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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






2. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






3. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






4. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






5. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






6. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






7. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






8. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






9. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






10. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






11. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






12. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






13. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






14. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






15. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






16. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






17. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






18. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






19. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






20. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






21. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






22. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






23. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






25. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






26. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






27. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






28. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






29. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






30. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






31. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






32. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






33. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






34. Components of cytoskeleton






35. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






36. The bond between two sugar molecules






37. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






38. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






39. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






40. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






41. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






42. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






43. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






44. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






46. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






47. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






48. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






49. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group