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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






2. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






3. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






4. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






5. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






6. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






7. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






8. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






9. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






11. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






12. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






13. Two simple sugars joined together






14. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






15. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






16. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






17. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






18. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






19. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






20. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






21. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






22. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






23. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






24. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






25. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






26. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






27. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






28. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






29. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






30. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






31. Adenine and Guanine






32. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






33. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






34. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






35. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






36. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






37. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






38. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






39. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






40. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






41. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






42. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






43. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






44. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






45. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






46. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






47. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






48. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






49. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






50. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms







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