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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






2. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






3. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






5. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






6. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






7. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






8. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






9. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






10. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






11. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






12. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






14. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






15. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






16. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






17. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






18. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






19. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






20. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






21. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






22. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






23. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






25. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






26. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






27. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






28. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






29. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






30. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






31. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






32. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






33. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






34. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






35. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






36. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






37. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






38. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






39. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






40. The bond between two sugar molecules






41. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






42. Adenine and Guanine






43. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






44. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






45. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






48. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






49. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






50. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)







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