Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






2. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






3. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






4. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






5. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






6. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






7. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






8. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






9. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






10. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






11. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






12. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






13. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






14. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






15. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






16. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






17. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






18. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






19. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






20. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






21. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






22. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






23. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






24. Two simple sugars joined together






25. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






26. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






27. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






28. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






29. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






30. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






31. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






32. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






33. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






34. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






35. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






36. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






37. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






38. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






39. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






40. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






41. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






42. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






43. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






44. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






45. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






46. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






47. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






48. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






49. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






50. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists