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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






2. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






3. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






4. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






5. Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber






6. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






7. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






8. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






9. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






10. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






11. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






12. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






13. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






14. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






15. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






16. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






17. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






18. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






19. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.






20. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport






21. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






22. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






23. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






24. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






25. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl






26. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






27. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






28. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors






29. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






30. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






31. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






32. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






33. Antibody found in blood and secretions - made more than any other isotype - most abundunt in the tears - sweat - saliva and mucosa.






34. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






35. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself






36. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






37. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.






38. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






39. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






40. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






41. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.






42. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






43. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.






44. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid






45. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






46. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






47. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






48. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






49. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






50. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure