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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






2. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.






3. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






4. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.






5. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






6. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






7. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






8. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.






9. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






10. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






11. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






12. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






13. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






14. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






15. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






16. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






17. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.






18. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus






19. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






20. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






21. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






22. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.






23. Located in the centrosome area - and are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.






24. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






25. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






26. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






27. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






28. Protein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached - which can further attach to a long pollysaccharide (making a complex) are the major component of the extracellular matrix






29. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






30. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






31. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






32. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






33. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






34. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -






35. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






36. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System






37. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing






38. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






39. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






40. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






41. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






42. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






43. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






44. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






45. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






46. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






47. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






48. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






49. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






50. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin