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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






2. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






3. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






4. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






5. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






6. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






7. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






8. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






9. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






10. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






12. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






15. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






16. Components of cytoskeleton






17. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






18. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






19. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






21. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






22. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






23. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






25. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






26. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






27. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






29. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






32. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






33. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






34. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






35. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






36. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






37. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






38. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






39. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






40. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






41. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






42. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






44. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






45. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






47. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






48. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






49. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






50. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine