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MCAT Biology 2

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum - where it mixes with bile to digest food






2. The female reproductive cell






3. When comparing two solutions - the solution with the greater concentration of solutes






4. During this time - calcium ions bind to troponin - myosin - binding sites on actin are exposed - and crossbridges form






5. Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies; responsible for humoral immunity






6. The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development - maintenance - and repair of bone tissue






7. Sarcomere region with thick filaments only - located in center of sacromere; myosin only; become smaller when contraction takes place.






8. Glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three - carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds






9. Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that take up lipids as well as lymph.






10. A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing






11. The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. Telophase II is identical to mitotic telophase - except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.






12. In this time during cleavage the morula (solid ball of embryonic cells) becomes the blastula (blastocyst in mammals). Implants in the uterine wall during this time.






13. A type of lymphocyte responisble for cell - mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus






14. Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes - thus producing an immune response






15. Abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes






16. The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it - but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty






17. Used to create ATP. H+ in the thylakoid space can only diffuse down it gradient through an enzyme called ATPsynthase. ATPsynthase consists of two parts. One is a proton channel that allows the H+ to diffuse into the stroma. The other part couples thi






18. Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar - a phosphate group - and a nitrogenous base. Are written in the 5' to 3' direction.






19. Second layer of skin - holding blood vessels - nerve endings - sweat glands - and hair follicles






20. Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall - membrane - or some other structure that encloses the fluid.






21. Either of a pair of thick - walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder






22. The sum total of all processes in an organism Which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.






23. Animals whose anus develops from the blastopore of the gastrula






24. Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12).






25. Abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium






26. Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart






27. The changing of the vitelline membrane into a hard fertilization envelope that further resists the entry of other sperm.






28. Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts






29. Person with type AB blood who can recieve any blood because it has no antibodies






30. The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range






31. Receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart






32. A muscle that draws a part toward the median line






33. A vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus.






34. Two or more polypeptide chains due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds - hydrogen bonds - and disulfide bridges.can include non amino acid unit. Ex- Fe






35. The third level of protein structure; the overall - three - dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.






36. A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia - flagella - and the cytoskeleton.






37. The adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized - systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogenic challenges.the adaptive or 'specific' immune system is activated by the 'non - specific' and evolutionarily older innate






38. Connects the embryo to the placenta; moves food and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and removes the embryo's waste products






39. Precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin. comes from the acinar cells in the pancreas and is activated by autocatalysis or by trypsin (the active form of trypsinogen)






40. Rare childhood disorder with deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - may occur as a resuld of trauma - infection or autoimmune response - develops gradually.

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41. The process in which a different substrate goes into the active site of an enzyme - thus shutting down the enzyme and not allowing it to function






42. A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation - and is triggered by thrombin.






43. A line of defense triggered by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes - in which small blood vessels in the vicinity of an injury dilate and become leakier - enhancing the inflitration of leukocytes; may also be widespread in the body






44. A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside. They function as enzymes - hormones - membrane pumps and channels - membrane receptors andinter/intra






45. A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating - drinking - body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland - and is linked to emotion






46. The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration.






47. Relatively massive bundles of subunits composed of the protein myosin that can reach 15nm in diameter






48. In the umbilical cord - carries blood and nutrients from mom to baby.






49. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed through formation of hydrogen bonds. - The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.






50. A strong acid present in the stomach that aids in digestion