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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
Glycoproteins
collagen
anterior pituitary
enterogastrone
2. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone
secondary response
spliceosome
diaphysis
coronary arteries
3. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.
trophoblast
tubulins
gall bladder
ectoderm
4. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.
compounds
mesoderm
supierior vena cava
transcription
5. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
oxidative phosphorylation
structural proteins
aldosterone
Glycosylation
6. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.
ovum
loose connective tissue
cervix
prokaryotes
7. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
peptide bond
maltase
CCK
chymotrypsin
8. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer
oogenesis
essential amino acids
lymphocytes
cell mediated immunity
9. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond
CNS
immune response
hydrogen bond
extensor muscle
10. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue
anaphase
gland cells
papillary layer
intrapleural space
11. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.
myofibrils
secondary spermatocytes
vacuole
intracellular digestion
12. Protein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached - which can further attach to a long pollysaccharide (making a complex) are the major component of the extracellular matrix
lacteals
osmoregulation
IgA
Proteoglycan
13. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
subatomic particle
ACTH
bile
T cells
14. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint
Telophase
arteries
flexor
cleavage
15. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
notochord
RNAi
passive diffusion
compounds
16. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr
afferent arteriole
apoenzyme
Glucose
catecholamines
17. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
chaperonins
hypothalamus
endometrium
somatic nervous system
18. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.
DNA polymerase
hydrostatic pressure
atoms
lymph capillaries
19. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.
hypoglycemia
primary spermatocytes
glucagon
hydrostatic pressure
20. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.
mRNA
globular protein
pancreas
amniotic fluid
21. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
yellow marrow
follicular phase
lactase
fertilization membrane
22. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)
basophils
side chain
reduction
transcription
23. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
thymosin
fallopian tube
essential amino acids
electron transfer
24. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
spindle fibers
thrombin
cotransport
cardiac output
25. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.
Active immunity
glycolysis
alpha amino acid
cell mediated immunity
26. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes
canliculi
collecting duct
plasma cell
hepatic portal vein
27. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
blastocyst
pyloric sphincter
secondary response
ATP
28. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.
Saturated fatty acids
fetal gas exchange
amylose
anaphase I
29. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
HCl
macrophages
epidermis
route of blood flow
30. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize
Haploid cell
ETS
Eukaryotes
expiratory reserve volume
31. The larger of the two component polypeptides of an immunoglobulin molecule. Heavy chains come in a variety of heavy- chain classes or isotypes - each of which confers a distinctive effector function on the antibody molecule.
dermis
heavy chains
gestation
lactic acid fermentation
32. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
structural proteins
adductor
expiratory reserve volume
secretion
33. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
thick filaments
articular cavity
compact bone
contraction period
34. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
sertoli cells
proton gradient
holoenzyme
ascending limb
35. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance
thrompoietin
PGAL
electrolytes
pituitary gland
36. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
cartilage
hromosome replication
parasympathetic nervous system
actual osmotic pressure
37. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself
renin
apoptosis
CNS
neutrophils
38. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
testosterone
metabolism
Telophase
pepsinogen
39. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.
diploid
receptor mediated endocytosis
mRNA
primary spermatocytes
40. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.
endochondral ossification
prophase
effector cell
addison's disease
41. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides
stratum granulosum
carboxypeptidase
carboxyhemoglobin
ATP synthetase
42. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.
gastric glands
Hydrogen Bond
notochord
lymph nodes
43. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
calvin cycle
epiphyseal plate
atrial natriuretic hormone
pyloric glands
44. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly
feedback inhibition
GH
negative pressure breathing
anaphase I
45. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
enzyme substrate complex
hemoglobin
translation
spirometer
46. The female reproductive cell
cardiovascular system
diabetes mellitus
placenta
ovum
47. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
intracellular digestion
enzyme substrate complex
Cofactor
lock and key theory
48. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity
cytochrome oxidase
alcohol fermentation
seminal fluid
ADH
49. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA
urethra
cardiovascular system
dsRNA
simple diffusion
50. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
intron
tropomyosin
ptyalin
cecum
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