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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
C - H - O - N - S
Antiport
Pyrimidines (identify)
2. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Differences between RNA and DNA
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Adherins junctions
Nonpolar amino acids
3. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Flagellum
Nonpolar amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Methanogens
4. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Cell Theory
Archaebacteria
Countertransport
Differences between RNA and DNA
5. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Keratin
Adherins junctions
Fatty acid
Extreme halophiles
6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Plastids
Antiport
Primary level of protein structure
Amino acid (composition)
7. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Adherins junctions
Centrosome
Cellulose
Integrins
8. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Major categories of macromolecules
Antiport
ATP (composition)
Beta barrel
9. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Dehydration synthesis
Methanogens
Quaternary level of protein structure
10. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Cell Theory
Functions or proteins
ATP (composition)
Pinocytosis
11. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Microtubules
Fat (composition)
Centrosome
Middle lamella
12. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Nucleotide (composition)
Integrins
Plastids
Glycogen
13. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Cyanobacteria
Gap junction
Countertransport
Intermediate filaments
14. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Phospholipid (composition)
Chaperone proteins
Plastids
Fibronectin
15. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Cell Theory
Purines (identify)
Cyanobacteria
16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Fatty acid
Amylopectin
Steriod
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
17. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Tight junctions
Methanogens
ATP (composition)
Clathrin
18. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Archaebacteria
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Proteoglycans
Gap junction
19. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Motifs
Charged amino acids
Cell Theory
20. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Middle lamella
Gap junction
Anchoring junction
Phosphdiester bond
21. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Prostaglandin
Secondary level of protein structure
Denaturation
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
22. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Aromatic amino acids
Integrins
Hemidesmosomes
23. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Rossman fold
xtrusion
Clathrin
DNA (location)
24. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Phospholipid (composition)
First law of thermodynamics
Gram positive bacteria
xtrusion
25. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Beta glucose ring
Hydrolysis
Tight junctions
Major categories of macromolecules
26. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Anchoring junction
Desmosomes
Rossman fold
Fibronectin
27. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Spectrin
Prokaryote
Fat (composition)
Prostaglandin
28. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
DNA (location)
Peptidoglycan
ATP (composition)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
29. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Plasmodesmata
Monosaccharide
Central vacuole
Extreme halophiles
30. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Collagen
DNA (location)
Microtubules
Countertransport
31. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Nucleotide (composition)
Bacteria
32. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Steriod
Disaccharide
ATP (composition)
33. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Spectrin
Rossman fold
Anchoring junction
34. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Peptidoglycan
Motifs
ATP (composition)
35. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Flagellum
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Bacteria
Gap junction
36. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Monosaccharide
xtrusion
Primary cell wall
Quaternary level of protein structure
37. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Chitin
Flagellum
Primary level of protein structure
38. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Pinocytosis
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Miller - Urey experiment
Extreme thermophiles
39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Extreme thermophiles
Prokaryote
40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Cytoskeleton
C - H - O - N - S
Cadherin
Beta glucose ring
41. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Spectrin
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hydrolysis
Chitin
42. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Extreme thermophiles
Rossman fold
Amylose
43. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Glycogen
Cell Theory
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Desmosomes
44. Two simple sugars joined together
Fat (characteristics)
Secondary level of protein structure
Disaccharide
Collagen
45. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Prokaryote
DNA (location)
Intermediate filaments
46. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Disaccharide
First law of thermodynamics
Primary cell wall
Cytoplasm
47. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Chitin
Extreme thermophiles
Central vacuole
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
48. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Methanogens
Chitin
Extracellular matrix
Cenriole
49. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Rossman fold
Motifs
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Special function amino acids
50. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Proteoglycans
Gap junction
Rossman fold
Microtubules
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