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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






2. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






3. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






4. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






5. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






6. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






7. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






8. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






9. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






10. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






12. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






13. Adenine and Guanine






14. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






15. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






16. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






17. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






18. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






20. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






21. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






22. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






23. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






24. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






25. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






26. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






27. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






28. Components of cytoskeleton






29. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






30. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






32. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






33. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






34. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






36. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






37. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






38. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






39. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






40. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






41. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






42. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






43. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






44. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






46. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






47. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






48. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






49. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






50. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out