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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






2. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






3. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






4. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






5. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






6. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






7. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






8. Components of cytoskeleton






9. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






10. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






11. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






12. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






13. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






14. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






15. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






16. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






17. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






18. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






19. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






20. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






21. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






22. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






23. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






24. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






25. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






26. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






28. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






29. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






30. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






31. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






32. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






33. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






34. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






35. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






36. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






37. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






38. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






39. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






40. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






41. Two simple sugars joined together






42. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






43. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






44. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






45. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






48. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






49. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






50. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein