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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very long organic compounds made up of carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen - and phosphurous - contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Nucleotides are formed by phosphodiester bonds.






2. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






3. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.






4. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.






5. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus






6. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






7. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






8. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






9. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






10. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






11. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






12. Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body. Covers the surface of the body.






13. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses






14. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






15. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






16. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






17. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






18. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






19. The class of immunoglobulin having






20. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






21. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






22. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






23. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state






24. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






25. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






26. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






27. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






28. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






29. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






30. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






31. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






32. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






33. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction






34. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






35. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc






36. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






37. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






38. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






39. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






40. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






41. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per






42. Specialized peroxisomes found in plant seeds that break down stored fats to provide energy for developing plant embroyo.






43. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones






44. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.






45. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






46. Hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells






47. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.






48. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






49. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






50. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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