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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Hypercholesterolemia
Middle lamella
Nucleolus
Fat (characteristics)
2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Phosphdiester bond
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Nucleotide (composition)
Motifs
3. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Gram positive bacteria
Beta barrel
Starch
Peptidoglycan
4. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Nonpolar amino acids
Denaturation
Extreme thermophiles
5. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Glycogen
Extreme halophiles
Amino acid (composition)
Cenriole
6. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Spectrin
Cytoskeleton
Fibronectin
7. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hemidesmosomes
Extreme thermophiles
Pinocytosis
8. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Cadherin
Cenriole
Chitin
Peptidoglycan
9. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Antiport
Pinocytosis
Beta barrel
Archaebacteria
10. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Keratin
Pyrimidines (identify)
11. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Major categories of macromolecules
Denaturation
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Differences between RNA and DNA
12. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Clathrin
Differences between RNA and DNA
13. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Bacteriorhodopsin
5 classes of amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Nonpolar amino acids
14. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Prostaglandin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Clathrin
Domains
15. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Domains
Bacteria
Beta barrel
Glycogen
16. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
5 classes of amino acids
Chromosome
Methanogens
Polar uncharged amino acids
17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Nucleolus
Quaternary level of protein structure
Purines (characteristics)
18. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Beta barrel
Extreme halophiles
Polar uncharged amino acids
19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Quaternary level of protein structure
Denaturation
Differences between RNA and DNA
Amylose
20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
xtrusion
Amylopectin
Bacteria
21. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Gram positive bacteria
xtrusion
Cell Theory
Extreme thermophiles
22. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Prostaglandin
Centrosome
DNA (location)
Steriod
23. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Motifs
Cadherin
Chromosome
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
24. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Amylose
Chitin
Methanogens
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
25. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Secondary cell wall
Fibronectin
Extracellular matrix
DNA (location)
26. The bond between two sugar molecules
Primary cell wall
Glycosidic bond
Prokaryote
Keratin
27. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Middle lamella
Glycoproteins
Hemidesmosomes
28. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Peptidoglycan
Aromatic amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Purines (characteristics)
29. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Denaturation
Cyanobacteria
Dehydration synthesis
30. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Cytoplasm
5 classes of amino acids
Glycolipids
31. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Differences between RNA and DNA
Monosaccharide
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Flagellum
32. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Charged amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Primary level of protein structure
Keratin
33. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Cytoskeleton
Purines (characteristics)
Collagen
Kinesin
34. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Polar uncharged amino acids
Secondary cell wall
Chaperone proteins
Cell Theory
35. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Secondary cell wall
Alpha glucose ring
Countertransport
Phosphdiester bond
36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Pinocytosis
Phospholipid (composition)
Integrins
Extreme halophiles
37. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Fibronectin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Denaturation
Glycosidic bond
38. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Collagen
Gram positive bacteria
Peptide bond
Intermediate filaments
39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Functions or proteins
Quaternary level of protein structure
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Purines (characteristics)
40. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrocarbons
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Secondary level of protein structure
41. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Tight junctions
Peptide bond
Cytoplasm
Integrins
42. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Amylopectin
Gram positive bacteria
Methanogens
Cytoskeleton
43. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Purines (characteristics)
Prokaryote
Secondary level of protein structure
Miller - Urey experiment
44. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Cadherin
Aromatic amino acids
Glycolipids
45. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Nucleotide (composition)
Kinesin
Alpha glucose ring
Functions or proteins
46. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Bacteria
Cytoplasm
Hypercholesterolemia
Proteoglycans
47. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Secondary cell wall
Aromatic amino acids
Antiport
48. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Miller - Urey experiment
Monosaccharide
Dynein
Chaperone proteins
49. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Tight junctions
Fatty acid
Peptidoglycan
50. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Cenriole
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Cytoskeleton
Peptidoglycan