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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






2. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






3. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






4. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function






5. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






6. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






7. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






8. 1) is the 2nd and deepest layer of the dermis. 2) Compose of Dense Irregular CT. 3) Contains interlacing Collagen and Elastic Fibers. 4) Is packed with oil glands - sweat gland ducts - fat - and hair follicles. 5) It provides strength - extensibility






9. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...






10. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






11. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






12. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.






13. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






14. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






15. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






16. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






17. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






18. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.






19. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion






20. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






21. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






22. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






23. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






24. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






25. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






26. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






27. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






28. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






29. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.






30. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






31. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.






32. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






33. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






34. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






35. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






36. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






37. Covalent bond formed between amino acids






38. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.






39. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






40. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.






41. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell






42. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






43. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






44. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






45. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






46. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.






47. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






48. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






49. Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. Partly charged






50. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation