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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






2. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






3. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






4. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






5. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






6. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






7. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






8. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






9. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






10. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






11. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






12. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






13. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






14. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






15. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






16. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






17. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






18. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






19. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






20. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






21. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






22. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






23. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






24. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






25. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






26. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






27. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






28. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






29. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






30. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






31. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






32. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






33. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






36. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






37. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






38. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






39. Components of cytoskeleton






40. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






41. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






42. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






43. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






44. Adenine and Guanine






45. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






46. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






48. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






49. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






50. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior