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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe
peroxisomes
glucagon
anabolism
quarternary structure
2. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
pineal gland
renal vein
follicles
chylomicrons
3. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae
blastulation
glucocorticoids
chondrocytes
testosterone
4. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
sinoatrial node
Osmosis
proteasomes
spermatogenesis
5. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.
myosin
thrompoietin
3
oxytocin
6. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more
pyloric sphincter
end product inhibition
peristalsis
phagocytosis
7. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer
proton gradient
sarcolemma
hypophyseal portal system
lymphocytes
8. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.
lock and key theory
coronary veins
Carbohydrate
ubiquinone
9. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals
internal intercostal muscles
simple diffusion
hypothalamus
spermatogenesis
10. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an
obligate intracellular parasite
Lipids
secretin
telophase I
11. Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base - A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes - having a polar - hydrophilic head and a nonpolar - hydrophobic tail. Are als
G2 phase
amylopectin
testosterone
Phospholipid
12. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end
thymosin
inflammatory response
respiratory center
gastrula
13. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants
cardiac sphincter
lactic acid fermentation
meiosis
noncompetitive inhibition
14. A digestive enzyme of the saliva that turns starch into maltose (salivary amylase)
T cells
dissociation curve
side chain
ptyalin
15. Units in the microscopic structure of mammalian bone. layers of mineralized matrix are deposited around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone
Denaturation
haversian systems
Muscle Tissue
fibrinogen
16. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
anterior pituitary
proton gradient
ATP
target organs
17. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage
hydrostatic pressure
peptidases
endoskeleton
electron transfer
18. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules
GH
fibrinogen
alpha amino acid
amino acids
19. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b
intermediate filaments
adrenal glands
nuclear pore complex
Lysosomes
20. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
tonus
torpor
acid
ed blood cells
21. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)
genetic recombination
B lymphocyte
Nucleic acids
bacteriophage
22. On a hydra - they secrete mucus onto the body surface - particularly around the mouth and basal disc
forces creating tertiary structure
gastrin
gland cells
follicular phase
23. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
functional groups
lymph capillaries
homologous chromosomes
zymogen
24. Is of crucial importance when it comes to copying and repairing DNA
endocrine glands
indeterminate cleavage
complementary pairing
aldosterone
25. (RAS) or the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS) - hormone system regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood pressure is low - kidneys secrete renin. Renin stimulates production of angiotensin causing blood vessels to constric
H band
dermis
GnRH
renin angiotensin system
26. Any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney - functional unit of the kidney
Receptors
anaphase I
nephron
autoimmune response
27. The influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells
secretion
oxaloacetate
endoskeleton
induction
28. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber
kinase
Osmosis
osteocytes
sarcolemma
29. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin
afferent arteriole
basophils
ejaculatory duct
cell division
30. Excited electrons are passed from protein to protein in the thylakoid membrane
basement membrane
canliculi
3
ETS
31. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response
trypsinogen
skeletal muscle
antibody
Fatty acids
32. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria
thrompoietin
oogenesis
peroxisomes
activation energy
33. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.
nuclear pore complex
microtubule
amphipathic
centrioles
34. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle
actin
scrotum
restriction point
torpor
35. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance
lymphokines
gestation
electrolytes
oral cavity
36. The passage to the stomach and lungs
corona radiata
extracellular digestion
pharynx
Hydrophobic
37. First and longest phase of mitosis - during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
sarcolemma
prophase
budding
Phospholipid
38. The smallest branches that the bronchi divide into. Considering the amount of cartilaginous reinforcements in the walls decreases as the size decreases - these have an increasing amount of smooth muscle the smaller they become
bronchioles
cytosol
hromosome replication
ligaments
39. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.
enzyme specificity
anabolism
interphase
inflammatory response
40. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood
beta cells
luteal phase
red fibers
fermentation
41. Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
osteocytes
epiphyseal plate
Hydrogen Bond
thrompoietin
42. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies
antigen
thyroid gland
cortisone
parasympathetic nervous system
43. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
androgens
collecting duct
heart rate
cardiac sphincter
44. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react
endocrine glands
sarcoplasmic reticulum
salts
melanocyte
45. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion
hypothalamus
anaphase
Hcg
linked genes
46. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.
Glycosylation
elastic fibers
bacteriophage
atoms
47. A cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus
umbilical cord
epinephrine
medulla oblongata
transverse tubules
48. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Phospholipid bilayer
hemoglobin
blastocyst
49. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.
secondary spermatocytes
Nucleotide
synovial capsule
heavy chains
50. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.
expiratory reserve volume
essential amino acids
ascending limb
thyroxine
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