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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glands located in the walls of the stomach - secreting the hormone gastrin in response to certain substances in food.






2. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed






3. These are finger like projections that form the fetal portion of the placenta. By the 8th week - chorionic villi sampling is possible.






4. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






5. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






6. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






7. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






8. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.






9. Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended






10. The thin endometrium layer of the uterus that does not shed and is responsible for forming a new functional layer after menstruation ends






11. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






12. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. closes when the right ventricle contracts - allowing blood flow into the lungs and prevent backflow into the right atrium






13. Membrane - bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. Are larger than vesicles and are more likely found in plant cells.






14. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






15. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






16. A substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water






17. Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings - DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.






18. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






19. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






20. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






21. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses






22. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






23. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






24. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






25. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






26. A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds - fruits - tubers - roots and stem pith of plants - notably in corn - potatoes - wheat - and rice. Forms include amylose and amylopectin






27. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






28. The movement of substances into or out of cells without the expenditure of energy or the involvement of transport proteins in the cell membrane. Also called simple diffusion.






29. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






30. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I






31. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






32. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






33. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory






34. Very important in binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues - Keratins - collagens - and cytoskeleton - Proteins that are important for holding cells and organisms together - such as the proteins that make up the cell






35. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






36. Veins in the neck that return blood from the head






37. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.






38. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






39. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






40. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






41. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






42. The immune reaction that occurs the first time a person is exposed to a particular antigen. protective antibodies appear about 3-6 days while naive B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells. causes the level in the blood plasma to rise. Ig






43. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






44. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - an acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






45. In the testes - these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone






46. Lipoproteins formed in the cells lining the small intestine following absorption of fats. they are made in the small intestinal cells and transpost dietary lipids to the liver.






47. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






48. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.






49. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






50. Covalent bond formed between amino acids