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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles






2. Parasite that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its genetic and metabolic machinery to make an release quantities of new viruses






3. A thick - transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte.






4. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






5. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






6. Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself. are not considered living cells.






7. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






8. The sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum






9. A skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint






10. An antibody that is involved in hypersensitivity and allergies. For some reason the body makes this antibody instead of IgG/A






11. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






12. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules






13. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






14. Where myosin heads can attach. 2 proteins usualy cover the locations of attachments for the myosin heads: troponin and tropomyosin.






15. T cells that can kill other cells. Almost all cytotoxic T cells are CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens - because they recognize and kill the infected cells.






16. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis






17. Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; recognize the splice sites in the pre - mRNA; located in the nucleus and are composed of proteins and RNA






18. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide






19. Process of transforming cartilage into bone.






20. The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum






21. The portion of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated via antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Several nephrons empty into each collecting duct - and this is the final region through which urine must passon its way to the ureter.






22. The spiny sublayer just below the stratum ganulosum contains cells that create an immune response to protect the body against foreign bodies that get through the first three outer sublayers of skin






23. A muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton






24. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.






25. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it






26. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






27. Reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs






28. The contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery






29. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






30. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.






31. First section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water - ions - and all organic nutrients






32. Assist the enzyme by building the enzyme on a site other than the active site to boost the activivty.






33. Secreted from the atrial wall of the heart -- stimulates kidney tubles to secrete more sodium






34. (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work






35. Outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)






36. Any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen)






37. Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity






38. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






39. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord






40. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






41. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






42. The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low - we feel hunger. Accounts for 80% of carbs absorbed by humans.






43. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






44. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active






45. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






46. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






47. The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands






48. Pressure that has already developed in a solution due to osmosis.






49. New combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis






50. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein