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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Domains
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Clathrin
Cell Theory
2. Two simple sugars joined together
Phospholipid (composition)
Hemidesmosomes
xtrusion
Disaccharide
3. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Primary level of protein structure
Domains
Beta glucose ring
Amino acid (composition)
4. Adenine and Guanine
5 classes of amino acids
Purines (identify)
Fat (characteristics)
Kinesin
5. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Integrins
Chaperone proteins
Pyrimidines (identify)
Pinocytosis
6. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Cellulose
Dynein
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Cenriole
7. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Glycogen
Kinesin
Secondary cell wall
Spectrin
8. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Gap junction
Charged amino acids
Extreme halophiles
9. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Dehydration synthesis
Plastids
Countertransport
10. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Centrosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
Glycogen
Intermediate filaments
11. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Charged amino acids
Hemidesmosomes
Major categories of macromolecules
Flagellum
12. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Fat (characteristics)
Middle lamella
Differences between RNA and DNA
Dehydration synthesis
13. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Spectrin
Extreme thermophiles
Cyanobacteria
14. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Adherins junctions
Amylopectin
Hypercholesterolemia
Integrins
15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Primary cell wall
Charged amino acids
Fibronectin
Differences between RNA and DNA
16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Dehydration synthesis
ATP (composition)
Rossman fold
Microtubules
17. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Glycosidic bond
Amino acid (composition)
Chromosome
Fat (composition)
18. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Fatty acid
Pinocytosis
Glycerol
Aromatic amino acids
19. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Fibronectin
Functions or proteins
Nonpolar amino acids
Peptide bond
20. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Amylose
Intermediate filaments
21. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Centrosome
Peptidoglycan
Prostaglandin
22. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Secondary level of protein structure
Denaturation
Proteoglycans
DNA (location)
23. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Tight junctions
Peptidoglycan
Middle lamella
24. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Intermediate filaments
Cytoplasm
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Kinesin
25. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Kinesin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Nonpolar amino acids
Glycogen
26. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Desmosomes
Spectrin
Proteoglycans
Cell Theory
27. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Cadherin
Amino acid (composition)
First law of thermodynamics
Hypercholesterolemia
28. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Chromosome
Fat (characteristics)
Secondary cell wall
29. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Starch
Monosaccharide
Cytoplasm
Plastids
30. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Kinesin
Special function amino acids
Beta barrel
Cell Theory
31. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
5 classes of amino acids
Alpha glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
Dehydration synthesis
32. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Primary level of protein structure
Adherins junctions
Functions or proteins
Hydrolysis
33. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Purines (characteristics)
Cellulose
Amino acid (composition)
Plasmodesmata
34. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Fibronectin
Nucleolus
Chitin
Hydrolysis
35. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Primary level of protein structure
Gap junction
Cytoplasm
Major categories of macromolecules
36. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Chaperone proteins
Gap junction
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
37. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Amylopectin
Peptide bond
Gap junction
38. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Fatty acid
Extreme halophiles
Bacteria
39. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Beta glucose ring
xtrusion
Keratin
40. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Extreme halophiles
Prokaryote
41. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Denaturation
Extreme thermophiles
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Countertransport
42. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Dehydration synthesis
Middle lamella
Differences between RNA and DNA
43. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Cellulose
Hydrolysis
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Phospholipid (composition)
44. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Anchoring junction
Pinocytosis
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Glycerol
45. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Secondary level of protein structure
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Aromatic amino acids
Prostaglandin
46. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Chitin
Clathrin
Fat (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
47. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Glycerol
Secondary level of protein structure
48. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton
Alpha glucose ring
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
49. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Aromatic amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Beta barrel
Proteoglycans
50. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Primary level of protein structure
Fibronectin
First law of thermodynamics
Differences between RNA and DNA
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