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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area - only works with oily substances - needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances) - no energy is required. Movement down concentration gradient






2. The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is nucleotide phosphorylation.






3. The membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon






4. Produce about 60% of seminal fluid - these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertiliz






5. Muscles lying between the ribs that - together with the rib cage - form the sides and top of the thoracic cavity






6. The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell






7. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






8. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals






9. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






10. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium






11. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






12. Immunoglobulin. Less than 3%. Found only as a receptor on B cell membrane - Doesn't allow antigens to get into the body - Not secreted - stays attached to B cell






13. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






14. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.






15. Synthesis of lipids - phospholipids and steroid sex hormones - help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body. - That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is f






16. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






17. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






18. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






19. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






20. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






21. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland






22. A capsule partly surrounds a cluster of capillaries (called glomerulus) - blood passes thru the capillaries and is filtered by squeezing the fluid part into the bowmans capsule and on into a tubule - most h2o & other needed substances are reabsorbed






23. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






24. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






25. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.






26. An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals






27. Also called the birth canal - canal in the female from the vulva to the cervix that receives the penis in intercourse






28. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






29. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






30. First section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water - ions - and all organic nutrients






31. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.






32. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






33. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint






34. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






35. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. Composed of specialized tissues called neurons.






36. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






37. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






38. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






39. Hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells






40. Outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation






41. Brings blood from the fetus to the placenta.






42. Compounds made of a metal and nonmetal that are formed when acids and bases react






43. All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organize






44. The extracellular signaling molecule that binds to the membrane receptor






45. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out






46. Assist in proper folding and transport of polypeptides across the ER - Golgi and beyond. Some are constantly synthesized - others are only synthesized by STRESS (heat shock proteins). If the folding is not successful - then the chaperones facilitate






47. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






48. The fourth of meiosis I. Telophase I is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however - that the chromosomes are still replicated - an






49. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






50. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose