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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






2. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






3. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






4. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






5. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






6. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






7. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






8. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






9. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






10. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






11. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






12. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






13. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






14. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






15. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






16. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






17. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






18. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






20. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






21. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






22. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






23. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






24. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






25. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






26. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






27. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






28. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






29. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






30. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






31. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






32. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






33. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






34. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






36. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






37. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






38. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






39. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






40. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






41. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






42. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






44. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






45. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






46. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






47. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






48. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).







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