein
41. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
reabsorption
gastrin
PNS
phagocytosis
42. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
interferons
Denaturation
hypertonic solution
basophils
43. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response
stratum granulosum
antibody
chemiosmosis
Nucleoid region
44. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.
cristae
light chains
spirometer
intramembranous ossification
45. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
Conjugated protein
proenzyme
cytokinesis
maltase
46. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
immovable joints
gap junction
intracellular digestion
citric acid cycle
47. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.
apoenzyme
tarch
notochord
Mitotic phase
48. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.
passive diffusion
cleavage
gap junction
testosterone
49. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes
vital capacity
corona radiata
forces creating tertiary structure
ductus venosus
50. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.
ascending limb
mesenchyme
umbilical arteries
bacteriophage