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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood






2. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






3. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






4. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






5. The bonds between the phosphate groups






6. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






7. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






8. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.






9. The larger of the two component polypeptides of an immunoglobulin molecule. Heavy chains come in a variety of heavy- chain classes or isotypes - each of which confers a distinctive effector function on the antibody molecule.






10. A physiological reaction to threat that in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organisms for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) and enemy






11. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations






12. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.






13. Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra






14. This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels - and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes 'policing of body fluids and






15. Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; stroke volume x heart rate






16. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






17. Is a negative feedback process which regulates the reaction rate. If it gets too much it begins to produce less if it becomes scarce or doesn't produce enough it begins to produce more






18. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






19. The body system that consists of the heart - blood vessels - and blood - and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells






20. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






21. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.






22. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






23. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






24. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






25. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






26. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies






27. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






28. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






29. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






30. A fluid - filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus.






31. Duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct






32. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






33. Tiny hair - like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area.






34. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






35. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






36. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






37. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.






38. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen






39. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






40. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






41. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






42. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






43. The external pouch that contains the testes






44. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






45. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia






46. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






47. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






48. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse






49. The digestive secretion of the pancreas containing sodium bicarbonate - amylase - proteases - and lipases






50. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.