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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Countertransport
Motifs
Plastids
Fat (composition)
2. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Cytoskeleton
Secondary level of protein structure
3. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Dynein
Middle lamella
Polar uncharged amino acids
Miller - Urey experiment
4. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Phosphdiester bond
5 classes of amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Dynein
Glycosidic bond
Adherins junctions
6. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Dynein
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Middle lamella
7. Adenine and Guanine
Fat (characteristics)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Plasmodesmata
Purines (identify)
8. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Methanogens
Cenriole
Glycolipids
9. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Phospholipid (composition)
Primary cell wall
DNA (location)
Amylose
10. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Cytoskeleton
Cell Theory
Beta barrel
Plastids
11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Keratin
Prokaryote
Motifs
Secondary cell wall
12. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Secondary level of protein structure
Chitin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Disaccharide
13. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Gram positive bacteria
Fatty acid
Steriod
Dehydration synthesis
14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Aromatic amino acids
Prostaglandin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Nonpolar amino acids
15. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
DNA (location)
Hydrocarbons
Fat (characteristics)
Glycosidic bond
16. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Antiport
Glycolipids
Peptidoglycan
Secondary cell wall
17. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Extreme halophiles
Differences between RNA and DNA
Chaperone proteins
Hypercholesterolemia
18. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Fatty acid
Prokaryote
Amino acid (composition)
Dynein
19. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Peptidoglycan
Amylose
Functions or proteins
Complimentary bases
20. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Monosaccharide
Purines (characteristics)
Glycolipids
21. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Extracellular matrix
Primary level of protein structure
Kinesin
Chitin
22. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Plasmodesmata
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Rossman fold
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
23. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Dehydration synthesis
Extracellular matrix
Charged amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
24. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Intermediate filaments
Cenriole
Gap junction
Tight junctions
25. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Primary cell wall
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Dehydration synthesis
Tertiaty level of protein structure
26. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Primary level of protein structure
Glycoproteins
Dynein
Pinocytosis
27. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Starch
Collagen
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Purines (identify)
28. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Nucleolus
Miller - Urey experiment
Denaturation
Peptide bond
29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
Fatty acid
Pyrimidines (identify)
30. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Hydrolysis
Adherins junctions
Polar uncharged amino acids
Bacteria
31. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Differences between RNA and DNA
Chromosome
Amylose
Cellulose
32. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Domains
Glycoproteins
Primary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
33. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Beta barrel
Countertransport
Peptidoglycan
Cellulose
34. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Fatty acid
Kinesin
Nucleotide (composition)
35. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Kinesin
Glycosidic bond
Proteoglycans
36. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Desmosomes
C - H - O - N - S
Glycolipids
Alpha glucose ring
37. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Hydrolysis
Special function amino acids
Functions or proteins
DNA (location)
38. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
Hydrolysis
Primary level of protein structure
First law of thermodynamics
39. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plasmodesmata
Plastids
Methanogens
Fibronectin
40. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Gap junction
Amylose
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Gap junction
Keratin
Archaebacteria
42. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Dynein
Alpha glucose ring
Chitin
Bacteriorhodopsin
43. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Denaturation
Bacteria
Amylose
Chaperone proteins
44. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Secondary level of protein structure
Domains
Peptidoglycan
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
45. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Nucleotide (composition)
Complimentary bases
Collagen
Integrins
46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Nucleolus
Clathrin
Hydrolysis
Glycosidic bond
47. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Cellulose
Chaperone proteins
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
48. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Keratin
Phospholipid (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
49. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Extreme thermophiles
5 classes of amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
50. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Amino acid (composition)
Desmosomes
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Collagen