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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Drains away fluid so that it does not accumulate in the tissues of our body.






2. A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood






3. Generate and degrade H2O2 in performing various metabolic functions transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen and they produce H2O2. Use O2 to break down fatty acids that can be sent to mitochondria






4. 'salt - retaining hormone' which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention - which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure






5. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of a blasocyst (i.e. developing embryo) that prolongs the life of the corpus luteum - and thus increases the duration and amount of secreted progesterone. This helps to mainta






6. Accounts for 2/3 of the weight of bone; formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide






7. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c






8. Corticotropin releasing factor; secreted by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland and activated adrenal gland and then get the release of corisol as part of the 'stress response'






9. Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles






10. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations






11. A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins - arising from a specific hydrogen - bonding structure.






12. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






13. The organelle where ribosomes are made - synthesized and partially assembled - located in the nucleus






14. Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells. Built from a chain of amino acids linked polypeptide bonds.






15. Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.






16. Neuroepithelial edges of the neural groove - the apical edges of which meet in the midline to close the neural tube






17. Activated in the duodenum by enterokinase - which is produced in the cells lining the duodenum






18. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. If the cell has sufficient energy (ATP) Glucose is polymerized to this polysaccharide which is a branched glucose polyme






19. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base






20. The second phase of meiosis II. Metaphase II is identical to mitotic metaphase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.






21. Is a swelling of the axial terminal - The presynaptic swelling of the axon terminal From which neural messages travel across synaptic cleft to other neurons






22. Lipid substances with linked sugar groups that are key structural elements in cell membranes and precursors of other biologically active molecules important in cell signaling.. Are also amphipathic and are found in myelinated cells composing the huma






23. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






24. Small rings of DNA consisting of a few genes. They replicate independently of the main chromosome and often contain genes that allow the cell to survive adverse conditions






25. Stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing - the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm - producing two daughter cells.






26. A nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus






27. The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes - bacteria - yeasts - or mold in the absence of oxygen






28. A form of asexual reproduction in single - celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size






29. 4th and last phase of mitosis - the 2 sets of chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclei form around each new set






30. Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix






31. Pertaining to substances that don't contain carbon; a substance that is produced from the breakdown of PC and is the leading cause of fatigue in working muscles






32. A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.






33. A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair






34. The endoderm - lined cavity - formed during gastrulation - that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.






35. Hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons - Hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary in response to nerve impulses. This causes the distal and collecting tabules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary f






36. Mature spermatids that are fully functional and capable of fertilizing a human ovum






37. Produced by the thymus gland during childhood - this hormone stimulates T- lymphocyte development and differentiation.






38. Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus






39. The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis






40. Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules - thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.






41. A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration.






42. Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics






43. (Fast twitch fibers) Contain less myoglobin and fewer mitochondria and have a greater contraction rate - but fatigue more easily. - no myoglobin - fast twitch fibers - fatigue easily - lots of glycogen






44. The pyruvate formed during glycolysis is transported from teh cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix where it is decarboxylated (i.e. - it loses a CO2) - and the acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; in the proce






45. Diploid cells resulting from the activation of an oogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi






46. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells






47. Any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose






48. Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed






49. The regular fluctuation - within a 24- hour period - from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behavior; sleep wakefulness cycle and body temperature






50. Enlarged vein from junctions of all cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium