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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






2. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






3. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






4. Adenine and Guanine






5. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






6. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






7. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






8. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






9. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






10. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






11. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






12. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






13. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






14. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






15. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






16. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






17. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






18. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






19. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






20. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






21. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






22. The bond between two sugar molecules






23. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






24. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






25. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






26. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






27. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






28. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






29. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






30. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






31. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






32. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






33. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






34. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






35. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






36. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






38. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






39. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






40. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






41. Two simple sugars joined together






42. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






43. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






44. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






45. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






46. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






47. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






48. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






49. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






50. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out