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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






2. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






3. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






4. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






5. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






7. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






8. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






9. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






10. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






11. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






12. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






13. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






14. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






15. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






17. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






18. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






19. Adenine and Guanine






20. Two simple sugars joined together






21. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






22. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






23. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






24. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






25. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






26. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






27. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






28. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






29. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






30. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






31. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






32. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






33. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






34. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






35. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






36. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






37. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






38. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






39. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






40. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






41. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






42. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






45. The bond between two sugar molecules






46. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






48. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






49. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






50. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure