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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae






2. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






3. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity






4. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






5. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis






6. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






7. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






8. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






9. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






10. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






11. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






12. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






13. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






14. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






15. Development of the nervous system






16. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






17. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






18. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






19. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






20. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.






21. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary






22. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






23. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






24. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






25. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






26. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






27. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






28. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






29. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






30. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.






31. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






32. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






33. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






34. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






35. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged






36. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






37. Condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia - tachycardia - goiter - and tumor






38. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation






39. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






40. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






41. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






42. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






43. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






44. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






45. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






46. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






47. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






48. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)






49. Covalent bond formed between amino acids






50. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA