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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues






2. The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is essentialy a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is hyighly concnetrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself - so the pressure requ






3. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin






4. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production






5. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.






6. Semifluid medium containing organelles.






7. They way in which DNA base pairs are arranged






8. An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection






9. An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms






10. A stable complex of hemoglobin and carbon monoxide that prevents normal oxygen uptake in the blood.






11. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






12. Secreted by the anterior pituitary. It is a general metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size. It affects many tissues of the body; however its major effects are on the growth of muscle and the long bones of the body.






13. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






14. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.






15. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






16. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






17. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






18. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.






19. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






20. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






21. Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored






22. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






23. The smooth ER of a muscle cell - enlarged and specialized to act as a Ca2+ reservoir. The SR winds around each myofibril in the muscle cell.






24. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






25. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






26. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






27. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






28. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






29. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






30. Produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress - growth - and reproduction






31. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






32. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






33. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them






34. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.






35. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






36. The coupling of the 'downhill' diffusion of one substance to the 'uphill' transport of another against its own concentration gradient






37. Rapid antibody production that occurs following re - exposure to the antigen. IgG is the predominant antibody produced during this.






38. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






39. A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.






40. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






41. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






42. The passage to the stomach and lungs






43. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






44. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






45. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






46. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






47. Whiplike tails found in one - celled organisms to aid in movement






48. Abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen - ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues






49. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






50. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid