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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






2. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






3. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






4. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






5. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






6. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






7. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






8. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






9. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






10. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






11. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






12. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






13. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






14. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






15. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






16. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






17. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






18. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






19. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






20. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






21. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






22. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






23. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






24. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






25. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






26. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






27. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






28. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






29. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






30. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






31. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






32. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






33. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






34. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






35. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






36. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






37. Components of cytoskeleton






38. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






39. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






40. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






41. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






42. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






43. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






44. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






45. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






46. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






47. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






48. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






49. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






50. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production