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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






2. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






3. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






4. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






5. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






6. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






7. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






8. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






9. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






10. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






11. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






12. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






13. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






14. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






15. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






16. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






17. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






18. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






19. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






20. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






21. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






22. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






23. Components of cytoskeleton






24. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






26. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






28. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






30. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






31. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






32. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






33. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






34. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






35. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






36. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






37. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






38. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






39. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






40. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






41. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






42. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






43. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






44. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






45. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






46. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






47. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






48. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






49. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).