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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Bacteria
Prostaglandin
Chaperone proteins
5 classes of amino acids
2. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Cellulose
Countertransport
Polar uncharged amino acids
3. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Fatty acid
Microtubules
xtrusion
Fat (composition)
4. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Peptidoglycan
Extreme halophiles
Chitin
Plasmodesmata
5. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Middle lamella
Proteoglycans
Keratin
Steriod
6. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Glycoproteins
Fat (composition)
Countertransport
Gram positive bacteria
7. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
C - H - O - N - S
Dynein
Extracellular matrix
Prostaglandin
8. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Starch
Motifs
Prokaryote
Denaturation
9. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Complimentary bases
Gram positive bacteria
Anchoring junction
Phosphdiester bond
10. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Antiport
Cellulose
Special function amino acids
Secondary cell wall
11. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Nucleolus
Denaturation
Polar uncharged amino acids
12. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Extreme thermophiles
Antiport
Cell Theory
13. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Cytoplasm
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Special function amino acids
Gram positive bacteria
14. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Purines (characteristics)
Amino acid (composition)
Glycogen
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Primary level of protein structure
Tertiaty level of protein structure
xtrusion
Charged amino acids
16. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Starch
Dynein
Bacteriorhodopsin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
17. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Nucleolus
Tertiaty level of protein structure
DNA (location)
Kinesin
18. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Beta barrel
Peptidoglycan
Bacteriorhodopsin
Chromosome
19. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Fatty acid
Secondary cell wall
Tight junctions
Fibronectin
20. Components of cytoskeleton
Cadherin
Glycoproteins
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Middle lamella
21. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Intermediate filaments
Primary level of protein structure
Rossman fold
Chromosome
22. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Gap junction
Cyanobacteria
Secondary level of protein structure
Central vacuole
23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Phospholipid (composition)
Gram positive bacteria
Complimentary bases
Hydrocarbons
24. Adenine and Guanine
Denaturation
Polar uncharged amino acids
Purines (identify)
Kinesin
25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Integrins
Adherins junctions
Intermediate filaments
26. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Nucleotide (composition)
Cadherin
Chromosome
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
27. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Fibronectin
First law of thermodynamics
Nucleotide (composition)
Antiport
28. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Glycogen
Nucleolus
Denaturation
Plasmodesmata
29. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Flagellum
Hydrocarbons
Antiport
Desmosomes
30. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Bacteria
Domains
31. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
Primary cell wall
Extracellular matrix
32. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Glycoproteins
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycosidic bond
33. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Intermediate filaments
Nucleolus
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cenriole
34. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Central vacuole
Primary level of protein structure
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Starch
35. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Plastids
Rossman fold
Cenriole
36. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Glycogen
Hydrocarbons
Major categories of macromolecules
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
37. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Desmosomes
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
xtrusion
38. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Countertransport
Steriod
Glycolipids
39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Special function amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Purines (characteristics)
40. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Motifs
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Prokaryote
41. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Peptide bond
Primary cell wall
Chitin
Chromosome
42. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Nonpolar amino acids
Flagellum
Plasmodesmata
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
43. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Keratin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Cyanobacteria
Secondary cell wall
44. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Dynein
Prostaglandin
Fatty acid
Steriod
45. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Glycosidic bond
Quaternary level of protein structure
Secondary cell wall
46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Aromatic amino acids
Gap junction
Domains
Extracellular matrix
47. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Functions or proteins
Countertransport
Peptidoglycan
Cell Theory
48. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
xtrusion
Collagen
Dehydration synthesis
Tight junctions
49. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Methanogens
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Gap junction
50. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Alpha glucose ring
Chitin
Collagen