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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






2. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






3. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






4. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






5. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






6. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






7. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






8. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






9. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






10. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






11. Two simple sugars joined together






12. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






13. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






14. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






15. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






16. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






17. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






18. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






19. Components of cytoskeleton






20. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






21. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






22. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






23. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






24. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






25. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






26. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






27. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






28. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






29. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






30. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






31. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






32. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






33. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






34. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






35. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






37. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






38. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






39. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






40. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






41. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






42. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






43. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






44. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






45. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






46. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






47. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






48. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






49. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






50. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics







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