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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between two sugar molecules






2. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






3. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






4. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






5. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






6. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






7. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






8. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






9. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






10. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






11. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






12. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






13. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






14. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






15. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






18. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






19. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






20. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






21. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






22. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






23. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






24. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






25. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






26. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






27. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






28. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






29. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






30. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






31. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






32. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






33. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






34. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






35. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






36. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






37. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






38. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






39. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






40. Components of cytoskeleton






41. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






42. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






43. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






44. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






45. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






46. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






47. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






48. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






49. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






50. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine