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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






2. Components of cytoskeleton






3. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






4. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






5. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






6. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






7. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






8. The bond between two sugar molecules






9. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






10. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






11. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






12. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






13. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






14. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






15. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






16. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






17. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






18. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






19. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






20. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






21. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






22. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






23. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






24. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






25. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






27. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






28. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






29. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






30. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






31. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






33. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






34. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






35. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






36. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






37. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






38. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






39. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






40. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






41. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






42. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






43. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






44. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






45. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






46. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






47. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






48. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






49. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution