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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






2. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






3. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






4. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






5. Two simple sugars joined together






6. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






7. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






8. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






9. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






10. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






12. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






13. The bond between two sugar molecules






14. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






15. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






17. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






18. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






19. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






20. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






21. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






22. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






23. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






24. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






25. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






26. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






27. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






28. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






29. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






30. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






31. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






32. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






33. Components of cytoskeleton






34. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






36. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






37. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






38. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






39. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






40. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






41. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






42. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






45. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






46. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






47. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






48. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






50. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure