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MCAT Biology 3
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Cell Theory
Intermediate filaments
Pinocytosis
Secondary level of protein structure
2. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Desmosomes
Fat (characteristics)
Kinesin
3. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Chitin
Proteoglycans
Quaternary level of protein structure
Polar uncharged amino acids
4. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Polar uncharged amino acids
Bacteriorhodopsin
Gram positive bacteria
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
5. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Beta barrel
Chromosome
xtrusion
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
6. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Cytoplasm
Anchoring junction
Keratin
Pinocytosis
7. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Fibronectin
Primary level of protein structure
Aromatic amino acids
8. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Antiport
Anchoring junction
First law of thermodynamics
xtrusion
9. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Dehydration synthesis
5 classes of amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
Primary cell wall
10. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
First law of thermodynamics
C - H - O - N - S
Secondary level of protein structure
11. Two simple sugars joined together
Cellulose
Purines (characteristics)
Disaccharide
Dynein
12. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Primary level of protein structure
Amylopectin
Flagellum
Primary cell wall
13. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
Prokaryote
Peptide bond
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
14. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Clathrin
Nucleolus
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
15. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
xtrusion
Alpha glucose ring
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
16. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Purines (identify)
Denaturation
Proteoglycans
Tertiaty level of protein structure
17. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Hemidesmosomes
Peptidoglycan
Functions or proteins
Centrosome
18. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Methanogens
Aromatic amino acids
Cytoskeleton
19. Components of cytoskeleton
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Central vacuole
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Dynein
20. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
First law of thermodynamics
Alpha glucose ring
Secondary cell wall
21. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Denaturation
Amylopectin
Antiport
Peptide bond
22. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Bacteriorhodopsin
Keratin
Amino acid (composition)
Central vacuole
23. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Special function amino acids
Integrins
Intermediate filaments
Amino acid (composition)
24. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Glycosidic bond
Complimentary bases
Cadherin
Aromatic amino acids
25. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Major categories of macromolecules
Fibronectin
Microtubules
Cellulose
26. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Nucleotide (composition)
Microtubules
Archaebacteria
27. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Glycoproteins
Nucleolus
Special function amino acids
Motifs
28. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Glycerol
Cell Theory
Central vacuole
29. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Gram positive bacteria
xtrusion
Secondary cell wall
Beta barrel
30. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Dynein
ATP (composition)
Prokaryote
Adherins junctions
31. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Amylopectin
Fat (characteristics)
Archaebacteria
ATP (composition)
32. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
C - H - O - N - S
Motifs
Peptidoglycan
Charged amino acids
33. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Primary level of protein structure
Cadherin
Domains
Chaperone proteins
34. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Central vacuole
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Proteoglycans
Cytoplasm
35. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
DNA (location)
Motifs
Steriod
Cenriole
36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide (composition)
Microtubules
Amino acid (composition)
Gram positive bacteria
37. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
ATP (composition)
Chitin
Motifs
xtrusion
38. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Secondary level of protein structure
Chaperone proteins
Amylopectin
Collagen
39. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Peptidoglycan
Cytoskeleton
Secondary level of protein structure
40. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Cytoskeleton
Prostaglandin
Integrins
Major categories of macromolecules
41. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Chaperone proteins
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Alpha glucose ring
42. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Pinocytosis
Hydrolysis
Aromatic amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
43. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Countertransport
Secondary cell wall
Antiport
Glycosidic bond
44. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Hydrocarbons
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
45. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Miller - Urey experiment
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Starch
Phospholipid (composition)
46. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Fat (characteristics)
Hydrolysis
Steriod
47. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Intermediate filaments
Disaccharide
Dehydration synthesis
48. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Motifs
Glycoproteins
Cell Theory
Fat (characteristics)
49. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Secondary level of protein structure
Disaccharide
Purines (characteristics)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
50. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Flagellum
Centrosome
Amino acid (composition)
Peptide bond
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