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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells






2. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






3. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






4. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






5. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






6. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood






7. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






8. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.






9. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.






10. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






11. Iron - containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells






12. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy






13. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.






14. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






15. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






16. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






17. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron






18. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






19. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.






20. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






21. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






22. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






23. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






24. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






25. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






26. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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27. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






28. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






29. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.






30. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






31. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






32. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






33. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






34. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






35. Finger - like projections that increase the surface area and increase absorption






36. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






37. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.






38. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






39. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






40. Carries both electrons and protons (2 at a time)






41. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






42. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






43. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






44. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






45. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






46. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






47. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






48. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






49. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






50. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them







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