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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells
facilitated diffusion
Saturated fatty acids
cytochromes
corona radiata
2. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
G2 phase
mesoderm
macrophages
trypsinogen
3. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz
dense connective tissue
allosteric effector
ptyalin
chondrin
4. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
IgG
Fatty acids
intermediate filaments
hydroxyapatite crystals
5. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta
ptyalin
route of blood flow
corticosteroids
loose connective tissue
6. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base
interferons
Meiosis II
dinitrophenol
nucleotides
7. The layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles
thromboplastin
ascending colon
stratum lucidum
effector cell
8. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.
prophase II
capsid
Rh factor
secondary active transport
9. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
ADP
actual osmotic pressure
enzyme
capsid
10. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
primary spermatocytes
neural crest
Active immunity
epinephrine
11. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
tropomyosin
amino acid residue
enzyme specificity
yellow marrow
12. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
Hcg
metaphase
FAD
neural folds
13. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
microfilaments
creatine phosphate
blastocyst
esophagus
14. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles
jejunum
dermis
epidermis
FMN
15. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations
movable joints
latent period
ACTH
tetanus
16. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.
intramembranous ossification
lymphatic system
fetal hemoglobin
smooth ER
17. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.
chondrin
protostomes
metaphase I
catabolism
18. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone
microbodies
villi
diaphysis
sarcoplasmic reticulum
19. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane
action potential
capillaries
dialysis
sarcoplasm
20. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet
nerve terminal
second messenger
hypoglycemia
adrenal glands
21. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA
allosteric inhibitor
renin
RNAi
cytosol
22. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
forces creating tertiary structure
immune response
adductor
gastrin
23. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.
Fatty acids
carboxyhemoglobin
polyribosome
inorganic phosphate
24. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
cardiovascular system
epiglottis
cell adhesion proteins
ectoderm
25. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.
umbilical vessels
fibrinogen
lock and key theory
virus
26. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport
hydrogen bond
eosinophils
countertransport
simple diffusion
27. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells
myofibrils
tropomyosin
neural crest
chemical digestion
28. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.
pyloric glands
alpha helix
primary response
troponin
29. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car
vasa recta
TCA cycle
proton gradient
gastrula
30. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.
chymotrypsin
neutrophils
Hcg
synovial fluid
31. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.
protostomes
T cells
Cellulose
alpha helix
32. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize
allosteric effector
high energy bonds
Eukaryotes
autoimmune response
33. Used to assess the rates at which enzymatic reactions occur /Will focus primarily on initial reaction rates measured over time /Influenced by a variety of factors : Concentrations of substrates - products and inhibitors
enzyme kinetics
hypodermis
metaphase I
Osmosis
34. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.
larynx
lymph nodes
autosomal cell
loose connective tissue
35. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.
pituitary gland
H band
bases
renin angiotensin system
36. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
Denaturation
fermentation
extracellular digestion
reabsorption
37. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly
NADH
notochord
centrisomes
negative pressure breathing
38. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
hypophysis
somatic nervous system
NADH
haversian canal
39. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
stratum corneum
epiphyseal plate
neurotransmitters
releasing hormones
40. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.
sympathetic nervous system
amino acids
external nares
ligaments
41. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.
thin filaments
parasympathetic nervous system
cytotoxic T cells
diploid
42. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
ketoacidosis
Lysosomes
ileum
reticular layer
43. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones
releasing hormones
coenzymes
carbohydrate
carboxypeptidase
44. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
passive diffusion
secondary response
glycolysis
dialysis
45. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.
synaptic cleft
autolysis
oxaloacetate
granular leukocytes
46. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)
chymotrypsinogen
plasma cell
polar body
arteries
47. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.
effector cell
Conjugated protein
tropomyosin
IgE
48. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.
functional groups
oxaloacetate
competitive inhibition
HCl
49. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.
torpor
Michaelis constant
reticular layer
red fibers
50. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum
gall bladder
nuclear pore complex
surfactant
salts