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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






2. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






3. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






4. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






5. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






6. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






7. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






8. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






9. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






10. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






11. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






12. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






13. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






14. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






15. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






16. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






17. Two simple sugars joined together






18. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






19. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






20. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






21. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






23. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






24. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






26. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






27. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






28. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






29. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






30. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






31. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






32. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






34. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






35. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






36. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






37. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






38. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






39. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






40. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






41. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






42. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






43. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






44. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






45. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






46. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






48. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






49. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






50. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material







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