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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
Hcg
vulva
bile
ductus arteriosus
2. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
actin
Glycoproteins
functional groups
yellow marrow
3. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.
cristae
pyloric glands
pyruvate decarboxylation
immunoglobulins
4. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature
circadian rythms
indeterminate cleavage
excretion
microtubule
5. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway
feedback inhibition
Passive immunity
regeneration
prostaglandins
6. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase
cecum
spindle fibers
peristalsis
angiotensin I
7. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine
glyoxysomes
testicular feminization
ascending limb
alpha cells
8. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.
epidermis
interferons
intramembranous ossification
fibrinogen
9. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.
ejaculatory duct
histamine
alcohol fermentation
S phase
10. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle
CNS
I band
chief cells
immovable joints
11. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone
expiratory reserve volume
diaphysis
red marrow
coronary arteries
12. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
islets of langerhans
meiosis
chymotrypsin
exoskeleton
13. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
compounds
hypophysis
renal artery
endoderm
14. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
seminiferous tubules
proton gradient
ANS
gametocytes
15. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
Hcg
coenzymes
substrate level phosphorylation
chymotrypsin
16. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
amylose
Nucleoid region
endochondral ossification
external nares
17. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
adrenal cortex
Dehydration synthesis
pancreas
proximal end
18. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.
trypsin
red fibers
ACTH
ubiquinone
19. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles
sarcolemma
mesenchyme
variable regions
blastocyst
20. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
endochondral ossification
endocrine glands
thymosin
tropomyosin
21. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.
Nucleoid region
plasmids
catabolism
Bacteria
22. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
structural proteins
cristae
spermatogonia
bohr effect
23. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
umbilical vein
compounds
translation
chorionic villi
24. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
hypothalamus
metabolism
dermis
cancellous bone
25. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.
IgA
Hydrophobic
ATP synthetase
bundle of his
26. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b
plasma
frequency summation
compact bone
Lysosomes
27. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range
Denaturation
G2 phase
primary oocytes
thermoregulation
28. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
bundle of his
synapse
universal donor
pancreas
29. The first phase of meiosis I. During prophase I the replicated chromosomes condense - homologous chromsomes pair up - crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes - the spindle is formed - and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. P
high energy bonds
pyruvate decarboxylation
prophase I
cortisone
30. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs
monozygotic twins
mitral valve
FMN
parthogenesis
31. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.
prostate gland
amino acid residue
blastocoel
red fibers
32. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.
lymph capillaries
intramembranous ossification
primary spermatocytes
immunoglobulins
33. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.
Dehydration synthesis
chymotrypsin
cell division
Chylomicrons
34. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms
prophase
homeotherm
telophase I
synergistic muscle
35. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment
helper T cells
substrate
mitral valve
regulator
36. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH
notochord
norepinephrine
primary response
loose connective tissue
37. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula
glyoxysomes
excretion
deuterstomes
coronary arteries
38. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells
ubiquinone
melanin
islets of langerhans
myofibrils
39. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
intron
TSH
cell division
ATP
40. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell
stratum basalis
cretinism
cristae
semiautonomous
41. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.
bone remodeling
sarcomeres
Muscle Tissue
nuclear pore complex
42. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.
effector cell
induction
Haploid cell
cortical reaction
43. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin
PGAL
anterior pituitary
absolute refractory period
lymphocytes
44. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.
substrate level phosphorylation
epiphyseal plate
mRNA
luteal phase
45. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy
NADH
potential osmotic pressure
parasympathetic nervous system
epiphyseal plate
46. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.
metaphase I
mucosa
sarcomeres
negative pressure breathing
47. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
yellow marrow
Prostaglandins
chiasmata
hypothalamus
48. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak
respiratory surface
testosterone
scrotum
inhibiting hormones
49. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix
lamellae
antigen
myogenic activity
Hcg
50. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells
lymph
second messenger
stratum corneum
reticular fibers