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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
ATP
prolactin
pancreas
Cell membrane
2. The female reproductive cell
ovum
Prostaglandins
fibrinogen
oncotic pressure
3. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
fetal gas exchange
actin
troponin
hypertonic
4. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form
mucosa
contraction period
stratum basalis
Facilitated diffusion
5. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity
B cell
respiratory surface
Terpene
tarch
6. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue
B cell
ATP
secondary oocytes
bone resorption
7. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.
chymotrypsin
tonus
H band
signal transduction
8. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
synaptic bouton
PGAL
bile
AMP
9. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
telophase I
Connective tissue
Hydrogen Bond
lacteals
10. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
epiglottis
salts
Hydrolysis
disulfide linkages
11. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.
telophase II
Cytochromes
articular cavity
T cells
12. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.
metaphase II
blastulation
systole
myofibrils
13. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus
receptor mediated endocytosis
universal donor
T lymphocyte
B cell
14. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response
ligaments
secondary spermatocytes
antibody
seminal fluid
15. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
heart rate
memory cell
B cell
hyperglycemia
16. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
autonomic nervous system
hypophysis
testosterone
maltase
17. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
proton gradient
islets of langerhans
thoracic cavity
testes
18. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
ascending limb
Nucleotide
chemical digestion
Terpene
19. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles
dermis
ADP
neuromuscular junction
electrolytes
20. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.
uterus
cortisone
hydrostatic pressure
globular protein
21. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
prostate gland
ureter
restriction point
signal transduction
22. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.
IgA
Hydrolysis
blastocoel
catabolism
23. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula
microbodies
deuterstomes
effector cell
suppressor T cells
24. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).
amylose
glucocorticoids
parietal cells
excretion
25. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium
tidal volume
RNAi
prophase I
osteoporosis
26. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
ed blood cells
loop of henle
renal vein
contraction period
27. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.
cortical reaction
expiratory reserve volume
mucosa
zona pellucida
28. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts
dinitrophenol
exocrine glands
enterogastrone
respiratory center
29. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies
universal recipient
sarcoplasm
cancellous bone
inflammatory response
30. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range
thermoregulation
gap junction
primary oocytes
movable joints
31. Receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart
acrosome
mitral valve
inferior vena cava
renal vein
32. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line
adrenal glands
adductor
A band
cortisone
33. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.
villi
umbilical vein
endoplasmic reticulum
hypoglycemia
34. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe
antigen
jejunum
epididymus
quarternary structure
35. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.
helper T cells
tendons
glycolysis
tertiary structure
36. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.
microtubule
melanin
bundle of his
RNAi
37. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate
umbilical vein
specific defense mechanism
mitochondrial matrix
autosomal cell
38. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products
complementary pairing
ileum
epididymus
umbilical chord
39. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)
chymotrypsinogen
nephron
reduction
glucagon
40. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.
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41. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function
lymphokines
IgG
vagus nerve
competitive inhibition
42. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.
acrosome
intron
determinate cleavage
fibrinogen
43. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body
lacunae
thyroxine
inflammatory response
cecum
44. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra
end product inhibition
globular protein
peptide bond
abductor
45. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion
gap junction
amylose
anaphase I
hypothalamus
46. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.
NADH
target organs
sarcoplasmic reticulum
oxytocin
47. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter
thick filaments
diabetes mellitus
variable regions
ectoderm
48. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.
vital capacity
monocytes
ejaculatory duct
umbilical vessels
49. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
ductus arteriosus
aldosterone
extensor muscle
Secondary structure
50. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion
HCl
homologous chromosomes
cytochrome oxidase
metaphase I