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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






2. Causes bends/kinks in the protein - ring structured R group - linking carboxylic acid to amine group.






3. The cells powerhouse - turning food into energy - it's where cellular respiration takes place. (Harvesting chemical energy). Bound by an outer and inner membrane phospholipid bilayer membrane.






4. Inactivity resulting from torpidity and lack of vigor or energy






5. Organisms that are unable to construct their own food from inorganic sources - and therefore must consume other organisms or organic molecules from the outside environment. Function as consumers or decomposers in food chains.






6. Secrete mucous which forms a protective barrier to prevent digestion of the stomach; absorption of small amounts of water - ions - fatty acids & some drugs & alcohol enters the blood stream






7. The more superficial layer of the dermis in which dermal papillae project into the epidermis; areolar connective tissue






8. Type of enzyme regulation that is stored in inactive forms in the body until it is needed. When needed - cleaves bonds to give active form of the enzyme. Called 'Proteolytic Activity' at that point.






9. A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow; after encountering an antigen - it will differentiate into antibody- secreting plasma cells (effector cells of humoral immunity)






10. Aid in expiration by contracting to pull the ribs downward and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity (internal intercostal muscles originate in the inferior rib and insert on the superior rib)






11. Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+ - which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce






12. A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane






13. An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) tha reducs surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together - thus reducing the effort re






14. Red blood cells - or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present inour blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood - as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million






15. Small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place






16. Sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated






17. The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.






18. Molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid






19. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood groop (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus






20. The two upper chambers of the heart - the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.






21. Sup/inf vena cava --->R atrium ---->R ventricle ---->Pulmonary artery---->Lungs ---->pulmonary veins ---->L atrium ---->L ventricle ----->Aorta






22. A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.






23. One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed cholesterol and coated with special proteins






24. Anaerobic ATP- forming pathway. Pyruvate from glycolysis is degraded to acetaldehyde - which accepts electrons from NADH to form ethanol; NAD+ needed for the reactions is regenerated. Net yield: 2 ATP.






25. A form of external male pseudohermaphroditism - characterized by the lack of androgen receptors in the external genitalia: these individuals have testes - but the body and the external genitalia are female. They typically have a rudimentary vagina -






26. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






27. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.






28. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






29. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






30. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye






31. Non - membrane bound organelles - large - ATP- dependant - a giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin






32. A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber






33. The valves in the heart that separte the atria from teh ventricles. The tricuspid valve separates teh right atrium from the right ventricel - and the bicuspid (mitral) valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves close at th






34. Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process and contain histamine and heparin






35. Located in the center of the brain - functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin






36. Are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell - in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They relay the signals of hormones like epinephrine (adrenalin) - growth factors - and others - and cause some kind






37. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






38. Have cell walls - a cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - and sometimes flagella. Also respiration occurs at the cell emebrane.






39. Cells located in the seminiferous tubules to nourish spermatids






40. SPerm discharges hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome - enzymes dissolve egg jelly coat - and acrosomal process adheres to binding receptors on egg surface.






41. Immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine






42. The outer portion of the kidney containing bownam's capsule - proximal - distal convoluted tubules - and associated blood vessels.






43. Attack general invading pathogens. Three types are neutrophils - basophils and eosinophils.






44. Also known as adenylyl cyclase - adenyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme. It is a part of the cAMP- dependent pathway catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3' -5'- cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate






45. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele






46. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






47. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis






48. Intestinal enzyme that completes digestion of partially digested proteins to amino acids






49. The female gonads - paired almond - sized organs located in the pelvic cavity - and produce two steroid hormone groups the estrogns and pregesterone. The endocrine and exocrine functions do not begin until the onset of puberty.






50. Inhibits gastric glands - stimulates pancreas to release enzymes - stimulates GB to release bile