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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






2. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






3. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






4. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






5. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






6. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






7. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






8. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






9. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






10. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






12. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






13. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






14. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






15. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






16. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






17. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






18. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






19. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






20. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






21. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






22. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






23. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






24. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






25. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






26. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






27. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






28. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






29. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






30. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






31. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






33. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






34. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






35. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






36. Adenine and Guanine






37. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






38. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






39. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






40. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






41. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






42. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






43. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






44. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






45. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






46. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






47. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






49. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






50. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen