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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Peptidoglycan
Clathrin
Chitin
Steriod
2. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Amino acid (composition)
Methanogens
Aromatic amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules
3. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
C - H - O - N - S
Kinesin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Keratin
4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
xtrusion
Pyrimidines (identify)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Prostaglandin
5. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Primary cell wall
Fibronectin
Cytoskeleton
Gap junction
6. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Hydrocarbons
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Purines (characteristics)
Extreme halophiles
7. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Phosphdiester bond
Monosaccharide
Miller - Urey experiment
8. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
C - H - O - N - S
Dehydration synthesis
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
9. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Disaccharide
Peptide bond
Nucleolus
Fat (composition)
10. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Domains
Complimentary bases
Integrins
DNA (location)
11. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Flagellum
Middle lamella
Gap junction
Plasmodesmata
12. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Gram positive bacteria
Major categories of macromolecules
Flagellum
Aromatic amino acids
13. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Hydrolysis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Alpha glucose ring
Chromosome
14. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Central vacuole
Antiport
Middle lamella
15. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Glycosidic bond
Dehydration synthesis
Tight junctions
Alpha glucose ring
16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Charged amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Beta glucose ring
Glycerol
17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Nonpolar amino acids
Cellulose
Intermediate filaments
Phosphdiester bond
18. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Glycerol
Hydrocarbons
Secondary level of protein structure
Phospholipid (composition)
19. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Nucleolus
Clathrin
Rossman fold
20. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Glycosidic bond
Polar uncharged amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
Proteoglycans
21. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Prostaglandin
Chaperone proteins
Anchoring junction
Phospholipid (composition)
22. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Fibronectin
Starch
Gram positive bacteria
23. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Disaccharide
Hypercholesterolemia
Plastids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
24. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Disaccharide
DNA (location)
Cyanobacteria
Desmosomes
25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Countertransport
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Middle lamella
Spectrin
26. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Monosaccharide
Quaternary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
27. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Methanogens
Kinesin
Hydrolysis
Keratin
28. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Beta glucose ring
Fat (characteristics)
Microtubules
29. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Microtubules
Archaebacteria
Functions or proteins
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
30. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Cellulose
Peptidoglycan
Middle lamella
Fat (characteristics)
31. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hydrolysis
Glycerol
Fat (characteristics)
32. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Adherins junctions
Primary cell wall
Extreme halophiles
Miller - Urey experiment
33. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Amino acid (composition)
Fat (composition)
Clathrin
34. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Motifs
Starch
Rossman fold
35. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
First law of thermodynamics
Steriod
Purines (identify)
36. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Domains
Hydrocarbons
Hemidesmosomes
Cytoskeleton
37. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
DNA (location)
Adherins junctions
Keratin
Extracellular matrix
38. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Countertransport
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Extreme thermophiles
Hydrocarbons
39. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Hydrocarbons
Chromosome
Primary cell wall
Amino acid (composition)
40. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Glycerol
Proteoglycans
Methanogens
Motifs
41. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Amino acid (composition)
Secondary cell wall
Dynein
Miller - Urey experiment
42. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Cadherin
Purines (identify)
Secondary cell wall
43. The bond between two sugar molecules
Purines (identify)
Glycosidic bond
Kinesin
Extreme thermophiles
44. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
C - H - O - N - S
Beta barrel
Special function amino acids
45. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Antiport
Polar uncharged amino acids
Spectrin
Fatty acid
46. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Pyrimidines (identify)
Secondary level of protein structure
xtrusion
Cellulose
47. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Archaebacteria
Starch
Glycerol
Fat (composition)
48. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Extreme halophiles
Glycogen
Glycolipids
Bacteriorhodopsin
49. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Amino acid (composition)
Anchoring junction
Motifs
50. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Adherins junctions
Amylopectin
Hemidesmosomes
Tertiaty level of protein structure