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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






3. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






4. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






6. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






7. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






8. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






9. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






10. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






11. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






12. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






13. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






14. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






15. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






16. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






18. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






19. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






20. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






21. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






22. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






24. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






25. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






26. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






27. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






28. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






29. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






30. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






33. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






34. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






35. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






36. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






37. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






38. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






39. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






40. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






41. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






42. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






43. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






44. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






45. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






46. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






47. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






48. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






50. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine