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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






2. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






3. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






4. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






5. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






6. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






7. The bond between two sugar molecules






8. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






9. Adenine and Guanine






10. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






11. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






12. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






13. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






14. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






15. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






17. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






18. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






19. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






20. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






21. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






22. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






23. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






24. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






26. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






27. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






28. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






30. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






31. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






32. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






33. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






34. Components of cytoskeleton






35. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






36. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






38. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






39. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






40. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






41. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






44. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






45. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






46. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






47. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






48. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






49. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






50. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter