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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Serves the circulatory needs of the anterior pituitary. The release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by neurosecretions produced by neurons of the ventral hypothalamus.






2. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






3. Two spongy organs - located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage - responsible for respiration






4. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






5. Exocrine gland - in men - at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation






6. Space between bones






7. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






8. The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.






9. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






10. Involves the formation of bone within mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes.






11. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t






12. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






13. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part






14. Part of the Loop of Henle that removes Sodium from the blood. - Reabsorption of ions; creates the concentration gradient in the medulla - enabling the kidney to produce concentrated urine






15. The part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon






16. The number of times the heart beats in one minute. It changes in response to activity - stress - illness - etc.






17. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.






18. This multiprotein complex in the ETC catalyzes the transfer of the electrons to oxygen






19. The band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filament. The A band includes regions of thick and thin filament overlap - as well as a region of thick filament only. A bands alternate with I bands to give skeletal and cardiac mus






20. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






21. An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) tha reducs surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together - thus reducing the effort re






22. A type of RNA - synthesized from DNA - that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.






23. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.






24. The cells - tissues - and organs that protect the body from disease. the immune system is composed of the white blood cells - bone marrow - thymus gland - spleen and other parts






25. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






26. Veins in the neck that return blood from the head






27. A single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol (R- SH) groups.






28. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






29. Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. Partly charged






30. A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining; stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach






31. A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.






32. Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream






33. Induces contraction of the uterine muscles during childbirth and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing






34. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






35. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of






36. Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis






37. Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.






38. An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a eukaryotic cell






39. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






40. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion






41. The structure that attaches most epithelia to underlying tissue; consists of carbohydrates and proteins secreted by the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.






42. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






43. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp






44. Enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation; catalyzes the conversion of circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I






45. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.






46. Head of the sperm that releases hydrolytic enzymes allowing it to enter the egg






47. Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function






48. Nonenzymatic binding of glucose to other molecules such as proteins - fats - or nucleic acids.






49. The region of the sarcomere made up only of thin filaments. The I band is bisected by a Z line. I bands alternate with A bands to give skeletal and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. I bands get shorter (and may disappear completely) during muscle






50. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse