Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






2. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






3. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






4. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






5. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






6. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






7. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






8. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






9. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






10. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






11. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






12. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






13. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






14. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






15. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






16. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






17. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






18. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






19. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






21. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






22. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






23. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






24. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






25. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






26. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






27. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






28. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






29. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






30. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






31. The bond between two sugar molecules






32. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






33. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






34. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






35. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






36. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






37. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






38. Adenine and Guanine






39. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






40. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






41. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






42. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






43. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






44. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






45. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






46. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






47. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






48. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






49. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






50. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.