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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Quaternary level of protein structure
Antiport
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
2. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Glycoproteins
Countertransport
Gram positive bacteria
Dynein
3. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cyanobacteria
Cadherin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
4. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Nucleolus
Complimentary bases
Fibronectin
Amylopectin
5. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Clathrin
Bacteria
Chaperone proteins
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
6. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
xtrusion
Differences between RNA and DNA
Secondary level of protein structure
Hemidesmosomes
7. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Glycogen
Rossman fold
Hydrolysis
Disaccharide
8. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Extracellular matrix
Differences between RNA and DNA
9. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Dynein
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Middle lamella
10. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Denaturation
Quaternary level of protein structure
Charged amino acids
Functions or proteins
11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
xtrusion
Chitin
Alpha glucose ring
Amino acid (composition)
12. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Spectrin
Peptide bond
Major categories of macromolecules
13. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Charged amino acids
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
14. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Secondary level of protein structure
Phosphdiester bond
Cenriole
Kinesin
15. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Purines (characteristics)
Amylopectin
Glycolipids
Bacteriorhodopsin
16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Amylose
Tight junctions
Steriod
First law of thermodynamics
17. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Nucleotide (composition)
Plasmodesmata
DNA (location)
Phospholipid (composition)
18. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Hemidesmosomes
Beta glucose ring
5 classes of amino acids
Steriod
19. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Cyanobacteria
Middle lamella
Phosphdiester bond
Microtubules
20. The bond between two sugar molecules
Complimentary bases
Polar uncharged amino acids
Glycosidic bond
Desmosomes
21. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Secondary level of protein structure
Chromosome
Starch
22. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Cadherin
Secondary level of protein structure
Peptidoglycan
Beta glucose ring
23. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Peptidoglycan
Dynein
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
24. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Anchoring junction
Dynein
ATP (composition)
25. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Bacteriorhodopsin
Quaternary level of protein structure
Phospholipid (composition)
Glycogen
26. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Desmosomes
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
27. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Fat (composition)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Centrosome
Cyanobacteria
28. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Phosphdiester bond
Spectrin
Functions or proteins
Tight junctions
29. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Phospholipid (composition)
Archaebacteria
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Keratin
30. Components of cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Centrosome
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
31. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Secondary cell wall
Disaccharide
Hypercholesterolemia
32. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Microtubules
Gap junction
Amino acid (composition)
Countertransport
33. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Microtubules
Primary level of protein structure
Miller - Urey experiment
34. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Fat (characteristics)
Proteoglycans
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Pyrimidines (identify)
35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Dehydration synthesis
First law of thermodynamics
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Amino acid (composition)
36. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Chaperone proteins
DNA (location)
Fatty acid
37. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Centrosome
Intermediate filaments
Functions or proteins
Nonpolar amino acids
38. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Centrosome
xtrusion
Methanogens
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
39. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Complimentary bases
Clathrin
Aromatic amino acids
Special function amino acids
40. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Fat (characteristics)
Extreme thermophiles
Proteoglycans
Hemidesmosomes
41. Two simple sugars joined together
Intermediate filaments
Disaccharide
Beta glucose ring
Extreme thermophiles
42. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Glycosidic bond
Fat (characteristics)
Tight junctions
Central vacuole
43. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Bacteriorhodopsin
Bacteria
Cytoplasm
Purines (identify)
44. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Starch
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Adherins junctions
Flagellum
45. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Cell Theory
Cadherin
Cenriole
46. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Cenriole
Charged amino acids
ATP (composition)
47. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hydrolysis
Hemidesmosomes
Alpha glucose ring
Proteoglycans
48. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Domains
Dehydration synthesis
Anchoring junction
Primary level of protein structure
49. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Gap junction
Steriod
Monosaccharide
Integrins
50. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Bacteriorhodopsin
Glycerol
Dehydration synthesis
Antiport
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