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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
citric acid cycle
atria
PGAL
parasympathetic nervous system
2. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response
suppressor T cells
antibody
anaphase I
Proline
3. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line
proton motive force
abductor
sarcomeres
apoptosis
4. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP
FADH
bundle of his
epiphyses
sarcoplasmic reticulum
5. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.
microbodies
nephron
tertiary structure
H band
6. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
end product inhibition
latent period
bile
ketoacidosis
7. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
compounds
metaphase
BNP
tropomyosin
8. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
distal convoluted tubule
mitochondrial matrix
archenteron
synaptic bouton
9. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr
catecholamines
Proline
angiotensin I
alimentary canal
10. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
TRH
fallopian tube
capsid
erythroblastosis fetalis
11. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.
Glycolipids
ADH
coronary veins
proteome
12. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
trachea
smooth ER
proton gradient
pituitary gland
13. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
lymph
CNS
Terpene
prostaglandins
14. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages
binary fission
regeneration
transcription
hypodermis
15. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
G2 phase
chondrocytes
determinate cleavage
proton motive force
16. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
yellow marrow
expiratory reserve volume
anaphase
FMN
17. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins
Hydrophobic
jugular vein
interphase
actin
18. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.
acrosomal process
nucleolus
latent period
Golgi apparatus
19. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.
autotrophic
papillary layer
blastocoel
autonomic nervous system
20. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.
myosin
cleavage
epiphyseal plate
Muscle Tissue
21. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more
peroxisomes
high energy bonds
end product inhibition
polyribosome
22. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions
proteome
ATP synthetase
endoderm
spindle apparatus
23. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides
carboxypeptidase
apoptosis
atrioventricular valves
lower esophageal sphincter
24. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula
external intercostal muscles
deuterstomes
route of blood flow
micelles
25. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.
LH
heart
Unsaturated fatty acid
virus
26. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
bone resorption
macrophages
duodenum
seminal vesicles
27. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles
inorganic phosphate
G2 phase
hypophyseal portal system
hypertonic
28. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
cortical sex hormones
secretion
follicles
phagocytosis
29. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
Denaturation
ectoderm
axial skeleton
lacteals
30. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.
contraction period
platelets
nonspecific defense mechanism
stratum corneum
31. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
binary fission
respiratory center
electron transfer
proton motive force
32. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.
coronary veins
dense connective tissue
glycolytic pathway
Muscle Tissue
33. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end
erythrocytes
gastrula
Cytochromes
bacteriophage
34. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.
enterokinase
Conjugated protein
autolysis
Glycosylation
35. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.
atoms
Mitotic phase
catecholamines
Nucleotide
36. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream
pyrophosphate
polyribosome
mucous cells
synergistic muscle
37. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins
lactase
meiosis
stratum corneum
microfilaments
38. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
cancellous bone
stratum corneum
Nervous Tissue
telopahse
39. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.
ed blood cells
heart rate
articular cartilage
endoplasmic reticulum
40. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
aldosterone
lactic acid
Vmax
granular leukocytes
41. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin
basophils
ATP synthetase
mRNA
vagus nerve
42. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
cell cycle
epidermis
fetal gas exchange
tricuspid valve
43. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
hydrogen bond
epiphyseal plate
efferent arteriole
allantois
44. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone
melanocyte
proton gradient
gluconeogenesis
mitochondrial matrix
45. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)
chymotrypsinogen
electrolytes
Meiosis II
vas deferens
46. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies
universal recipient
diploid
epididymus
Glycosylation
47. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta
goiter
ductus arteriosus
smooth muscle
virus
48. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells
glycolytic pathway
lymph
autonomic nervous system
carbohydrate
49. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.
plasmid
filtration
Protein
parietal pleura
50. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.
bronchioles
side chain
seminal vesicles
dinitrophenol