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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






4. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






5. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






6. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






7. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






8. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






9. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






10. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






11. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






12. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






13. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






14. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






15. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






16. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






17. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






18. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






19. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






21. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






22. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






23. Two simple sugars joined together






24. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






25. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






26. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






28. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






29. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






30. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






31. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






32. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






33. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






34. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






35. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






36. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






37. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






38. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






39. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






40. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






41. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






42. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






43. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






44. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






45. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






46. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






47. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






48. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






49. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group