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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






2. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






3. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






4. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






5. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






6. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






7. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






8. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






9. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






11. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






12. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






13. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






14. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






15. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






16. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






17. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






18. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






19. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






20. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






21. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






22. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






23. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






24. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






25. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






26. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






27. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






28. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






30. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






31. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






32. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






33. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






34. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






35. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






36. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






37. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






38. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






39. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






41. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






42. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






43. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






44. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






45. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






46. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






47. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






48. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






49. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






50. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids