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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






2. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






3. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






4. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






5. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






6. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






7. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






8. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






9. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






10. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






11. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






12. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






13. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






14. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






15. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






16. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






17. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






18. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






19. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






20. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






21. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






22. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






23. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






26. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






27. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






28. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






29. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






30. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






31. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






32. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






33. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






34. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






35. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






36. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






37. The bond between two sugar molecules






38. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






40. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






41. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






42. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






43. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






44. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






46. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






48. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






49. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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