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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






2. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






3. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






4. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






5. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






6. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






7. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






8. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






9. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






10. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






11. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






12. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






13. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






14. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






15. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






16. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






17. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






18. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






19. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






20. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






21. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






22. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






23. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






24. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






25. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






26. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






27. Two simple sugars joined together






28. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






29. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






30. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






31. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






32. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






33. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






34. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






35. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






36. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






37. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






38. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






39. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






40. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






41. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






42. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






43. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






44. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






46. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






47. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






48. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






49. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






50. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.