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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






2. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






3. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






4. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






5. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






6. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






7. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






9. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






10. Components of cytoskeleton






11. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






12. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






13. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






14. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






15. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






16. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






17. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






18. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






19. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






20. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






21. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






22. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






23. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






24. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






25. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






26. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






27. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






28. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






29. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






30. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






31. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






32. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






33. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






34. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






35. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






36. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






37. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






38. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






39. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






40. The bond between two sugar molecules






41. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






42. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






43. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






44. Two simple sugars joined together






45. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






46. Adenine and Guanine






47. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






48. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






49. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






50. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.