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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Collagen
Hydrocarbons
Special function amino acids
Gap junction
2. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Flagellum
Cyanobacteria
Alpha glucose ring
3. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Aromatic amino acids
Monosaccharide
Cytoskeleton
Phospholipid (composition)
4. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Phosphdiester bond
Polar uncharged amino acids
Integrins
Centrosome
5. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
ATP (composition)
First law of thermodynamics
Aromatic amino acids
Amylose
6. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Primary cell wall
Glycoproteins
Gram positive bacteria
Alpha glucose ring
7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Collagen
Hypercholesterolemia
Cadherin
Secondary level of protein structure
8. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Keratin
Hemidesmosomes
Cytoskeleton
Fat (characteristics)
9. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Pyrimidines (identify)
Desmosomes
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
10. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Cadherin
Gram positive bacteria
Motifs
Complimentary bases
11. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Central vacuole
Functions or proteins
Microtubules
Secondary level of protein structure
12. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Fibronectin
Primary level of protein structure
Dynein
Glycerol
13. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Dehydration synthesis
Glycolipids
Pyrimidines (identify)
Glycosidic bond
14. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Prostaglandin
Aromatic amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Extreme halophiles
15. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Complimentary bases
Middle lamella
Clathrin
Hemidesmosomes
16. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Keratin
Gap junction
Polar uncharged amino acids
Extreme halophiles
17. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Hydrocarbons
Countertransport
Bacteriorhodopsin
Domains
18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Dehydration synthesis
Primary cell wall
Beta glucose ring
Pinocytosis
19. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Monosaccharide
xtrusion
Chaperone proteins
Prostaglandin
20. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Rossman fold
Miller - Urey experiment
Extreme thermophiles
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
21. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Differences between RNA and DNA
Proteoglycans
Centrosome
Tight junctions
22. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Prostaglandin
Gap junction
5 classes of amino acids
23. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Fatty acid
Dynein
Hydrolysis
Archaebacteria
24. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Complimentary bases
5 classes of amino acids
Glycosidic bond
25. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Fatty acid
Proteoglycans
Spectrin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
26. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Purines (identify)
Desmosomes
27. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Alpha glucose ring
xtrusion
Monosaccharide
28. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Cytoskeleton
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Quaternary level of protein structure
Bacteriorhodopsin
29. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Chitin
Microtubules
Nucleotide (composition)
Steriod
30. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Secondary level of protein structure
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Primary level of protein structure
31. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Gap junction
Special function amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
Integrins
32. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Monosaccharide
Spectrin
Plasmodesmata
Middle lamella
33. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Extreme halophiles
Integrins
34. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Hydrocarbons
Major categories of macromolecules
Amylopectin
Amino acid (composition)
35. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Secondary level of protein structure
Primary level of protein structure
DNA (location)
Gap junction
36. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Secondary level of protein structure
Fat (composition)
Miller - Urey experiment
37. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Phosphdiester bond
Centrosome
Alpha glucose ring
Plastids
38. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Nucleolus
Chaperone proteins
Cenriole
39. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Extracellular matrix
Fibronectin
Glycoproteins
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
40. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Beta barrel
Fatty acid
Monosaccharide
Gram positive bacteria
41. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycogen
Centrosome
Cytoskeleton
42. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Cytoplasm
C - H - O - N - S
Polar uncharged amino acids
43. Adenine and Guanine
Primary level of protein structure
Nonpolar amino acids
Spectrin
Purines (identify)
44. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Prostaglandin
Cyanobacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
45. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Phospholipid (composition)
Plastids
Denaturation
46. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Nucleolus
Tertiaty level of protein structure
47. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Centrosome
Amylopectin
Central vacuole
Fibronectin
48. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Hypercholesterolemia
Extreme thermophiles
Intermediate filaments
Secondary cell wall
49. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Nucleolus
Primary level of protein structure
Gap junction
50. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Dehydration synthesis
Nucleotide (composition)
Starch
Gram positive bacteria