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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream
hydrogen bond
Nervous Tissue
dizygotic twins
mucous cells
2. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.
immovable joints
budding
variable regions
foramen ovale
3. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
mitral valve
cyanobacteria
translation
4. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton
anabolism
I band
striated muscle
stratum basalis
5. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
exocytosis
essential amino acids
primary response
autosomal cell
6. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a
transcription
vasopressin
tRNA
red marrow
7. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions
effector cell
Meiosis II
proteome
primary spermatocytes
8. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
Eicosanoid
collecting duct
RNAi
telophase I
9. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy
sympathetic nervous system
RNAi
mineralcorticoids
endocrine glands
10. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint
umbilical cord
flexor
glomerulus
lymph nodes
11. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
AMP
chiasmata
afferent arteriole
luteal phase
12. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce
lactic acid fermentation
gall bladder
descending limb
caveolae
13. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance
prostate gland
PKU
testes
z lines
14. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t
interstitial cells
lymph capillaries
Cofactor
hypophysis
15. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo
monozygotic twins
tetanus
portal systems
IgE
16. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin
absolute refractory period
small intestine
umbilical cord
bronchioles
17. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
Conjugated protein
chymotrypsin
gastrin
allosteric modulator
18. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.
fibrin
protostomes
intramembranous ossification
hydrostatic pressure
19. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)
Primary structure
nephron
small intestine
B lymphocyte
20. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.
prothrombin
hydrostatic pressure
glucagon
electron transfer
21. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended
buffers
plasma
adrenal glands
interferons
22. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.
flexor
Facilitated diffusion
amphipathic
vasa recta
23. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body
inflammatory response
blastopore
LH
microfilaments
24. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles
hemoglobin
asters
fetal hemoglobin
Terpene
25. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)
sarcoplasm
reduction
glucagon
tidal volume
26. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
lymph nodes
peroxisomes
amylopectin
diaphysis
27. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum
enterogastrone
cytokinesis
oogenesis
extracellular digestion
28. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment
hypoglycemia
epithelial tissue
regulator
chymotrypsin
29. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.
alcohol fermentation
chondrocytes
semilunar valve
cyanobacteria
30. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
Proteoglycan
alimentary canal
synapsis
hypothalamus
31. Iron - containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells
lymphatic system
cortical sex hormones
hemoglobin
FSH
32. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine
competitive inhibition
meiosis
hemophilia
ascending limb
33. A regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues
follicles
AMP
histamine
Osmosis
34. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.
umbilical vessels
heart rate
mineralcorticoids
creatine phosphate
35. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.
heart
Muscle Tissue
budding
variable regions
36. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes
hypertonic solution
determinate cleavage
plasma cell
thermoregulation
37. Space between bones
route of blood flow
functional groups
articular cavity
fermentation
38. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.
Nucleic acids
spermatogenesis
fetal gas exchange
mucosa
39. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH
buffers
quarternary structure
reversible reaction
T lymphocyte
40. Small - elongated mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue just beneath the epicardium in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava - starts impulses
CRF
AMP
sinoatrial node
reticular layer
41. Predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll.
insulin
light chains
disulfide linkages
cyanobacteria
42. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.
bowmans capsule
Nucleoid region
Unsaturated fatty acid
Glycolipids
43. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I
proteasomes
angiotensin
exocrine glands
fetal gas exchange
44. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
ascending limb
CNS
chymotrypsin
internal intercostal muscles
45. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
alimentary canal
neuromuscular junction
sister chromatids
purkinje fibers
46. Any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney - functional unit of the kidney
endoskeleton
cecum
nephron
thalamus
47. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle
restriction point
interferons
skeletal muscle
apoenzyme
48. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes
corona radiata
collagenous fibers
lipoprotein
humoral immunity
49. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis
hyperthyroidism
Lysosomes
pyruvate
hydrogen bond
50. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.
monozygotic twins
lymph capillaries
ANS
villi