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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Cytoplasm
Extracellular matrix
Disaccharide
2. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Intermediate filaments
Amino acid (composition)
xtrusion
Purines (identify)
3. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Centrosome
Fibronectin
Monosaccharide
4. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Hypercholesterolemia
Cytoplasm
Primary cell wall
Phospholipid (composition)
5. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
DNA (location)
Gap junction
Antiport
Kinesin
6. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Extracellular matrix
Major categories of macromolecules
Hydrolysis
Differences between RNA and DNA
7. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Alpha glucose ring
Miller - Urey experiment
Pyrimidines (identify)
8. Components of cytoskeleton
Chaperone proteins
Central vacuole
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Rossman fold
9. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Methanogens
Amylopectin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Complimentary bases
10. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Cadherin
Flagellum
Charged amino acids
Anchoring junction
11. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Beta glucose ring
Glycosidic bond
Special function amino acids
12. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Secondary level of protein structure
Glycoproteins
Central vacuole
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
13. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Integrins
Central vacuole
Cadherin
14. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
ATP (composition)
Countertransport
Cell Theory
15. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
First law of thermodynamics
Cadherin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Gram positive bacteria
16. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Purines (identify)
Proteoglycans
Rossman fold
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
17. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Chromosome
Fibronectin
Hypercholesterolemia
Charged amino acids
18. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Aromatic amino acids
Clathrin
Nonpolar amino acids
Fat (composition)
19. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Bacteria
Fatty acid
Keratin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
20. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Charged amino acids
ATP (composition)
Starch
Nonpolar amino acids
21. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Purines (identify)
Primary level of protein structure
Alpha glucose ring
Cellulose
22. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Prokaryote
Plasmodesmata
Nucleolus
Glycosidic bond
23. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Pinocytosis
Cytoskeleton
Nucleolus
24. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Special function amino acids
Microtubules
Hemidesmosomes
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
25. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Cellulose
Nonpolar amino acids
Beta glucose ring
Glycoproteins
26. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Peptidoglycan
Glycerol
Dynein
Charged amino acids
27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Glycogen
Hemidesmosomes
Quaternary level of protein structure
Nucleotide (composition)
28. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Quaternary level of protein structure
Starch
Prostaglandin
Bacteria
29. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
ATP (composition)
Purines (characteristics)
Cellulose
Glycoproteins
30. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Nucleolus
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
31. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Adherins junctions
Cytoskeleton
Amino acid (composition)
32. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Peptide bond
Amylose
Nucleotide (composition)
33. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Amino acid (composition)
Plastids
Prokaryote
Beta glucose ring
34. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Gram positive bacteria
Integrins
Purines (characteristics)
Phosphdiester bond
35. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Purines (characteristics)
Cyanobacteria
Functions or proteins
Intermediate filaments
36. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Clathrin
C - H - O - N - S
Glycolipids
Flagellum
37. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Primary cell wall
Centrosome
Miller - Urey experiment
Hypercholesterolemia
38. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Middle lamella
Special function amino acids
Hypercholesterolemia
Disaccharide
39. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Monosaccharide
Pyrimidines (identify)
Glycogen
Steriod
40. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Quaternary level of protein structure
Denaturation
Cytoplasm
Complimentary bases
41. Two simple sugars joined together
Glycoproteins
Cell Theory
Disaccharide
Archaebacteria
42. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Fatty acid
Differences between RNA and DNA
Clathrin
Extreme halophiles
43. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Extreme halophiles
Fat (characteristics)
DNA (location)
Cadherin
44. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Hemidesmosomes
Fibronectin
Plasmodesmata
45. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Amylopectin
Cell Theory
Gap junction
Special function amino acids
46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Extreme halophiles
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Desmosomes
Purines (identify)
47. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Desmosomes
Prostaglandin
Central vacuole
Anchoring junction
48. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Miller - Urey experiment
Rossman fold
Beta barrel
Starch
49. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Tertiaty level of protein structure
xtrusion
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Extreme halophiles
50. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Miller - Urey experiment
Chromosome
Amylose
Motifs