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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix
salts
smooth muscle
lamellae
acid
2. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products
concentration gradient
angiotensin II
second messenger
allantois
3. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ
spliceosome
bundle of his
acrosomal process
hepatic portal vein
4. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
cytokinesis
neutrophils
Secondary structure
oxidation
5. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing
hypothyroidism
oxytocin
total lung capacity
chylomicrons
6. Blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream
anaphase
neural folds
cervix
ed blood cells
7. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
oxaloacetate
substrate level phosphorylation
receptor mediated endocytosis
8. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy
cytokinesis
torpor
dense connective tissue
citric acid cycle
9. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)
somatotropin
vacuole
amino acid residue
amnion
10. The most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin
surfactant
diploid
IgG
peptidases
11. Triggering a chain reaction of othe proteins which relay the signal to the specific acting molecule
signal transduction
PNS
osteoclasts
afferent arteriole
12. Diploid cells resultinf rom the activation of a spermatogoium; primary spermatocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosis.
larynx
primary spermatocytes
diaphysis
transcription
13. Connective tissue cells that produce fibrous components of extracellular matrix like collagen and elastin
luteal phase
fibroblasts
scrotum
immune cells
14. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.
corticosteroids
intramembranous ossification
Secondary structure
Interphase
15. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set
stratum corneum
corticosteroids
telopahse
alpha helix
16. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
haversian canal
structural proteins
anaphase
neural crest
17. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
pancreas
cell division
FAD
anabolism
18. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
ANS
specific defense mechanism
gametocytes
pancreas
19. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)
dense connective tissue
cardiovascular system
metaphase II
prophase I
20. (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
Proteoglycan
diploid
ADP
B lymphocyte
21. An enzyme that phosphorylates something else. Kinases are frequently used in regulatory pathways - phosphorylating other enzymes.
striated muscle
kinase
riacylglycerols
neural crest
22. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
endoderm
microvilli
gamete
metaphase
23. Two components: organinc which is collagen fibers and inorganic which is hydroxyapatite crystals
microtubule
immunoglobulin
bone matrix
alpha amino acid
24. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.
effector cell
deuterstomes
meiosis
hypodermis
25. The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
acid
cell division
hypodermis
coronary sinus
26. A capsule of several layers of granulosa cells that surrounds the developing secondary oocyte. this remains intact for when the secondary oocyte enters the uterine tubes
chymotrypsinogen
Interphase
substrate
corona radiata
27. An electron - proton - or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms are composed
ETS
subatomic particle
glycolytic pathway
ctive site
28. When a cell in G0 or G1 receives a signal to commit the cell to a full round of the cell cycle after passin through this point. The cell cannot return to G1 or G0 withouth completing a fell cell cycle
synaptic bouton
restriction point
dialysis
bowmans capsule
29. Reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent
pyrophosphate
noncompetitive inhibition
budding
endothelial cell
30. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway
primary oocytes
filtration
fertilization membrane
feedback inhibition
31. Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glyco
Binary fission
translation
insulin
somatic cell
32. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected
chiasmata
all or none response
stratum corneum
renal vein
33. The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver - its primary target organ - to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.
ductus venosus
glucagon
prosthetic group
metabolism
34. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated
exon
releasing hormones
carboxypeptidase
archenteron
35. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts
diaphragm
reabsorption
exocrine glands
passive diffusion
36. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
transverse tubules
cytokinesis
plasma
mucosa
37. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.
metaphase
peptide bond
exocrine glands
oncotic pressure
38. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.
mucous cells
collecting duct
Hydrophobic
allantois
39. The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
glucocorticoids
neuromuscular junction
testosterone
lymphatic system
40. A muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)
seminal vesicles
clot
structural proteins
smooth muscle
41. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
apoenzyme
enzyme substrate complex
adrenal glands
appendicular skeleton
42. Lines the surface of the lung and follows the contours of the lung itself
salts
visceral pleura
caveolae
lymphokines
43. Inner fluid filled space in the blastocyst - The fluid - filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.
cytokinesis
blastocoel
CRF
platelets
44. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton
endothelial cell
tarch
striated muscle
bundle of his
45. (Vh and Vl) variable N- terminal portions of the L and H chains that cause the differences between antibodies and combine to make up the antigen - binding region of the antibody.
trypsinogen
renal medulla
haversian canal
variable regions
46. Finger - like projections that increase the surface area and increase absorption
composite cell
cecum
myosin binding sites
villi
47. Rope - like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and resist pulling forces on the cell - Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
Cell membrane
transverse tubules
substrate level phosphorylation
intermediate filaments
48. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
proton gradient
amylose
trypsinogen
dermis
49. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
vasa recta
chymotrypsinogen
chief cells
hypodermis
50. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)
gestation
IgD
oxaloacetate
lactase