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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






2. Bone forming cells






3. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






4. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.






5. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






6. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium






7. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues






8. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct






9. Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell






10. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






11. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






12. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






13. Thin - walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place






14. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






15. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






16. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.






17. Adaptive immune response directed at antigenic components of the persons own body






18. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






19. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






20. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






21. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






22. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen






23. The part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum - End portion of the small intestine






24. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






25. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water






26. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.






27. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






28. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






29. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






30. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults






31. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






32. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






33. The maximum pressure that could develop in a solution when it is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane






34. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






35. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






36. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






37. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






38. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






39. Made of microtubules and as the centrosomes seperate they radiate in preperation for metaphase






40. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






41. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






42. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






43. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.






44. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






45. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






46. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






47. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal - resting breath - typically about 500 mL.






48. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






49. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






50. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.