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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Extreme thermophiles
Glycosidic bond
Desmosomes
2. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Secondary level of protein structure
Monosaccharide
Cytoskeleton
Peptidoglycan
3. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Quaternary level of protein structure
Collagen
Rossman fold
4. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Primary cell wall
Peptidoglycan
Phospholipid (composition)
5. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Fat (composition)
Tight junctions
Cyanobacteria
6. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Secondary level of protein structure
Fibronectin
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
7. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide (composition)
Gram positive bacteria
Countertransport
ATP (composition)
8. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Cenriole
Bacteria
Motifs
Hemidesmosomes
9. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Anchoring junction
Domains
Kinesin
Cytoplasm
10. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Hydrolysis
Purines (characteristics)
Kinesin
Integrins
11. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Fat (composition)
Cell Theory
Phosphdiester bond
12. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Purines (identify)
Charged amino acids
Central vacuole
13. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Dehydration synthesis
Polar uncharged amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Bacteria
14. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Bacteriorhodopsin
Anchoring junction
Dehydration synthesis
Differences between RNA and DNA
15. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Desmosomes
Quaternary level of protein structure
Antiport
16. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Proteoglycans
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cytoskeleton
17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
First law of thermodynamics
Phospholipid (composition)
Primary cell wall
18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Tertiaty level of protein structure
DNA (location)
Peptidoglycan
19. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Fatty acid
Centrosome
Glycogen
Chitin
20. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Centrosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
Integrins
Anchoring junction
21. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Extreme thermophiles
Bacteria
Complimentary bases
Middle lamella
22. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Disaccharide
23. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Pyrimidines (identify)
Flagellum
Cytoskeleton
24. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Pyrimidines (identify)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Collagen
xtrusion
25. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Complimentary bases
Fibronectin
Hydrocarbons
DNA (location)
26. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Cyanobacteria
Archaebacteria
Pyrimidines (identify)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
27. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Integrins
Adherins junctions
Phospholipid (composition)
Extreme thermophiles
28. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Glycosidic bond
Integrins
DNA (location)
Differences between RNA and DNA
29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Gap junction
Desmosomes
Prokaryote
30. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Purines (characteristics)
Middle lamella
Bacteria
Flagellum
31. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Integrins
Keratin
Charged amino acids
32. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
ATP (composition)
Hemidesmosomes
Cenriole
Glycerol
33. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Secondary level of protein structure
Nucleotide (composition)
Denaturation
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
34. Adenine and Guanine
Keratin
Disaccharide
Phosphdiester bond
Purines (identify)
35. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Alpha glucose ring
Chromosome
Spectrin
36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Pinocytosis
Cyanobacteria
Fatty acid
Amino acid (composition)
37. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Dehydration synthesis
Chitin
Fat (characteristics)
Polar uncharged amino acids
38. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Beta glucose ring
Collagen
Microtubules
39. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
5 classes of amino acids
Complimentary bases
Disaccharide
40. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Quaternary level of protein structure
Miller - Urey experiment
Adherins junctions
Prostaglandin
41. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Desmosomes
Functions or proteins
Kinesin
First law of thermodynamics
42. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Functions or proteins
Amylopectin
Starch
Amylose
43. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Desmosomes
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cenriole
44. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Nonpolar amino acids
Fat (composition)
Amino acid (composition)
Archaebacteria
45. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Prokaryote
Adherins junctions
Extreme halophiles
46. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Purines (characteristics)
Beta barrel
Cenriole
Denaturation
47. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Nucleotide (composition)
Collagen
First law of thermodynamics
48. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Spectrin
Purines (characteristics)
Special function amino acids
Prostaglandin
49. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Fat (composition)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Hemidesmosomes
50. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Intermediate filaments
Hemidesmosomes
Prokaryote
Tight junctions