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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






2. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






4. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






5. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






6. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






7. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






8. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






9. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






10. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






11. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






12. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






13. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






14. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






15. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






16. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






17. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






18. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






19. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






20. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






21. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






22. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






23. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






24. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






25. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






26. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






27. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






28. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






29. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






30. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






32. Two simple sugars joined together






33. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






34. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






35. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






36. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






37. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






38. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






39. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






42. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






43. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






44. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






45. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






46. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






47. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






48. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






49. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






50. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement