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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






2. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






3. The hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs






4. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.






5. Voluntary - striated muscle that moves bones - works in pairs and is attatched to bones by tendons






6. A coenzyme that is tightly bound to an enzyme. A prosthetic group - unlike a cosubstrate - remains bound to a specific site of the enzyme throughout the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.






7. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






8. Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria






9. Short - chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties - each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (a






10. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments






11. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism






12. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






13. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance






14. The process by which wastes are removed from the body






15. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






16. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty






17. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






18. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal






19. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.






20. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






21. An aggregation of several ribosomes attached to one messenger RNA molecule.






22. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






23. The loop of the nephron that dips downward into the renal medulla. The loop of Henle sets up a concentration gradient in the kidney such that from the cortex to the renal pelvis osmolarity increases. The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permea






24. Comes in at a site other than active site but alters shape of enzyme so it can no longer bind reactants






25. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






26. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.






27. Located at the base of the esophagus and functions to prevent food materials from entering the esophagus from the stomach






28. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






29. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






30. A thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessels - forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium.






31. Identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells - each of which develops into a separate embryo






32. Space between bones






33. A compound - such as hemoglobin - made up of a protein molecule and a nonprotein prosthetic group.






34. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






35. A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early






36. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






37. Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation






38. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins






39. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart






40. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I






41. A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes - in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.






42. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






43. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






44. Strawlike tube between an ovary and the uterus through which an ovum passes after ovulation






45. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






46. Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate.






47. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






48. The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. Once this is formed the single cahin can twist into the alpha helix or lie along itself and form a B- pleated sheet.






49. An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly.






50. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates