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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






2. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






3. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






4. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






5. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






6. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






7. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






8. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






9. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






10. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






11. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






12. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






13. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






14. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






15. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






16. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






17. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






18. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






19. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






20. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






21. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






22. The bond between two sugar molecules






23. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






24. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






25. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






26. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






27. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






28. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






29. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






30. Adenine and Guanine






31. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






32. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






33. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






34. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






35. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






36. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






37. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






38. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






39. Two simple sugars joined together






40. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






41. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






42. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






43. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






44. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






45. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






48. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






49. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






50. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures