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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






2. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






3. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






4. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






5. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






6. Two simple sugars joined together






7. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






8. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






9. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






10. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






11. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






12. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






13. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






14. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






15. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






16. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






17. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






18. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






19. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






20. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






21. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






22. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






23. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






24. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






25. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






26. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






27. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






28. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






30. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






31. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






32. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






34. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






35. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






36. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






37. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






38. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






39. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






40. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






41. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






42. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






43. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






44. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






45. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






46. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






48. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






49. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells