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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






2. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






3. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






4. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






5. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






6. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






7. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






8. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






9. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






10. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






11. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






12. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






13. Two simple sugars joined together






14. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






15. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






17. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






18. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






19. The bond between two sugar molecules






20. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






21. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






22. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






23. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






24. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






25. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






26. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






27. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






28. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






29. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






30. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






31. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






32. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






33. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






34. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






35. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






36. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






37. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






38. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






39. Adenine and Guanine






40. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






41. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






42. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






43. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






44. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






45. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






46. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






47. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






48. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






49. Components of cytoskeleton






50. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)







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