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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






2. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells






3. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






4. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






5. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






6. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






7. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






8. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






9. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






10. A form of external male pseudohermaphroditism - characterized by the lack of androgen receptors in the external genitalia: these individuals have testes - but the body and the external genitalia are female. They typically have a rudimentary vagina -






11. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor






12. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






13. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.






14. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






15. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






16. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction






17. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






18. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.






19. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






20. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






21. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






22. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






23. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






24. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






25. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






26. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






27. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary






28. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






29. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






30. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out






31. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.






32. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






33. Water passively moves out - esp - in hypertonic medulla. Deeper more hypertonic=more H2O absorbed by kidney.






34. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






35. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






36. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






37. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.






38. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract






39. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






40. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes






41. A regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues






42. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






43. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






44. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse






45. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






46. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






47. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






48. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






49. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.






50. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously