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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.
pituitary gland
parathyroid glands
synaptic bouton
Connective tissue
2. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types
CCK
secondary oocytes
universal donor
androgens
3. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.
osmolarity gradient
external nares
aldosterone
collagenous fibers
4. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
umbilical cord
bone resorption
oxidation
glomerulus
5. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
nonspecific defense mechanism
extensor muscle
Cellulose
exon
6. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.
Phospholipid
cleavage
axial skeleton
ptyalin
7. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet
synovial capsule
islets of langerhans
chymotrypsin
hypoglycemia
8. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody
relaxation period
immunoglobulin
synergistic muscle
intermediate filaments
9. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
uterus
universal recipient
Active immunity
G1 phase
10. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz
allosteric effector
receptor mediated endocytosis
papillary layer
carbohydrate
11. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
Glycoproteins
Eicosanoid
epiglottis
blastocyst
12. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become
coronary arteries
bronchioles
ANS
Hydrogen Bond
13. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
surfactant
binary fission
transverse tubules
emulsification
14. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
centrisomes
adrenal cortex
thymosin
red marrow
15. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone
spermatogenesis
parietal cells
haversian systems
chondrocytes
16. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
aorta
troponin
chiasmata
specific defense mechanism
17. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate
Hcg
specific defense mechanism
mesoderm
gametocytes
18. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
glycolysis
cardiac sphincter
prophase II
veins
19. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
obligate intracellular parasite
circadian rythms
bone resorption
somatotropin
20. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
tendons
cartilage
DNA polymerase
CNS
21. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages
hypodermis
gall bladder
glycolytic pathway
Carbohydrate
22. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.
stratum spinosum
snRNP
mitochondria
Conjugated protein
23. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends
capillaries
testicular feminization
renal artery
stratum basalis
24. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.
portal systems
spongy bone
buffers
synovial capsule
25. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice
catecholamines
sister chromatids
vulva
loose connective tissue
26. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent
myoglobin
renin angiotensin system
cortisone
Nervous Tissue
27. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.
acromegaly
bohr effect
alpha helix
coronary arteries
28. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea
metaphase
exocrine glands
erythroblastosis fetalis
loop of henle
29. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli
spermatogonia
universal recipient
osmoregulation
tonus
30. Semifluid medium containing organelles.
DNA polymerase
mitochondria
lacteals
cytosol
31. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development
blastula
exocytosis
red marrow
amphipathic
32. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system
mesoderm
somatostatin
centrisomes
FMN
33. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
telomeres
chemical digestion
lymph nodes
metaphase I
34. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.
stratum granulosum
collagenous fibers
antigen binding site
thin filaments
35. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach
chymotrypsinogen
total lung capacity
cardiac sphincter
NAD
36. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system
IgE
calcitonin
leukocytes
larynx
37. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
mucous cells
compact bone
synergistic muscle
sucrase
38. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart
testes
Rh factor
cortisol
foramen ovale
39. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms
cell division
cytotoxic T cells
homeotherm
sarcoplasm
40. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy
tidal volume
portal systems
lymph capillaries
hypertonic
41. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone
luteal phase
yolk sac
umbilical chord
diaphysis
42. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products
gap junction
noncompetitive inhibition
umbilical chord
threshold value
43. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and
acid
distal convoluted tubule
osteons
Hydrolysis
44. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
chemiosmosis
lymph
medulla oblongata
axial skeleton
45. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
centrisomes
circadian rythms
islets of langerhans
thromboplastin
46. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
suppressor T cells
osteons
chemiosmosis
gastrin
47. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...
myogenic activity
inner cell mass
esophagus
route of blood flow
48. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body
inflammatory response
anaphase
bulbourethral gland
actin
49. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies
Passive immunity
Haploid cell
circadian rythms
lower esophageal sphincter
50. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
threshold value
allosteric inhibitor
Muscle Tissue
exoskeleton