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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






2. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






3. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






4. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






5. Two simple sugars joined together






6. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






7. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






8. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






9. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






10. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






11. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






12. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






13. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






15. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






16. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






17. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






18. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






19. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






20. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






21. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






22. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






23. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






24. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






25. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






26. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






27. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






28. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






29. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






30. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






31. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






32. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






33. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






34. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






35. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






36. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






37. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






38. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






39. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






40. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






41. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






42. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






43. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






44. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






45. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






46. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






47. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






48. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






49. Adenine and Guanine






50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution