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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






2. Components of cytoskeleton






3. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






4. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






5. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






6. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






7. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






8. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






9. Two simple sugars joined together






10. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






11. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






12. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






13. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






14. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






15. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






16. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






17. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






19. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






20. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






21. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






22. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






24. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






25. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






26. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






27. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






28. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






29. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






30. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






31. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






32. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






33. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






34. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






36. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






37. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






38. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






39. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






40. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






41. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






42. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






43. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






44. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






45. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






46. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






47. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






48. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






49. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






50. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures