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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






2. Components of cytoskeleton






3. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






4. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






5. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






6. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






7. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






8. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






9. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






10. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






11. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






12. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






14. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






15. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






17. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






18. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






19. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






20. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






21. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






22. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






24. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






25. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






26. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






27. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






28. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






29. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






30. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






32. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






33. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






34. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






35. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






36. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






37. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






38. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






39. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






40. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






41. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






42. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






43. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






44. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






45. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






48. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






49. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






50. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells