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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.
essential amino acids
contraction period
proteasomes
acrosome
2. Joint - lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
Steroids
autoimmune response
dsRNA
synovial fluid
3. Presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
sarcomeres
ketoacidosis
dsRNA
Chylomicrons
4. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place
eosinophils
haversian systems
glomerulus
appendicular skeleton
5. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
troponin
budding
coronary sinus
Glucose
6. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
immunoglobulin
larynx
PGAL
notochord
7. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.
Hydrophobic
granular leukocytes
basophils
universal recipient
8. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down
portal systems
jugular vein
suppressor T cells
gluconeogenesis
9. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation
Active immunity
smooth muscle
prolactin
prostate gland
10. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. Involved of the transport of materials throughout the cell.
prolactin
immunoglobulins
enzyme
endoplasmic reticulum
11. A nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism
haversian systems
disulfide linkages
immovable joints
AMP
12. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.
I band
hromosome replication
Mitotic phase
riacylglycerols
13. The elastic tension of living muscles - arteries - etc. that facilitate response to stimuli
troponin
globular protein
alpha helix
tonus
14. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
flexor
intrapleural space
Rh factor
Denaturation
15. When immunity relies on lymphoctyes - like helper and killer t cells - the first type of t cells activating the latter - which ruptures macrophage and kills the infected cell
Vmax
red marrow
cell mediated immunity
concentration gradient
16. Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
trachea
centrioles
bases
substrate level phosphorylation
17. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation
trophoblast
oncotic pressure
enzyme
ACTH
18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.
Facilitated diffusion
Glycoproteins
capillaries
erythrocytes
19. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t
heart
ETS
nucleotides
hypophysis
20. White blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates
parietal pleura
eosinophils
anaphase
neural tube
21. Pressure that has already developed in a solution due to osmosis.
Proline
synaptic cleft
actual osmotic pressure
endoplasmic reticulum
22. Joint that allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and are held together by either connective tissue or are fused together
Binary fission
immovable joints
immunoglobulins
systole
23. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
telomeres
Dehydration synthesis
IgM
renal cortex
24. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual
follicular phase
endoderm
oxygen debt
synovial fluid
25. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure
smooth ER
renal vein
carbonic anhydrase
BNP
26. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.
synergistic muscle
pancreas
umbilical arteries
fibrinogen
27. Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored
homoeostasis
Prostaglandins
epididymus
steroid hormones
28. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin
variable regions
CNS
Carbohydrate
fibroblasts
29. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.
maltase
phagocytosis
eosinophils
Lysosomes
30. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.
proenzyme
ADH
endochondral ossification
hyperthyroidism
31. Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness - slow pulse - and often obesity
hypothyroidism
mucous cells
cardiovascular system
synergistic muscle
32. Measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
stroke volume
periosteum
cell adhesion proteins
systole
33. The external pouch that contains the testes
scrotum
gestation
Hcg
pharynx
34. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
crossing over
morula
nephron
Lysosomes
35. A bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
Cofactor
descending limb
immune response
dialysis
36. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.
holoenzyme
flexor
citric acid cycle
Primary structure
37. A way of assessing the function of a gene by introducing special transgenic constructs to inactivate its mRNA
RNAi
homeotherm
BNP
proton motive force
38. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.
lacteals
ADP
exocytosis
melanocyte
39. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
flagella
proteasomes
endocrine glands
anaphase
40. Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite flutuations in external conditions
cytoskeleton
A band
homoeostasis
striated muscle
41. From the umbilical vein - where most of the fetal blood flows through the liver
Hydrolysis
ductus venosus
enzyme substrate complex
virus
42. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
TSH
anaphase
synovial fluid
homologous chromosomes
43. Space between bones
Terpene
addison's disease
snRNP
articular cavity
44. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
ATP
GH
synaptic cleft
kinase
45. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
Carbohydrate
ADH
intracellular digestion
heavy chains
46. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes - that have the same structured - and that pair during meisosis
immune response
ETS
homologous chromosomes
cardiac output
47. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.
reduction
mesenchyme
endocrine glands
telophase II
48. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c
specific defense mechanism
Proteoglycan
amylopectin
tropomyosin
49. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
osmolarity gradient
canliculi
jejunum
hypophysis
50. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.
renal medulla
osteons
oncotic pressure
oxaloacetate