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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution






2. Immunoglobulin. Less than 3%. Found only as a receptor on B cell membrane - Doesn't allow antigens to get into the body - Not secreted - stays attached to B cell






3. Glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti - inflammatory agent






4. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






5. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






6. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.






7. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






8. A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products






9. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






10. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)






11. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






12. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






13. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.






14. A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarize state and will only fire again if the incoming message open parentheses impulse) is stronger than usual; returning to arresting state






15. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






16. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






17. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






18. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






19. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






20. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






21. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






22. Finger - like projections that increase the surface area and increase absorption






23. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






24. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






25. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






26. A class of fatty acids that regulate blood vessel vasodilation - temperature elevation - WBC activation - and other physiologic processes involved in immunity.






27. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






28. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






29. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them






30. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






31. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.






32. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






33. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






34. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






35. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.






36. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






37. A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules






38. Protein filaments inside a myofibril are organized into repeating functional units - (10 -000/myofibrils) smallest function unit of muscle fibers 1- thick filaments - myosin 2- thin fillament - actin 3- proteins that stablize 4- proteins that will re






39. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






40. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.






41. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






42. Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins; they work by keeping the new polypeptide segregated from bad influences in the cytoplasmic environment while it folds spontaneously






43. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions






44. Another term for R- group; variable grp of an amino acid that differs w/ each and determines the unique characteristics of a particular amino acid. also attached to the alpha carbon.






45. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






46. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






47. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






48. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






49. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






50. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it