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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA
hemoglobin
RNAi
cell mediated immunity
NADH
2. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th
Michaelis constant
hyperthyroidism
atrioventricular valves
endoderm
3. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.
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4. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue
chymotrypsin
ANS
bone resorption
G2 phase
5. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase
esophagus
monocytes
exoskeleton
chief cells
6. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
cristae
PNS
salts
pancreas
7. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream
synapse
archenteron
mucous cells
gastric glands
8. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.
homeotherm
metaphase I
primary response
angiotensin
9. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.
dermis
ureter
cascade effect
autoimmune response
10. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
Proteoglycan
chemiosmosis
Phospholipid bilayer
capsid
11. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.
hypercapnia
desmosomes
obligatory base pairing
Solvation
12. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
osteocytes
Solvation
nuclear pore complex
13. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
z lines
hemophilia
peristalsis
chondrin
14. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
intermediate filaments
endoderm
sister chromatids
larynx
15. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f
smooth ER
telophase II
islets of langerhans
memory cell
16. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction
osteons
chiasmata
enzyme specificity
gastrula
17. Direct the antigen - antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system
angiotensin
bundle of his
lymphokines
dense connective tissue
18. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of
amniotic fluid
oncotic pressure
neural folds
prokaryotes
19. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
testicular feminization
FMN
inflammatory response
thymosin
20. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids
spirometer
chemoreceptors
polar body
insulin
21. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.
route of blood flow
intermembrane space
variable regions
chemoreceptors
22. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers
clot
renin angiotensin system
hyperglycemia
osteocytes
23. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ
transcription
myosin
hepatic portal vein
chyme
24. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two
synaptic bouton
seminiferous tubules
Meiosis II
chromatin
25. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.
Facilitated diffusion
potential osmotic pressure
BNP
scrotum
26. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million
oncotic pressure
erythrocytes
spindle fibers
Glycogen
27. Stimulate production of platelets
decomposition reaction
cell cycle
thrompoietin
Chylomicrons
28. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
oxytocin
dense connective tissue
articular cartilage
proton motive force
29. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.
indeterminate cleavage
PKU
surfactant
ovaries
30. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
ANS
red marrow
myofibrils
passive diffusion
31. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.
hromosome replication
bundle of his
epidermis
Terpene
32. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
intermediate filaments
secretion
gall bladder
vas deferens
33. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption
endocrine glands
red fibers
delta cells
respiratory surface
34. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
metaphase II
dinitrophenol
plasma cell
mesoderm
35. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products
umbilical chord
autonomic nervous system
genetic recombination
spermatids
36. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder
hypercapnia
proximal end
compact bone
actual osmotic pressure
37. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen
respiratory center
amino acid residue
myosin
fermentation
38. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
absolute refractory period
osteoblasts
parietal pleura
immunoglobulin
39. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
anterior pituitary
desmosomes
nerve terminal
Secondary structure
40. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.
essential amino acids
glyoxysomes
induction
acid
41. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
ubiquinone
diploid
carbohydrate
functional groups
42. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
pituitary gland
gluconeogenesis
determinate cleavage
trachea
43. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA
FSH
suppressor T cells
proenzyme
snRNP
44. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
antigen
vital capacity
actual osmotic pressure
osmoregulation
45. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
all or none response
surfactant
bone remodeling
pancreas
46. The passage to the stomach and lungs
smooth muscle
kinase
pharynx
anterior pituitary
47. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism
helper T cells
nephron
Proline
AMP
48. Semifluid medium containing organelles.
Glycolipids
heterotrophic
route of blood flow
cytosol
49. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix
specific defense mechanism
lamellae
hypothyroidism
glycolysis
50. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.
alcohol fermentation
neural crest
CCK
sarcoplasm