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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






2. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






3. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






4. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






5. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






6. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






7. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






8. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






9. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






10. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






11. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






12. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






13. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






14. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






15. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






18. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






19. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






20. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






21. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






22. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






23. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






24. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






25. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






26. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






27. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






28. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






29. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






30. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






31. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






32. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






33. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






34. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






35. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






36. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






37. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






38. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






39. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






40. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






41. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






42. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






45. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






46. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






47. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






48. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






49. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






50. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling







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