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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Cytoskeleton
Anchoring junction
Disaccharide
Antiport
2. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Cyanobacteria
Aromatic amino acids
Fatty acid
3. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
ATP (composition)
Kinesin
Chitin
Adherins junctions
4. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Purines (characteristics)
Nucleolus
Glycosidic bond
Glycoproteins
5. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
5 classes of amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Hydrocarbons
Cytoplasm
6. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Fat (characteristics)
Flagellum
Glycolipids
Hydrolysis
7. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Polar uncharged amino acids
Special function amino acids
Pinocytosis
Domains
8. Two simple sugars joined together
Antiport
Domains
Disaccharide
Intermediate filaments
9. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Intermediate filaments
Denaturation
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Chaperone proteins
10. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Extracellular matrix
Secondary level of protein structure
Polar uncharged amino acids
Primary level of protein structure
11. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Central vacuole
Extreme thermophiles
Cenriole
Purines (identify)
12. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Motifs
Hydrolysis
Plastids
Cadherin
13. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Chaperone proteins
Cytoskeleton
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Dynein
14. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Plastids
ATP (composition)
Cyanobacteria
Amylose
15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Motifs
Charged amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Middle lamella
16. Adenine and Guanine
Cellulose
Purines (identify)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
5 classes of amino acids
17. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Extreme thermophiles
Fibronectin
Plastids
Archaebacteria
18. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Countertransport
19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Peptidoglycan
Amylopectin
Amylose
Disaccharide
20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Hypercholesterolemia
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
ATP (composition)
21. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Countertransport
Integrins
Bacteria
Kinesin
22. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Secondary cell wall
Beta barrel
Pinocytosis
23. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Prostaglandin
Keratin
C - H - O - N - S
Plasmodesmata
24. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Spectrin
Gap junction
Bacteriorhodopsin
Monosaccharide
25. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Motifs
Nucleotide (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Anchoring junction
26. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Gap junction
Plastids
Cyanobacteria
Kinesin
27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Glycosidic bond
Hypercholesterolemia
First law of thermodynamics
28. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Beta glucose ring
Glycosidic bond
Fat (composition)
Polar uncharged amino acids
29. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Domains
Cell Theory
Rossman fold
Complimentary bases
30. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Hemidesmosomes
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Glycogen
Cyanobacteria
31. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
ATP (composition)
Cell Theory
Beta barrel
Hydrocarbons
32. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Dynein
Monosaccharide
ATP (composition)
Functions or proteins
33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Peptidoglycan
Glycolipids
Bacteria
34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Purines (identify)
Fat (composition)
35. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Clathrin
Extreme halophiles
Primary cell wall
36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Keratin
Phospholipid (composition)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Motifs
37. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Flagellum
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Extreme thermophiles
Antiport
38. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
C - H - O - N - S
Peptidoglycan
Prokaryote
Chaperone proteins
39. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Pinocytosis
Nucleotide (composition)
Intermediate filaments
40. Components of cytoskeleton
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Motifs
Nonpolar amino acids
Bacteria
41. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Charged amino acids
Cadherin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
42. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Integrins
Gram positive bacteria
Complimentary bases
Tight junctions
43. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Gram positive bacteria
Cell Theory
Amylopectin
Dynein
44. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Intermediate filaments
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Fatty acid
Amino acid (composition)
45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Integrins
Motifs
Nucleolus
Aromatic amino acids
46. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Gap junction
Major categories of macromolecules
Cenriole
Tight junctions
47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
First law of thermodynamics
Prokaryote
Primary cell wall
Fat (characteristics)
48. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Glycogen
Countertransport
Quaternary level of protein structure
Nucleotide (composition)
49. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Hydrolysis
Hemidesmosomes
Fat (composition)
Flagellum
50. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Fibronectin
Phosphdiester bond
Hydrocarbons
Cell Theory