Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






2. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






3. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






4. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






5. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






6. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






7. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






8. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






9. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






10. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






11. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






12. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






13. The bond between two sugar molecules






14. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






15. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






16. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






17. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






18. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






19. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






20. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






21. Adenine and Guanine






22. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






23. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






24. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






25. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






27. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






28. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






29. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






30. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






31. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






32. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






33. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






34. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






35. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






36. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






37. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






38. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






40. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






41. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






42. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






43. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






44. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






45. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






46. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






47. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






48. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






49. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






50. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix