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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH
hypoglycemia
Glucose
stratum granulosum
buffers
2. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.
archenteron
3
H band
norepinephrine
3. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce
amnion
latent period
AMP
lactic acid fermentation
4. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon
aorta
gastrula
mesoderm
fertilization membrane
5. (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
cascade effect
diaphragm
frequency summation
second messenger
6. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.
lamellae
enzyme
Dehydration synthesis
lock and key theory
7. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.
catabolism
meiosis
semilunar valve
metabolism
8. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
cell mediated immunity
umbilical arteries
endochondral ossification
anaphase
9. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.
side chain
blastocyst
lymphatic system
lipases
10. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'
renin
abductor
epiglottis
CRF
11. A long - muscular tube that begins at teh mouth and includes the mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomcah - small intestine - large intestine - and anus
rRNA
prostaglandins
catabolism
alimentary canal
12. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions
primary response
plasmids
visceral pleura
granular leukocytes
13. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.
GnRH
dsRNA
renin angiotensin system
alcohol fermentation
14. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.
frequency summation
myosin
myogenic activity
nucleotides
15. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond
hydrogen bond
neural folds
blastopore
cortical reaction
16. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g
neurotransmitters
cytokinesis
ureter
Chylomicrons
17. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc
gland cells
yolk sac
renin
NADH
18. Space between bones
dermis
articular cavity
thalamus
glomerulus
19. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.
Bacteria
myogenic activity
trypsinogen
seminal fluid
20. Complete 'active enzyme'. Includes an apoenzyme attached to a coenzyme
holoenzyme
IgA
epidermis
Hydrolysis
21. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
lactic acid
peptide hormones
simple diffusion
thin filaments
22. The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
afferent arteriole
blastopore
osteons
Telophase
23. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder
proximal end
cortical reaction
reticular layer
small intestine
24. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
synovial capsule
goiter
proteome
ectoderm
25. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.
Binary fission
oral cavity
skeletal muscle
ovaries
26. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
hypothyroidism
cAMP
aldosterone
ketoacidosis
27. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.
renin
Eicosanoid
regeneration
spermatogonia
28. The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes
blastopore
cortisol
granular leukocytes
afferent arteriole
29. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract
osteoporosis
seminiferous tubules
exoskeleton
purkinje fibers
30. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia
virus
Rh factor
regulator
motor neuron
31. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
endoderm
gastrin
troponin
kinase
32. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent
cascade effect
hypodermis
Dehydration synthesis
budding
33. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.
FADH
red marrow
target organs
angiotensin
34. A small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
polar body
Unsaturated fatty acid
lymphatic system
releasing hormones
35. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
IgG
lipoprotein
peroxisomes
lower esophageal sphincter
36. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
telophase I
parasympathetic nervous system
hyperglycemia
pharynx
37. The first phase of meiosis II. Prophase II is identical to mitotic prophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I. - microtubules attach to duplicated chromosomes in each of the 2 haploid daughter cells
Interphase
caveolae
secretion
prophase II
38. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.
PGAL
spindle fibers
enterokinase
osmoregulation
39. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
ascending limb
acid
antibody
umbilical chord
40. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons
synaptic bouton
Carbohydrate
dialysis
myosin
41. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
action potential
thrombin
IgA
cyanobacteria
42. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.
secondary active transport
secondary oocytes
reticular fibers
Prostaglandins
43. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.
hypercapnia
histamine
zona pellucida
glycolysis
44. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts
Proline
immune system
cardiac output
vacuole
45. Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; stroke volume x heart rate
Phospholipid bilayer
route of blood flow
cardiac output
tetanus
46. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen
pyloric glands
prokaryotes
FADH
cytochrome oxidase
47. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.
potential osmotic pressure
microtubule
yolk sac
allosteric activators
48. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.
semilunar valve
tarch
urethra
vacuole
49. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.
enzyme substrate complex
posterior pituitary
efferent arteriole
proton gradient
50. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.
circadian rythms
arteries
variable regions
anaphase