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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A physiological reaction to threat that in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organisms for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) and enemy
alpha amino acid
receptor mediated endocytosis
fight or flight response
renin
2. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.
H band
CCK
gamete
desmosomes
3. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH
norepinephrine
scrotum
articular cavity
end product inhibition
4. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
steroid hormones
androgens
ascending limb
adrenal glands
5. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
secondary oocytes
aorta
prokaryotes
parietal cells
6. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
osteoclasts
stratum spinosum
Glycolipids
PGAL
7. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium
Nucleic acids
hromosome replication
T cells
coronary sinus
8. For very fatty foods - the duodenum releases this hormone to slow down the release of chyme by the stomach. (Fats take longer to digest).
epiphyses
IgM
interphase
enterogastrone
9. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
seminal fluid
hypertonic
tarch
zymogen
10. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
peroxisomes
crossing over
heart rate
immovable joints
11. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
FSH
pituitary gland
microbodies
actin
12. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen
tonus
cytochrome oxidase
centrioles
efferent arteriole
13. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates
exocytosis
B lymphocyte
zona pellucida
eosinophils
14. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells
gap junction
pyloric glands
glucagon
cortisone
15. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.
lymph capillaries
allosteric activators
pituitary gland
fetal gas exchange
16. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
stratum corneum
seminal vesicles
pancreatic juice
osmolarity gradient
17. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid
hepatic portal vein
primary oocytes
deamination
addison's disease
18. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
haversian canal
blastulation
peroxisomes
cancellous bone
19. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum
noncompetitive inhibition
T cells
pyloric sphincter
secretin
20. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele
somatic cell
Phospholipid bilayer
follicles
telophase II
21. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself
exocytosis
semilunar valve
apoptosis
Conjugated protein
22. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent
external intercostal muscles
cortisone
bowmans capsule
Protein
23. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a
tonus
cristae
glycolysis
hypophyseal portal system
24. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
chiasmata
hypodermis
vasa recta
hypertonic solution
25. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet
gastric glands
mucous cells
relative refractory period
hypoglycemia
26. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine
neural crest
ileum
stratum lucidum
axial skeleton
27. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
cortical reaction
gastrin
helper T cells
addison's disease
28. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies
universal recipient
papillary layer
crossing over
spirometer
29. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz
exocytosis
seminal vesicles
articular cartilage
enterokinase
30. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)
autonomic nervous system
somatostatin
diabetes mellitus
globular protein
31. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.
substrate
platelets
Cellulose
crossing over
32. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.
fetal hemoglobin
immovable joints
transcription
atrial natriuretic hormone
33. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells
catecholamines
prophase II
oxidation
flagella
34. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase
spindle fibers
IgG
prophase I
endocrine glands
35. NORMAL STATE of BALANCED MUSCLE TENSION PRESENT In BODY WHEN One Is AWAKE
tonus
tendons
dermis
feedback inhibition
36. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.
autosomal cell
ADP
chorionic villi
myosin binding sites
37. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
pancreatic juice
proton gradient
BNP
arteries
38. The bonds between the phosphate groups
CNS
dermis
high energy bonds
tonus
39. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
angiotensin I
pancreas
thin filaments
dermis
40. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries
capillaries
NADP
androgens
AMP
41. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum
first messengers
skeletal muscle
spermatozoa
umbilical arteries
42. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.
antigen
zymogen
primary spermatocytes
addison's disease
43. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system
mesoderm
smooth muscle
follicles
maltase
44. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea
cAMP
loop of henle
plasma
diabetes mellitus
45. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
ptyalin
Hydrolysis
chromatin
respiratory center
46. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.
axial skeleton
centrioles
addison's disease
urethra
47. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages
activation energy
chaperones
hypodermis
collagenous fibers
48. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
TRH
leukocytes
gland cells
thermoregulation
49. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients
complementary pairing
small intestine
dissociation curve
primary oocytes
50. A small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication
plasmid
chemoreceptors
essential amino acids
distal convoluted tubule