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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






2. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






3. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






4. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






6. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






7. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






8. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






9. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






10. Components of cytoskeleton






11. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






12. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






13. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






15. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






16. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






17. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






18. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






19. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






20. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






21. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






22. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






23. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






24. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






25. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






26. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






27. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






28. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






30. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






31. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






32. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






33. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






34. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






35. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






36. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






37. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






38. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






39. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






40. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






41. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






42. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






44. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






45. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






46. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






48. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






49. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






50. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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