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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Methanogens
Extreme halophiles
Clathrin
Peptidoglycan
2. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Extreme thermophiles
Hypercholesterolemia
Bacteria
3. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Special function amino acids
Prostaglandin
Proteoglycans
Charged amino acids
4. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Flagellum
Intermediate filaments
Anchoring junction
ATP (composition)
5. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Cell Theory
Cenriole
Secondary cell wall
Functions or proteins
6. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Plastids
Charged amino acids
7. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Spectrin
Cyanobacteria
Glycolipids
8. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Miller - Urey experiment
First law of thermodynamics
Plastids
Microtubules
9. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Beta glucose ring
Countertransport
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hemidesmosomes
10. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Gram positive bacteria
Plastids
Anchoring junction
11. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Desmosomes
Major categories of macromolecules
Hydrolysis
Cadherin
12. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Glycerol
Fat (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Antiport
13. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Central vacuole
Countertransport
Desmosomes
Anchoring junction
14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Chromosome
Primary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
15. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Cadherin
Amino acid (composition)
Proteoglycans
16. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
xtrusion
Primary level of protein structure
Microtubules
Purines (characteristics)
17. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Integrins
Microtubules
Peptidoglycan
Purines (identify)
18. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Starch
Dynein
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Hemidesmosomes
19. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Clathrin
Motifs
Nonpolar amino acids
Peptide bond
20. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Beta barrel
Denaturation
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
21. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Prostaglandin
Desmosomes
Nucleolus
Beta barrel
22. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Domains
Keratin
Gap junction
23. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Proteoglycans
Dehydration synthesis
Primary level of protein structure
24. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Purines (identify)
ATP (composition)
25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
DNA (location)
Collagen
Cytoplasm
Intermediate filaments
26. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Chromosome
Fatty acid
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Peptide bond
27. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Fat (characteristics)
Pinocytosis
Quaternary level of protein structure
28. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Cellulose
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Quaternary level of protein structure
29. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Cytoskeleton
Dynein
Functions or proteins
Amylopectin
30. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Collagen
Glycosidic bond
Glycogen
31. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Hydrocarbons
Integrins
Anchoring junction
Hydrolysis
32. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
xtrusion
Central vacuole
Glycerol
33. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Charged amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
Polar uncharged amino acids
34. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cellulose
Plastids
Centrosome
35. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Complimentary bases
Amylose
Secondary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
36. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Gram positive bacteria
Differences between RNA and DNA
Domains
Rossman fold
37. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Integrins
Dehydration synthesis
Chromosome
Intermediate filaments
38. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Motifs
Miller - Urey experiment
Centrosome
Purines (characteristics)
39. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Central vacuole
Adherins junctions
5 classes of amino acids
Complimentary bases
40. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Hypercholesterolemia
Glycolipids
Motifs
Integrins
41. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Central vacuole
Special function amino acids
Denaturation
Cytoskeleton
42. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Beta barrel
Nucleotide (composition)
Antiport
43. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Extreme halophiles
Tight junctions
Nucleotide (composition)
Archaebacteria
44. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
First law of thermodynamics
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Middle lamella
45. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
xtrusion
Proteoglycans
Chromosome
46. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Tight junctions
Hydrocarbons
Integrins
Polar uncharged amino acids
47. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Chromosome
5 classes of amino acids
Prokaryote
Monosaccharide
48. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Gap junction
Primary level of protein structure
Functions or proteins
49. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Disaccharide
Glycolipids
Dehydration synthesis
50. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Countertransport
Bacteriorhodopsin
Antiport