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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






2. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






3. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






4. Adenine and Guanine






5. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






6. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






7. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






8. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






9. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






10. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






11. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






12. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






13. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






14. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






15. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






16. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






17. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






18. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






19. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






20. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






21. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






22. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






23. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






24. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






25. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






26. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






27. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






28. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






29. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






30. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






31. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






32. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






33. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






34. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






35. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






36. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






37. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






38. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






39. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






40. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






42. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






43. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






44. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






45. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






46. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






47. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






48. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






49. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






50. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst







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