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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






3. Two simple sugars joined together






4. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






5. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






6. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






7. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






8. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






9. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






10. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






12. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






13. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






14. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






15. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






16. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






17. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






18. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






19. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






20. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






21. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






22. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






23. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






24. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






25. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






26. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






27. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






28. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






30. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






31. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






32. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






33. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






34. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






35. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






36. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






37. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






38. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






39. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






40. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






41. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






42. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






43. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






44. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






45. Components of cytoskeleton






46. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






47. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






48. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






49. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






50. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior







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