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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






2. Two simple sugars joined together






3. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






4. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






5. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






6. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






8. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






9. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






10. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






11. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






12. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






13. Adenine and Guanine






14. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






15. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






16. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






17. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






18. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






19. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






20. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






21. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






22. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






23. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






24. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






25. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






26. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






27. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






28. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






29. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






30. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






31. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






32. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






33. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






34. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






35. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






36. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






37. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






38. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






39. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






40. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






41. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






42. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






43. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






44. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






45. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






46. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






47. Components of cytoskeleton






48. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






49. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






50. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells