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MCAT Biology 3
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Steriod
Fibronectin
Hemidesmosomes
Beta barrel
2. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Spectrin
Amino acid (composition)
Antiport
Starch
3. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Phosphdiester bond
ATP (composition)
Charged amino acids
Extracellular matrix
4. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Archaebacteria
Glycoproteins
5. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Plasmodesmata
Middle lamella
Antiport
Primary cell wall
6. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Keratin
Polar uncharged amino acids
C - H - O - N - S
First law of thermodynamics
7. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Anchoring junction
Middle lamella
Gap junction
Special function amino acids
8. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Tight junctions
Chitin
Complimentary bases
First law of thermodynamics
9. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Peptide bond
Extreme thermophiles
Gap junction
Bacteria
10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Dynein
Fat (characteristics)
Cenriole
Gram positive bacteria
11. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Polar uncharged amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Glycerol
12. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Microtubules
Prokaryote
Special function amino acids
Cellulose
13. Two simple sugars joined together
C - H - O - N - S
Hydrocarbons
Cyanobacteria
Disaccharide
14. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Cytoplasm
Plasmodesmata
Domains
15. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Spectrin
Bacteriorhodopsin
Complimentary bases
Aromatic amino acids
16. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Amino acid (composition)
Peptidoglycan
Amylopectin
17. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Monosaccharide
Complimentary bases
Prokaryote
Plasmodesmata
18. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Secondary level of protein structure
Charged amino acids
Nucleolus
Hydrolysis
19. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Keratin
Pinocytosis
Methanogens
Antiport
20. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Peptide bond
Middle lamella
Fat (composition)
21. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Pinocytosis
Amylopectin
Bacteriorhodopsin
Microtubules
22. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
DNA (location)
Adherins junctions
Rossman fold
Hydrocarbons
23. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Beta barrel
Antiport
Desmosomes
24. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Collagen
Beta barrel
Glycogen
25. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Denaturation
Glycolipids
Peptidoglycan
26. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Glycogen
Proteoglycans
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hydrolysis
27. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Steriod
ATP (composition)
Chitin
28. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Charged amino acids
Cenriole
Beta barrel
29. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Glycosidic bond
Kinesin
Dehydration synthesis
Motifs
30. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Hypercholesterolemia
Nucleotide (composition)
Gap junction
xtrusion
31. Adenine and Guanine
Complimentary bases
Purines (identify)
Hydrocarbons
Extreme halophiles
32. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Hydrolysis
Cenriole
Special function amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
33. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Flagellum
Major categories of macromolecules
Clathrin
34. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Glycolipids
Amino acid (composition)
Bacteria
Alpha glucose ring
35. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Chromosome
Antiport
36. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Gram positive bacteria
Differences between RNA and DNA
Motifs
Amylose
37. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Gap junction
Cadherin
Methanogens
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
38. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Cytoskeleton
Steriod
Plasmodesmata
C - H - O - N - S
39. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Antiport
Glycerol
Cell Theory
Prokaryote
40. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Chromosome
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Cadherin
Secondary cell wall
41. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Extracellular matrix
Amylopectin
Cellulose
42. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Complimentary bases
C - H - O - N - S
Integrins
Hemidesmosomes
43. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Aromatic amino acids
Peptide bond
Methanogens
44. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Proteoglycans
Purines (identify)
Adherins junctions
Integrins
45. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cellulose
Cyanobacteria
46. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Cenriole
Glycolipids
Beta barrel
Monosaccharide
47. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Microtubules
Collagen
First law of thermodynamics
Glycosidic bond
48. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Cenriole
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Nucleolus
49. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
xtrusion
Bacteriorhodopsin
Pyrimidines (identify)
Glycerol
50. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Secondary level of protein structure
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
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