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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






2. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






3. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






4. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






5. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






6. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






7. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






8. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






9. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






10. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






11. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






12. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






13. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






14. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






15. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






16. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






17. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






18. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






19. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






20. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






21. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






22. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






23. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






24. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






25. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






26. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






27. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






28. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






30. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






31. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






32. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






33. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






34. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






35. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






36. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






37. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






38. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






39. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






40. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






41. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






42. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






43. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






44. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






45. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






46. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






47. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






48. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






49. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






50. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.