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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






2. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






3. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






4. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






5. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






6. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






7. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






8. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






9. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






11. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






12. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






13. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






14. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






15. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






16. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






17. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






19. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






20. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






21. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






22. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






23. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






24. Two simple sugars joined together






25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






26. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






27. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






30. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






31. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






32. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






33. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






34. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






35. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






36. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






37. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






38. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






40. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






41. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






42. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






43. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






44. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






45. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






46. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






47. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






48. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






49. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






50. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells