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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






2. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






3. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






4. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






5. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






6. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






7. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






8. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






9. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






10. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






11. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






12. Tissue that connects bone to bone






13. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






14. The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.






15. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






16. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






17. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






18. The path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists






19. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






20. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






21. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






22. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






23. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






24. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






25. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and






26. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






27. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.






28. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.






29. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






30. Micorsopic - fiber - like structures that occupy most cytoplasm in skeletal muscle cells






31. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






32. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






33. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






34. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






35. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






36. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






37. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






38. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






39. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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40. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






41. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






42. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






43. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






44. Provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Specialized tissue includes bone - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - adipose tissue - and blood.






45. An enzyme that requires a cofactor to become catalytically active.






46. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






47. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






48. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane






49. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric






50. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.