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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






2. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






3. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






4. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






5. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






6. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






7. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






8. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






9. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






10. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






11. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






12. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






13. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






14. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






15. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






16. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






17. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






18. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






19. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






20. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






21. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






22. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






23. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






24. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






25. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






26. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






27. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






28. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






29. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






30. Two simple sugars joined together






31. Adenine and Guanine






32. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






33. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






34. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






35. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






36. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






37. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






38. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






39. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






40. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






41. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






42. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






43. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






44. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






45. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






46. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






47. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






48. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






49. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains