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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






2. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.






3. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum






4. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






5. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out






6. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






7. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions






8. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






9. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






10. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint






11. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






12. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






13. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






14. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






15. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






16. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin






17. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






18. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






19. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






20. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






21. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended






22. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.






23. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body






24. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






25. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






26. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






27. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






28. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






29. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






30. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






31. Iron - containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells






32. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






33. A regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues






34. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






35. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






36. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






37. Space between bones






38. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






39. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






40. Small - elongated mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue just beneath the epicardium in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava - starts impulses






41. Predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll.






42. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.






43. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I






44. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






45. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






46. Any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney - functional unit of the kidney






47. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






48. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






49. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis






50. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.