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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Major categories of macromolecules
Hypercholesterolemia
Extreme halophiles
2. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
DNA (location)
Collagen
Domains
3. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Prostaglandin
Primary level of protein structure
Domains
4. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Bacteriorhodopsin
Anchoring junction
Peptide bond
5. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Hydrolysis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Central vacuole
Intermediate filaments
6. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Hydrolysis
Phosphdiester bond
Special function amino acids
Plasmodesmata
7. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Antiport
Extreme thermophiles
Nucleolus
8. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Adherins junctions
Domains
9. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Adherins junctions
Beta glucose ring
Dehydration synthesis
10. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Pinocytosis
Cenriole
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Extreme thermophiles
11. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Kinesin
Motifs
Prostaglandin
Cyanobacteria
12. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Cytoskeleton
DNA (location)
Prokaryote
Adherins junctions
13. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Starch
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Primary level of protein structure
14. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Nucleotide (composition)
Antiport
Centrosome
15. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Purines (identify)
ATP (composition)
Cadherin
Cyanobacteria
16. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Domains
Nucleolus
Phosphdiester bond
Hypercholesterolemia
17. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Motifs
Quaternary level of protein structure
Chromosome
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
18. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Hemidesmosomes
Amylopectin
Phosphdiester bond
19. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Keratin
Aromatic amino acids
Middle lamella
20. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Miller - Urey experiment
Amylopectin
Special function amino acids
Antiport
21. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Peptidoglycan
Countertransport
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Phospholipid (composition)
22. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Cytoskeleton
Cadherin
Secondary cell wall
Glycolipids
23. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Prokaryote
Bacteria
5 classes of amino acids
Flagellum
24. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Glycerol
Countertransport
Clathrin
25. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Fat (composition)
Fibronectin
Tight junctions
Kinesin
26. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Hydrocarbons
Starch
Intermediate filaments
27. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
ATP (composition)
Complimentary bases
Fibronectin
Primary level of protein structure
28. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
5 classes of amino acids
Fibronectin
Hydrocarbons
Bacteriorhodopsin
29. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Methanogens
Hemidesmosomes
First law of thermodynamics
30. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Central vacuole
Phosphdiester bond
Starch
Centrosome
31. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Peptidoglycan
Fibronectin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Primary cell wall
32. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
ATP (composition)
Collagen
Prostaglandin
Methanogens
33. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Methanogens
C - H - O - N - S
Rossman fold
Primary level of protein structure
34. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Extreme halophiles
Adherins junctions
Cadherin
35. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Cell Theory
Quaternary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (identify)
Disaccharide
36. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Dehydration synthesis
Chromosome
Hypercholesterolemia
37. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Plastids
Special function amino acids
Prostaglandin
38. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Cyanobacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Peptidoglycan
5 classes of amino acids
39. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Purines (identify)
Fibronectin
Functions or proteins
40. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Glycerol
Primary cell wall
Cell Theory
Microtubules
41. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Prostaglandin
Rossman fold
Domains
First law of thermodynamics
42. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Hemidesmosomes
Steriod
Spectrin
Extreme thermophiles
43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Cellulose
Dehydration synthesis
Desmosomes
Chitin
44. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Glycosidic bond
Amino acid (composition)
Hydrocarbons
45. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Beta glucose ring
Integrins
ATP (composition)
Amino acid (composition)
46. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
C - H - O - N - S
Nucleolus
Phosphdiester bond
Clathrin
47. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cell Theory
Starch
48. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Glycoproteins
Miller - Urey experiment
Peptidoglycan
49. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
ATP (composition)
Anchoring junction
Differences between RNA and DNA
Beta glucose ring
50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Aromatic amino acids
Fibronectin
Desmosomes
Glycogen