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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






2. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






3. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






4. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






5. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






7. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






8. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






9. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






10. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






11. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






12. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






13. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






14. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






15. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






16. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






17. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






18. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






19. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






20. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






21. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






22. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






23. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






25. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






26. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






27. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






28. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






29. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






30. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






31. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






32. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






33. The bond between two sugar molecules






34. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






35. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






36. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






37. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






38. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






40. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






41. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






42. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






43. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






44. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






45. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






46. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






47. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






48. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






49. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group