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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Peptide bond
Intermediate filaments
Clathrin
Secondary cell wall
2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Prokaryote
Kinesin
Special function amino acids
Hypercholesterolemia
3. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Extracellular matrix
Domains
Disaccharide
Spectrin
4. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Clathrin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Glycolipids
5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Gram positive bacteria
Intermediate filaments
Glycolipids
6. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Miller - Urey experiment
Fat (composition)
Archaebacteria
C - H - O - N - S
7. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Chromosome
Purines (identify)
Desmosomes
8. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Denaturation
DNA (location)
Centrosome
9. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Middle lamella
Primary level of protein structure
Proteoglycans
Adherins junctions
10. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
First law of thermodynamics
Motifs
Miller - Urey experiment
11. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Fibronectin
Quaternary level of protein structure
Integrins
Extreme halophiles
12. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Prokaryote
Monosaccharide
Peptide bond
Hydrocarbons
13. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Clathrin
Cytoskeleton
Purines (characteristics)
Bacteria
14. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Charged amino acids
Anchoring junction
Antiport
Glycolipids
15. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Miller - Urey experiment
Nucleotide (composition)
Nonpolar amino acids
Desmosomes
16. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Purines (identify)
Anchoring junction
Quaternary level of protein structure
17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Glycogen
Intermediate filaments
Collagen
Nucleolus
18. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Alpha glucose ring
Extreme halophiles
Cyanobacteria
Fat (composition)
19. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Nucleolus
Aromatic amino acids
Chitin
Secondary level of protein structure
20. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Glycosidic bond
Pinocytosis
ATP (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
21. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Intermediate filaments
Extreme thermophiles
5 classes of amino acids
Pyrimidines (identify)
22. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
ATP (composition)
Cenriole
Polar uncharged amino acids
23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Collagen
Clathrin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Complimentary bases
24. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Extracellular matrix
Quaternary level of protein structure
Extreme halophiles
25. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
DNA (location)
Gap junction
Clathrin
First law of thermodynamics
26. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Phosphdiester bond
Chitin
Prostaglandin
27. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Cellulose
Glycosidic bond
Flagellum
Beta glucose ring
28. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Gap junction
Dynein
Purines (identify)
29. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Kinesin
Fat (characteristics)
Middle lamella
Glycosidic bond
30. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Dynein
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Functions or proteins
31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Primary level of protein structure
Fat (composition)
DNA (location)
Methanogens
32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Dehydration synthesis
Differences between RNA and DNA
Quaternary level of protein structure
33. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
DNA (location)
Bacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Differences between RNA and DNA
34. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hydrolysis
Clathrin
xtrusion
35. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
xtrusion
Functions or proteins
Polar uncharged amino acids
Adherins junctions
36. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Phosphdiester bond
Glycolipids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
37. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Glycolipids
Nucleolus
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
38. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Cadherin
Cytoplasm
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Bacteriorhodopsin
39. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Nucleolus
Central vacuole
Hydrocarbons
Prokaryote
40. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Amylose
Fat (composition)
Denaturation
41. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Peptide bond
Collagen
Amino acid (composition)
Gap junction
42. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
DNA (location)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Archaebacteria
Purines (characteristics)
43. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Functions or proteins
Clathrin
Beta barrel
Antiport
44. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Differences between RNA and DNA
Dynein
Secondary cell wall
Proteoglycans
45. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Nucleolus
Monosaccharide
Antiport
Fat (characteristics)
46. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Fatty acid
Nonpolar amino acids
Nucleolus
47. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Centrosome
Steriod
Charged amino acids
Disaccharide
48. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Gap junction
Hydrocarbons
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Plastids
49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
First law of thermodynamics
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Extracellular matrix
50. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Starch
Charged amino acids
Nucleotide (composition)
Chitin