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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






2. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






3. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






4. The bond between two sugar molecules






5. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






6. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






7. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






8. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






9. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






10. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






11. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






12. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






13. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






14. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






15. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






16. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






17. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






19. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






20. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






21. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






22. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






23. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






24. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






25. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






26. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






28. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






29. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






30. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






31. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






32. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






33. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






34. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






35. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






36. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






37. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






38. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






39. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






40. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






41. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






42. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






43. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






44. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






45. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






48. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






49. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






50. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves