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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






2. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






3. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






4. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






5. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






7. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






8. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






9. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






10. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






11. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






12. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






13. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






14. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






15. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






17. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






18. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






19. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






20. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






21. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






22. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






23. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






24. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






25. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






26. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






27. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






28. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






29. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






30. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






31. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






32. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






33. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






34. Adenine and Guanine






35. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






36. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






37. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






38. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






41. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






42. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






43. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






44. Two simple sugars joined together






45. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






46. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






47. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






48. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






49. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






50. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement







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