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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.
collagenous fibers
PNS
PTH
alpha helix
2. The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.
thick filaments
gametocytes
aorta
alpha cells
3. Muscles having similar and mutualistic functions.
lamellae
synergistic muscle
tidal volume
atria
4. Triiodothyronine; strored in follicles - contains iodine. inc basal metabolic rate - stimulates protein synthesis - accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production
spongy bone
lower esophageal sphincter
circadian rythms
3
5. Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place.
GH
seminiferous tubules
amphipathic
proton motive force
6. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
Steroids
gastric glands
zona pellucida
gap junction
7. An enzyme which contains a region to which small regulatory molecules may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site - thereby affecting catalytic activity
exocytosis
osteoclasts
cytotoxic T cells
allosteric enzyme
8. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
Lysosomes
relative refractory period
metaphase II
fetal hemoglobin
9. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles
Interphase
autotrophic
lipases
asters
10. Has both a hydrophilic (polar) phosphoric acid and a hydrophobic (non - polar) fatty acid region. Hydrophilic regions are found on the outside of the membrane and hydrophobic regions are found on the interiorof the membrane. Structure allows for sele
dizygotic twins
homologous chromosomes
Glucose
Phospholipid bilayer
11. A flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
cytokinesis
notochord
follicles
oogenesis
12. Process by which gametes are produced in male animals
genetic recombination
chorion
somatotropin
spermatogenesis
13. A globular protein that links into chains - two of which twist helically about each other - forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. Involved in cell movement and support.
umbilical cord
actin
enzyme kinetics
monocytes
14. This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones - but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.
cardiac output
mRNA
posterior pituitary
pharynx
15. The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly is the
blood vessel
induced fit model
Prostaglandins
hypodermis
16. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter
reversible reaction
thick filaments
hypothyroidism
gastrula
17. This poison that can carru protons across inner membrane; uncouples the electron transport chain from the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
bundle of his
fetal gas exchange
genetic recombination
dinitrophenol
18. Thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone
haversian systems
S phase
calcitonin
z lines
19. Thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles - birds and mammals)
ADH
amnion
movable joints
TRH
20. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum
spermatozoa
blastocoel
polar body
seminiferous tubules
21. Is a second messenger important in many biological processes. is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms - conveying the cAMP- dependent pathway.
relative refractory period
proenzyme
autolysis
cAMP
22. Include bacteria and cyanobacteria - are unicellular organisms with simple cell structure. Have an outermembrane but do not contain membrane bound organelles. There is no true nucleus and the genetic material consists of a single circular molecule of
action potential
complementary pairing
sarcomeres
prokaryotes
23. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions
nephron
proteome
threshold value
Fatty acids
24. Direct the antigen - antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system
lymphokines
diabetes mellitus
T lymphocyte
proteasomes
25. Glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen - the inactive form of pepsin - a protein - digesting enzyme) - Which begins the enzymatic - or chemical breakdown of protein foods.
CNS
respiratory center
parthogenesis
gastric glands
26. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.
bacteriophage
vasa recta
mRNA
desmosomes
27. The organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
proton gradient
secretion
effector cell
CCK
28. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta
bowmans capsule
prophase I
Eukaryotes
Hcg
29. Released from the hypothalamus to act on the pituitary gland. It inhibits the secretion of somatotropin(growth hormone)
Unsaturated fatty acid
articular cartilage
somatostatin
cAMP
30. Cartilage cells - occupy spaces called lacunae
articular cavity
sertoli cells
Osmosis
chondrocytes
31. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.
oncotic pressure
passive diffusion
total lung capacity
bone remodeling
32. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi
chondrin
proton gradient
chylomicrons
end product inhibition
33. An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g. - a vitamin - ATP - NAD+.
prostate gland
seminal vesicles
coenzymes
thromboplastin
34. Additional looping vesels of the juxtamedullary nephrons - that parallel the long loops of Henle in the medulla.
vasa recta
GH
chondrin
descending limb
35. A regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin - it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin - binding sites on actin molecules - and muscle c
allosteric activators
immune cells
troponin
ADH
36. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions
plasmids
endometrium
stratum corneum
ascending colon
37. Organic compound with a backbone of three carbon atoms. Two molecules form as end products of glycolysis
expiratory reserve volume
epinephrine
seminal fluid
pyruvate
38. Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant
tonus
tarch
mucous cells
prolactin
39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules has the same alpha linkages as glycogen
lacunae
cleavage
amylose
cytosol
40. Encloses the cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
Cell membrane
vasa recta
axial skeleton
amino acid residue
41. Require B and T cells. B cells undergo clonal selection with production of plasma cells and memory B cells after their B- cell receptor combines with a specific antegen. Plasma cells secrete antibodies and eventually undergo apoptosis. Memory B cells
glycolytic pathway
nonspecific defense mechanism
anabolism
Mitotic phase
42. The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
diaphragm
dsRNA
exocytosis
glomerulus
43. Development of the nervous system
I band
NADH
metaphase II
neurulation
44. Distinct cells that carry out each stage of immune response. Derived from a common pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.
gluconeogenesis
haversian systems
immune cells
gland cells
45. An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
lamellae
thromboplastin
anterior pituitary
periosteum
46. Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
collagenous fibers
telomeres
flexor
yolk sac
47. Pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
parietal pleura
articular cavity
PNS
oral cavity
48. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them
spermatids
macrophages
trophoblast
vulva
49. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction reduced by enzymes.
IgD
receptor mediated endocytosis
negative pressure breathing
activation energy
50. 30 different nucleoporins bind together and form the a passage out of the nucleus. Nuclear fibers increase selectivity.
meiosis
alpha amino acid
allosteric enzyme
nuclear pore complex