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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Glycoproteins
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Spectrin
xtrusion
2. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Differences between RNA and DNA
Prokaryote
Alpha glucose ring
Tight junctions
3. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Rossman fold
Cellulose
Countertransport
4. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Amylopectin
Tight junctions
Purines (identify)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
5. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Cytoskeleton
Hydrolysis
C - H - O - N - S
Pyrimidines (identify)
6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Integrins
Chromosome
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Bacteria
7. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Glycolipids
Hydrocarbons
Anchoring junction
Centrosome
8. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Methanogens
Microtubules
Anchoring junction
9. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Peptidoglycan
Fat (composition)
Chromosome
Dehydration synthesis
10. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Hemidesmosomes
Chaperone proteins
Pinocytosis
Proteoglycans
11. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Peptidoglycan
Extreme thermophiles
Flagellum
12. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Nonpolar amino acids
Anchoring junction
Polar uncharged amino acids
Glycosidic bond
13. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Phosphdiester bond
Extreme halophiles
Proteoglycans
Glycerol
14. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Beta barrel
Dynein
Tight junctions
15. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Extracellular matrix
Pyrimidines (identify)
Chromosome
Nucleotide (composition)
16. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Antiport
Integrins
Kinesin
Glycogen
17. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Special function amino acids
Charged amino acids
Domains
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
18. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Kinesin
Desmosomes
Keratin
DNA (location)
19. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Starch
Hydrocarbons
Beta glucose ring
Integrins
20. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Amylopectin
Plastids
Prokaryote
ATP (composition)
21. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Middle lamella
Glycogen
Antiport
Amino acid (composition)
22. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Motifs
Purines (identify)
Prostaglandin
Steriod
23. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Rossman fold
Functions or proteins
Clathrin
Miller - Urey experiment
24. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Collagen
Intermediate filaments
Polar uncharged amino acids
Peptide bond
25. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
First law of thermodynamics
Phosphdiester bond
Anchoring junction
Plasmodesmata
26. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Cenriole
First law of thermodynamics
Desmosomes
Countertransport
27. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Motifs
Intermediate filaments
Cenriole
Domains
28. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Cell Theory
Purines (characteristics)
Fat (characteristics)
Centrosome
29. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Peptide bond
Central vacuole
Hydrolysis
Clathrin
30. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Chitin
Monosaccharide
Phospholipid (composition)
Complimentary bases
31. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Complimentary bases
First law of thermodynamics
DNA (location)
Aromatic amino acids
32. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Monosaccharide
Functions or proteins
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
33. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
First law of thermodynamics
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Glycerol
34. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Adherins junctions
Fibronectin
35. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
Pinocytosis
Domains
Bacteriorhodopsin
36. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Cyanobacteria
37. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Dehydration synthesis
Glycerol
Polar uncharged amino acids
Extracellular matrix
38. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Proteoglycans
Beta barrel
Glycoproteins
Nucleotide (composition)
39. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Chaperone proteins
Nucleotide (composition)
Nucleolus
Aromatic amino acids
40. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
C - H - O - N - S
Prokaryote
Major categories of macromolecules
Chaperone proteins
41. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Prostaglandin
Beta glucose ring
Secondary level of protein structure
Cytoskeleton
42. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Monosaccharide
Motifs
Extreme halophiles
Chaperone proteins
43. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Alpha glucose ring
Keratin
Aromatic amino acids
Nucleolus
44. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Clathrin
Special function amino acids
Prostaglandin
Pyrimidines (identify)
45. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Starch
Fibronectin
Adherins junctions
Nonpolar amino acids
46. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Pinocytosis
Glycolipids
Collagen
Disaccharide
47. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Glycosidic bond
Dynein
Charged amino acids
48. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Phosphdiester bond
Gap junction
Archaebacteria
Hypercholesterolemia
49. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Glycoproteins
Secondary cell wall
Bacteriorhodopsin
Plastids
50. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Motifs
Dynein
Collagen
Flagellum
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