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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
ectoderm
filtration
Hcg
collagenous fibers
2. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter
thick filaments
HRH
alpha amino acid
inferior vena cava
3. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose
ileum
maltase
loop of henle
glycolysis
4. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
efferent arteriole
spermatogonia
platelets
end product inhibition
5. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
allantois
chondrocytes
papillary layer
regeneration
6. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).
carbonic anhydrase
lymph nodes
reticular layer
filtration
7. Neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His
IgE
atrioventricular node
IgM
allosteric activators
8. Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function
Glycoproteins
chief cells
vasopressin
dialysis
9. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts
ovaries
secondary response
blastocyst
immune system
10. Specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
humoral immunity
enterogastrone
Glycogen
Vmax
11. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
endoskeleton
amylose
prophase II
lacunae
12. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
fight or flight response
RNAi
caveolae
binary fission
13. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
Phospholipid
aldosterone
renin angiotensin system
uterus
14. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
atrioventricular node
thromboplastin
oxygen debt
haversian canal
15. The maximal volume of air that the lungs can contain. Total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume - and is typically about 6000 mL (6L).
hromosome replication
total lung capacity
norepinephrine
somatic nervous system
16. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage
neural tube
endoskeleton
chemical digestion
pancreatic juice
17. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
metaphase
ureter
Lipids
spongy bone
18. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver
cell mediated immunity
ductus venosus
umbilical chord
primary spermatocytes
19. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
contraction period
cartilage
gastrin
antigen binding site
20. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.
uterus
Michaelis constant
first messengers
NAD
21. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.
riacylglycerols
Bacteria
spindle fibers
lungs
22. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)
chorion
IgG
plasmids
thin filaments
23. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.
hydrogen bond
interstitial cells
heart rate
vasa recta
24. Gonadotropin releasing hormone; a decapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins (as luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) -- abbreviation GnRH
citric acid cycle
GnRH
epididymus
determinate cleavage
25. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.
carboxypeptidase
antigen
islets of langerhans
renal artery
26. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.
gland cells
alpha amino acid
hypophysis
ATP
27. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase
structural proteins
vasopressin
chief cells
absolute refractory period
28. Substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys another substance that is introduced into the body; antibody
amino acid derived hormones
alimentary canal
immunoglobulin
vasa recta
29. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
ectoderm
PNS
plasma
complementary pairing
30. The passage to the stomach and lungs
amniotic fluid
seminal fluid
veins
pharynx
31. The bonds between the phosphate groups
dizygotic twins
maltase
morula
high energy bonds
32. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
ubiquinone
determinate cleavage
adrenal glands
articular cartilage
33. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
Facilitated diffusion
proteasomes
action potential
carbonic anhydrase
34. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Hcg
coronary arteries
parietal cells
simple diffusion
35. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
tonus
metaphase II
nephron
route of blood flow
36. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway
cancellous bone
autoimmune response
cervix
feedback inhibition
37. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.
troponin
excretion
hydrostatic pressure
specific defense mechanism
38. A chart showing the relative amounts of oxygen bound to hemoglobin when the pigment is exposed to solutions varying in their partial pressure of dissolved oxygen - pH - or other characteristics.
dissociation curve
BNP
cardiovascular system
anaphase II
39. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.
deuterstomes
secretin
ADH
hyperthyroidism
40. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
autoimmune response
Cytochromes
thin filaments
Telophase
41. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
hromosome replication
purkinje fibers
alcohol fermentation
mucosa
42. Polar hormones incapable of permeating the cell membrane that bind to surface receptors and act through secondary messengers
peptide hormones
reversible reaction
cotransport
canliculi
43. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)
chymotrypsinogen
portal systems
carboxypeptidase
thermoregulation
44. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus
blastopore
mitochondrial matrix
endoderm
T lymphocyte
45. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
spongy bone
eosinophils
reversible reaction
caveolae
46. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products
immune response
thrombin
umbilical chord
osteons
47. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin
Michaelis constant
AMP
tarch
fallopian tube
48. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent
villi
budding
gastrula
hypertonic solution
49. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint
epiglottis
ductus arteriosus
flexor
calvin cycle
50. The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin
absolute refractory period
ATPase
intermediate filaments
spermatozoa