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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






2. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






3. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






5. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






6. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






7. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






8. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






9. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






10. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






11. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






12. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






13. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






14. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






15. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






18. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






19. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






20. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






21. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






22. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






23. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






24. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






26. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






27. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






28. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






29. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






30. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






31. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






32. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






33. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






34. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






35. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






36. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






37. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






38. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






39. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






40. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






41. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






42. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






43. The bond between two sugar molecules






44. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






45. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






46. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






47. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






48. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






49. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






50. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits