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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Phosphdiester bond
Desmosomes
Beta glucose ring
Beta barrel
2. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
DNA (location)
First law of thermodynamics
Steriod
Rossman fold
3. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Pinocytosis
Countertransport
Cytoskeleton
5 classes of amino acids
4. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Gram positive bacteria
Dynein
Amino acid (composition)
Cytoplasm
5. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Cadherin
Intermediate filaments
Domains
6. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Hydrocarbons
Steriod
Primary level of protein structure
Cytoskeleton
7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Nucleolus
Beta glucose ring
Differences between RNA and DNA
Archaebacteria
8. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Glycosidic bond
Beta barrel
Rossman fold
DNA (location)
9. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Starch
Fatty acid
Prokaryote
Tight junctions
10. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Special function amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Clathrin
11. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Aromatic amino acids
Fatty acid
Phospholipid (composition)
Chaperone proteins
12. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Domains
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Integrins
13. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Spectrin
Countertransport
First law of thermodynamics
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
14. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Countertransport
Secondary cell wall
Chitin
Plastids
15. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Plastids
Pinocytosis
Charged amino acids
16. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Disaccharide
Prokaryote
Extreme thermophiles
Glycoproteins
17. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Major categories of macromolecules
Domains
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Amylose
18. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Functions or proteins
Central vacuole
Intermediate filaments
5 classes of amino acids
19. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Clathrin
Tight junctions
Peptide bond
Extreme halophiles
20. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Tight junctions
Disaccharide
Prostaglandin
Steriod
21. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Domains
Fat (composition)
Extracellular matrix
C - H - O - N - S
22. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Denaturation
Amylopectin
Chitin
Phospholipid (composition)
23. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Secondary cell wall
Nucleotide (composition)
Cytoplasm
Cenriole
24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Intermediate filaments
Purines (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
Hydrocarbons
25. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Hydrocarbons
Spectrin
Primary cell wall
Amylose
26. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Differences between RNA and DNA
Nucleolus
Methanogens
Amino acid (composition)
27. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Cytoplasm
Glycoproteins
Chromosome
Charged amino acids
28. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Disaccharide
Centrosome
Charged amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
29. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
5 classes of amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cyanobacteria
30. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Dehydration synthesis
Bacteria
Microtubules
31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Tight junctions
Denaturation
Spectrin
32. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Centrosome
Integrins
Differences between RNA and DNA
33. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Glycerol
Intermediate filaments
Dehydration synthesis
Central vacuole
34. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Purines (identify)
Extreme thermophiles
Major categories of macromolecules
35. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Cytoskeleton
Collagen
Special function amino acids
36. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Archaebacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycerol
Fat (characteristics)
37. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Archaebacteria
Countertransport
Glycogen
Fatty acid
38. The bond between two sugar molecules
Central vacuole
Glycosidic bond
Bacteriorhodopsin
Plastids
39. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Gram positive bacteria
Bacteria
40. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Gram positive bacteria
Charged amino acids
Peptide bond
Glycerol
41. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
First law of thermodynamics
Extracellular matrix
Hydrocarbons
Cyanobacteria
42. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Cell Theory
Archaebacteria
DNA (location)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
43. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Clathrin
Aromatic amino acids
Quaternary level of protein structure
44. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Cadherin
Microtubules
Anchoring junction
Charged amino acids
45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Methanogens
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Intermediate filaments
Fibronectin
46. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Beta glucose ring
Glycoproteins
C - H - O - N - S
Extreme halophiles
47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Fatty acid
Keratin
Clathrin
48. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Fibronectin
Archaebacteria
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Collagen
49. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Nucleolus
Anchoring junction
Primary cell wall
Quaternary level of protein structure
50. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Cellulose
Denaturation
Fatty acid
Charged amino acids