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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.






2. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types






3. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






4. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






5. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






6. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






7. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






8. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






9. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






10. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






11. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing






12. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






13. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






14. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






15. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






16. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






17. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






18. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






19. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland






20. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






21. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






22. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






23. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






24. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






25. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






26. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






27. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






28. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






29. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






30. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






31. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






32. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






33. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






34. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






35. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






36. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






37. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






38. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






39. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






40. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






41. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






42. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






43. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






44. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






45. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






46. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






47. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...






48. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body






49. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies






50. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs