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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






2. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






3. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






4. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






5. Components of cytoskeleton






6. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






7. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






8. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






9. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






10. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






11. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






12. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






13. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






14. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






15. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






16. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






17. Adenine and Guanine






18. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






19. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






20. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






21. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






22. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






23. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






24. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






26. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






27. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






28. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






29. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






30. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






31. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






32. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






33. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






34. Two simple sugars joined together






35. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






36. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






37. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






38. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






39. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






40. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






41. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






42. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






44. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






45. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






46. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






49. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






50. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves