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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






2. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






3. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






4. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






6. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






7. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






8. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






9. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






10. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






12. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






13. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






14. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






15. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






16. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






17. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






18. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






19. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






20. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






21. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






22. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






23. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






24. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






25. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






26. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






27. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






28. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






29. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






30. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






31. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






32. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






33. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






34. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






36. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






37. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






38. Adenine and Guanine






39. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






40. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






41. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






42. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






43. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






44. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






45. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






46. Two simple sugars joined together






47. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






49. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






50. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)