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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Functions or proteins
Primary cell wall
Steriod
Charged amino acids
2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Motifs
Primary cell wall
Anchoring junction
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
3. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Fibronectin
Kinesin
Plasmodesmata
Domains
4. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Cell Theory
Nucleolus
xtrusion
Middle lamella
5. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Amylopectin
Nucleolus
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
6. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Motifs
Fat (composition)
Methanogens
7. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Functions or proteins
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Gap junction
Bacteria
8. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Chaperone proteins
Collagen
Peptide bond
Pinocytosis
9. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Hydrocarbons
Antiport
Cell Theory
Collagen
10. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Bacteria
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Primary level of protein structure
11. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Monosaccharide
Pinocytosis
Secondary cell wall
Intermediate filaments
12. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Starch
Cytoskeleton
Special function amino acids
Glycolipids
13. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Nucleolus
Quaternary level of protein structure
Aromatic amino acids
Gap junction
14. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Pyrimidines (identify)
Charged amino acids
Bacteria
Tight junctions
15. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Fat (composition)
Gap junction
Cellulose
16. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Tight junctions
Hypercholesterolemia
Integrins
17. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Amylopectin
Amino acid (composition)
Amylose
18. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Nucleotide (composition)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Phospholipid (composition)
19. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Complimentary bases
Desmosomes
Collagen
Alpha glucose ring
20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
DNA (location)
Keratin
Nucleolus
Alpha glucose ring
21. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Aromatic amino acids
DNA (location)
Centrosome
Complimentary bases
22. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Extreme thermophiles
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Glycogen
Hypercholesterolemia
23. Two simple sugars joined together
Rossman fold
Hemidesmosomes
Motifs
Disaccharide
24. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Middle lamella
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Adherins junctions
Glycogen
25. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Functions or proteins
Methanogens
Chitin
Extreme halophiles
26. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Peptidoglycan
ATP (composition)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Functions or proteins
Hydrocarbons
Peptide bond
Gram positive bacteria
28. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Proteoglycans
Microtubules
Cenriole
29. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Glycosidic bond
Purines (identify)
Flagellum
Hydrocarbons
30. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Flagellum
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Special function amino acids
Cell Theory
31. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Cadherin
Amylopectin
Chitin
Major categories of macromolecules
32. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Keratin
Purines (characteristics)
Hydrolysis
Chaperone proteins
33. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Antiport
Domains
Countertransport
Cadherin
34. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Collagen
Spectrin
First law of thermodynamics
35. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Differences between RNA and DNA
First law of thermodynamics
Primary level of protein structure
36. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Quaternary level of protein structure
Centrosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
37. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Phosphdiester bond
Steriod
5 classes of amino acids
ATP (composition)
38. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Rossman fold
Primary cell wall
Quaternary level of protein structure
Fat (characteristics)
39. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Tight junctions
Monosaccharide
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Proteoglycans
40. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Functions or proteins
Extreme halophiles
Hemidesmosomes
Archaebacteria
41. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Bacteriorhodopsin
Centrosome
Primary level of protein structure
Hydrocarbons
42. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Phospholipid (composition)
5 classes of amino acids
Integrins
Peptidoglycan
43. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Clathrin
Rossman fold
Peptide bond
Charged amino acids
44. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Tight junctions
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Amino acid (composition)
45. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Extracellular matrix
Pyrimidines (identify)
Glycerol
Chitin
46. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Secondary level of protein structure
Clathrin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Fat (composition)
47. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Glycogen
Hemidesmosomes
Middle lamella
Chitin
48. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Complimentary bases
Cell Theory
Peptidoglycan
Cytoskeleton
49. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Domains
Clathrin
Centrosome
Hemidesmosomes
50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Hydrolysis
Beta glucose ring
Nucleolus
Miller - Urey experiment