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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Glycosidic bond
Amylose
Bacteriorhodopsin
Special function amino acids
2. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Alpha glucose ring
C - H - O - N - S
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
3. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Amylopectin
Special function amino acids
Proteoglycans
Plasmodesmata
4. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Fat (characteristics)
Domains
Starch
5. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Tight junctions
Antiport
Adherins junctions
Rossman fold
6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Glycogen
Extreme thermophiles
Microtubules
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
7. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Purines (characteristics)
Hypercholesterolemia
Microtubules
Glycolipids
8. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Integrins
Collagen
Adherins junctions
Hemidesmosomes
9. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hydrocarbons
Keratin
Glycogen
10. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Miller - Urey experiment
Prostaglandin
Hydrolysis
5 classes of amino acids
11. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Prokaryote
5 classes of amino acids
Antiport
12. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Countertransport
Monosaccharide
Methanogens
Major categories of macromolecules
13. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Kinesin
Glycoproteins
Special function amino acids
14. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Extreme halophiles
Tight junctions
Phosphdiester bond
Fat (characteristics)
15. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Purines (identify)
Prostaglandin
Chromosome
Cellulose
16. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
First law of thermodynamics
Domains
Amylose
Antiport
17. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Prokaryote
Domains
Beta barrel
Archaebacteria
18. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Hydrocarbons
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Nonpolar amino acids
Adherins junctions
19. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Purines (characteristics)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Hypercholesterolemia
Bacteria
20. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fatty acid
Fat (composition)
Hydrocarbons
Gap junction
21. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Glycosidic bond
Hydrocarbons
Gram positive bacteria
22. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Extracellular matrix
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Denaturation
Motifs
23. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Purines (identify)
Cadherin
Beta glucose ring
24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Proteoglycans
Cyanobacteria
25. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Kinesin
Primary cell wall
Primary level of protein structure
Disaccharide
26. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Nonpolar amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Monosaccharide
Cenriole
27. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Proteoglycans
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Cellulose
Purines (identify)
28. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Charged amino acids
Cyanobacteria
Adherins junctions
Complimentary bases
29. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Bacteria
Major categories of macromolecules
Amylose
Dynein
30. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Prostaglandin
Cytoplasm
Primary cell wall
Glycolipids
31. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Quaternary level of protein structure
Intermediate filaments
Adherins junctions
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
32. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Cellulose
Archaebacteria
Polar uncharged amino acids
Middle lamella
33. The bond between two sugar molecules
Fatty acid
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cenriole
Glycosidic bond
34. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Microtubules
C - H - O - N - S
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cadherin
35. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Beta barrel
Fat (composition)
Clathrin
Cellulose
36. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
xtrusion
Glycoproteins
DNA (location)
37. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Miller - Urey experiment
Quaternary level of protein structure
Kinesin
Hypercholesterolemia
38. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Prokaryote
Antiport
Flagellum
Archaebacteria
39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Chaperone proteins
Glycerol
Amylose
ATP (composition)
40. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Nucleotide (composition)
Glycosidic bond
Flagellum
Extreme halophiles
41. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
C - H - O - N - S
Central vacuole
Primary cell wall
Domains
42. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Glycogen
Pyrimidines (identify)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cyanobacteria
43. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Fibronectin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Antiport
44. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Central vacuole
Cell Theory
Countertransport
45. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Complimentary bases
First law of thermodynamics
Secondary level of protein structure
Beta glucose ring
46. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
Nucleolus
5 classes of amino acids
Methanogens
47. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Clathrin
48. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
xtrusion
Charged amino acids
Glycerol
Intermediate filaments
49. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Denaturation
Adherins junctions
Peptide bond
50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Hydrocarbons
ATP (composition)
Plasmodesmata
Alpha glucose ring