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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






4. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






5. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






6. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






7. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






8. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






9. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






10. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






11. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






12. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






13. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






14. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






15. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






16. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






17. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






18. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






19. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






21. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






22. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






23. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






24. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






25. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






26. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






27. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






28. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






29. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






31. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






32. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






33. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






34. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






35. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






36. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






37. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






38. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






39. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






40. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






41. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






42. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






43. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






44. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






46. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






47. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






48. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






49. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






50. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).