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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most widespread connective tissue in the vertebrate body. It binds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing material - holding organs in place.






2. Area of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.






3. The period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)






4. Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen - rich blood to the heart muscle






5. The male gonads - which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.






6. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






7. The second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating - along with the two diploid cells splitting in two






8. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






9. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.






10. The part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon






11. The muscle tissue of the heart - involuntary - found only in the heart - cells can contract without being stimulated by an electrical impulse






12. Km - is the ratio of the breakdown of an enzyme - substrate complex to its formation in simple Michaelis - Menton reactions. Km is also half Vmax - and a low Km indicates a strong affinity between an enzyme and its substrate.






13. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses






14. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle






15. The process of cytokinesis in animal cells - characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically - the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells.






16. An artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters






17. A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circ






18. The third phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period - which typically lasts from day






19. Made from cholesterol. Composed of 4 carbon rings attached to distinctive side chains that determine the unique properties of the hormones. Hydrophobic and fat soluble.






20. Generation of glucose from non - sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate - lactate - glycerol - and amino acids The vast majority takes place in the liver and - to a smaller extent - in the cortex of kidney. This process occurs during periods of fastin






21. Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. They synthesize and secrete the hormone INSULIN - which lowers glucose levels in the blood






22. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






23. The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus - the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands






24. The activated form of the blood - clotting protein fibrinogen - which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.






25. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






26. Mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles






27. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






28. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






29. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers - found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.






30. The process that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds - thus requiring energy.






31. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






32. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane






33. A gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals - and activates sperm - forming cells in male mammals






34. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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35. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone






36. The part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum






37. Any of various water - soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt






38. A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.






39. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm






40. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant






41. A stable complex of hemoglobin and carbon monoxide that prevents normal oxygen uptake in the blood.






42. A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - which help to arouse the body in times of stress.






43. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






44. A physiological sphincter that briefly slows down food before it enters the stomach . it also acts to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus - thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the corrosive effect of the stomach acid






45. Direct the antigen - antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system






46. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates






47. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm






48. The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.






49. Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids - carbohydrates - and proteins from food particles; may also break down old cell parts. enzymes are maximally effective at a pH of 5 and they fuse with endocytic vacuoles to b






50. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes