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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycogen
Differences between RNA and DNA
2. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Glycolipids
Primary cell wall
Glycogen
Rossman fold
3. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Glycogen
Denaturation
Bacteriorhodopsin
Motifs
4. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Peptide bond
C - H - O - N - S
Disaccharide
Quaternary level of protein structure
5. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Functions or proteins
Adherins junctions
Anchoring junction
Starch
6. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Hydrocarbons
Glycosidic bond
Denaturation
7. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Quaternary level of protein structure
Starch
Nonpolar amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
8. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Steriod
Aromatic amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
9. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Clathrin
Centrosome
Major categories of macromolecules
10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Motifs
Chitin
Monosaccharide
Glycogen
11. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Chitin
Disaccharide
Dehydration synthesis
Cytoskeleton
12. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Phosphdiester bond
Glycosidic bond
Primary cell wall
13. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Hypercholesterolemia
Extreme halophiles
Cell Theory
Tight junctions
14. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Purines (characteristics)
Extreme thermophiles
Major categories of macromolecules
Gram positive bacteria
15. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Cenriole
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
xtrusion
Countertransport
16. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Spectrin
Clathrin
First law of thermodynamics
Prokaryote
17. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Major categories of macromolecules
Bacteria
Amylose
18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Cytoskeleton
Beta glucose ring
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cell Theory
19. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Anchoring junction
Glycolipids
Cadherin
Methanogens
20. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Spectrin
Monosaccharide
Cell Theory
21. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Glycolipids
Plasmodesmata
Flagellum
Hemidesmosomes
22. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Extreme halophiles
Cadherin
Beta glucose ring
Collagen
23. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Charged amino acids
Collagen
Major categories of macromolecules
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
24. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Centrosome
Miller - Urey experiment
Cenriole
25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Centrosome
Fibronectin
Prokaryote
Integrins
26. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Primary cell wall
Quaternary level of protein structure
First law of thermodynamics
Intermediate filaments
27. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Extracellular matrix
Desmosomes
Chromosome
Polar uncharged amino acids
28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Rossman fold
Cell Theory
Proteoglycans
29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Gram positive bacteria
Purines (identify)
Special function amino acids
30. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Alpha glucose ring
Intermediate filaments
Nonpolar amino acids
Countertransport
31. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Prokaryote
Adherins junctions
DNA (location)
32. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Chitin
Functions or proteins
Differences between RNA and DNA
Aromatic amino acids
33. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Gram positive bacteria
Nonpolar amino acids
Central vacuole
34. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Hypercholesterolemia
Monosaccharide
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Desmosomes
35. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Steriod
Dynein
Plasmodesmata
Cytoskeleton
36. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Hydrolysis
Microtubules
Purines (identify)
Aromatic amino acids
37. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Integrins
Cell Theory
Amino acid (composition)
Bacteriorhodopsin
38. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Hydrolysis
Bacteria
Proteoglycans
Functions or proteins
39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Peptide bond
Disaccharide
Intermediate filaments
Glycerol
40. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Tight junctions
Plastids
Cyanobacteria
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
41. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Nucleolus
Amino acid (composition)
Dynein
Secondary cell wall
42. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Purines (identify)
Special function amino acids
DNA (location)
43. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Cellulose
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Secondary cell wall
44. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Cell Theory
Peptide bond
Integrins
Chromosome
45. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Differences between RNA and DNA
Alpha glucose ring
xtrusion
46. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Pinocytosis
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Extreme halophiles
Gram positive bacteria
47. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Kinesin
Gram positive bacteria
Pyrimidines (identify)
Polar uncharged amino acids
48. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
DNA (location)
Domains
xtrusion
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
49. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Nucleolus
Glycogen
Rossman fold
Fibronectin
50. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Chaperone proteins
Gap junction
Glycosidic bond
Cell Theory