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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
xtrusion
Integrins
Dynein
2. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Denaturation
Secondary cell wall
Starch
3. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycosidic bond
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Glycoproteins
Quaternary level of protein structure
4. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Cenriole
xtrusion
Cytoplasm
Glycerol
5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Peptidoglycan
Glycogen
Fat (composition)
Cyanobacteria
6. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Extracellular matrix
Extreme halophiles
7. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Hypercholesterolemia
Middle lamella
Polar uncharged amino acids
Plasmodesmata
8. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Extreme thermophiles
Bacteria
Spectrin
9. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Dehydration synthesis
Nucleolus
Centrosome
ATP (composition)
10. Components of cytoskeleton
Plastids
Middle lamella
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Plasmodesmata
11. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Glycolipids
Alpha glucose ring
Cyanobacteria
12. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Rossman fold
Alpha glucose ring
Centrosome
Plastids
13. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
xtrusion
Secondary cell wall
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Archaebacteria
14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Steriod
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Keratin
15. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
ATP (composition)
Intermediate filaments
Fat (characteristics)
Peptide bond
16. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Spectrin
Kinesin
Nucleolus
Methanogens
17. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Nucleotide (composition)
Antiport
Nonpolar amino acids
Integrins
18. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Complimentary bases
Phospholipid (composition)
Beta barrel
Keratin
19. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Integrins
Denaturation
Miller - Urey experiment
Dehydration synthesis
20. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Plastids
Bacteria
Cytoskeleton
Glycerol
21. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Pyrimidines (identify)
Antiport
Extracellular matrix
Anchoring junction
22. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Intermediate filaments
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Fat (composition)
Hemidesmosomes
23. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Desmosomes
Major categories of macromolecules
Hydrocarbons
Steriod
24. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Glycerol
Chitin
Special function amino acids
25. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Fat (composition)
Flagellum
Domains
Special function amino acids
26. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Hydrocarbons
ATP (composition)
Integrins
27. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Adherins junctions
Miller - Urey experiment
Beta glucose ring
Kinesin
28. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Integrins
Purines (characteristics)
Amino acid (composition)
Pinocytosis
29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Cadherin
Purines (characteristics)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Flagellum
30. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Complimentary bases
Aromatic amino acids
Nucleolus
Archaebacteria
31. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Gap junction
Beta barrel
Motifs
Primary cell wall
32. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Cyanobacteria
Desmosomes
Methanogens
33. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Alpha glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
Monosaccharide
34. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Complimentary bases
Purines (characteristics)
Denaturation
Secondary cell wall
35. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Cellulose
Extracellular matrix
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Archaebacteria
36. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Centrosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
Collagen
37. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Nucleotide (composition)
Fatty acid
Glycerol
Intermediate filaments
38. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Dehydration synthesis
ATP (composition)
Steriod
Primary level of protein structure
39. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Disaccharide
Beta glucose ring
Keratin
Peptidoglycan
40. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Glycosidic bond
Extreme halophiles
Extracellular matrix
xtrusion
41. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Glycolipids
Dynein
Cytoskeleton
42. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Tight junctions
Rossman fold
Starch
Primary cell wall
43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Phosphdiester bond
Tight junctions
Anchoring junction
Hydrocarbons
44. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Bacteriorhodopsin
Phosphdiester bond
Cell Theory
45. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Starch
Keratin
Complimentary bases
46. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Adherins junctions
Hypercholesterolemia
Beta glucose ring
Chitin
47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
5 classes of amino acids
Pinocytosis
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Functions or proteins
48. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Purines (characteristics)
Charged amino acids
Nonpolar amino acids
Polar uncharged amino acids
49. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Alpha glucose ring
Tight junctions
Beta barrel
50. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Secondary level of protein structure
Cenriole
Collagen
Chromosome
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