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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.
myosin
bacteriophage
synaptic bouton
hypothyroidism
2. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations
Meiosis II
ACTH
frequency summation
peristalsis
3. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together
inflammatory response
immovable joints
Michaelis constant
pancreatic juice
4. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
reticular layer
peptide bond
collagen
lacunae
5. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach
nonspecific defense mechanism
cardiac sphincter
secondary oocytes
chief cells
6. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
red fibers
heart
enterokinase
holoenzyme
7. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
ectoderm
catecholamines
creatine phosphate
hypodermis
8. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.
microbodies
maltase
specific defense mechanism
insulin
9. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP
glycolytic pathway
spliceosome
afferent arteriole
adrenal cortex
10. Consists of layer of compact bone encloses in spongy bone at the ends of the long bones
epiphyses
synapse
hyperthyroidism
synapsis
11. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates
lipoprotein
eosinophils
bone matrix
concentration gradient
12. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
catecholamines
determinate cleavage
feedback inhibition
activation energy
13. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
thalamus
appendicular skeleton
lactic acid fermentation
red marrow
14. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.
Glucose
mucous cells
anaphase
chyme
15. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response
bronchioles
3
antibody
homologous chromosomes
16. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.
spermatogonia
lymph
renin
Glycoproteins
17. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
capillaries
gestation
neural crest
autotrophic
18. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
glycolysis
Denaturation
visceral pleura
PTH
19. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.
vital capacity
sarcoplasmic reticulum
dizygotic twins
proteome
20. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce
pyruvate decarboxylation
Interphase
spermatids
functional groups
21. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine
spermatogenesis
ligaments
Active immunity
Glycogen
22. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
endometrium
prothrombin
cristae
atrial natriuretic hormone
23. Body cell; no egg or sperm
tendons
autosomal cell
IgD
ATP synthetase
24. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them
gastrin
globular protein
renal cortex
spermatids
25. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile
Eukaryotes
distal convoluted tubule
CCK
amino acid residue
26. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and
pyloric glands
amino acid derived hormones
amniotic fluid
neural tube
27. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient
osteoblasts
simple diffusion
epiphyses
foramen ovale
28. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin
pineal gland
TSH
haversian canal
amylose
29. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside
amphipathic
micelles
uterus
metaphase II
30. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize
vulva
Eukaryotes
dense connective tissue
regulator
31. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
supierior vena cava
lactic acid fermentation
ketoacidosis
all or none response
32. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
tarch
enterogastrone
spirometer
transcription
33. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
hemophilia
Cofactor
trachea
G1 phase
34. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.
cristae
centrisomes
TRH
fetus
35. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
rRNA
osteoclasts
specific defense mechanism
actin
36. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor
first messengers
passive diffusion
emulsification
epiphyses
37. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day
luteal phase
Conjugated protein
meiosis
restriction point
38. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a
elastic fibers
somatic cell
potential osmotic pressure
tRNA
39. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.
synergistic muscle
hypercapnia
synovial fluid
endoplasmic reticulum
40. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis
autotrophic
lipoprotein
epinephrine
fermentation
41. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids
Glycogen
buffers
chemoreceptors
Solvation
42. Located in the centrosome area - and are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.
Carbohydrate
Haploid cell
centrisomes
chorionic villi
43. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.
fetal hemoglobin
IgE
crossing over
oxaloacetate
44. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
light chains
lymph nodes
Hcg
endoderm
45. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
epithelial tissue
tetanus
PNS
expiratory reserve volume
46. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA
macrophages
translation
RNAi
restriction point
47. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.
secondary active transport
antibody
AMP
carbohydrate
48. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity
epiglottis
osmolarity gradient
contraction period
seminiferous tubules
49. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place
larynx
chaperones
glomerulus
neutrophils
50. The process by which wastes are removed from the body
tarch
FSH
thalamus
excretion