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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






2. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






3. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






4. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






5. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






6. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






7. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






8. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






9. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






10. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






11. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






12. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






13. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






14. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






15. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






16. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






17. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






18. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






19. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






20. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






21. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






22. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






23. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






24. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






25. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






26. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






27. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






29. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






30. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






31. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






32. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






33. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






34. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






35. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






36. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






37. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






38. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






39. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






40. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






41. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






42. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






43. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






44. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






45. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






46. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






47. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






49. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






50. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions