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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






2. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






3. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






4. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






5. The maximum pressure that could develop in a solution when it is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane






6. The organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation






7. The class of immunoglobulin having






8. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.






9. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






10. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






11. An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP as a result of a series of events that occur in and around a membrane. in prokaryotes it is in the cell membrane and in eukaryotes it is in the mitochondrial membrane






12. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






13. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






14. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






15. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






16. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






17. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






18. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






19. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins






20. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






21. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an






22. The female reproductive cell






23. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






24. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






25. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems






26. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






27. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






28. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






29. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






30. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






31. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






32. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






33. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






34. The opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge






35. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart






36. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






37. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






38. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






39. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






40. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.






41. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






42. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






43. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion






44. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






45. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






46. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






47. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






48. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






49. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






50. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz