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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






2. Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins






3. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






4. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody






5. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium






6. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






7. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






8. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






9. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.






10. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






11. The donation of valence electrons from one atom to anther to form a cation and an anion






12. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






13. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






14. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






15. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.






16. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland






17. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen






18. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






19. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






20. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






21. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






22. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






23. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






24. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.






25. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






26. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






27. Dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling due to internal and external forces - weight bearing and muscle contraction encourages stronger bone - limited or non - weight bearing and bed rest decrease bone strength






28. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose






29. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






30. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






31. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.






32. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






33. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f






34. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






35. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






36. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






37. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






38. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






39. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






40. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






41. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






42. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






43. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






44. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






45. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






46. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.






47. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






48. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






49. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.






50. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.