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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






2. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






3. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen






4. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium






5. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle






6. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






7. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






8. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent






9. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






10. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins






11. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






12. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies






13. Any of several quinones that function as electron - carrying coenzymes.






14. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






15. Noradrenaline; chemical which is excitatory - similar to adrenaline - and affects arousal and memory; raises blood pressure by causing blood vessels to become constricted - but also carried by bloodstream to the anterior pituitary which relaxes ACTH






16. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






17. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






18. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






19. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






20. Type of nucleic acid located in some viruses and in human tRNA and rRNA as localized hairpin loops and stem loops double strand RNA






21. Converted in the lung capillaries from angiotensin I; stimulates production of alderostone in the adrenal cortex






22. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






23. The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus






24. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






25. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






26. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






27. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks






28. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






29. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






30. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






31. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






32. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






33. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






34. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






35. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.






36. Covalent bond formed between amino acids






37. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






38. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.






39. A system of blood vessels where the blood passes from arteries to capillaries to veins - then through a second set of capillaries - and then through a final set of veins. THere are two portal systems in the body - the hepatic portal system and the hy






40. Pressure that has already developed in a solution due to osmosis.






41. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






42. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






43. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






44. Connects the left and right atria - allowing blood to flow directly from the right to the left side of the heart






45. Minimal value that must be reached for the system to respond. Muscle fibers and neurons exhibit an all - or - none response - where the system initiates an action potential only if stimulus is sufficient.






46. The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.






47. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






48. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






49. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.






50. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity