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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. NORMAL STATE of BALANCED MUSCLE TENSION PRESENT In BODY WHEN One Is AWAKE






2. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






3. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






4. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






5. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.






6. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






7. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






8. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






9. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies






10. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






11. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.






12. Attracts a solute molecule to a binding site






13. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






14. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






15. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






16. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced






17. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






18. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






19. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron






20. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






21. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles






22. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






23. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






24. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






25. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






26. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






27. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla






28. Mature cells - develop from osteoblasts - control day- to - day activities (each occupies a lacuna - a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix






29. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






30. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






31. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






32. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






33. The female reproductive cell






34. Organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop






35. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






36. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






37. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.






38. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






39. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






40. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc






41. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






42. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






43. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






44. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






45. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






46. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells






47. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






48. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






49. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






50. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.