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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






2. Most superficial - 'horn - like' cornified or keratinized - 15-30 layers flat and dead - 15-30 days from stratum basale then 10-14 days until lost - tightly connected






3. A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.






4. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.






5. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






6. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






7. Neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion. Elevated greater than 100 pg/mL indicates some heart failure






8. Source: Adrenal cortex - Target Tissues: Kidneys - Function: Raise blood volume - bp - and salts in blood - Stimulus to release: low bp - blood volume - or low salt concentration - Regulated: Negative feedback - ANF hypothalamus hierarchy






9. Two lobes joined by a central mass in the throat - inferior to the larynx - produces two major hormones.






10. The first phase of the ovarian cycle - during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary - and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual






11. Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet






12. Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron - neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron - thereby influencing whether that neuron will g






13. A muscle that draws a part away from the median line






14. The most abundant type of RNA - which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.






15. The smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arteries and veins can easily pass through the delicate walls of the capillaries






16. A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body - just dorsal to the notochord. It will give rise to the central nervous system.






17. Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords






18. Organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5- carbon isoprene structural units. It is formed by joining the tail of one isporene structural unit to the head of another. Includes Vitamin A.






19. Lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down






20. A person whose type O Rh - negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types






21. External female genitalia; includes the labia - hymen - clitoris - and the vaginal orifice






22. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






23. A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.






24. Thyrotropin - stimulates thyroid gland. Release of TSH triggered by TRH (thyrotropin - releasing hormone) -






25. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints






26. Storage lipids. Function is to store energy and can be fat in bodies of animals. Consists of glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acids attached to a three carbon backbone. May also function to provide thermal insulation and padding to an organism.






27. (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs






28. Long threads made of the protein elastin. provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.






29. A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable - like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. Contains B- linkages.Animals cannot digest the B- linkages of this molecule.






30. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






31. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






32. A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds - thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.






33. Cortisol and Cortisone are types of these hormones - produced in the Adrenal cortex - which increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and infl






34. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and






35. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self - destruct as they destroy foreign invaders - limiting their life span to a few days.






36. Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes






37. Growth - stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland






38. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






39. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium






40. The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic - hypotonic - or terrestrial environments.






41. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.






42. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies - sorts - and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Recieves vesicles and their contents from smooth ER.






43. Found within the lymph nodes - they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria - cancer cells - and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.






44. A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body - typically composed of bone or cartilage






45. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction.






46. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.






47. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






48. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






49. Steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex. The two major classes are teh mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid - and cortisol is the principal glucorcorticoid.






50. A virus that is parasitic in bacteria. injects its nucleic acid into a bacterial cell.