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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






2. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






3. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






4. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






5. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






6. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






7. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






8. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






9. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






10. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






11. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones






12. Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.






13. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






14. Finger - like projections that increase the surface area and increase absorption






15. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






16. The hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs






17. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules






18. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta






19. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






20. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






21. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






22. A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously






23. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






24. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes






25. The cluster of cells inside the blastocyst that eventually develops into the embryo and some of the membranes that surround a mammalian embryo and fetus.






26. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes






27. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.






28. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells. Examples are hgb and the ones involved in the ETC in the inner membr






29. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






30. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






31. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






32. The layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles






33. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed






34. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






35. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues






36. Specialized cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that produce somatostatin (growth - hormone inhibiting hormone) - which inhibits the production and release of glucagons and insulin and slows the rate of digestive absorption






37. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors






38. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






39. A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans - this stage occurs within four days of fertilization.






40. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.






41. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the






42. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






43. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles






44. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla






45. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






46. There are four and they are embedded in the surface of the thyroid - function in the homeostasis of calcium ions. They secrete Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - which raises blood levels of calcium and thus has an effect opposite to that of the thyroid hor






47. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an






48. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






49. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.






50. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.