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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






2. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






3. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






4. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






5. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






6. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






7. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






8. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






9. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






10. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






11. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






12. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






13. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






14. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






15. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






16. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






17. Components of cytoskeleton






18. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






20. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






21. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






22. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






23. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






24. The bond between two sugar molecules






25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






26. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






27. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






28. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






29. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






30. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






31. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






32. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






33. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






34. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






35. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






37. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






38. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






39. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






40. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






41. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






42. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






43. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






44. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






45. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






46. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






47. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






48. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






49. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






50. Two simple sugars joined together