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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






2. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






3. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






4. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






5. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






6. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






7. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






9. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






10. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






11. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






12. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






13. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






14. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






15. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






16. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






17. Adenine and Guanine






18. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






19. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






20. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






21. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






22. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






23. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






24. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






25. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






26. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






27. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






28. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






29. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






30. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






31. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






32. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






34. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






35. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






36. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






37. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






38. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






39. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






40. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






41. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






42. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






43. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






44. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






45. The bond between two sugar molecules






46. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






47. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






48. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






49. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






50. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction







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