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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






2. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






3. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






4. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






5. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






6. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






7. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






8. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






10. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






11. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






12. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






13. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






14. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






15. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






18. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






19. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






20. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






21. Components of cytoskeleton






22. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






23. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






25. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






26. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






27. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






28. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






29. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






30. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






31. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






32. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






33. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






34. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






35. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






36. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






37. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






38. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






39. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






40. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






41. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






42. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






43. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






44. The bond between two sugar molecules






45. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






46. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






48. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






49. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






50. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group