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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






2. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






3. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






4. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






5. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






6. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






7. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






8. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






9. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






10. Two simple sugars joined together






11. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






12. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






13. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






14. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






15. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






16. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






17. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






18. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






19. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






20. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






21. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






22. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






23. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






24. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






25. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






26. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






27. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






28. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






29. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






30. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






31. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






32. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






33. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






34. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






36. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






37. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






38. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






39. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






40. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






41. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






42. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






43. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






44. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






45. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






46. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






47. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






48. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






49. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group