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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






2. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






3. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






4. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






5. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






6. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






7. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






8. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






9. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






10. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






11. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






12. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






13. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






14. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






16. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






17. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






18. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






19. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






20. Components of cytoskeleton






21. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






22. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






24. Adenine and Guanine






25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






26. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






27. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






28. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






29. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






30. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






31. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






32. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






33. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






34. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






35. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






36. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






37. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






38. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






40. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






41. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






42. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






43. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






44. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






45. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






47. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






48. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






49. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






50. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures