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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






2. Secreted by the anterior pituitary. It is a general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size. It affects many tissues of the body; however its major effects are on the growth of muscle and the long bones of the body.






3. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






4. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






5. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out






6. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






7. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






8. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






9. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






10. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






11. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






12. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als






13. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






14. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






15. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






16. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.






17. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






18. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






19. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






20. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






21. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.






22. Carries blood from the internal Jugular to the right side of the heart






23. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






24. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






25. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






26. Consists of layer of compact bone encloses in spongy bone at the ends of the long bones






27. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






28. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






29. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells






30. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes






31. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






32. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






33. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults






34. Gel consisting of a network of insoluble protein fibers






35. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






36. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






37. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






38. A vessel in Which blood circulates






39. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






40. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






41. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






42. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






43. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin






44. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






45. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy






46. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






47. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






48. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






49. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.






50. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus