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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Archaebacteria
Rossman fold
Peptide bond
Plasmodesmata
2. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Phospholipid (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
Secondary level of protein structure
Alpha glucose ring
3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Cadherin
Beta glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
Cytoskeleton
4. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Fibronectin
Fat (composition)
Flagellum
5. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Chromosome
Adherins junctions
Plastids
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
6. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Differences between RNA and DNA
ATP (composition)
Glycoproteins
Primary cell wall
7. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Aromatic amino acids
Clathrin
Phospholipid (composition)
Beta barrel
8. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Complimentary bases
Peptide bond
Special function amino acids
Central vacuole
9. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Glycoproteins
Chitin
Phosphdiester bond
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
10. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Amylopectin
Bacteria
Complimentary bases
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
11. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
xtrusion
Glycogen
Hemidesmosomes
Pinocytosis
12. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Extracellular matrix
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Aromatic amino acids
Desmosomes
13. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Phospholipid (composition)
Plastids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
14. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Hydrolysis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Fatty acid
15. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Chaperone proteins
Polar uncharged amino acids
Proteoglycans
16. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Archaebacteria
Chromosome
Chaperone proteins
Quaternary level of protein structure
17. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Countertransport
Amino acid (composition)
Purines (characteristics)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
18. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Secondary cell wall
Countertransport
19. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Nucleotide (composition)
Functions or proteins
Pyrimidines (identify)
Tight junctions
20. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Purines (identify)
Collagen
Miller - Urey experiment
21. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Glycoproteins
Countertransport
Desmosomes
Chaperone proteins
22. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Glycoproteins
Amylose
Extreme halophiles
Starch
23. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Keratin
Plasmodesmata
Primary level of protein structure
Chitin
24. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Amylopectin
Amylose
Cyanobacteria
Glycoproteins
25. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Dynein
Aromatic amino acids
Glycosidic bond
26. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Phosphdiester bond
Hypercholesterolemia
DNA (location)
Peptidoglycan
27. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
First law of thermodynamics
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Primary cell wall
28. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Chromosome
Major categories of macromolecules
Spectrin
Primary cell wall
29. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Fat (composition)
Peptide bond
Quaternary level of protein structure
Hemidesmosomes
30. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Pinocytosis
Integrins
DNA (location)
31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Amylose
Collagen
Amylopectin
Miller - Urey experiment
32. Two simple sugars joined together
Special function amino acids
Disaccharide
Hydrolysis
Adherins junctions
33. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Miller - Urey experiment
Prokaryote
Tight junctions
34. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Desmosomes
Beta barrel
Primary level of protein structure
35. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Extreme halophiles
Bacteriorhodopsin
Middle lamella
DNA (location)
36. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pinocytosis
Prostaglandin
Nonpolar amino acids
Pyrimidines (identify)
37. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Tight junctions
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Collagen
Charged amino acids
38. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Monosaccharide
Complimentary bases
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Secondary level of protein structure
39. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Disaccharide
Collagen
Fat (composition)
40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Glycogen
Proteoglycans
Alpha glucose ring
Differences between RNA and DNA
41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Domains
Hydrocarbons
Keratin
Integrins
42. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Intermediate filaments
Cadherin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Countertransport
43. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Tight junctions
Extracellular matrix
Fatty acid
First law of thermodynamics
44. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Secondary cell wall
Desmosomes
45. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Glycosidic bond
Beta glucose ring
Beta barrel
Cadherin
46. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Fatty acid
Central vacuole
Pinocytosis
Nucleotide (composition)
47. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Extracellular matrix
Cell Theory
Centrosome
Gap junction
48. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Purines (characteristics)
Peptidoglycan
Nonpolar amino acids
DNA (location)
49. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Middle lamella
Peptidoglycan
Countertransport
50. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Cadherin
Microtubules
C - H - O - N - S
Beta barrel