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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






2. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






3. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






4. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






6. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






7. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






9. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






10. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






11. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






12. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






13. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






14. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






15. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






16. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






17. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






19. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






20. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






21. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






22. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






23. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






24. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






25. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






26. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






27. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






28. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






29. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






30. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






32. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






33. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






34. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






35. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






36. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






37. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






38. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






39. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






42. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






43. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






44. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






46. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






47. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






48. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






49. Adenine and Guanine






50. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)