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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






2. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






3. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






4. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






5. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






6. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






7. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






8. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






9. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






10. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






11. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






12. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






13. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






14. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






15. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






16. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






17. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






18. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






19. Two simple sugars joined together






20. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






21. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






23. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






24. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






25. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






26. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






27. Adenine and Guanine






28. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






29. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






30. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






31. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






32. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






33. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






34. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






35. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






36. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






37. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






38. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






39. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






40. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






41. The bond between two sugar molecules






42. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






43. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






44. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






45. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






46. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






47. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






48. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






49. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






50. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane