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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






2. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






3. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






4. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






5. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






6. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






7. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






8. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






9. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






10. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






11. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






12. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






13. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






14. The bond between two sugar molecules






15. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






16. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






17. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






18. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






19. Adenine and Guanine






20. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






21. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






22. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






23. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






24. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






25. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






26. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






27. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






29. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






30. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






31. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






32. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






33. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






34. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






35. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






36. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






37. Components of cytoskeleton






38. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






40. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






41. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






42. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






43. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






44. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






47. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






48. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






49. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






50. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support







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