Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






2. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






3. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






4. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






6. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






7. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






8. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






9. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






10. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






11. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






12. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






13. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






14. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






15. Components of cytoskeleton






16. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






17. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






18. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






19. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






20. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






21. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






22. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






23. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






24. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






25. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






26. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






27. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






28. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






29. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






30. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






31. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






32. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






33. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






34. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






35. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






36. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






37. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






38. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






40. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






41. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






42. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






43. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






44. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






45. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






46. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






48. Adenine and Guanine






49. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






50. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material