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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






2. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






3. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA






4. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system






5. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues






6. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






7. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






8. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.






9. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






10. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






11. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






12. The X- shaped - microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.






13. Tissue that connects muscle to bone






14. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






15. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






16. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.






17. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






18. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






19. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






20. Products of the first meiotic division - contain a haploid number of dyads - and undergo the second stage of meiotic division.






21. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






22. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






23. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






24. The female reproductive cell






25. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






26. A measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs






27. A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously






28. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






29. The mucous membrane that lines the inner wall of the uterus






30. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






31. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






32. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






33. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion






34. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric






35. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






36. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






37. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






38. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






39. A form of external male pseudohermaphroditism - characterized by the lack of androgen receptors in the external genitalia: these individuals have testes - but the body and the external genitalia are female. They typically have a rudimentary vagina -






40. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






41. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






42. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






43. An enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP.






44. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






45. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






46. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become






47. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






48. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






49. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






50. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters