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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
5 classes of amino acids
Primary level of protein structure
Nucleolus
Purines (characteristics)
2. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Nucleolus
Monosaccharide
Cadherin
Miller - Urey experiment
3. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Cellulose
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Phosphdiester bond
Beta barrel
4. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Flagellum
Differences between RNA and DNA
ATP (composition)
Chaperone proteins
5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Centrosome
Glycogen
Gap junction
Fat (composition)
6. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Tight junctions
Rossman fold
Cell Theory
Hydrocarbons
7. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Polar uncharged amino acids
First law of thermodynamics
Amylose
Cell Theory
8. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Extreme halophiles
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hydrolysis
Domains
9. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Hypercholesterolemia
Cenriole
Differences between RNA and DNA
Fat (composition)
10. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Central vacuole
Proteoglycans
Extracellular matrix
Cyanobacteria
11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Purines (characteristics)
Alpha glucose ring
Countertransport
Gram positive bacteria
12. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Amylopectin
Centrosome
Hypercholesterolemia
Starch
13. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Rossman fold
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
14. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Secondary level of protein structure
Nucleotide (composition)
Functions or proteins
Fat (characteristics)
15. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Glycerol
Gram positive bacteria
C - H - O - N - S
Hemidesmosomes
16. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Domains
Nonpolar amino acids
Adherins junctions
17. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Keratin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hemidesmosomes
Pinocytosis
18. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
5 classes of amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Extracellular matrix
Glycogen
19. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Intermediate filaments
Central vacuole
Countertransport
Amino acid (composition)
20. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Purines (characteristics)
Chromosome
Proteoglycans
Miller - Urey experiment
21. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Motifs
Prokaryote
Flagellum
Beta glucose ring
22. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Chaperone proteins
Hydrocarbons
Extracellular matrix
Integrins
23. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
Cytoplasm
Antiport
Fibronectin
24. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Alpha glucose ring
Prostaglandin
Primary level of protein structure
Amylopectin
25. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
C - H - O - N - S
Gram positive bacteria
Pinocytosis
Cytoplasm
26. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Amylopectin
Aromatic amino acids
Cytoplasm
Gap junction
27. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Prostaglandin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Domains
Fat (composition)
28. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Central vacuole
Miller - Urey experiment
Cyanobacteria
Differences between RNA and DNA
29. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Keratin
Glycolipids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Complimentary bases
30. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
ATP (composition)
Microtubules
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cytoskeleton
31. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Beta glucose ring
Extreme halophiles
Countertransport
Primary level of protein structure
32. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Fat (composition)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Primary cell wall
33. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Prostaglandin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Cytoskeleton
Middle lamella
34. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
First law of thermodynamics
Denaturation
5 classes of amino acids
Archaebacteria
35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Chromosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
Nucleotide (composition)
36. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Extracellular matrix
Secondary level of protein structure
Microtubules
Amino acid (composition)
37. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Keratin
C - H - O - N - S
Prokaryote
Aromatic amino acids
38. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Beta barrel
Keratin
C - H - O - N - S
39. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Alpha glucose ring
Peptide bond
40. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Central vacuole
Nucleotide (composition)
Peptide bond
Fat (composition)
41. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Integrins
Purines (identify)
Fibronectin
Alpha glucose ring
42. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Cellulose
Gap junction
Major categories of macromolecules
Amino acid (composition)
43. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Plastids
Cytoplasm
DNA (location)
44. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Polar uncharged amino acids
Keratin
Charged amino acids
45. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Extracellular matrix
Glycerol
xtrusion
Antiport
46. Two simple sugars joined together
DNA (location)
Glycogen
Hydrolysis
Disaccharide
47. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Primary cell wall
Spectrin
Fatty acid
48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Phosphdiester bond
Glycoproteins
Prokaryote
Integrins
49. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Nucleotide (composition)
Phospholipid (composition)
Plasmodesmata
Nonpolar amino acids
50. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Alpha glucose ring
Domains
5 classes of amino acids
Adherins junctions