Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






2. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






3. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






4. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






5. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






7. Components of cytoskeleton






8. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






9. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






10. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






11. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






12. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






13. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






14. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






15. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






16. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






17. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






18. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






19. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






20. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






21. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






22. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






23. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






24. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






25. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






26. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






27. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






28. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






29. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






30. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






31. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






32. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






33. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






34. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






35. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






36. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






37. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






38. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






39. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






40. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






41. Adenine and Guanine






42. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






43. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






44. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






45. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






46. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






47. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






48. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






49. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






50. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base