SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
budding
I band
thymosin
pyrophosphate
2. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
gastric glands
primary response
stratum corneum
mucous cells
3. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
translation
disulfide linkages
bundle of his
bile
4. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
second messenger
lactic acid
testes
Hcg
5. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream
mucous cells
chiasmata
loop of henle
myosin
6. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
adductor
delta cells
respiratory center
primary oocytes
7. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure
nuclear pore complex
ANS
synovial capsule
BNP
8. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy
hypertonic
mineralcorticoids
hypophyseal portal system
RNAi
9. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.
thyroid gland
loose connective tissue
umbilical vein
mitochondrial matrix
10. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual
citric acid cycle
Cell membrane
follicular phase
platelets
11. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet
hypoglycemia
supierior vena cava
testosterone
z lines
12. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g
neurotransmitters
glucagon
follicles
Cytochromes
13. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line
osteoclasts
fermentation
lamellae
abductor
14. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.
yolk sac
rRNA
urethra
budding
15. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries
capillaries
primary spermatocytes
gall bladder
proteasomes
16. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.
secondary oocytes
lymphokines
neural tube
lower esophageal sphincter
17. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
larynx
releasing hormones
movable joints
testosterone
18. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.
norepinephrine
Terpene
high energy bonds
eosinophils
19. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down
cilia
mesenchyme
oxidation
suppressor T cells
20. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types
universal donor
hypoglycemia
prophase
primary oocytes
21. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice
Michaelis constant
testosterone
vulva
Rh factor
22. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.
ADH
umbilical vessels
regulator
synovial capsule
23. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
cancellous bone
mitral valve
hypercapnia
Unsaturated fatty acid
24. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -
morula
gamete
TSH
osmoregulation
25. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints
cardiovascular system
articular cartilage
ductus arteriosus
archenteron
26. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.
riacylglycerols
vasopressin
veins
allosteric enzyme
27. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
regeneration
pancreas
Facilitated diffusion
ctive site
28. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.
globular protein
lactic acid fermentation
elastic fibers
peptide hormones
29. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.
erythroblastosis fetalis
Cellulose
somatic nervous system
hypophyseal portal system
30. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range
Steroids
glyoxysomes
gall bladder
thermoregulation
31. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids
stratum granulosum
sertoli cells
thalamus
addison's disease
32. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
blastocyst
pyloric glands
Saturated fatty acids
oxidation
33. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl
glucocorticoids
cascade effect
ATPase
internal intercostal muscles
34. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and
Hydrogen Bond
cervix
proximal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule
35. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.
neutrophils
aorta
renal vein
Vmax
36. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
osmoregulation
uterus
nephron
metabolism
37. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
somatotropin
ANS
telophase II
motor neuron
38. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe
chemiosmosis
regulator
quarternary structure
acidosis
39. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium
coronary sinus
Solvation
chemoreceptors
acrosomal process
40. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
Binary fission
prostaglandins
osmoregulation
cancellous bone
41. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.
Nucleic acids
dsRNA
3
nuclear pore complex
42. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.
diaphragm
Golgi apparatus
Primary structure
spermatids
43. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.
macrophages
cAMP
gap junction
circadian rythms
44. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage
tendons
endoskeleton
stratum basalis
essential amino acids
45. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.
competitive inhibition
Glycoproteins
gametocytes
side chain
46. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
obligatory base pairing
leukocytes
cretinism
actin
47. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
leukocytes
spermatids
antigen
synapsis
48. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
salts
epidermis
peptidases
proton gradient
49. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.
addison's disease
acromegaly
Hydrolysis
corticosteroids
50. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.
bacteriophage
high energy bonds
noncompetitive inhibition
prostaglandins