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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Glycosidic bond
Beta glucose ring
Glycolipids
2. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Special function amino acids
Fibronectin
Starch
Extracellular matrix
3. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Archaebacteria
Gap junction
Charged amino acids
4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Dehydration synthesis
Special function amino acids
Pyrimidines (identify)
Countertransport
5. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Complimentary bases
Secondary level of protein structure
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
6. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Amylopectin
Peptide bond
ATP (composition)
Countertransport
7. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Chromosome
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Fatty acid
8. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Quaternary level of protein structure
Peptidoglycan
Gram positive bacteria
Pinocytosis
9. Adenine and Guanine
Nucleotide (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Purines (identify)
Extreme thermophiles
10. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Chromosome
Disaccharide
Adherins junctions
Extreme halophiles
11. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Primary level of protein structure
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Cadherin
Bacteria
12. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Alpha glucose ring
Spectrin
Antiport
Phosphdiester bond
13. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Primary level of protein structure
Extracellular matrix
Integrins
Pinocytosis
14. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Purines (identify)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Pyrimidines (identify)
15. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
5 classes of amino acids
Polar uncharged amino acids
Amylopectin
16. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Rossman fold
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Middle lamella
17. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Archaebacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Extreme thermophiles
xtrusion
18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Rossman fold
Steriod
Peptidoglycan
19. Components of cytoskeleton
Dehydration synthesis
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Fat (characteristics)
Functions or proteins
20. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Extreme halophiles
Fat (composition)
Plasmodesmata
Glycolipids
21. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Extracellular matrix
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Motifs
22. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Dynein
Charged amino acids
Nucleolus
Secondary level of protein structure
23. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Amylopectin
Disaccharide
Intermediate filaments
24. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
Charged amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Functions or proteins
25. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Hemidesmosomes
Glycerol
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Intermediate filaments
26. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Glycoproteins
xtrusion
Beta glucose ring
27. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
ATP (composition)
Fat (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
Central vacuole
28. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Polar uncharged amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
Amylopectin
29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Amylose
Cadherin
Aromatic amino acids
Cytoskeleton
30. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
5 classes of amino acids
Pinocytosis
Centrosome
Glycoproteins
31. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Fatty acid
Nonpolar amino acids
Central vacuole
Chitin
32. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Hemidesmosomes
Kinesin
Fatty acid
33. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Fatty acid
DNA (location)
Quaternary level of protein structure
34. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Extreme halophiles
ATP (composition)
Extracellular matrix
35. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Cytoskeleton
DNA (location)
Fatty acid
Functions or proteins
36. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Extracellular matrix
Centrosome
Secondary level of protein structure
Collagen
37. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Nucleotide (composition)
Beta barrel
Purines (characteristics)
38. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Steriod
Bacteria
Gap junction
Prokaryote
39. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Miller - Urey experiment
Phosphdiester bond
DNA (location)
40. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Countertransport
Chitin
Primary cell wall
41. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Anchoring junction
Primary level of protein structure
Denaturation
Fat (characteristics)
42. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Proteoglycans
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Pyrimidines (identify)
43. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Dynein
Complimentary bases
Bacteriorhodopsin
44. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Fat (characteristics)
Archaebacteria
Plastids
45. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Adherins junctions
Countertransport
Charged amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Hydrolysis
5 classes of amino acids
Keratin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
47. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Proteoglycans
Keratin
Chaperone proteins
Cellulose
48. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Alpha glucose ring
Spectrin
Primary level of protein structure
49. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria
Plasmodesmata
Chitin
50. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Chaperone proteins
Secondary cell wall
Dynein
Denaturation
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