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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional






2. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






3. Secreted by the anterior pituitary. It is a general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size. It affects many tissues of the body; however its major effects are on the growth of muscle and the long bones of the body.






4. The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver - pancreas - lungs - and the lining of the digestive tract






5. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






6. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






7. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






8. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin






9. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






10. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






11. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






12. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.






13. Tissue that connects muscle to bone






14. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






15. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.






16. The layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles






17. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






18. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






19. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.






20. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






21. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






22. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






23. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






24. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






25. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.






26. The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery






27. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane






28. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane






29. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






30. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






31. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






32. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






33. Covalent bond formed between amino acids






34. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






35. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






36. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






37. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






38. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






39. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






40. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






41. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






42. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction






43. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






44. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






45. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






46. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






47. Used to assess the rates at which enzymatic reactions occur /Will focus primarily on initial reaction rates measured over time /Influenced by a variety of factors : Concentrations of substrates - products and inhibitors






48. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.


49. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.






50. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood