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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






2. Two simple sugars joined together






3. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






4. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






5. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






7. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






8. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






9. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






10. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






12. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






13. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






14. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






15. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






16. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






17. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






18. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






19. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






20. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






21. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






22. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






23. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






24. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






25. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






26. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






27. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






28. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






29. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






30. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






31. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






32. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






33. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






34. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






35. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






36. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






37. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






38. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






39. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






40. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






41. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






42. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






43. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






44. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






45. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






46. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






47. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






48. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






49. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






50. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production