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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






2. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






3. Adenine and Guanine






4. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






5. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






6. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






7. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






8. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






9. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






10. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






11. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






12. Two simple sugars joined together






13. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






14. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






15. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






16. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






17. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






18. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






19. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






20. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






21. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






22. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






23. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






24. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






25. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






26. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






27. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






28. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






29. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






30. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






31. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






32. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






33. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






34. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






35. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






36. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






37. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






38. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






39. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






40. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






41. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






42. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






43. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






44. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






45. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






46. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






47. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






48. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






50. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH