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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






2. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






3. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






4. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






5. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






6. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






7. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






8. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






9. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






10. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






11. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






12. Components of cytoskeleton






13. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






14. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






15. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






16. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






17. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






18. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






19. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






20. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






21. The bond between two sugar molecules






22. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






23. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






24. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






25. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






26. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






27. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






28. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






29. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






30. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






31. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






32. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






33. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






34. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






35. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






36. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






37. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






38. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






39. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






40. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






41. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






42. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






43. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






44. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






45. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






46. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






48. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






49. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






50. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain







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