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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Intermediate filaments
Starch
Chaperone proteins
Functions or proteins
2. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Pinocytosis
Flagellum
Purines (characteristics)
Phospholipid (composition)
3. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Complimentary bases
5 classes of amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Chitin
4. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Fat (characteristics)
Fat (composition)
Bacteria
5. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Secondary cell wall
Motifs
Major categories of macromolecules
Central vacuole
6. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Cell Theory
Extreme halophiles
Glycolipids
Peptidoglycan
7. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Monosaccharide
Quaternary level of protein structure
Anchoring junction
8. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Tight junctions
Nonpolar amino acids
Cytoplasm
Nucleotide (composition)
9. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Microtubules
Gap junction
Domains
Proteoglycans
10. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Proteoglycans
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
xtrusion
11. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Peptide bond
Archaebacteria
Adherins junctions
12. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Chitin
Collagen
Peptidoglycan
13. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Differences between RNA and DNA
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Collagen
Glycerol
14. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Countertransport
Primary cell wall
Adherins junctions
Pinocytosis
15. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Cadherin
Integrins
Kinesin
16. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Nucleolus
Denaturation
Fibronectin
C - H - O - N - S
17. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
DNA (location)
Archaebacteria
Cenriole
Pyrimidines (identify)
18. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Hypercholesterolemia
Peptide bond
ATP (composition)
Plastids
19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
DNA (location)
Middle lamella
Desmosomes
Polar uncharged amino acids
20. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Microtubules
Charged amino acids
Quaternary level of protein structure
Beta glucose ring
21. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Complimentary bases
Cytoskeleton
Collagen
Steriod
22. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Peptidoglycan
Nucleolus
Methanogens
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
23. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Gap junction
Hemidesmosomes
Keratin
24. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Major categories of macromolecules
Functions or proteins
Hypercholesterolemia
Monosaccharide
25. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Gap junction
Extracellular matrix
Prokaryote
Clathrin
26. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cellulose
Cenriole
Cell Theory
Dynein
27. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Gap junction
Keratin
Dynein
Pyrimidines (identify)
28. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Alpha glucose ring
Glycogen
Charged amino acids
Chromosome
29. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Cenriole
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Collagen
Cyanobacteria
30. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Fatty acid
Nucleolus
Primary cell wall
Gram positive bacteria
31. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Rossman fold
Purines (characteristics)
Phospholipid (composition)
Alpha glucose ring
32. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Domains
Hydrocarbons
Steriod
Antiport
33. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Flagellum
Pyrimidines (identify)
Nucleotide (composition)
5 classes of amino acids
34. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Purines (identify)
Gram positive bacteria
Major categories of macromolecules
Purines (characteristics)
35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Integrins
Flagellum
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Amylose
36. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
C - H - O - N - S
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Bacteria
Quaternary level of protein structure
37. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Desmosomes
Pinocytosis
Extreme thermophiles
Starch
38. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Polar uncharged amino acids
Starch
Chromosome
Amino acid (composition)
39. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Nucleotide (composition)
Miller - Urey experiment
Amino acid (composition)
Amylopectin
40. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Flagellum
Anchoring junction
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Cadherin
41. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Countertransport
Amylopectin
Chaperone proteins
Peptidoglycan
42. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Prokaryote
Countertransport
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Pinocytosis
C - H - O - N - S
Beta barrel
Nucleotide (composition)
44. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Antiport
Cadherin
Kinesin
45. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Aromatic amino acids
Bacteriorhodopsin
First law of thermodynamics
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
46. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Functions or proteins
Gram positive bacteria
xtrusion
DNA (location)
47. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Beta barrel
Archaebacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycogen
48. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Bacteriorhodopsin
Functions or proteins
Methanogens
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
xtrusion
First law of thermodynamics
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Secondary level of protein structure
50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Desmosomes
Cyanobacteria
Centrosome
Starch
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