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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Glycoproteins
Cyanobacteria
Chromosome
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
2. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Integrins
5 classes of amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
3. Components of cytoskeleton
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Rossman fold
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Primary cell wall
4. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Primary level of protein structure
Cell Theory
Pinocytosis
Denaturation
5. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Primary cell wall
Clathrin
Functions or proteins
Antiport
6. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Anchoring junction
Intermediate filaments
Fibronectin
First law of thermodynamics
7. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Middle lamella
Intermediate filaments
Monosaccharide
Cellulose
8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Peptidoglycan
Beta glucose ring
Collagen
Plastids
9. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Hydrolysis
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Bacteriorhodopsin
10. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Proteoglycans
Hydrolysis
Phosphdiester bond
Pyrimidines (identify)
11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Miller - Urey experiment
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Clathrin
Glycoproteins
12. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Methanogens
Antiport
Functions or proteins
Cellulose
13. Two simple sugars joined together
Fatty acid
Nonpolar amino acids
Proteoglycans
Disaccharide
14. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Desmosomes
Amino acid (composition)
Intermediate filaments
15. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Rossman fold
Nucleotide (composition)
Centrosome
Complimentary bases
16. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Charged amino acids
Motifs
xtrusion
Gap junction
17. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
ATP (composition)
Dehydration synthesis
Quaternary level of protein structure
Major categories of macromolecules
18. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Spectrin
Plastids
Chromosome
Amylopectin
19. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Central vacuole
Methanogens
Glycerol
20. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Starch
Monosaccharide
Fibronectin
Collagen
21. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Hydrolysis
Special function amino acids
Keratin
22. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Keratin
Peptidoglycan
Gap junction
23. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Keratin
Desmosomes
Amylopectin
24. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Nucleotide (composition)
Phospholipid (composition)
Plastids
25. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Tight junctions
Kinesin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
26. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Bacteriorhodopsin
Primary cell wall
Adherins junctions
Clathrin
27. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Alpha glucose ring
Pinocytosis
Tertiaty level of protein structure
28. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Amylopectin
Cytoskeleton
Tight junctions
Fibronectin
29. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Proteoglycans
Hemidesmosomes
Monosaccharide
Plasmodesmata
30. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hydrolysis
31. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Proteoglycans
Starch
Cytoplasm
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
32. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Kinesin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Chaperone proteins
C - H - O - N - S
33. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Bacteriorhodopsin
Centrosome
Quaternary level of protein structure
Secondary level of protein structure
34. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Pinocytosis
Secondary cell wall
Flagellum
35. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Hemidesmosomes
Chitin
Plasmodesmata
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
36. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Pinocytosis
Complimentary bases
Archaebacteria
Gram positive bacteria
37. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Chitin
Secondary level of protein structure
Hemidesmosomes
38. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Monosaccharide
Pyrimidines (identify)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Motifs
39. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cadherin
Pinocytosis
Pyrimidines (identify)
40. The bond between two sugar molecules
Purines (identify)
Glycosidic bond
Anchoring junction
Phosphdiester bond
41. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Peptide bond
Charged amino acids
Cell Theory
Beta glucose ring
42. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Antiport
5 classes of amino acids
Gram positive bacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
43. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Primary cell wall
Primary level of protein structure
Nucleolus
Hemidesmosomes
44. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Prokaryote
Nucleolus
Major categories of macromolecules
Denaturation
45. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Glycoproteins
Central vacuole
Intermediate filaments
Polar uncharged amino acids
46. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prostaglandin
Prokaryote
Secondary cell wall
Amylose
47. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Anchoring junction
ATP (composition)
Gap junction
Cyanobacteria
48. Adenine and Guanine
Rossman fold
Purines (identify)
Nucleolus
Hypercholesterolemia
49. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Clathrin
Quaternary level of protein structure
Amylose
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
50. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Plasmodesmata
Beta barrel
DNA (location)
Kinesin
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