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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






2. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






3. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






4. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






5. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






6. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






7. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






8. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






9. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






10. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






11. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






12. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






13. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






14. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






15. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






16. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






19. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






20. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






21. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






22. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






23. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






24. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






25. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






26. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






27. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






28. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






30. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






31. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






32. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






33. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






34. Adenine and Guanine






35. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






37. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






38. The bond between two sugar molecules






39. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






40. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






41. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






42. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






43. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






44. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






45. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






46. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






47. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






48. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






49. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






50. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.