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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






2. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






3. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






4. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






5. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






6. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






7. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






8. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






9. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.






10. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






11. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






12. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out






13. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.






14. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






15. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin






16. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






17. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy






18. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base






19. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






20. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.






21. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






22. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






23. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






24. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






25. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






26. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly






27. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






28. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






29. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






30. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






31. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






32. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






33. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






34. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus






35. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.






36. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis






37. Dynamic - temporary array of microtubules that moves chromosomes in precise directions during mitosis or meiosis.






38. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






39. Located in the centrosome area - and are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.






40. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.






41. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






42. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






43. The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient - generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.






44. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.






45. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






46. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers






47. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






48. A vessel in Which blood circulates






49. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






50. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz