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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






2. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






3. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






4. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






5. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






6. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






7. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






8. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






9. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






10. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






11. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






12. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






13. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






14. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






15. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






16. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






17. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






18. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






19. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






20. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






21. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






22. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






23. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






24. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






26. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






27. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






28. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






29. Components of cytoskeleton






30. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






31. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






32. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






33. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






34. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






35. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






36. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






38. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






39. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






40. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






41. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






42. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






43. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






44. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






45. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






46. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






47. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






48. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






49. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells