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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






2. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






3. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






4. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






5. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






6. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






7. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






8. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






9. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






10. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






11. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






12. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






13. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






14. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






15. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






16. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






17. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






18. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






19. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






20. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






21. Components of cytoskeleton






22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






24. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






25. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






26. The bond between two sugar molecules






27. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






28. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






29. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






30. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






32. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






33. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






34. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






35. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






36. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






37. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






38. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






39. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






40. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






41. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






43. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






44. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






45. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






46. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






48. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






49. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






50. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers