Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






2. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






3. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






4. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






5. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






6. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






7. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






9. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






10. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






11. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






12. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






13. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






14. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






15. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






16. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






17. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






18. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






19. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






20. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






21. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






22. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






23. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






24. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






27. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






29. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






30. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






31. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






32. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






33. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






34. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






35. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






36. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






37. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






38. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






39. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






40. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






41. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






42. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






43. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






44. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






45. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






46. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






47. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






48. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






49. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






50. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton