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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine and Guanine






2. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






3. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






4. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






5. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






6. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






7. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






8. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






9. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






10. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






11. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






12. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






13. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






14. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






15. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






16. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






17. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






18. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






19. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






20. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






21. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






22. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






23. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






24. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






25. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






26. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






27. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






28. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






29. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






30. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






31. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






32. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






33. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






34. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






35. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






36. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






37. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






38. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






39. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






40. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






41. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






42. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






43. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






44. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






45. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






47. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






48. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






49. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






50. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells







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