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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






2. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






3. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems






4. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






5. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






6. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






7. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot






8. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






9. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.






10. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






11. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






12. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






13. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






14. The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.






15. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






16. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






17. Building blocks of lipids. - chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Typically there is an even number of carbons with the maximum in humans being 24. Can be saturated or unsaturated.






18. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






19. The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber






20. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






21. A chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water. Breaks apart most macromolecules of living cells.






22. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia






23. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






24. Contains centers that control several visceral functions - including breathing - heart and blood vessel activity - swallowing - vomiting - and digestion.






25. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






26. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.






27. An organism that uses energy to control its internal environment






28. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.






29. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






30. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






31. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I






32. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






33. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins






34. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






35. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport






36. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






37. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






38. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus






39. Inner tissue layer of the kidney. Contains loops of Henle and collecting tubules. Contains pyramids.






40. Condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin - resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose






41. Synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next






42. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus






43. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






44. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.






45. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






46. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






47. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






48. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles






49. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






50. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract