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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






2. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






3. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






4. The passage to the stomach and lungs






5. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






6. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






7. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






8. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.






9. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






10. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






11. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






12. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






13. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






14. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






15. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






16. Receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart






17. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly






18. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






19. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






20. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium






21. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






22. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






23. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






24. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






25. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






26. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






27. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body






28. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






29. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






30. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






31. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






32. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






33. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






34. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His






35. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






36. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






37. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






38. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






39. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






40. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






41. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses






42. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function






43. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






44. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






45. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.






46. Form gametes which combine to form zygotes that develope into more sporozoites






47. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






48. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






49. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I






50. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms