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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.
external intercostal muscles
threshold value
lymph capillaries
immovable joints
2. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
plasma cell
spindle fibers
hemophilia
Lysosomes
3. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
metaphase II
androgens
transcription
peroxisomes
4. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
aldosterone
acrosomal process
sarcoplasmic reticulum
secondary active transport
5. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Hcg
microtubule
chondrocytes
cytokinesis
6. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide
lacunae
proximal end
hydroxyapatite crystals
cytochromes
7. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
glomerulus
Nervous Tissue
tropomyosin
bases
8. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'
riacylglycerols
CRF
Carbohydrate
synovial capsule
9. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles
chorion
lymph nodes
asters
secretin
10. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
striated muscle
regeneration
sympathetic nervous system
neurotransmitters
11. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.
abductor
mesoderm
endometrium
alpha helix
12. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity
clot
heart
signal transduction
B cell
13. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus
subatomic particle
blastulation
anaphase
nucleolus
14. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.
semiautonomous
peptide hormones
interstitial cells
Protein
15. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.
prophase
ed blood cells
proton motive force
oxidative phosphorylation
16. Neuroepithelial edges of the neural groove - the apical edges of which meet in the midline to close the neural tube
neural folds
mesenchyme
autosomal cell
oncotic pressure
17. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum
trypsinogen
cardiac sphincter
anaphase
Osmosis
18. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme
Glycogen
anaphase
lock and key theory
gastric glands
19. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base
nucleotides
mesenchyme
vital capacity
Glycolipids
20. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
corona radiata
cleavage
oxytocin
metaphase II
21. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons
synaptic bouton
nucleolus
steroid hormones
hypodermis
22. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma
Nucleic acids
H band
bone resorption
Glycolipids
23. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
hypercapnia
Receptors
fertilization membrane
lacteals
24. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions
bronchioles
calvin cycle
cristae
plasmids
25. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.
immunoglobulin
IgM
erythrocytes
Mitotic phase
26. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus
osmolarity gradient
autotrophic
all or none response
monozygotic twins
27. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen
lamellae
polar body
fermentation
pineal gland
28. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
competitive inhibition
binary fission
lacunae
ctive site
29. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set
cardiac muscle
second messenger
actin
telopahse
30. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix
glomerulus
lamellae
surfactant
ETS
31. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles
myofibrils
ovum
G2 phase
inorganic phosphate
32. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
lower esophageal sphincter
osteocytes
Steroids
semiautonomous
33. A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair
ejaculatory duct
Haploid cell
proteasomes
smooth muscle
34. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.
linked genes
chorion
archenteron
spindle fibers
35. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f
ADH
osteocytes
synapse
feedback inhibition
36. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum
prolactin
foramen ovale
spermatozoa
anaphase
37. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
neural crest
thymosin
neurotransmitters
frequency summation
38. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus
alcohol fermentation
testes
humoral immunity
amniotic fluid
39. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
Hcg
umbilical arteries
synapsis
synovial fluid
40. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
atrial natriuretic hormone
metabolism
ADH
emulsification
41. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
enterogastrone
loop of henle
citric acid cycle
myogenic activity
42. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
external intercostal muscles
amino acids
androgens
ejaculatory duct
43. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen
white fibers
micelles
Glycoproteins
cilia
44. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce
cell adhesion proteins
acidosis
pyruvate decarboxylation
lymphatic system
45. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi
primary oocytes
proenzyme
cell cycle
Hcg
46. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells
cortical sex hormones
reticular fibers
intron
reversible reaction
47. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
islets of langerhans
lactase
spermatogenesis
periosteum
48. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
proximal convoluted tubule
plasma
plasma cell
cretinism
49. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature
signal transduction
interphase
Glycogen
circadian rythms
50. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium
vagus nerve
ligaments
chemiosmosis
coronary sinus