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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used to assess the rates at which enzymatic reactions occur /Will focus primarily on initial reaction rates measured over time /Influenced by a variety of factors : Concentrations of substrates - products and inhibitors
appendicular skeleton
enzyme kinetics
histamine
cyanobacteria
2. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies
TRH
PKU
synapsis
universal recipient
3. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
frequency summation
hypertonic
atoms
gastrula
4. An enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine
chorion
ATP
trypsin
sympathetic nervous system
5. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.
virus
Phospholipid bilayer
cardiac muscle
plasma
6. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them
afferent arteriole
spermatids
portal systems
canliculi
7. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells
cytochromes
membrane carrier
diabetes mellitus
absolute refractory period
8. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
spliceosome
PGAL
peptide bond
passive diffusion
9. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.
Mitotic phase
papillary layer
cell division
oxidation
10. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing
oxytocin
amino acid derived hormones
thermoregulation
prophase
11. A cell model that exhibits the most important characteristics of many distinctive cell types
blood vessel
diploid
chemical digestion
composite cell
12. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles
inorganic phosphate
fermentation
androgens
meiosis
13. One of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation
bulbourethral gland
Dehydration synthesis
calvin cycle
Steroids
14. Veins in the neck that return blood from the head
oxidative phosphorylation
Phospholipid bilayer
descending limb
jugular vein
15. White blood cells - or WBC - form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system
fibrinogen
endoskeleton
leukocytes
glyoxysomes
16. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
Hcg
sucrase
enzyme kinetics
morula
17. Respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen leads to a build up of lactic acid that has to be cleared when sufficient oxygen is available.
budding
angiotensin I
oxygen debt
micelles
18. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
norepinephrine
Hydrophobic
G1 phase
nucleolus
19. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind
atrioventricular node
second messenger
hepatic portal vein
endoskeleton
20. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.
ATPase
synergistic muscle
ovum
Solvation
21. The center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
respiratory center
pepsinogen
chief cells
spongy bone
22. A type of glucocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex. It converts amino acids to glucose - helps to breakdown fats to fatty acids. Decreases glucose uptake by the muscles and increases blood sugar in response to stress. Strong anti - inflammatory
meiosis
expiratory reserve volume
cortisol
allosteric modulator
23. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
cytokinesis
semiautonomous
PNS
gall bladder
24. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.
thymosin
enzyme specificity
supierior vena cava
LH
25. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies
Passive immunity
Facilitated diffusion
secondary response
epiphyseal plate
26. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.
antigen binding site
angiotensin I
autotrophic
Protein
27. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food
vagus nerve
gap junction
pancreas
reduction
28. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
Vmax
homologous chromosomes
Dehydration synthesis
telomeres
29. Organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients
heterotrophic
renal medulla
CNS
small intestine
30. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.
Hydrophobic
synovial capsule
immune cells
metaphase
31. A substance found in blood plasma that is the precursor to thrombin in the coagulation of blood
Nucleoid region
descending limb
pyruvate
prothrombin
32. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions
hemoglobin
capillaries
fibrinogen
plasmids
33. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration
cartilage
plasma
lungs
endocrine glands
34. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed
ascending limb
osteocytes
Hydrogen Bond
bowmans capsule
35. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.
allosteric enzyme
oncotic pressure
blastocyst
proximal convoluted tubule
36. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion
hypothalamus
telopahse
osteoclasts
testicular feminization
37. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
proteasomes
prothrombin
blastopore
intermembrane space
38. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
T cells
Facilitated diffusion
lactic acid
trachea
39. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).
melanin
antigen binding site
troponin
cecum
40. The influence of a specific group of cells on the differentiation of another group of cells
placenta
angiotensin
induction
granular leukocytes
41. The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord - the lining of the coelom - muscles - skeleton - gonads - kidneys - and most of the circulatory system
alcohol fermentation
chiasmata
heart
mesoderm
42. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.
mitochondrial matrix
maltase
red fibers
monocytes
43. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate
specific defense mechanism
hypoglycemia
ADP
cytosol
44. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.
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45. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine
autoimmune response
ascending limb
cardiac muscle
intermembrane space
46. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
alpha helix
corona radiata
thoracic cavity
pyruvate
47. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.
stratum lucidum
umbilical chord
loose connective tissue
chemiosmosis
48. Process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract
extracellular digestion
tropomyosin
heart rate
hyperglycemia
49. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
exocytosis
acrosomal process
trypsinogen
Saturated fatty acids
50. Part of the adrenal gland that produces three major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids.
proteasomes
adrenal cortex
Lysosomes
trophoblast