Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






2. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






3. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






5. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






6. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






7. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






8. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






9. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






10. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






12. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






13. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






14. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






15. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






16. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






17. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






18. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






19. Adenine and Guanine






20. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






21. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






22. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






23. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






24. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






25. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






26. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






27. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






28. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






29. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






30. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






31. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






32. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






33. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






34. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






35. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






36. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






37. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






38. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






39. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






40. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






41. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






42. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






43. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






44. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






45. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






46. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






47. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






48. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






49. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group