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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






3. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






4. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






5. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






6. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






7. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






8. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






9. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






11. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






12. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






13. Adenine and Guanine






14. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






15. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






16. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






17. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






18. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






19. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






20. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






21. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






22. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






23. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






24. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






25. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






26. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






27. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






28. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






29. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






30. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






31. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






32. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






33. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






34. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






35. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






36. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






37. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






38. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






39. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






40. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






41. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






42. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






43. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






44. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






45. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






46. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






47. Components of cytoskeleton






48. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






49. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






50. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.