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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






2. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






3. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






4. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






5. (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities






6. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






7. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






8. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






9. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






10. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






11. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus






12. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






13. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






14. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.






15. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






16. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






17. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc






18. Space between bones






19. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






20. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






21. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






22. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.






23. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






24. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






25. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.






26. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






27. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






28. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






29. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract






30. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia






31. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






32. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






33. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






34. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded






35. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






36. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






37. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






38. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






39. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






40. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






41. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






42. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






43. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






44. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






45. Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; stroke volume x heart rate






46. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






47. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






48. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






49. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






50. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.