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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






2. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






3. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






4. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






5. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen






6. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






7. Clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into the reproductive tract - where it can be fertilized






8. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






9. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






10. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






11. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






12. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood






13. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules






14. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.






15. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






16. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






17. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






18. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






19. The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery






20. The substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment






21. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






22. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






23. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






24. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH






25. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






26. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






27. (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number






28. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






29. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






30. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






31. The pyruvate from glycolysis either is used in biosynthesis or it is oxidized into acetyl coenzyme A. CoA enters this cyclic catabolic pathway. This cycle forms more precursor metabolites - ATP by substrate - level phosphorylation - NAD(P)H - and car






32. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






33. An acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria






34. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.






35. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp






36. The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.






37. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor






38. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






39. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients






40. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






41. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






42. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






43. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






44. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream






45. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






46. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






47. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






48. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






49. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






50. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.