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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






2. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






3. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






4. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






5. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






6. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






7. Two simple sugars joined together






8. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






9. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






10. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






11. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






12. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






13. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






14. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






15. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






16. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






17. Adenine and Guanine






18. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






20. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






21. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






22. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






23. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






24. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






25. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






26. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






27. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






28. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






29. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






30. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






31. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






32. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






33. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






34. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






35. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






36. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






37. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






38. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






39. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






40. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






42. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






43. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






44. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






48. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






49. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution