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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






2. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






3. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






4. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






5. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






6. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






7. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






8. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






9. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






10. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






11. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






12. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






13. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






14. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






15. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






16. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






17. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






18. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






19. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






20. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






21. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






22. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






23. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






24. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






25. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






26. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






27. The bond between two sugar molecules






28. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






29. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






30. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






31. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






32. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






33. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






34. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






35. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






36. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






37. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






38. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






39. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






40. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






41. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






42. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






43. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






44. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






45. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






46. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






47. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






48. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






49. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






50. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated