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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction.






2. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations






3. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together






4. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






5. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






6. Enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin






7. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






8. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






9. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






10. Consists of layer of compact bone encloses in spongy bone at the ends of the long bones






11. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates






12. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






13. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla






14. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






15. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






16. The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes.






17. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






18. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






19. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.






20. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






21. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






22. Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.






23. Body cell; no egg or sperm






24. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them






25. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile






26. Synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)- protein - coupled receptors and






27. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






28. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin






29. These are absorbed by the intestinal wall cells and are made up of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. - formed when amphipathic molecules are mixed with water - polar regions on outside - non polar regions on inside






30. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






31. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation






32. (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA






33. Membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi






34. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.






35. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






36. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






37. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






38. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






39. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.






40. Of or relating to organisms (as green plants) that can make complex organic nutritive compounds from simple inorganic sources by photosynthesis






41. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






42. Located in the centrosome area - and are found in animal cells but not in plant cells.






43. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






44. The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems






45. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






46. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






47. Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather - transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.






48. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity






49. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






50. The process by which wastes are removed from the body