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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






2. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






3. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






4. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






5. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






6. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






7. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






8. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






9. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






10. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






11. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






12. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






13. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






14. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






15. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






16. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






17. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






18. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






19. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






20. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






21. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






22. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






23. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






24. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






26. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






27. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






28. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






29. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






30. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






31. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






32. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






33. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






34. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






35. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






36. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






37. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






38. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






39. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






40. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






41. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






42. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






43. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






44. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






45. Adenine and Guanine






46. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






47. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






48. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






49. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






50. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine