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MCAT Biology 3
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Phosphdiester bond
Peptidoglycan
Extracellular matrix
2. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Secondary cell wall
Amylose
Amylopectin
Differences between RNA and DNA
3. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Cyanobacteria
Amylose
Plasmodesmata
Glycerol
4. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Integrins
Keratin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Beta glucose ring
5. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Miller - Urey experiment
Amino acid (composition)
Domains
6. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Purines (identify)
Tight junctions
Steriod
Secondary cell wall
7. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Antiport
Motifs
Secondary cell wall
8. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Monosaccharide
Bacteriorhodopsin
Chaperone proteins
Primary cell wall
9. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
xtrusion
Monosaccharide
Purines (identify)
10. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Central vacuole
Purines (characteristics)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
11. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Starch
Chaperone proteins
12. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Integrins
Glycoproteins
Clathrin
Denaturation
13. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Proteoglycans
Polar uncharged amino acids
Glycogen
Plasmodesmata
14. The bond between two sugar molecules
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Prokaryote
Glycosidic bond
Antiport
15. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Alpha glucose ring
Microtubules
Amylopectin
Pinocytosis
16. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Cell Theory
5 classes of amino acids
Middle lamella
Glycerol
17. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Cenriole
Centrosome
Polar uncharged amino acids
Methanogens
18. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
5 classes of amino acids
Integrins
Hemidesmosomes
Amino acid (composition)
19. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Fat (characteristics)
Rossman fold
xtrusion
20. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
ATP (composition)
Methanogens
xtrusion
Collagen
21. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Fatty acid
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Beta glucose ring
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
22. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Primary level of protein structure
Central vacuole
Pinocytosis
Antiport
23. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Glycoproteins
Nucleotide (composition)
Phospholipid (composition)
Intermediate filaments
24. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Domains
Central vacuole
Prostaglandin
Anchoring junction
25. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Chaperone proteins
Bacteriorhodopsin
Extreme thermophiles
26. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Motifs
Proteoglycans
Kinesin
27. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Flagellum
Hypercholesterolemia
Dehydration synthesis
28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Dehydration synthesis
Gram positive bacteria
Beta glucose ring
Amino acid (composition)
29. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Kinesin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cytoplasm
Desmosomes
30. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Cytoskeleton
Glycoproteins
Gram positive bacteria
Primary level of protein structure
31. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Primary cell wall
Anchoring junction
Central vacuole
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
32. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Centrosome
Plastids
5 classes of amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
33. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Fat (composition)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Glycerol
34. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Differences between RNA and DNA
Starch
Adherins junctions
35. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Dynein
Secondary cell wall
Bacteriorhodopsin
Gram positive bacteria
36. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Cell Theory
Flagellum
Steriod
Amylopectin
37. Components of cytoskeleton
ATP (composition)
Cenriole
Cyanobacteria
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
38. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Dynein
Cenriole
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Dehydration synthesis
39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Chitin
Spectrin
Secondary level of protein structure
40. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Collagen
Secondary level of protein structure
Glycogen
41. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Adherins junctions
Middle lamella
Fat (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
42. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Disaccharide
Cellulose
Special function amino acids
Cytoskeleton
43. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
ATP (composition)
Keratin
Spectrin
Prokaryote
44. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Beta barrel
Purines (identify)
Charged amino acids
45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Methanogens
Chaperone proteins
Adherins junctions
Phospholipid (composition)
46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Extreme halophiles
Gap junction
Beta glucose ring
5 classes of amino acids
47. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Functions or proteins
Glycogen
Flagellum
48. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Amino acid (composition)
Secondary level of protein structure
49. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide (composition)
First law of thermodynamics
Proteoglycans
Gap junction
50. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Bacteriorhodopsin
Fat (composition)
Anchoring junction
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