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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






2. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






3. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






4. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






5. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






6. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






7. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






8. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






9. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






10. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






11. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






12. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






13. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






14. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






15. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






16. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






17. The bond between two sugar molecules






18. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






19. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






20. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






21. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






22. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






23. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






24. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






25. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






26. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






27. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






28. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






29. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






30. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






31. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






32. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






33. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






36. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






37. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






38. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






39. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






40. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






41. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






42. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






43. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






44. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






45. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






46. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






47. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






48. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






49. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






50. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells