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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
potential osmotic pressure
nonspecific defense mechanism
carbonic anhydrase
chemical digestion
2. The part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum
telophase I
chymotrypsin
duodenum
lymph nodes
3. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base
nucleotides
cytoskeleton
gluconeogenesis
cardiac muscle
4. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end
tidal volume
gastrula
coenzymes
compact bone
5. The adrenal cortex secretes small quantities of androgens (male sex hormones) like androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone in both men and women; because in men - most of the androgens are produced by the testes - the physiologic effect of the adr
adrenal glands
enterogastrone
all or none response
cortical sex hormones
6. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach
abductor
bile
islets of langerhans
gastrin
7. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone
tertiary structure
composite cell
chiasmata
interstitial cells
8. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum
synapse
plasmid
acromegaly
oogenesis
9. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
thyroxine
CCK
synapsis
receptor mediated endocytosis
10. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.
angiotensin
secondary oocytes
second messenger
collecting duct
11. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
melanin
cytoskeleton
epinephrine
bile
12. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become
stratum lucidum
motor neuron
bronchioles
FSH
13. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.
amphipathic
creatine phosphate
apoptosis
monocytes
14. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood
striated muscle
cotransport
prothrombin
macrophages
15. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.
FSH
inner cell mass
Secondary structure
chorionic villi
16. Holds fluid which lubricates joints and decreases friction between joints.
regeneration
small intestine
chemical digestion
synovial capsule
17. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
duodenum
Osmosis
determinate cleavage
chymotrypsin
18. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus
fetal gas exchange
PTH
oxytocin
papillary layer
19. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
lymphocytes
villi
pineal gland
capsid
20. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors
small intestine
Vmax
HCl
proenzyme
21. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra
globular protein
Meiosis II
S phase
Secondary structure
22. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.
fibrin
ureter
thyroxine
alpha helix
23. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.
stratum basalis
small intestine
renal cortex
aorta
24. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
canliculi
filtration
coronary veins
somatotropin
25. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA
carboxyhemoglobin
dsRNA
H band
spindle apparatus
26. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA
complementary pairing
spermatogonia
gland cells
amino acid residue
27. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
somatic cell
Nucleic acids
troponin
hypertonic
28. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules
stratum granulosum
IgA
amino acids
Eicosanoid
29. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
myosin
anaphase I
interferons
allosteric effector
30. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
endoderm
micelles
renal artery
neural crest
31. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
melanin
vasa recta
surfactant
acromegaly
32. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
pineal gland
renal vein
hydroxyapatite crystals
PNS
33. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations
hypothalamus
endometrium
seminal vesicles
ACTH
34. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.
intramembranous ossification
primary spermatocytes
cristae
thermoregulation
35. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy
immunoglobulin
portal systems
obligatory base pairing
coenzymes
36. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system
leukocytes
gestation
Interphase
Osmosis
37. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
blastocyst
prophase I
deamination
flexor
38. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.
proton gradient
virus
glucagon
cortisone
39. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
PGAL
seminiferous tubules
uterus
gluconeogenesis
40. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.
salts
abductor
granular leukocytes
electrolytes
41. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
synovial capsule
myofibrils
pancreas
acid
42. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
diabetes mellitus
signal transduction
coenzymes
hyperglycemia
43. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement
glycolytic pathway
myogenic activity
extracellular digestion
flagella
44. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I
portal systems
diaphysis
angiotensin
hypercapnia
45. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules
external nares
hemoglobin
enzyme substrate complex
descending limb
46. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re
riacylglycerols
movable joints
immunoglobulins
sarcomeres
47. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.
peptide bond
basement membrane
cecum
alcohol fermentation
48. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.
metaphase II
diploid
oxytocin
alpha helix
49. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies
universal recipient
chorionic villi
route of blood flow
myosin
50. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state
mitochondria
cell division
relative refractory period
pyruvate decarboxylation