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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






2. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






3. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






4. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






5. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






6. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






7. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






8. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






9. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






10. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






11. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






12. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






13. Two simple sugars joined together






14. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






15. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






16. The bond between two sugar molecules






17. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






19. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






20. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






21. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






22. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






23. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






24. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






25. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






26. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






27. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






28. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






29. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






30. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






31. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






32. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






33. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






34. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






35. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






36. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






37. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






38. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






40. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






41. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






42. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






43. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






44. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






45. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






46. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






47. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






48. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






49. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






50. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells







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