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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






2. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






3. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






4. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






5. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






6. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






7. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






8. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -






9. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






10. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.






11. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






12. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






13. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






14. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor






15. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






16. Aid in expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity (internal intercostal muscles originate in the inferior rib and insert on the superior rib)






17. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






18. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






19. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






20. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






21. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






22. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






23. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






24. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






25. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.






26. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates






27. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)






28. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






29. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






30. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






31. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






32. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself






33. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






34. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






35. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin






36. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.






37. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport






38. Predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll.






39. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone






40. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






41. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






42. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






43. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






44. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






45. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






46. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






47. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






48. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






49. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






50. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






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