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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






2. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






3. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






4. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






5. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






6. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






7. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






8. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






9. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.






10. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






11. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






12. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






13. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.






14. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






15. Dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling due to internal and external forces - weight bearing and muscle contraction encourages stronger bone - limited or non - weight bearing and bed rest decrease bone strength






16. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






17. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






18. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






19. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum






20. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






21. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






22. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






23. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






24. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






25. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






26. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






27. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






28. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced






29. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






30. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus






31. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






32. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






33. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






34. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






35. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






36. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.






37. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints






38. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






39. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus






40. A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair






41. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






42. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers






43. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






44. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






45. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.






46. Pressure that has already developed in a solution due to osmosis.






47. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






48. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






49. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion






50. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus







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