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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






2. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






3. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






4. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues






5. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






6. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.






7. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






8. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






9. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function






10. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






11. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






12. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin






13. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






14. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






15. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






16. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






17. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation






18. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






19. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






20. Attracts a solute molecule to a binding site






21. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






22. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






23. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






24. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






25. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






26. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






27. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






28. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






29. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.






30. 1) is the 2nd and deepest layer of the dermis. 2) Compose of Dense Irregular CT. 3) Contains interlacing Collagen and Elastic Fibers. 4) Is packed with oil glands - sweat gland ducts - fat - and hair follicles. 5) It provides strength - extensibility






31. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood






32. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






33. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






34. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






35. NORMAL STATE of BALANCED MUSCLE TENSION PRESENT In BODY WHEN One Is AWAKE






36. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






37. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






38. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






39. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base






40. Valve between a ventricle of the heart and the vessel that carries blood away from the ventricle; also pertains to the valves in veins






41. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






42. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






43. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






44. Membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional






45. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






46. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.






47. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






48. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.






49. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






50. Dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling due to internal and external forces - weight bearing and muscle contraction encourages stronger bone - limited or non - weight bearing and bed rest decrease bone strength