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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An enzyme present in erythrocytes (as well as in other places) that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid (H2CO3).






2. The organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease the organ's activity level.






3. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen






4. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






5. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






6. A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle






7. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






8. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






9. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.






10. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.






11. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






12. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH






13. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






14. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






15. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






16. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells






17. Theory of enzyme catalysis stating that the active site's structure is complementary to the structure of the substrate.






18. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






19. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






20. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






21. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






22. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






23. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






24. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






25. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein






26. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid






27. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






28. The brain's sensory switchboard - located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla






29. During this time - calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum - myosin - binding sites are covered by tropomyosin - myosin heads detach from actin - and tension in the muscle fiber decreases






30. Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; stroke volume x heart rate






31. A four - carbon molecule that binds with the two - carbon acetyl unit of acetyl - CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle.






32. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






33. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






34. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses






35. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






36. Bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells






37. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts






38. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system






39. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






40. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






41. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






42. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together






43. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






44. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






45. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






46. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






47. Holds membrane bound vesicle full of neurotransmitters






48. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






49. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






50. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele