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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






2. Adenine and Guanine






3. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






4. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






5. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






6. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






7. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






8. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






9. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






10. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






11. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






12. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






13. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






14. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






15. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






16. Two simple sugars joined together






17. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






18. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






19. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






20. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






21. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






22. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






23. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






24. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






25. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






26. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






27. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






28. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






29. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






30. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






31. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






32. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






33. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






34. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






36. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






37. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






38. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






39. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






40. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






41. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






42. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






43. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






44. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






45. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






46. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






47. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






48. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






49. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






50. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells







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