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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






2. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






3. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






4. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






5. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






6. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






7. Two simple sugars joined together






8. The bond between two sugar molecules






9. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






10. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






11. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






12. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






13. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






14. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






15. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






16. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






18. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






19. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






20. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






21. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






22. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






23. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






24. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






25. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






26. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






27. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






28. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






29. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






30. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






31. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






32. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






33. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






34. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






35. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






36. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






37. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






38. Components of cytoskeleton






39. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






40. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






41. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






42. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






43. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






44. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






45. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






46. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






47. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






48. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






49. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






50. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support