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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






2. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






3. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






4. The bond between two sugar molecules






5. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






6. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






7. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






8. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






9. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






10. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






11. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






12. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






13. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






14. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






15. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






16. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






17. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






18. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






19. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






20. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






21. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






22. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






24. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






25. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






26. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






27. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






28. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






29. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






30. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






31. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






32. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






33. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






34. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






35. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






36. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






37. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






38. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






39. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






40. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






41. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






42. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






43. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






44. Adenine and Guanine






45. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






46. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






47. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






48. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






49. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






50. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production