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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






2. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






3. Components of cytoskeleton






4. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






5. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






6. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






7. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






9. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






10. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






12. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






13. Two simple sugars joined together






14. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






15. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






16. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






17. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






18. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






19. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






20. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






21. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






22. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






23. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






24. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






25. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






26. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






27. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






28. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






29. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






30. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






31. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






32. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






33. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






34. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






35. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






36. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






37. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






38. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






39. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






40. The bond between two sugar molecules






41. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






42. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






43. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






44. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






45. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






46. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






47. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






48. Adenine and Guanine






49. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






50. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.







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