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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
DNA (location)
Special function amino acids
Nucleolus
Charged amino acids
2. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Primary level of protein structure
Steriod
Rossman fold
Disaccharide
3. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Phospholipid (composition)
Prostaglandin
Adherins junctions
Beta glucose ring
4. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Glycoproteins
Steriod
Rossman fold
5. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Aromatic amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
Bacteria
Centrosome
6. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Microtubules
xtrusion
Cenriole
Phosphdiester bond
7. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (identify)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Miller - Urey experiment
8. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Cytoskeleton
Kinesin
Secondary cell wall
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
9. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Chaperone proteins
Countertransport
Nucleotide (composition)
Charged amino acids
10. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Special function amino acids
Hypercholesterolemia
Integrins
Complimentary bases
11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
DNA (location)
Integrins
Microtubules
Prokaryote
12. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Denaturation
Complimentary bases
Amino acid (composition)
Disaccharide
13. Adenine and Guanine
Cadherin
Purines (identify)
Kinesin
Glycoproteins
14. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Nucleotide (composition)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Glycolipids
15. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Nucleolus
Chromosome
Glycoproteins
16. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Plastids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Proteoglycans
Domains
17. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Functions or proteins
Amylopectin
18. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Cenriole
Nonpolar amino acids
Nucleolus
Centrosome
19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
ATP (composition)
Desmosomes
Denaturation
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
20. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Tight junctions
Primary level of protein structure
5 classes of amino acids
Fatty acid
21. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Miller - Urey experiment
Functions or proteins
Hemidesmosomes
Fatty acid
22. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Peptidoglycan
Major categories of macromolecules
Antiport
Integrins
23. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Amylose
Nucleolus
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide (composition)
24. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Charged amino acids
Tight junctions
Domains
Archaebacteria
25. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Bacteria
Motifs
Chaperone proteins
Steriod
26. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Prostaglandin
Central vacuole
Nucleotide (composition)
27. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Fibronectin
Charged amino acids
Pinocytosis
28. Components of cytoskeleton
Archaebacteria
Tight junctions
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Denaturation
29. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
Phosphdiester bond
Pyrimidines (identify)
Microtubules
30. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
DNA (location)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
ATP (composition)
31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Fat (characteristics)
Charged amino acids
Methanogens
Starch
32. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Peptide bond
Primary level of protein structure
Cenriole
Microtubules
33. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Cell Theory
Fat (composition)
Chaperone proteins
Secondary level of protein structure
34. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Gram positive bacteria
Rossman fold
Glycogen
35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Plastids
xtrusion
First law of thermodynamics
Cenriole
36. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Phosphdiester bond
Extreme halophiles
5 classes of amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
37. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Beta glucose ring
Amylopectin
38. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Starch
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Phospholipid (composition)
39. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Keratin
Phosphdiester bond
Fat (composition)
C - H - O - N - S
40. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Glycolipids
Motifs
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hydrolysis
41. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
ATP (composition)
Hydrocarbons
Polar uncharged amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
42. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Cellulose
Functions or proteins
Anchoring junction
Extreme halophiles
43. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Countertransport
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Antiport
Quaternary level of protein structure
44. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Primary cell wall
Proteoglycans
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Flagellum
45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Complimentary bases
DNA (location)
Cytoplasm
Charged amino acids
46. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Pyrimidines (identify)
Special function amino acids
Spectrin
Disaccharide
47. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Dehydration synthesis
Extracellular matrix
Prostaglandin
Cellulose
48. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Spectrin
Functions or proteins
Gap junction
Major categories of macromolecules
49. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Archaebacteria
Kinesin
Nucleolus
Dynein
50. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Bacteriorhodopsin
Beta glucose ring
Phospholipid (composition)
Antiport