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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






2. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






3. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






4. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






5. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






6. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






7. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






8. Two simple sugars joined together






9. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






10. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






11. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






12. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






13. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






14. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






15. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






18. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






19. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






20. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






21. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






22. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






24. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






25. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






26. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






27. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






28. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






29. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






30. Adenine and Guanine






31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






32. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






33. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






34. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






35. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






36. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






37. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






38. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






39. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






40. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






41. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






42. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






43. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






44. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






45. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






46. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






47. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






48. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






49. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






50. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling