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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






2. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






3. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






4. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






5. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






6. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






7. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






8. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






9. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






10. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






11. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






12. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






13. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






14. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






15. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






16. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






17. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






18. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






19. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






20. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






21. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






22. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






23. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






25. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






26. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






27. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






28. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






29. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






30. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






31. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






32. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






33. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






34. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






35. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






36. Adenine and Guanine






37. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






38. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






39. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






42. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






43. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






44. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






45. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






46. The bond between two sugar molecules






47. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






48. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






49. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






50. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter