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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Phospholipid (composition)
Cenriole
Major categories of macromolecules
2. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Functions or proteins
Polar uncharged amino acids
Bacteria
Antiport
3. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Dynein
Cell Theory
Chitin
4. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Disaccharide
Cellulose
Bacteriorhodopsin
Beta barrel
5. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Dehydration synthesis
Proteoglycans
Intermediate filaments
Glycoproteins
6. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Fat (composition)
Dehydration synthesis
Glycoproteins
Intermediate filaments
7. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Primary level of protein structure
Proteoglycans
Cell Theory
Microtubules
8. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Beta glucose ring
Tight junctions
Hydrolysis
9. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Collagen
Complimentary bases
Fat (composition)
10. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Cellulose
Differences between RNA and DNA
Spectrin
Glycosidic bond
11. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Gram positive bacteria
Glycolipids
Glycerol
12. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Glycolipids
Archaebacteria
Cytoplasm
xtrusion
13. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
Bacteria
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hypercholesterolemia
14. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Secondary level of protein structure
Flagellum
Steriod
Chitin
15. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Rossman fold
Nonpolar amino acids
Intermediate filaments
16. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Major categories of macromolecules
Motifs
Quaternary level of protein structure
17. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Complimentary bases
Antiport
Chromosome
5 classes of amino acids
18. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Gap junction
Beta glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
Countertransport
19. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Countertransport
Fibronectin
Centrosome
Microtubules
20. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Bacteriorhodopsin
Beta barrel
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
First law of thermodynamics
Plasmodesmata
Cenriole
C - H - O - N - S
22. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Amylose
Centrosome
23. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Gram positive bacteria
C - H - O - N - S
Centrosome
Chaperone proteins
24. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Aromatic amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
Adherins junctions
25. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
Hypercholesterolemia
Prostaglandin
Extreme thermophiles
26. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Beta glucose ring
Dehydration synthesis
Phospholipid (composition)
27. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Complimentary bases
Purines (characteristics)
Fibronectin
ATP (composition)
28. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Peptide bond
Differences between RNA and DNA
Phosphdiester bond
Methanogens
29. Adenine and Guanine
Secondary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (identify)
Purines (identify)
Aromatic amino acids
30. The bond between two sugar molecules
Anchoring junction
Glycosidic bond
Primary level of protein structure
Central vacuole
31. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Phosphdiester bond
Motifs
Cytoplasm
Beta barrel
32. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Tight junctions
Cytoplasm
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Secondary cell wall
33. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Glycerol
Archaebacteria
Integrins
Peptidoglycan
34. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Purines (characteristics)
Dynein
Cytoskeleton
Glycoproteins
35. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Pinocytosis
First law of thermodynamics
Centrosome
Extreme thermophiles
36. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Central vacuole
Extracellular matrix
Prokaryote
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
37. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Middle lamella
C - H - O - N - S
Antiport
38. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Microtubules
Archaebacteria
Differences between RNA and DNA
39. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Functions or proteins
Dehydration synthesis
Spectrin
40. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Countertransport
Glycolipids
Gap junction
Nucleolus
41. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Polar uncharged amino acids
Gram positive bacteria
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Bacteria
42. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Fibronectin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Phospholipid (composition)
Cenriole
43. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
DNA (location)
Peptidoglycan
Beta glucose ring
Proteoglycans
44. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Nonpolar amino acids
Cell Theory
Anchoring junction
Central vacuole
45. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Middle lamella
Centrosome
Countertransport
46. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Tight junctions
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Extreme halophiles
47. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
Fat (composition)
Major categories of macromolecules
Special function amino acids
48. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Anchoring junction
Starch
Cell Theory
49. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Miller - Urey experiment
Cadherin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Polar uncharged amino acids
50. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Monosaccharide
Prostaglandin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Kinesin
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