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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






2. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






3. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






4. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






5. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






6. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






7. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






8. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






9. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






10. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






11. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






12. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






13. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






14. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






15. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






16. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






17. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






18. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






19. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






20. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






21. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






22. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






23. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






24. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






25. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






26. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






27. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






28. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






29. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






30. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






31. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






32. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






33. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






34. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






35. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






37. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






38. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






39. The bond between two sugar molecules






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






42. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






43. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






44. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






45. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






46. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






47. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






48. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






50. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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