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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






2. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion






3. Stimulate production of platelets






4. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins






5. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






6. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






7. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






8. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






9. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






10. An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP as a result of a series of events that occur in and around a membrane. in prokaryotes it is in the cell membrane and in eukaryotes it is in the mitochondrial membrane






11. The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.






12. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli






13. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






14. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.






15. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






16. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters






17. Given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules.






18. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






19. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state






20. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






21. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells






22. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






23. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






24. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






25. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






26. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






27. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






28. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






29. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






30. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






31. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






32. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






33. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






34. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






35. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






36. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






37. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






38. The passage to the stomach and lungs






39. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






40. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






41. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






42. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






43. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






44. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






45. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






46. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






47. The female reproductive cell






48. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






49. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






50. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles