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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






2. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






3. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






4. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






5. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






6. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






7. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






8. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






9. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






10. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






11. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






12. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






13. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






14. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






15. Two simple sugars joined together






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






18. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






19. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






20. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






21. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






22. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






23. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






24. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






25. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






26. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






27. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






28. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






29. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






30. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






31. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






32. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






33. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






34. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






35. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






36. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






37. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






38. Components of cytoskeleton






39. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






40. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






41. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






42. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






43. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






44. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






45. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






46. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






47. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






48. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






49. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






50. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).







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