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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






2. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






3. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






4. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






5. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






6. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






7. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






8. Two simple sugars joined together






9. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






10. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






11. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






12. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






13. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






14. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






16. Adenine and Guanine






17. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






18. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






21. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






22. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






23. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






24. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






25. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






26. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






28. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






29. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






30. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






31. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






32. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






37. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






38. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






39. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






40. Components of cytoskeleton






41. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






42. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






43. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






44. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






46. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






48. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






49. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






50. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.