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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






2. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






3. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






4. The bond between two sugar molecules






5. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






7. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






8. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






9. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






10. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






11. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






12. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






13. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






15. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






17. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






18. Components of cytoskeleton






19. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






20. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






21. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






22. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






23. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






24. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






25. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






26. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






27. Two simple sugars joined together






28. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






29. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






30. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






31. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






32. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






33. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






34. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






35. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






36. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






37. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






38. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






39. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






40. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






41. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






42. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






43. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






44. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






45. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






46. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






47. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






48. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






49. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






50. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell