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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






2. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






3. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults






4. Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.






5. An antibody that is involved in hypersensitivity and allergies. For some reason the body makes this antibody instead of IgG/A






6. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






7. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types






8. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






9. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






10. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






11. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






12. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






13. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.






14. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.






15. Boundaries of the sarcomere which give skeletal muscle its striated appearance






16. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






17. Direct the antigen - antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system






18. System of tubules that provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers to facilitate the propagation of an action potential.






19. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen - ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues






20. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions






21. Refers to a chain of events initiated by an unnecessary test - an unexpected result - or patient or physician anxiety - which results in ill - advised tests or treatments[1] that may cause harm to patients as the results are pursued.






22. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






23. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






24. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






25. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood






26. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






27. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






28. Generalized edema with accumulation of serum in subcutaneous connective tissue






29. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






30. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






31. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






32. Luteinizing hormone - ovulation and egg release - maturation of egg - release of testosterone in males.






33. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood






34. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct






35. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane






36. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors






37. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






38. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






39. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






40. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.






41. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






42. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






43. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






44. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes






45. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






46. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






47. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






48. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






49. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






50. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea