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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






2. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






3. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






4. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






5. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






6. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






7. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






8. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






9. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






10. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






11. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






12. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






13. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






14. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






15. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






16. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






18. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






19. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






20. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






21. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






22. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






23. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






24. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






25. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






26. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






27. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






28. Adenine and Guanine






29. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






30. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






31. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






32. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






33. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






34. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






35. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






36. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






37. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






38. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






39. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






40. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






41. Components of cytoskeleton






42. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






43. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






44. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






45. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






46. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






47. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






48. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






49. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






50. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane