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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation






2. Lacking affinity for water






3. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






4. An iron - containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells






5. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals






6. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






7. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution






8. The production - growth - and maturation of an egg - or ovum






9. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






10. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






11. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






12. A group of bioactive - hormone - like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation - platelet aggregation - vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction - cell growth - protecti






13. A normal blood protein produced by the liver - angiotensin is converted to angiotensim I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressur falls). Angiotensin I si further onverted to angiotensim II by ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Angiotensin I






14. 1) is the 3rd deepest layer of the epidermis 2) Consists of 3-5 layers (only one layer in thin skin) of flattened - dying cells that show signs of nuclear degeneration. 3) The cytoplasm of the cells contain numerous fine grains of Keratohylin Granule






15. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






16. Lighter - less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone






17. The presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood






18. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.






19. Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits. - change the shape of the active site - and may enhance enzyme function






20. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






21. 1) is the 2nd and deepest layer of the dermis. 2) Compose of Dense Irregular CT. 3) Contains interlacing Collagen and Elastic Fibers. 4) Is packed with oil glands - sweat gland ducts - fat - and hair follicles. 5) It provides strength - extensibility






22. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body






23. The extraembyonic membrane of birds - reptiles and mammals that serves as an area of gaseous exchange and as a site for the storage of noxious excretion products






24. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






25. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






26. ADP obtains a phosphate group attached to a metabolic intermediate by a high - energy bond. the high reactivity of the bond in the metabolic intermediate enables the phosphate group to be transferred to ADP. however - most phosphate - containing meta






27. Shaft or middle region of long bone that contains layer of spongy bone






28. The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron






29. 2 phosphate together can be used for energy in place of ATP Ex.Archea






30. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up across the center of the cell.






31. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






32. A genetic disorder of metabolism - A human genetic defect that results in the failure to metabolize phenylalanine.






33. New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis






34. A chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. - oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond






35. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






36. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle has the property of flexing without nervous stimulation called...






37. The transport of 2 different solutes thru a membrane in opposite direction by either facilitated diffusion or active transport






38. Process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes






39. Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function






40. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.






41. The exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs






42. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






43. Polypeptide chains that contribute to the structure of an antibody. Two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains - joined by disulfide bridges - form a Y- shaped antibody molecule.






44. Stimulates cortex of the adrenal glands to make cortisol/ cortisone which is needed in stressful situations






45. An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) tha reducs surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together - thus reducing the effort re






46. The cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart






47. Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization - duration - and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.






48. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the






49. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.






50. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.