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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta barrel
Primary level of protein structure
Plastids
Beta glucose ring
2. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Nonpolar amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
Amino acid (composition)
3. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
Glycogen
Rossman fold
Special function amino acids
4. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Proteoglycans
Glycerol
Extreme halophiles
Pinocytosis
5. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Special function amino acids
Steriod
Intermediate filaments
Phosphdiester bond
6. Two simple sugars joined together
ATP (composition)
Disaccharide
DNA (location)
Collagen
7. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Quaternary level of protein structure
Gram positive bacteria
Integrins
8. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Adherins junctions
Central vacuole
Fibronectin
Domains
9. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Methanogens
Primary level of protein structure
C - H - O - N - S
10. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Phospholipid (composition)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Intermediate filaments
11. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Centrosome
Cytoplasm
Hydrocarbons
Nucleolus
12. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Spectrin
Middle lamella
Hydrolysis
Prostaglandin
13. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Steriod
Peptidoglycan
Centrosome
Countertransport
14. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Major categories of macromolecules
Differences between RNA and DNA
Extreme thermophiles
Peptide bond
15. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cellulose
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Extreme thermophiles
16. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Functions or proteins
Alpha glucose ring
Central vacuole
17. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Hydrolysis
Cell Theory
Glycoproteins
Glycogen
18. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycogen
Glycolipids
Fat (characteristics)
Complimentary bases
19. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Bacteriorhodopsin
Extreme halophiles
Cadherin
20. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Prokaryote
5 classes of amino acids
C - H - O - N - S
Differences between RNA and DNA
21. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Nucleotide (composition)
Starch
Plastids
Glycogen
22. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Amylose
Miller - Urey experiment
Motifs
xtrusion
23. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Plastids
Dynein
Plasmodesmata
24. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Complimentary bases
Spectrin
Integrins
Cyanobacteria
25. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Polar uncharged amino acids
Miller - Urey experiment
Chitin
Charged amino acids
26. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Cenriole
Glycoproteins
27. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Major categories of macromolecules
Dynein
Fat (composition)
Kinesin
28. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Peptide bond
Fatty acid
xtrusion
29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Functions or proteins
5 classes of amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hemidesmosomes
30. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Purines (characteristics)
Dehydration synthesis
xtrusion
31. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
Monosaccharide
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
32. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Fibronectin
Dehydration synthesis
Cellulose
33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Bacteriorhodopsin
Alpha glucose ring
Phospholipid (composition)
Keratin
34. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Major categories of macromolecules
Purines (identify)
Bacteria
Special function amino acids
35. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Cytoskeleton
Nucleotide (composition)
Cytoplasm
Anchoring junction
36. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
ATP (composition)
Primary cell wall
Methanogens
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
37. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Hemidesmosomes
First law of thermodynamics
Phosphdiester bond
Amino acid (composition)
38. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Bacteria
Central vacuole
Gram positive bacteria
Purines (characteristics)
39. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Antiport
Prostaglandin
Gap junction
Hemidesmosomes
40. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
C - H - O - N - S
Middle lamella
Complimentary bases
Prostaglandin
41. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Plastids
Special function amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Chaperone proteins
42. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Secondary cell wall
Kinesin
Chromosome
43. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Charged amino acids
Fat (composition)
Cytoplasm
Amylopectin
44. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Gap junction
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Miller - Urey experiment
45. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Integrins
Chaperone proteins
ATP (composition)
Countertransport
46. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycoproteins
Domains
Fat (characteristics)
47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Differences between RNA and DNA
Starch
Cytoskeleton
Glycolipids
48. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Hydrolysis
Cenriole
Complimentary bases
Aromatic amino acids
49. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Glycoproteins
Monosaccharide
Extreme thermophiles
Plastids
50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Glycosidic bond
Hypercholesterolemia
Desmosomes
Central vacuole