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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glyco






2. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.






3. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






4. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






5. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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6. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






7. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production






8. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






9. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






10. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






11. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme






12. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






13. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






14. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen - ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues






15. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






16. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






17. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






18. Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone






19. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






20. Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix - releasing calcium ions into the blood






21. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






22. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.






23. A form of external male pseudohermaphroditism - characterized by the lack of androgen receptors in the external genitalia: these individuals have testes - but the body and the external genitalia are female. They typically have a rudimentary vagina -






24. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






25. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






26. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.






27. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






28. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






29. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






30. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






31. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended






32. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






33. Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses. Three types skeletal - cardiac - and smooth.






34. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






35. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






36. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






37. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






38. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation






39. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.






40. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate






41. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






42. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






43. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) - involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.






44. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






45. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






46. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows - copies its DNA - and synthesizes proteins






47. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






48. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






49. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






50. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle