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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






2. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






3. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






4. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






5. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






6. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






7. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






8. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






9. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






10. Components of cytoskeleton






11. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






12. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






13. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






15. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






16. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






17. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






18. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






19. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






20. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






21. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






22. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






23. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






24. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






25. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






26. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






27. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






28. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






29. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






30. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






31. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






32. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






33. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






34. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






36. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






37. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






38. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






39. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






40. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






41. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






42. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






43. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






44. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






46. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






47. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






48. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






49. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






50. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein