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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






2. An enzyme which digests the disaccharide maltose






3. Tough fibers of the extracellular matrix. They are made of collagen that are nonelastic and do not tear easily when pulled lengthwise.






4. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






5. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






6. Large conglomerations of proteins - fats - and cholesterol that transport lipids in the bloodstream. Contains a lipid core surrounded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Are classified by their density.






7. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






8. It is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are Fibroblasts - Adipose Cells - and Macrophages






9. Hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells






10. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood






11. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.






12. Carries blood from the internal Jugular to the right side of the heart






13. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






14. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing






15. Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers - or both. Dense tissues are typically strong (e.g. bone - cartilage - tendons - etc.)






16. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only






17. An extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber






18. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






19. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart






20. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.






21. Direct the antigen - antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system






22. Animal embryo development stage where cells on one side of the blastula move inward forming a cavity of two or three layers of cells with an opening at one end






23. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base






24. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






25. Organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells






26. Stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles - the third and shortest phase of interphase - the second gap phase where many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced






27. Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.






28. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






29. Small organic molecule that regulates the activity of an enzyme for: Neither the substrate or immediate product / Binds to one of the two forms of the enzyme / Binds at allosteric site (regulatory site) / Distinct from the active site: Stabilizes enz






30. First step in releasing the energy of glucose - in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid






31. The removal of an amino group from an organism - particularly from an amino acid






32. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






33. Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement - short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface






34. Break fats down into diglycerides - monoglycerides - and fatty acids - which are able pass through the plasma membrane of microvilli






35. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






36. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






37. Binds more oxygen in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin - to aide in transferring oxygen across placenta.






38. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.






39. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.






40. In immune network theory - an idiotope - an antigenic site of an antibody that is responsible for that antibody binding to an antigenic determinant (epitope).






41. Strengthening of contraction that results when the stimuli are so frequent that muscle cannot fully relax. The stronger contraction is due to the incorporation of more muscle fibers.






42. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium






43. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






44. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






45. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids






46. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






47. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






48. The neurotransmitters dopamine - epinephrine - and norepinephrine - which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotr






49. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






50. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day