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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Alpha glucose ring
Complimentary bases
Cellulose
2. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
xtrusion
Phosphdiester bond
Hydrocarbons
3. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Prokaryote
Integrins
Special function amino acids
Chromosome
4. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Glycerol
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Fibronectin
Countertransport
5. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Bacteria
Microtubules
Adherins junctions
Prostaglandin
6. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Methanogens
Fatty acid
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Bacteriorhodopsin
7. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Extreme thermophiles
Hypercholesterolemia
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Beta barrel
8. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
First law of thermodynamics
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hydrolysis
Flagellum
9. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Dehydration synthesis
Glycolipids
Special function amino acids
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
10. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Fat (characteristics)
Cadherin
Plastids
Complimentary bases
11. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Cytoplasm
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Antiport
12. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Extracellular matrix
Starch
Gap junction
13. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Complimentary bases
Collagen
Charged amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
14. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Anchoring junction
Phospholipid (composition)
Pyrimidines (identify)
15. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Nonpolar amino acids
Cenriole
Denaturation
Proteoglycans
16. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Glycerol
Monosaccharide
Domains
Collagen
17. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Domains
Cytoskeleton
Spectrin
18. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Complimentary bases
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Chitin
19. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Prokaryote
Motifs
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Starch
20. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Dehydration synthesis
Chitin
Gap junction
Hemidesmosomes
21. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Amylose
5 classes of amino acids
Prostaglandin
Fibronectin
22. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Anchoring junction
Flagellum
ATP (composition)
23. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Bacteriorhodopsin
Denaturation
Purines (characteristics)
Collagen
24. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Hydrolysis
Functions or proteins
Archaebacteria
25. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Plasmodesmata
Amylose
Functions or proteins
Major categories of macromolecules
26. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Cadherin
Tight junctions
ATP (composition)
Centrosome
27. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Intermediate filaments
C - H - O - N - S
Nonpolar amino acids
Amylopectin
28. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Pyrimidines (identify)
Cyanobacteria
Nonpolar amino acids
Cenriole
29. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Pinocytosis
Cytoplasm
Clathrin
Cytoskeleton
30. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Fibronectin
Starch
Clathrin
C - H - O - N - S
31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Starch
Gram positive bacteria
Plastids
Monosaccharide
32. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Chitin
Desmosomes
5 classes of amino acids
33. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Nucleotide (composition)
Rossman fold
Chromosome
Plastids
34. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Anchoring junction
Centrosome
Quaternary level of protein structure
Primary level of protein structure
35. Two simple sugars joined together
Dehydration synthesis
Disaccharide
Dynein
Quaternary level of protein structure
36. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Extreme halophiles
Integrins
Fat (characteristics)
37. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Flagellum
Aromatic amino acids
Plasmodesmata
Cellulose
38. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Miller - Urey experiment
Hydrocarbons
Dehydration synthesis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
39. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Chromosome
5 classes of amino acids
Microtubules
Glycerol
40. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Central vacuole
Extracellular matrix
Anchoring junction
41. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Fat (composition)
Dehydration synthesis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Gap junction
42. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Desmosomes
Steriod
Denaturation
43. Components of cytoskeleton
Adherins junctions
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Extracellular matrix
Peptidoglycan
44. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Cellulose
Intermediate filaments
Prostaglandin
45. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Countertransport
Cenriole
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
46. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Anchoring junction
Disaccharide
Hypercholesterolemia
Hydrolysis
47. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Glycogen
Prostaglandin
Desmosomes
Chitin
48. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Centrosome
Peptide bond
Cyanobacteria
49. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Phospholipid (composition)
Fatty acid
Miller - Urey experiment
Denaturation
50. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Major categories of macromolecules
Fat (characteristics)
Steriod
Cell Theory