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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Glycolipids
Gap junction
ATP (composition)
Charged amino acids
2. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Pinocytosis
Archaebacteria
Gram positive bacteria
Amylopectin
3. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Tight junctions
Fibronectin
Cyanobacteria
Functions or proteins
4. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Hydrocarbons
Chromosome
Cytoplasm
5. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Collagen
ATP (composition)
Peptidoglycan
Cenriole
6. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Dynein
Phosphdiester bond
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Proteoglycans
7. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Bacteria
Disaccharide
Cytoplasm
Prostaglandin
8. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Glycoproteins
Differences between RNA and DNA
Primary level of protein structure
9. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Central vacuole
Microtubules
Extreme halophiles
Cadherin
10. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Fatty acid
Aromatic amino acids
Domains
Central vacuole
11. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Hydrolysis
Special function amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
Amylose
12. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Cadherin
Glycerol
Extracellular matrix
Tertiaty level of protein structure
13. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Aromatic amino acids
Nonpolar amino acids
Purines (identify)
14. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
xtrusion
Peptide bond
Pyrimidines (identify)
Aromatic amino acids
15. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
First law of thermodynamics
Amylose
Pyrimidines (identify)
16. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Beta glucose ring
Cytoplasm
Bacteriorhodopsin
17. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Extreme halophiles
Primary level of protein structure
Gram positive bacteria
Microtubules
18. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
DNA (location)
Clathrin
Amylose
Gap junction
19. Two simple sugars joined together
Complimentary bases
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Cyanobacteria
Disaccharide
20. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Archaebacteria
Clathrin
Complimentary bases
Alpha glucose ring
21. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Pinocytosis
Bacteria
Complimentary bases
Peptidoglycan
22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Prokaryote
Dehydration synthesis
Denaturation
Fatty acid
23. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Amino acid (composition)
Central vacuole
Charged amino acids
Keratin
24. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Beta barrel
Peptidoglycan
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
25. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Denaturation
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Fatty acid
C - H - O - N - S
26. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Quaternary level of protein structure
Rossman fold
Phospholipid (composition)
Desmosomes
27. Adenine and Guanine
Complimentary bases
Countertransport
Purines (identify)
Nucleotide (composition)
28. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Fatty acid
Intermediate filaments
Tight junctions
Bacteriorhodopsin
29. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Hemidesmosomes
Glycogen
C - H - O - N - S
Fatty acid
30. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Chromosome
Phospholipid (composition)
Middle lamella
Bacteria
31. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Archaebacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Disaccharide
Cadherin
32. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Cadherin
xtrusion
C - H - O - N - S
33. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Methanogens
Anchoring junction
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
34. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Glycerol
Antiport
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Fibronectin
35. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Motifs
Cytoskeleton
Central vacuole
Collagen
36. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Spectrin
Domains
Fatty acid
Chitin
37. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Tight junctions
Extracellular matrix
Archaebacteria
Purines (characteristics)
38. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Glycogen
Dehydration synthesis
Intermediate filaments
39. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Functions or proteins
Bacteria
Phosphdiester bond
40. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Polar uncharged amino acids
Extreme thermophiles
Hydrocarbons
xtrusion
41. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Amylose
C - H - O - N - S
Intermediate filaments
42. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Amylose
Dynein
Rossman fold
43. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Hypercholesterolemia
Fat (composition)
Amylose
First law of thermodynamics
44. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Hemidesmosomes
Hydrolysis
Functions or proteins
Nucleotide (composition)
45. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Beta glucose ring
Peptidoglycan
Adherins junctions
46. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Tight junctions
Fibronectin
Glycerol
Glycogen
47. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Phospholipid (composition)
ATP (composition)
Secondary cell wall
Gap junction
48. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Nucleolus
Prostaglandin
Flagellum
49. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Tight junctions
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Phospholipid (composition)
Integrins
50. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Antiport
Primary cell wall
Steriod