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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






2. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






3. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






4. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






5. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






7. Two simple sugars joined together






8. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






9. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






10. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






11. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






12. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






13. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






14. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






15. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






19. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






20. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






21. Components of cytoskeleton






22. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






23. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






24. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






25. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






26. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






27. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






28. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






29. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






30. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






32. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






33. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






34. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






35. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






36. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






37. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






38. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






39. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






40. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






41. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






42. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






43. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






44. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






45. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






46. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






47. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






48. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






49. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






50. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls