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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






2. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






3. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






4. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






5. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






6. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






7. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






8. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






9. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






10. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






11. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






12. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






13. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






15. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






16. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






17. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






18. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






19. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






20. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






21. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






22. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






23. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






24. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






26. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






27. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






28. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






29. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






30. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






31. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






32. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






33. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






34. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






35. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






36. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






37. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






38. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






39. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






40. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






41. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






42. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






43. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






44. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






45. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






46. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






47. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






48. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






49. Adenine and Guanine






50. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis