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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






2. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






3. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






4. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






5. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






6. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






7. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






8. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






9. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






10. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






12. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






13. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






14. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






15. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






16. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






17. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






18. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






19. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






20. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






21. Adenine and Guanine






22. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






23. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






24. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






25. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






26. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






27. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






28. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






29. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






30. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






31. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






32. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






33. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






34. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






35. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






36. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






37. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






38. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






39. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






40. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






42. Two simple sugars joined together






43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






44. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






45. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






46. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






47. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






48. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






49. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






50. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls