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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






2. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






3. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






4. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






5. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






6. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






7. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






8. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion






9. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






10. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






11. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor






12. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






13. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






14. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






15. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






16. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






17. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






18. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






19. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






20. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously






21. The thin - moist part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out to the surrounding environment - must be in contact with an environmental source of oxygen and must be large enough to tak






22. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems






23. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen - ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues






24. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






25. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






26. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






27. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






28. A hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed - A globular protein found in muscle tissue that has the ability to bind oxygen. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen in the muscle for use in aerobic respiration






29. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






30. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






31. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






32. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






33. Covalent bond formed between amino acids






34. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






35. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






36. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






37. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






38. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation






39. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body






40. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.






41. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






42. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






43. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






44. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus






45. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






46. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






47. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






48. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.






49. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






50. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.