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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






2. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






3. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.






4. Substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same.






5. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






6. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.






7. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






8. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer






9. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






10. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






11. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






12. Protein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached - which can further attach to a long pollysaccharide (making a complex) are the major component of the extracellular matrix






13. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






14. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint






15. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






16. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






17. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






18. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






19. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.






20. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






21. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






22. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






23. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






24. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






25. The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon also known as the alpha carbon. Called this because the amine is attached to the carbon in the alpha position.






26. A lymphocyte - like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen - Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes






27. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






28. Occurs across the placenta - fetal lungs do not become functional until birth.






29. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






30. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






31. The larger of the two component polypeptides of an immunoglobulin molecule. Heavy chains come in a variety of heavy- chain classes or isotypes - each of which confers a distinctive effector function on the antibody molecule.






32. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






33. Hard - dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone






34. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






35. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






36. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






37. A type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself






38. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty






39. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.






40. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






41. Found in pancreatic juice pancreatic amylase; secreted by pancreatic acinar cells; process proteins: terminal amino acids at carboxyl end of peptides






42. Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.






43. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






44. Contraction of diaphragm and the intercostal muscles - increasing thoracic volume - reducing pressure in the intrapleural space creating a vacuum that causes the lungs to suck in air - as well as draw in blood from the rest of the body (particularly






45. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






46. The female reproductive cell






47. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






48. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






49. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






50. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c







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