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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells






2. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






3. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






4. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






5. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






6. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis






7. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously






8. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






9. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






10. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






11. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






12. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System






13. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.






14. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






15. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






16. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






17. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






18. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






19. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






20. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






21. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






22. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract






23. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules






24. The influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells






25. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






26. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






27. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






28. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






29. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






30. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






31. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.






32. Water passively moves out - esp - in hypertonic medulla. Deeper more hypertonic=more H2O absorbed by kidney.






33. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






34. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.






35. 1) stimulates osteoclast activity - 2) stimulates osteoblast activity to a lesser degree. 3) reduces calcium loss in the urine 4) promotes calcium absorption in the intestine (by stimulating calcitiol production) - 5) decrease PTH could result in mus






36. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






37. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






38. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed






39. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






40. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and






41. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His






42. Self - digestion occurring in plant and animal tissues - particularly after they have ceased to function properly






43. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






44. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium






45. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






46. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






47. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...






48. Has low solubility in waterand high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. They are hydrophobic and are excellent barriers seperating aqueous environments. Six major types.






49. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






50. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.