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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach
cardiac sphincter
Eicosanoid
Hcg
nucleotides
2. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig
NADH
thyroid gland
primary response
ileum
3. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus
osteoporosis
A band
uterus
seminal fluid
4. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother
allosteric modulator
plasmids
countertransport
placenta
5. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.
determinate cleavage
cascade effect
reabsorption
oxygen debt
6. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.
ectoderm
epiphyses
relative refractory period
Protein
7. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
Cell membrane
mRNA
basement membrane
salts
8. Receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart
myosin
basement membrane
inferior vena cava
reticular layer
9. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
diploid
hypoglycemia
thromboplastin
induction
10. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
lymph nodes
osmotic pressure
chaperonins
cristae
11. Body cell; no egg or sperm
proton gradient
myosin binding sites
neurulation
autosomal cell
12. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell
androgens
semiautonomous
prophase II
neural tube
13. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize
Eukaryotes
allosteric modulator
actin
heart
14. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation
cardiac muscle
prostate gland
cytoskeleton
releasing hormones
15. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
ADP
Terpene
delta cells
thymosin
16. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.
relative refractory period
osmoregulation
Receptors
sister chromatids
17. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract
endocrine glands
chemiosmosis
extracellular digestion
HCl
18. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages
immunoglobulins
hypodermis
cell adhesion proteins
Glucose
19. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.
ileum
Hcg
chorion
macrophages
20. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.
eosinophils
homologous chromosomes
steroid hormones
heavy chains
21. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum
gland cells
portal systems
oogenesis
thromboplastin
22. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks
cilia
ovaries
tendons
chemical digestion
23. Antibodies such as IgA - IgE - IgC - IgM - and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.
spongy bone
latent period
sympathetic nervous system
immunoglobulins
24. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti
hypophyseal portal system
inflammatory response
adductor
Prostaglandins
25. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
allantois
steroid hormones
bases
ANS
26. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.
apoptosis
fibrinogen
thymosin
cartilage
27. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone
sarcoplasm
buffers
reversible reaction
calcitonin
28. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.
microtubule
immune cells
light chains
tricuspid valve
29. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis
immunoglobulins
homologous chromosomes
hydrogen bond
prophase II
30. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs
polar body
CNS
spirometer
FAD
31. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ
haversian systems
induced fit model
hepatic portal vein
cilia
32. A muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)
universal donor
G2 phase
jugular vein
smooth muscle
33. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis
sarcoplasm
autotrophic
GH
enzyme specificity
34. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
tonus
fibrinogen
alpha cells
exocytosis
35. Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; stroke volume x heart rate
regeneration
cardiac output
hypercapnia
essential amino acids
36. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
Fatty acids
red marrow
excretion
Saturated fatty acids
37. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals
melanin
cardiac output
pancreas
bone matrix
38. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
compact bone
canliculi
tubulins
nephron
39. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity
seminal fluid
fermentation
chorion
pyloric sphincter
40. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction
lactase
Fatty acids
humoral immunity
enzyme specificity
41. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy
Glycolipids
gland cells
pituitary gland
torpor
42. Found in the cytosol and contains - microfilaments - microtubules - and intermediate fibers. Gives the cell its shape and and anchor organelles. Functions in intracellular transport.
luteal phase
cytoskeleton
antigen binding site
parietal pleura
43. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.
epithelial tissue
foramen ovale
secretin
cretinism
44. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th
atrioventricular valves
primary response
scrotum
reabsorption
45. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
secretion
anaphase
pancreas
actin
46. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum
ETS
medulla oblongata
pancreatic juice
trypsinogen
47. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood
tarch
alpha cells
Lysosomes
first messengers
48. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.
spermatogenesis
larynx
metaphase I
synaptic cleft
49. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone
synaptic bouton
interstitial cells
cell mediated immunity
zymogen
50. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance
plasmid
blastula
cytotoxic T cells
z lines