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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






2. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






3. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






4. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






5. A physiologically inactive form of angiotensin that is the precursor to angiotensin II. ACE will convert it from I to 2.






6. Consists of layer of compact bone encloses in spongy bone at the ends of the long bones






7. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






8. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






9. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






10. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






11. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






12. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System






13. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






14. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






15. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






16. Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. Partly charged






17. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.






18. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






19. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing






20. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production






21. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






22. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






23. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






24. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






25. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






26. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






27. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






28. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






29. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






30. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






31. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






32. (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number






33. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






34. The hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs






35. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty






36. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse






37. Secreted by the anterior pituitary. It is a general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size. It affects many tissues of the body; however its major effects are on the growth of muscle and the long bones of the body.






38. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






39. The part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon






40. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint






41. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






42. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






43. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






44. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






45. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






46. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






47. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






48. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






49. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






50. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood