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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






2. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






3. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






4. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells






5. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






6. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin






7. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






8. A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously






9. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






10. The part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon






11. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






12. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak






13. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






14. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






15. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






16. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






17. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






18. Dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling due to internal and external forces - weight bearing and muscle contraction encourages stronger bone - limited or non - weight bearing and bed rest decrease bone strength






19. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes






20. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






21. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






22. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






23. The external pouch that contains the testes






24. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






25. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






26. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.






27. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






28. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






29. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration






30. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






31. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






32. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






33. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






34. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles






35. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






36. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






37. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






38. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






39. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






40. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






41. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems






42. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






43. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






44. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream






45. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity






46. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






47. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






48. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






49. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






50. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP







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