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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






3. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






4. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






5. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






6. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






7. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






8. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






9. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






10. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






11. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






12. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






13. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






14. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






15. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






16. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






17. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






18. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






19. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






20. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






21. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






22. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






23. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






24. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






26. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






27. Adenine and Guanine






28. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






29. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






30. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






31. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






33. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






34. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






35. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






36. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






37. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






38. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






39. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






40. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






41. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






42. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






43. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






44. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






45. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






46. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






47. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






48. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






49. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






50. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids