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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






2. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






3. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






5. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






6. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






7. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






8. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






9. Adenine and Guanine






10. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






11. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






12. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






13. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






14. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






15. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






16. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






17. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






19. Components of cytoskeleton






20. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






21. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






22. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






23. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






24. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






25. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






26. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






27. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






28. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






30. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






31. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






32. The bond between two sugar molecules






33. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






34. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






35. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






36. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






37. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






38. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






39. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






40. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






41. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






42. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






43. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






44. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






45. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






48. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






49. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






50. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport







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