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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - an acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.






2. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum






3. After completing meiosis I - these are produced along with a polar body and are released into the fallopian tube.






4. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






5. The presence - or lack - of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus - resulting in fetal anemia






6. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






7. Amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food. Eight of these are essential in the human adult.






8. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections






9. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.






10. A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway






11. The primary component of microtubules that radiate throughout the cell and provide it with support.






12. Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull - spinal column - ribs - and breastbone






13. The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach.






14. Used to assess the rates at which enzymatic reactions occur /Will focus primarily on initial reaction rates measured over time /Influenced by a variety of factors : Concentrations of substrates - products and inhibitors






15. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






16. Mucus - secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior






17. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells






18. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






19. End of humerous that is closer to the shoulder






20. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






21. Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients - oxygen - carbon dioxide - and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother






22. Fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles - causing them to contract






23. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






24. Complex proteins or glycoproteins embedded in the membrane with sites that bind to specific molecules in the cells external environment.






25. Cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone; within each cylinder is tubes (concentric circles) of bone matrix (lamellae)






26. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






27. An antibody that is involved in hypersensitivity and allergies. For some reason the body makes this antibody instead of IgG/A






28. The part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body






29. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses






30. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






31. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c






32. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






33. Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells - which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons - and a population of beta cells - which secrete the hormone insulin.






34. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






35. Hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid - stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary






36. An amino acid in a polypeptide that is not the N or C terminal AA. This refers to every amino acid in a polypeptide chain.






37. Bone forming cells






38. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






39. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.






40. The outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates






41. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






42. The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.






43. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance






44. Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. They direct the seperation of chromosomes during cell division.






45. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






46. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system






47. The clear fluid that bathes each cell and transfers needed substances and wastes back and forth between the blood and the cells






48. Enzymatically converts glucose through several steps (9)into pyruvic acid and provides a small amount of ATP






49. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






50. Promote the action of the killer T cells and play key roles in humoral immunity and nonspecific defense. All other T cells are involved in cellular immunity only