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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






4. The bond between two sugar molecules






5. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






6. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






7. Components of cytoskeleton






8. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






9. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






10. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






11. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






12. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






13. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






14. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






15. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






16. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






17. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






18. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






19. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






20. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






21. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






22. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






23. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






24. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






25. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






26. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






27. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






28. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






29. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






30. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






31. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






32. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






33. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






34. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






35. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






36. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






37. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






38. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






39. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






40. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






41. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






42. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






43. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






44. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






45. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






46. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






47. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






48. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






49. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






50. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol