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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Hydrolysis
DNA (location)
Cellulose
Bacteria
2. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Amylopectin
Hydrocarbons
Charged amino acids
Microtubules
3. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Spectrin
Prostaglandin
Gap junction
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
4. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Cenriole
Extreme halophiles
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
5. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Monosaccharide
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pinocytosis
Charged amino acids
6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Tight junctions
Monosaccharide
Complimentary bases
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
7. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Proteoglycans
Purines (characteristics)
Prostaglandin
Extracellular matrix
8. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Primary level of protein structure
Rossman fold
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
9. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Polar uncharged amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Denaturation
First law of thermodynamics
10. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Amylopectin
Fat (characteristics)
Countertransport
Gram positive bacteria
11. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Amino acid (composition)
Kinesin
12. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Nucleotide (composition)
Cellulose
Clathrin
13. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Special function amino acids
Bacteria
Fibronectin
Cadherin
14. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Major categories of macromolecules
Extreme thermophiles
Primary level of protein structure
15. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Differences between RNA and DNA
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Amylose
16. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Extracellular matrix
Monosaccharide
Cytoplasm
Tight junctions
17. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Aromatic amino acids
Fibronectin
Steriod
Peptidoglycan
18. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Chitin
Cell Theory
Major categories of macromolecules
19. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Pinocytosis
Chromosome
Gram positive bacteria
Phosphdiester bond
20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Beta glucose ring
5 classes of amino acids
Archaebacteria
Glycosidic bond
21. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Hypercholesterolemia
Cyanobacteria
Clathrin
22. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Keratin
Fat (composition)
Cell Theory
Fibronectin
23. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Fat (characteristics)
Nucleolus
Polar uncharged amino acids
Rossman fold
24. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Monosaccharide
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Purines (identify)
DNA (location)
25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Plastids
Beta barrel
Keratin
Integrins
26. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
DNA (location)
Motifs
Fibronectin
Prokaryote
27. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Denaturation
Cell Theory
Starch
Anchoring junction
28. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Cenriole
Glycoproteins
DNA (location)
29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Phospholipid (composition)
Spectrin
30. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Prokaryote
Nucleolus
Spectrin
Cyanobacteria
31. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Functions or proteins
Fat (composition)
Centrosome
Denaturation
32. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Fibronectin
Disaccharide
Plasmodesmata
Complimentary bases
33. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Centrosome
Hydrocarbons
Phosphdiester bond
Major categories of macromolecules
34. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Bacteriorhodopsin
C - H - O - N - S
Disaccharide
Chromosome
35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Steriod
Chromosome
Differences between RNA and DNA
36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Cell Theory
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Integrins
Phospholipid (composition)
37. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Amylose
Integrins
Central vacuole
Tight junctions
38. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Prokaryote
Adherins junctions
Amylopectin
Central vacuole
39. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Phospholipid (composition)
Proteoglycans
Hemidesmosomes
Microtubules
40. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Antiport
Glycogen
Bacteriorhodopsin
Amino acid (composition)
41. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Pinocytosis
Glycolipids
ATP (composition)
Nucleolus
42. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Flagellum
Miller - Urey experiment
Hemidesmosomes
Amylose
43. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Intermediate filaments
Disaccharide
Purines (characteristics)
Secondary level of protein structure
44. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Chromosome
Nucleolus
First law of thermodynamics
Motifs
45. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Special function amino acids
Cyanobacteria
Secondary cell wall
Functions or proteins
46. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Collagen
Anchoring junction
ATP (composition)
Hemidesmosomes
47. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Purines (characteristics)
Fatty acid
Bacteria
48. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Collagen
Alpha glucose ring
Plastids
Dehydration synthesis
49. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Nucleolus
Dehydration synthesis
Aromatic amino acids
Functions or proteins
50. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Gap junction
Alpha glucose ring
Cytoskeleton
Special function amino acids