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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






2. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






3. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






4. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






5. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






6. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






7. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






8. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






9. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






10. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






11. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






12. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






13. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






14. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






15. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






16. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






17. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






18. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






19. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






20. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






21. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






22. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






23. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






24. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






25. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






26. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






27. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






28. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






29. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






30. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






31. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






32. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






33. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






34. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






35. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






36. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






37. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






38. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






39. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






40. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






41. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






42. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






45. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






46. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






47. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






48. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






49. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells