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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






2. Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that can suppress secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary






3. Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.






4. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






5. Space between the two membranes - visceral pleura and parietal pleura - that cover the lungs.






6. Wavelike contraction of the walls of the intestines - which propels contents onward






7. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






8. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct






9. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses






10. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






11. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






12. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






13. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






14. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






15. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule






16. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production






17. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






18. Joint that allows range of movement






19. Lacking affinity for water






20. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






21. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






22. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton






23. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






24. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






25. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






26. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity






27. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






28. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






29. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.






30. Veins in the neck that return blood from the head






31. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






32. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






33. One of the formed elements present in our blood. They function in hemostasis (blood clot formation). They are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow. They appear to be irregular - darkly stained shapes.






34. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.






35. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.






36. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






37. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






38. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






39. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






40. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






41. Proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion.






42. A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord






43. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






44. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






45. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes






46. The period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division - typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions






47. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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48. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






49. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






50. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the peptide GLUCAGON - which increases glucose levels in the blood