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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






2. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






3. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen






4. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)






5. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






6. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues






7. A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair






8. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






9. The increase in concentration of solutes from the cortex to the medulla - allows for urine hypertonicity






10. Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone






11. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






12. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






13. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






14. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






15. The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.






16. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






17. Used by hypothalamus to control the pituitary release of tropic hormones






18. Iron - containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells






19. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.






20. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.






21. Maximum enzyme functioning velocity Decreases w/non competitive inhibitors






22. Organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop






23. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






24. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






25. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals.






26. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






27. Thin - walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place






28. Clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into the reproductive tract - where it can be fertilized






29. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






30. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






31. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA






32. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.






33. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle






34. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






35. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






36. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






37. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






38. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed






39. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.






40. Organelles that serve as specialized containers for metabolic reactions.






41. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






42. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






43. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I






44. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract






45. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






46. Strand of Actin. Each actin has an active site that can interact with Myosin. Active sites are covered by tropomyosin strands - which are held in place by Troponin.






47. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood






48. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






49. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.






50. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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