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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






2. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






3. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






4. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






5. Components of cytoskeleton






6. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






7. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






9. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






10. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






11. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






12. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






13. The bond between two sugar molecules






14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






15. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






16. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






18. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






19. Two simple sugars joined together






20. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






21. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






22. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






24. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






25. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






26. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






27. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






28. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






29. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






30. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






31. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






32. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






33. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






34. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






35. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






36. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






37. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






38. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






39. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






40. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






41. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






42. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






43. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






44. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






45. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






46. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






47. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






48. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






49. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






50. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine