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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






2. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






3. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






4. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






5. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






6. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






7. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






8. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






9. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






10. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






12. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






13. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






14. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






15. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






17. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






18. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






19. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






20. The bond between two sugar molecules






21. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






22. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






23. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






24. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






25. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






26. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






27. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






28. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






29. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






30. Components of cytoskeleton






31. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






32. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






33. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






34. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






36. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






37. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






38. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






39. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






40. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






41. Two simple sugars joined together






42. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






43. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






44. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






45. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






46. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






47. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






48. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






49. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






50. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out







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