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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






2. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






3. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






4. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






5. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






6. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






7. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






8. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






9. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






10. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






11. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






12. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






13. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






14. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






15. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






16. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






17. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






18. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






19. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






20. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






21. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






22. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






23. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






24. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






25. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






26. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






27. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






28. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






29. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






30. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






32. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






33. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






34. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






36. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






37. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






38. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






39. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






40. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






41. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






42. Adenine and Guanine






43. Components of cytoskeleton






44. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






46. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






47. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






48. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






49. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






50. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline