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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






2. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






3. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






4. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






5. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






6. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






7. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






8. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






9. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






10. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






11. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






12. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






13. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






14. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






15. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






16. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






17. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






18. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






21. Adenine and Guanine






22. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






23. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






24. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






25. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






26. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






27. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






28. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






30. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






31. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






32. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






33. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






34. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






35. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






36. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






37. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






38. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






40. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






41. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






42. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






43. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






44. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






45. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






46. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






48. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






49. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






50. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell