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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






2. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






3. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






4. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






5. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






6. Adenine and Guanine






7. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






8. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






9. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






10. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






11. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






12. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






13. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






14. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






15. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






16. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






17. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






18. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






19. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






20. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






21. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






22. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






23. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






24. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






25. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






26. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






27. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






28. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






29. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






30. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






31. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






32. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






33. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






34. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






35. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






36. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






37. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






38. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






39. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






40. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






41. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






42. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






43. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






44. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






45. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






46. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






47. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






48. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






49. Two simple sugars joined together






50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells







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