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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






2. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults






3. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






4. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






5. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






6. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






7. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine






8. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






9. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






10. (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities






11. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






12. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






13. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






14. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






15. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone






16. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron






17. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.






18. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP






19. A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA - releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.






20. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






21. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.






22. The smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons.






23. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






24. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






25. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp






26. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






27. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






28. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






29. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






30. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






31. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






32. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






33. The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development






34. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






35. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






36. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






37. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






38. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






39. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






40. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






41. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






42. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing






43. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






44. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His






45. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






46. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






47. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






48. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






49. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






50. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.