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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






2. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






3. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






4. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






5. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






6. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






7. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






8. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






9. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






10. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






11. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






12. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






13. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






14. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






15. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






16. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






17. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






18. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






19. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






20. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






21. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






22. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






24. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






25. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






26. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






27. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






28. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






29. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






30. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






31. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






32. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






33. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






34. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






35. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






36. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






37. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






38. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






39. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






40. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






41. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






43. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






44. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






45. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






46. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






47. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






48. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






49. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






50. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine