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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






2. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






3. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






4. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






5. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






6. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






8. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






9. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






10. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






11. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






12. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






13. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






14. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






15. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






16. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






17. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






18. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






19. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






20. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






21. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






22. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






23. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






25. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






26. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






27. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






28. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






29. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






30. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






32. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






33. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






34. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






35. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






36. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






37. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






38. The bond between two sugar molecules






39. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






40. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






41. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






42. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






43. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






44. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






46. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






48. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






49. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






50. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.