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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Intermediate filaments
Purines (characteristics)
Collagen
Prokaryote
2. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Cellulose
Peptide bond
Anchoring junction
First law of thermodynamics
3. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Phospholipid (composition)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Extreme thermophiles
Nonpolar amino acids
4. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
C - H - O - N - S
Fibronectin
Cytoskeleton
Glycogen
5. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
5 classes of amino acids
Antiport
Dynein
Phosphdiester bond
6. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Plasmodesmata
Pyrimidines (identify)
Domains
Plastids
7. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Aromatic amino acids
Motifs
Pyrimidines (identify)
Secondary cell wall
8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Hydrocarbons
Glycosidic bond
Polar uncharged amino acids
Alpha glucose ring
9. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Domains
Glycolipids
Dehydration synthesis
10. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Chromosome
Rossman fold
Cadherin
11. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
Prokaryote
Glycosidic bond
Domains
12. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Glycerol
Glycosidic bond
13. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Hydrolysis
Quaternary level of protein structure
Desmosomes
Purines (characteristics)
14. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Fibronectin
Major categories of macromolecules
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cyanobacteria
15. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Primary level of protein structure
Cytoplasm
Glycosidic bond
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
16. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Nucleotide (composition)
Adherins junctions
Alpha glucose ring
17. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Fatty acid
Clathrin
Fibronectin
18. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Peptidoglycan
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Gram positive bacteria
Amylose
19. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Keratin
Extreme thermophiles
Special function amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
20. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Chitin
Peptidoglycan
Centrosome
Rossman fold
21. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Secondary level of protein structure
Dehydration synthesis
Microtubules
First law of thermodynamics
22. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Glycogen
Purines (identify)
Flagellum
Hydrolysis
23. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
First law of thermodynamics
Chaperone proteins
Rossman fold
DNA (location)
24. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Functions or proteins
Chitin
Extracellular matrix
Centrosome
25. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Intermediate filaments
Starch
Fatty acid
Gap junction
26. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Proteoglycans
Primary cell wall
Pyrimidines (identify)
Primary level of protein structure
27. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Chitin
C - H - O - N - S
Fatty acid
Secondary cell wall
28. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Antiport
Collagen
Hemidesmosomes
Bacteriorhodopsin
29. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Complimentary bases
Aromatic amino acids
Glycogen
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
30. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Gram positive bacteria
Beta glucose ring
Denaturation
Cadherin
31. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Phospholipid (composition)
Fibronectin
DNA (location)
Archaebacteria
32. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Fibronectin
Motifs
Integrins
Antiport
33. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Amylopectin
Quaternary level of protein structure
Anchoring junction
34. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Complimentary bases
Glycerol
Special function amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
35. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Rossman fold
Middle lamella
Monosaccharide
Functions or proteins
36. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Chitin
Dynein
Chaperone proteins
37. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Starch
Extreme thermophiles
Methanogens
Prostaglandin
38. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Fat (characteristics)
Major categories of macromolecules
Phospholipid (composition)
Spectrin
39. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Nucleolus
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cadherin
Fat (composition)
40. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Amino acid (composition)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Archaebacteria
41. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Nucleotide (composition)
Spectrin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Alpha glucose ring
42. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
Centrosome
Extreme thermophiles
Collagen
43. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extracellular matrix
Secondary level of protein structure
Extreme halophiles
Nonpolar amino acids
44. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Beta barrel
Desmosomes
Steriod
45. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Purines (identify)
Glycoproteins
Amino acid (composition)
46. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Amylopectin
Amino acid (composition)
Middle lamella
C - H - O - N - S
47. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Tight junctions
Hydrolysis
Polar uncharged amino acids
Beta barrel
48. The bond between two sugar molecules
Integrins
Glycosidic bond
Cell Theory
Countertransport
49. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Charged amino acids
Chromosome
Cyanobacteria
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
50. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Extreme halophiles
Glycoproteins
Cell Theory
Secondary level of protein structure