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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






2. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






3. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






4. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






5. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






6. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






7. Two simple sugars joined together






8. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






9. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






10. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






11. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






12. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






13. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






14. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






15. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






16. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






17. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






18. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






19. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






20. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






21. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






22. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






23. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






24. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






26. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






27. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






28. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






29. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






30. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






31. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






32. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






33. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






34. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






35. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






36. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






37. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






38. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






39. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






40. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






41. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






43. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






44. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






45. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






46. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






47. Components of cytoskeleton






48. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






49. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






50. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine