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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






2. The bond between two sugar molecules






3. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






4. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






5. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






6. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






7. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






8. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






9. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






10. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






11. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






12. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






13. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






14. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






15. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






17. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






18. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






19. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






20. Adenine and Guanine






21. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






22. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






23. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






24. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






25. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






26. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






27. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






28. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






29. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






30. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






31. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






32. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






33. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






34. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






35. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






36. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






37. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






38. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






39. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






40. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






41. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






42. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






43. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






44. Components of cytoskeleton






45. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






46. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






48. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






49. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






50. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits