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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Centrosome
Purines (characteristics)
Pyrimidines (identify)
2. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Bacteriorhodopsin
Anchoring junction
Prostaglandin
C - H - O - N - S
3. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Nonpolar amino acids
Extreme halophiles
Peptidoglycan
Motifs
4. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Disaccharide
Cytoskeleton
Polar uncharged amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
5. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Cellulose
Flagellum
Phosphdiester bond
Major categories of macromolecules
6. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Chromosome
Plastids
Fibronectin
7. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Phosphdiester bond
Gap junction
Hydrocarbons
Desmosomes
8. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
DNA (location)
Collagen
Plasmodesmata
Fatty acid
9. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Glycosidic bond
Cadherin
Beta barrel
10. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Spectrin
Phosphdiester bond
Glycoproteins
11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Domains
Prokaryote
Secondary cell wall
Desmosomes
12. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Proteoglycans
Bacteria
C - H - O - N - S
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Extracellular matrix
Middle lamella
First law of thermodynamics
Glycogen
14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Secondary cell wall
Prostaglandin
15. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Plasmodesmata
Extreme halophiles
Chaperone proteins
Miller - Urey experiment
16. Components of cytoskeleton
Domains
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Glycoproteins
5 classes of amino acids
17. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Disaccharide
Differences between RNA and DNA
Purines (identify)
Cell Theory
18. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Hydrocarbons
Kinesin
Fatty acid
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
19. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
5 classes of amino acids
Countertransport
Bacteria
20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Kinesin
Prostaglandin
Alpha glucose ring
Methanogens
21. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Major categories of macromolecules
Nucleolus
Beta glucose ring
22. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Peptide bond
Glycerol
Differences between RNA and DNA
23. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Cadherin
Plastids
Flagellum
24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Starch
Purines (identify)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Motifs
25. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Bacteriorhodopsin
xtrusion
Plasmodesmata
26. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Alpha glucose ring
Clathrin
Starch
27. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Fatty acid
Beta glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
Beta barrel
28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Plasmodesmata
Integrins
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
29. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Centrosome
Differences between RNA and DNA
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
Cellulose
Amylopectin
Hydrocarbons
31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Major categories of macromolecules
Gram positive bacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Cadherin
32. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Rossman fold
Centrosome
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Charged amino acids
33. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Denaturation
Hydrolysis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Primary cell wall
34. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Fat (composition)
Domains
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
35. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Secondary level of protein structure
Amylopectin
Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
36. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Hypercholesterolemia
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hydrolysis
Nucleolus
37. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Differences between RNA and DNA
Archaebacteria
Cell Theory
Chromosome
38. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Motifs
Complimentary bases
ATP (composition)
Plasmodesmata
39. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Cadherin
Central vacuole
Fibronectin
Secondary cell wall
40. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Pinocytosis
Antiport
Glycolipids
Fibronectin
41. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Differences between RNA and DNA
Nucleotide (composition)
Chromosome
Secondary cell wall
42. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Keratin
Chaperone proteins
Amino acid (composition)
Monosaccharide
43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Alpha glucose ring
Anchoring junction
Miller - Urey experiment
Denaturation
44. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Denaturation
Adherins junctions
Bacteriorhodopsin
Middle lamella
45. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Nonpolar amino acids
Fat (characteristics)
Countertransport
Middle lamella
46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Amylose
Cell Theory
Clathrin
C - H - O - N - S
47. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Extracellular matrix
Polar uncharged amino acids
48. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Cadherin
Aromatic amino acids
Fat (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
49. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Hypercholesterolemia
Pyrimidines (identify)
Steriod
Purines (characteristics)
50. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Complimentary bases
Keratin
Middle lamella
Centrosome