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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






2. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






3. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






4. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






6. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






7. Adenine and Guanine






8. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






9. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






10. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






12. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






13. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






15. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






16. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






17. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






18. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






19. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






20. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






21. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






22. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






23. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






24. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






25. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






26. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






27. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






28. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






30. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






31. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






32. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






33. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






34. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






35. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






36. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






37. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






38. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






39. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






40. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






42. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






43. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






44. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






45. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






47. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






48. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






49. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






50. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM