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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Beta glucose ring
Plastids
Prokaryote
Extreme halophiles
2. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chitin
Cell Theory
Monosaccharide
Chaperone proteins
3. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Glycerol
Keratin
Cadherin
4. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Dynein
Cyanobacteria
Methanogens
Primary level of protein structure
5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Chaperone proteins
Denaturation
Nucleolus
Glycerol
6. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Prokaryote
First law of thermodynamics
Extreme thermophiles
Fat (characteristics)
7. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Amylopectin
Aromatic amino acids
Prokaryote
Pinocytosis
8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Fibronectin
Charged amino acids
ATP (composition)
9. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Purines (characteristics)
Glycoproteins
Adherins junctions
Desmosomes
10. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Special function amino acids
Cadherin
Gap junction
Extreme thermophiles
11. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Bacteria
Anchoring junction
Fibronectin
Collagen
12. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Miller - Urey experiment
Hypercholesterolemia
Dynein
ATP (composition)
13. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Antiport
Extreme thermophiles
Extracellular matrix
14. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Miller - Urey experiment
Central vacuole
Cenriole
15. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Methanogens
Dynein
Glycogen
Major categories of macromolecules
16. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Beta glucose ring
Complimentary bases
Countertransport
Tight junctions
17. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Flagellum
Glycoproteins
Spectrin
Amylose
18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Plasmodesmata
Countertransport
Collagen
Glycoproteins
19. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Extracellular matrix
Cytoplasm
Disaccharide
Microtubules
20. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Kinesin
xtrusion
Purines (characteristics)
21. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Alpha glucose ring
C - H - O - N - S
Centrosome
Proteoglycans
22. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Flagellum
Phospholipid (composition)
Tight junctions
23. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Prostaglandin
Gram positive bacteria
Aromatic amino acids
C - H - O - N - S
24. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Fibronectin
Plasmodesmata
Proteoglycans
25. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Nonpolar amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Keratin
Amino acid (composition)
26. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Kinesin
Keratin
Plastids
Tight junctions
27. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Cytoplasm
Prokaryote
Central vacuole
28. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Anchoring junction
Integrins
Antiport
29. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Plastids
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Aromatic amino acids
Nonpolar amino acids
30. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Prokaryote
Special function amino acids
Antiport
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Pyrimidines (identify)
Collagen
Methanogens
Centrosome
32. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
Phospholipid (composition)
Extreme halophiles
33. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Intermediate filaments
Hypercholesterolemia
Complimentary bases
34. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Fibronectin
Intermediate filaments
Glycosidic bond
Fatty acid
35. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Amino acid (composition)
Glycogen
Archaebacteria
36. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Complimentary bases
Beta glucose ring
Amylose
Steriod
37. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Peptidoglycan
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hydrocarbons
38. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Beta barrel
Integrins
Archaebacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
39. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Plastids
Major categories of macromolecules
Monosaccharide
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Amylose
Peptide bond
Alpha glucose ring
Adherins junctions
41. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Starch
Collagen
Adherins junctions
Peptidoglycan
42. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Functions or proteins
Central vacuole
Hemidesmosomes
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
43. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Methanogens
Chaperone proteins
ATP (composition)
44. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Plastids
Bacteria
Miller - Urey experiment
Fat (characteristics)
45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Primary level of protein structure
Special function amino acids
Clathrin
46. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Proteoglycans
Primary cell wall
Starch
Chaperone proteins
47. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Extracellular matrix
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
48. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Gram positive bacteria
Fibronectin
Major categories of macromolecules
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
49. Adenine and Guanine
Glycosidic bond
Purines (identify)
Cytoplasm
Secondary cell wall
50. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Extracellular matrix
Intermediate filaments
DNA (location)