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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Complimentary bases
Gap junction
Fibronectin
Rossman fold
2. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Steriod
Hydrolysis
Cytoskeleton
Charged amino acids
3. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Purines (characteristics)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Chromosome
4. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Methanogens
First law of thermodynamics
Prostaglandin
Intermediate filaments
5. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Hemidesmosomes
Kinesin
Cellulose
Primary cell wall
6. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Fibronectin
Pinocytosis
Hydrolysis
Extreme thermophiles
7. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Purines (identify)
Fat (characteristics)
Major categories of macromolecules
Prostaglandin
8. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Fatty acid
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Cellulose
9. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Middle lamella
Quaternary level of protein structure
Amylopectin
Glycoproteins
10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Plasmodesmata
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cenriole
Extreme halophiles
11. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Miller - Urey experiment
5 classes of amino acids
Pinocytosis
Proteoglycans
12. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
DNA (location)
Primary cell wall
ATP (composition)
Fat (composition)
13. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Methanogens
Beta barrel
Chromosome
Major categories of macromolecules
14. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Antiport
Charged amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Fatty acid
15. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Miller - Urey experiment
Domains
Collagen
Extracellular matrix
16. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Extracellular matrix
Primary level of protein structure
Extreme halophiles
Antiport
17. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Domains
Primary cell wall
Secondary level of protein structure
First law of thermodynamics
18. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Cellulose
Denaturation
Gap junction
Collagen
19. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Cadherin
Prokaryote
Cenriole
Steriod
20. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Hypercholesterolemia
Chitin
Bacteria
Purines (characteristics)
21. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Nucleolus
Peptide bond
Cadherin
Pinocytosis
22. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
DNA (location)
Chromosome
Gap junction
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
23. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
Glycosidic bond
Beta glucose ring
24. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Complimentary bases
Major categories of macromolecules
25. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Fatty acid
Polar uncharged amino acids
Nucleolus
Motifs
26. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Purines (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
Fat (characteristics)
Countertransport
27. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cyanobacteria
Prokaryote
Peptide bond
28. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Cenriole
Chromosome
Dynein
Countertransport
29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Glycogen
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Purines (characteristics)
30. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Differences between RNA and DNA
Quaternary level of protein structure
Amylopectin
Chromosome
31. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Hydrocarbons
Secondary level of protein structure
Starch
Rossman fold
32. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Extreme thermophiles
Fatty acid
Extreme halophiles
Steriod
33. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Fat (characteristics)
Beta barrel
Proteoglycans
Glycosidic bond
34. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Dynein
Charged amino acids
Primary cell wall
35. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Archaebacteria
xtrusion
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Cyanobacteria
36. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
ATP (composition)
Microtubules
37. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Beta barrel
Chitin
Peptidoglycan
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
38. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Fibronectin
Quaternary level of protein structure
Clathrin
39. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Fatty acid
Tight junctions
Gap junction
Purines (identify)
40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Glycolipids
Dynein
C - H - O - N - S
Tertiaty level of protein structure
41. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Bacteriorhodopsin
Gram positive bacteria
Adherins junctions
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
42. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
ATP (composition)
Peptide bond
Secondary level of protein structure
43. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Middle lamella
Peptide bond
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycogen
44. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Fat (composition)
Secondary cell wall
Glycoproteins
Cytoplasm
45. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Prostaglandin
Polar uncharged amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
Fatty acid
46. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Glycosidic bond
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
DNA (location)
Gram positive bacteria
47. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Phospholipid (composition)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cellulose
48. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Collagen
Extracellular matrix
Special function amino acids
Cellulose
49. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Nucleotide (composition)
Glycogen
Alpha glucose ring
Keratin
50. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Intermediate filaments
Plasmodesmata
Major categories of macromolecules
Plastids