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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Complimentary bases
Antiport
Peptide bond
Glycogen
2. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Chaperone proteins
Central vacuole
Quaternary level of protein structure
C - H - O - N - S
3. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Hypercholesterolemia
Phosphdiester bond
Dynein
4. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
DNA (location)
Functions or proteins
C - H - O - N - S
5. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
5 classes of amino acids
Hydrocarbons
xtrusion
Central vacuole
6. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Bacteriorhodopsin
Central vacuole
Cadherin
Dynein
7. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
xtrusion
Flagellum
C - H - O - N - S
8. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Alpha glucose ring
Secondary cell wall
Chitin
9. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Nucleolus
Archaebacteria
Cytoplasm
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
10. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Glycolipids
Dynein
Peptidoglycan
11. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Quaternary level of protein structure
Rossman fold
Keratin
Microtubules
12. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Pinocytosis
C - H - O - N - S
Intermediate filaments
Domains
13. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Polar uncharged amino acids
Glycolipids
Gap junction
Complimentary bases
14. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Secondary level of protein structure
Integrins
Starch
Amino acid (composition)
15. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Nucleolus
Quaternary level of protein structure
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Beta barrel
16. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Tight junctions
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Dynein
Peptidoglycan
17. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Disaccharide
Chitin
18. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Phosphdiester bond
Polar uncharged amino acids
Complimentary bases
Fatty acid
19. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Countertransport
Fatty acid
Chromosome
Bacteriorhodopsin
20. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Microtubules
Steriod
Amylopectin
Collagen
21. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Monosaccharide
Keratin
Purines (characteristics)
Rossman fold
22. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Phospholipid (composition)
Cadherin
Glycosidic bond
23. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
xtrusion
Hypercholesterolemia
Phospholipid (composition)
Aromatic amino acids
24. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Keratin
Motifs
Phosphdiester bond
Secondary cell wall
25. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Spectrin
Amylopectin
Tight junctions
Cellulose
26. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Bacteriorhodopsin
Integrins
27. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Secondary level of protein structure
Archaebacteria
Fat (composition)
28. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Cytoskeleton
Quaternary level of protein structure
Motifs
Functions or proteins
29. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Alpha glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
Methanogens
Tight junctions
30. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
First law of thermodynamics
Polar uncharged amino acids
Primary level of protein structure
31. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Amylose
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Beta barrel
32. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Polar uncharged amino acids
Hydrocarbons
Pinocytosis
33. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Adherins junctions
Differences between RNA and DNA
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
34. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Nucleolus
Cytoskeleton
Collagen
Denaturation
35. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Integrins
5 classes of amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Major categories of macromolecules
36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide (composition)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Glycerol
Cyanobacteria
37. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Centrosome
Nucleolus
Proteoglycans
Differences between RNA and DNA
38. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Alpha glucose ring
Amylopectin
Disaccharide
39. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Charged amino acids
Cenriole
Secondary cell wall
40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
xtrusion
Alpha glucose ring
Bacteriorhodopsin
Amylose
41. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Proteoglycans
Archaebacteria
Bacteriorhodopsin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
42. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cenriole
Hydrolysis
Chaperone proteins
43. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Kinesin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Glycoproteins
Clathrin
44. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
C - H - O - N - S
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Extreme thermophiles
Nucleolus
45. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Hemidesmosomes
Pinocytosis
Monosaccharide
Tertiaty level of protein structure
46. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Intermediate filaments
Phospholipid (composition)
47. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Tight junctions
Integrins
48. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Purines (characteristics)
Extreme thermophiles
Tight junctions
49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Amylopectin
First law of thermodynamics
Intermediate filaments
Glycogen
50. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Fat (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
Cellulose
Centrosome
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