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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction
mesenchyme
exocytosis
enzyme specificity
apoptosis
2. The widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
calvin cycle
peptide hormones
diastole
pancreas
3. The third phase of meiosis I. During anaphase I the rplicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
anaphase I
lower esophageal sphincter
helper T cells
Cytochromes
4. The period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division - typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions
Interphase
inflammatory response
nuclear pore complex
hypothalamus
5. A mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera
spindle apparatus
cardiac output
autoimmune response
vagus nerve
6. Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions - The first growth phase of the cell cycle - consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
actual osmotic pressure
acrosomal process
G1 phase
structural proteins
7. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis
myogenic activity
tetrad
hemoglobin
peroxisomes
8. A cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte - stimulating hormone
melanocyte
osteoporosis
amylose
osteoblasts
9. Formed from two secondary spermatocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce 4 of them
larynx
Phospholipid bilayer
nuclear pore complex
spermatids
10. The stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
parietal cells
metaphase
memory cell
NADP
11. Points in which two cells are fastened together into strong sheets. Intermediate filaments anchor these. Also called anchoring junctions.
synaptic cleft
foramen ovale
desmosomes
forces creating tertiary structure
12. Any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
bowmans capsule
zymogen
foramen ovale
alveoli
13. A skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
telophase II
immovable joints
peristalsis
extensor muscle
14. (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
myoglobin
oxaloacetate
autotrophic
translation
15. The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
lymph nodes
appendicular skeleton
Proline
RNAi
16. Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein
zymogen
enzyme kinetics
intron
appendicular skeleton
17. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
renal vein
tRNA
anaphase
thyroid gland
18. The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
anaphase
lymph nodes
heterotrophic
Vmax
19. Respond to water - soluble and lipid - soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids
proenzyme
chemoreceptors
spermatogonia
coronary arteries
20. Located the base of the brain - the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid - stimulating hormone - adrenocorticotropic hormone - follicle - stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - melanocyte - stimulating hormone - growth hormone - and prolactin; t
hypophysis
chymotrypsinogen
peptide bond
memory cell
21. Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults
metaphase
Passive immunity
yellow marrow
villi
22. For proteins - a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation - thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA - the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH - sal
osteoblasts
Denaturation
anterior pituitary
lipases
23. Immunoglobulin. Less than 3%. Found only as a receptor on B cell membrane - Doesn't allow antigens to get into the body - Not secreted - stays attached to B cell
dialysis
pyrophosphate
IgD
esophagus
24. Last part of the renal tubule; where secretion of ions - acids - drugs - and toxins takes place - Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here - most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and
bronchioles
neural crest
distal convoluted tubule
androgens
25. Joint that allows range of movement
movable joints
Lipids
acrosome
maltase
26. Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH
vasa recta
proton gradient
buffers
globular protein
27. One of the main pancreatic proteases; it is activated (from chymotrypsinogen) by trypsin.
lock and key theory
anaphase II
chymotrypsin
exocytosis
28. Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction - tumor - lack of iodine in the diet - or inflammation (goiter = throat)
relaxation period
respiratory center
polyribosome
goiter
29. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.
emulsification
hydrostatic pressure
testicular feminization
ketoacidosis
30. A coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid
Golgi apparatus
NAD
centrioles
structural proteins
31. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cystein amino acids - electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic side cains - hydrogen bonds - van derwaals forces - hydrophobic side chains pushed away from water.
Glycolipids
forces creating tertiary structure
cytochromes
spongy bone
32. (Slow twitch fibers) have a high myoglobin content and many mitochondria. Aerobic respiration and are capable of sustained and vigorous activity.
leukocytes
heavy chains
red fibers
immune cells
33. Disease characterized by enlarged features - especially the face and hands - caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty - when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
delta cells
acromegaly
hemoglobin
amylopectin
34. Smooth muscle vesicle - like structure that serve a purpose like T- tubules
caveolae
ovaries
cleavage
lower esophageal sphincter
35. Fine - collagenous fibers whose networks surround and support the soft tissue of organs - and stabilize the positions of functional cells
pyloric sphincter
myogenic activity
reticular fibers
semiautonomous
36. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis - during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
Telophase
chiasmata
oxidative phosphorylation
tetrad
37. The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and - in some phyla - the nervous system - inner ear - and lens of the eye
smooth ER
ectoderm
snRNP
motor neuron
38. An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP
cortical sex hormones
sympathetic nervous system
FADH
heart rate
39. Semifluid medium containing organelles.
scrotum
Binary fission
cytosol
catabolism
40. All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions
proteome
obligate intracellular parasite
helper T cells
larynx
41. An immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies
Passive immunity
semiautonomous
erythrocytes
autoimmune response
42. Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
chymotrypsin
veins
chief cells
osteoclasts
43. A biomolecule that binds to the regulatory site of an allosteric protein and thereby modulates its activity. An allosteric modulator may be an activator or an inhibitor. Also known as the allosteric effector.
tonus
Bacteria
allosteric modulator
heart rate
44. The tendency of certain factors to stablize the hemoglobin in the tense conformation - thus reducing its affinity for oxygen and enhancing the relase of oxygen to the tissues. The factors include increased PCO2 - increase temperature - increased bisp
bohr effect
sarcoplasmic reticulum
neutrophils
vasa recta
45. Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
lactic acid
glyoxysomes
prophase
nuclear pore complex
46. Stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum
cytotoxic T cells
arteries
gall bladder
myofibrils
47. A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin - bones of the skull - the teeth - the adrenal glands - and parts of the per
tRNA
neural crest
expiratory reserve volume
Nervous Tissue
48. The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
oxidation
synaptic cleft
steroid hormones
bundle of his
49. Nostrils which open into the nasal cavity; where air enters the respiratory system.
side chain
endothelial cell
external nares
chiasmata
50. Fine - threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton - a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins
microfilaments
skeletal muscle
vasa recta
apoptosis