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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






2. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver






3. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






4. Body cell; no egg or sperm






5. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






6. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






7. A cell of the gastric glands that secretes pepsinogen (breaks down protein) and gastric lypase






8. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






9. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






10. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction






11. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






12. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






13. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






14. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.






15. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






16. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






17. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






18. Carries blood from the internal Jugular to the right side of the heart






19. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






20. The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.






21. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions






22. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






23. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






24. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.






25. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






26. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






27. Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glyco






28. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






29. A blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta






30. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






31. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones






32. Organisms that first forms a mouth when it develops.






33. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






34. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






35. A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract






36. The passage between the pharynx and the stomach






37. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






38. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.






39. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






40. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






41. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.






42. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






43. A muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)






44. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP - the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid - which makes a






45. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






46. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






47. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream






48. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle






49. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






50. Tiny passageways interconnecting the lacunae/osteocytes with the blood vessels - nerves - etc. in the Haversain Canal of an Haversian System