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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bone forming cells






2. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






3. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






4. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






5. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations






6. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.






7. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






8. During this time - calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum - myosin - binding sites are covered by tropomyosin - myosin heads detach from actin - and tension in the muscle fiber decreases






9. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






10. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






11. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine






12. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.






13. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






14. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






15. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P






16. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






17. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






18. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






19. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






20. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I






21. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






22. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the






23. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






24. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






25. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






26. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.






27. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






28. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis






29. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






30. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






31. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium






32. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






33. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






34. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






35. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






36. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






37. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






38. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






39. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






40. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






41. Thin - walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place






42. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






43. Membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional






44. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






45. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






46. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






47. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






48. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






49. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






50. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.