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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Secondary level of protein structure
Flagellum
Dynein
Prostaglandin
2. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycolipids
Glycogen
Amino acid (composition)
Plastids
3. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Collagen
Major categories of macromolecules
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Steriod
4. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Hypercholesterolemia
Primary level of protein structure
Antiport
Dehydration synthesis
5. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Purines (identify)
Secondary cell wall
Fibronectin
Functions or proteins
6. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Secondary cell wall
Nucleotide (composition)
Complimentary bases
Chaperone proteins
7. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Central vacuole
Glycogen
Tight junctions
Phospholipid (composition)
8. Two simple sugars joined together
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Fibronectin
Disaccharide
9. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Aromatic amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
Fatty acid
Antiport
10. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Flagellum
Purines (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
11. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Amylopectin
Extreme thermophiles
Middle lamella
Desmosomes
12. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Extreme halophiles
Desmosomes
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
13. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Primary cell wall
Steriod
Spectrin
Integrins
14. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Nonpolar amino acids
Flagellum
Glycerol
Starch
15. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Middle lamella
Polar uncharged amino acids
16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Peptidoglycan
Monosaccharide
Rossman fold
Kinesin
17. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Archaebacteria
Dynein
18. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Gram positive bacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Intermediate filaments
Nucleotide (composition)
19. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Complimentary bases
Primary cell wall
Fat (characteristics)
20. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Dehydration synthesis
Phosphdiester bond
Spectrin
21. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Denaturation
Charged amino acids
Prostaglandin
Clathrin
22. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Hemidesmosomes
Kinesin
Keratin
Flagellum
23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Special function amino acids
Glycoproteins
Complimentary bases
Fat (composition)
24. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Pyrimidines (identify)
Starch
Nonpolar amino acids
25. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Hypercholesterolemia
C - H - O - N - S
Central vacuole
Amino acid (composition)
26. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Cell Theory
Rossman fold
Amino acid (composition)
27. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Charged amino acids
Polar uncharged amino acids
Amylose
Starch
28. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Primary level of protein structure
Domains
Antiport
Glycerol
29. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Alpha glucose ring
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
30. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Central vacuole
Glycogen
Alpha glucose ring
31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Microtubules
Flagellum
Extracellular matrix
32. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Primary cell wall
Desmosomes
Spectrin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
33. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Pinocytosis
Microtubules
Anchoring junction
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
34. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Monosaccharide
DNA (location)
35. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Differences between RNA and DNA
Fibronectin
Secondary cell wall
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
36. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Tight junctions
Microtubules
Cenriole
Pyrimidines (identify)
37. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Rossman fold
Hypercholesterolemia
Peptide bond
38. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Plastids
Anchoring junction
Bacteriorhodopsin
Polar uncharged amino acids
39. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
First law of thermodynamics
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pinocytosis
Extreme thermophiles
40. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Polar uncharged amino acids
Peptide bond
Phosphdiester bond
41. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Complimentary bases
Phospholipid (composition)
42. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Rossman fold
Amylopectin
Cyanobacteria
Antiport
43. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Nucleotide (composition)
Rossman fold
Miller - Urey experiment
44. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Pinocytosis
Quaternary level of protein structure
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Proteoglycans
45. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Gap junction
Cadherin
Cenriole
Aromatic amino acids
46. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Cellulose
Microtubules
Extreme thermophiles
47. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Adherins junctions
Pyrimidines (identify)
Bacteria
Plasmodesmata
48. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Miller - Urey experiment
Pyrimidines (identify)
Alpha glucose ring
49. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Purines (identify)
Clathrin
Nucleotide (composition)
Proteoglycans
50. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Nonpolar amino acids
Adherins junctions