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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






2. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






3. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






4. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






5. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






6. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






7. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






8. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






9. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






10. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






11. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






12. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






13. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






14. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






15. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






16. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






17. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






18. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






19. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






20. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






21. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






22. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






23. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






24. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






25. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






26. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






27. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






28. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






29. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






30. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






31. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






32. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






33. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






34. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






35. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






36. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






37. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






38. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






39. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






40. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






41. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






42. Components of cytoskeleton






43. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






44. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






45. The bond between two sugar molecules






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






48. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






49. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






50. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine