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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Prokaryote
DNA (location)
Cytoplasm
Major categories of macromolecules
2. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Keratin
Cenriole
Kinesin
Nucleolus
3. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Denaturation
Glycogen
Glycosidic bond
4. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Denaturation
Extreme halophiles
Chitin
5. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Disaccharide
Quaternary level of protein structure
Major categories of macromolecules
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
6. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Glycogen
ATP (composition)
Cytoplasm
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
7. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Cellulose
Secondary level of protein structure
Steriod
8. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Middle lamella
Cellulose
Bacteriorhodopsin
Differences between RNA and DNA
9. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Chaperone proteins
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Chromosome
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
10. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Central vacuole
Secondary cell wall
Dynein
Prokaryote
11. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Disaccharide
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Flagellum
12. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Alpha glucose ring
Clathrin
Bacteriorhodopsin
13. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Dehydration synthesis
5 classes of amino acids
Monosaccharide
Steriod
14. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Denaturation
Chromosome
Phospholipid (composition)
Cellulose
15. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Glycogen
Pyrimidines (identify)
Cyanobacteria
16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Peptidoglycan
5 classes of amino acids
Denaturation
Beta glucose ring
17. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Integrins
Chitin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Plastids
18. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Functions or proteins
Major categories of macromolecules
Spectrin
Amylopectin
19. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Amylopectin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Prostaglandin
Cellulose
20. Components of cytoskeleton
Plastids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hydrolysis
Hemidesmosomes
21. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Antiport
Hydrocarbons
Prostaglandin
Plasmodesmata
22. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Special function amino acids
Steriod
Cell Theory
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
23. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Glycoproteins
Cyanobacteria
Domains
24. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Major categories of macromolecules
Proteoglycans
Amylose
Cadherin
25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Integrins
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Extreme thermophiles
Phospholipid (composition)
26. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Chitin
Disaccharide
C - H - O - N - S
Cadherin
27. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Pyrimidines (identify)
Prokaryote
Quaternary level of protein structure
Central vacuole
28. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hydrolysis
Countertransport
29. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Primary level of protein structure
Domains
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Extracellular matrix
30. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
Glycerol
Kinesin
Tight junctions
31. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Plastids
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
32. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Cytoskeleton
Glycolipids
Fat (composition)
Plasmodesmata
33. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Fat (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
Chitin
Extreme halophiles
34. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Spectrin
Motifs
Cyanobacteria
Charged amino acids
35. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Amino acid (composition)
Glycogen
Beta glucose ring
36. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Amylose
Extreme thermophiles
Fibronectin
Fat (characteristics)
37. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Tight junctions
Hydrocarbons
Nonpolar amino acids
38. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
First law of thermodynamics
Miller - Urey experiment
Secondary cell wall
39. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Disaccharide
Hydrolysis
Extreme thermophiles
40. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Pyrimidines (identify)
Aromatic amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Integrins
41. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
DNA (location)
Chitin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Fatty acid
42. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Gap junction
Chitin
Hydrocarbons
43. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Secondary level of protein structure
Anchoring junction
Major categories of macromolecules
Pyrimidines (identify)
44. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Amylopectin
Glycolipids
Prostaglandin
45. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Secondary level of protein structure
Fat (composition)
Tight junctions
46. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Hemidesmosomes
Antiport
Nucleotide (composition)
47. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Extreme halophiles
Spectrin
Hemidesmosomes
Functions or proteins
48. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Nucleolus
Primary cell wall
Amylopectin
Chaperone proteins
49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Cytoskeleton
Domains
Collagen
First law of thermodynamics
50. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Middle lamella
Hypercholesterolemia
Secondary cell wall
ATP (composition)
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