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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






2. Blind U- shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine






3. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






4. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors






5. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






6. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






7. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






8. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






9. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






10. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






11. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






12. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






13. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the






14. Used to assess the rates at which enzymatic reactions occur /Will focus primarily on initial reaction rates measured over time /Influenced by a variety of factors : Concentrations of substrates - products and inhibitors






15. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






16. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






17. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






18. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






19. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus






20. New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis






21. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






22. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






23. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






24. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr






25. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






26. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






27. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.






28. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






29. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






30. Stimulate production of platelets






31. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.






32. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






33. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






34. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






35. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






36. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes






37. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body






38. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






39. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






40. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






41. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






42. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






43. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






44. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






45. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






46. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






47. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






48. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






49. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






50. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.