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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Cadherin
Functions or proteins
Amino acid (composition)
Hydrocarbons
2. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Cytoplasm
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Amylose
3. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Cyanobacteria
Hemidesmosomes
Fatty acid
4. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Steriod
Chaperone proteins
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Beta glucose ring
5. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Phosphdiester bond
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Adherins junctions
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
6. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Prostaglandin
Clathrin
Denaturation
Cadherin
7. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Secondary cell wall
Spectrin
Peptide bond
Beta barrel
8. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
DNA (location)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Chromosome
Glycerol
9. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Cytoskeleton
Phospholipid (composition)
Primary cell wall
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
10. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Beta barrel
Countertransport
Cellulose
Phospholipid (composition)
11. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Beta barrel
Extreme halophiles
Fibronectin
Chitin
12. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Alpha glucose ring
Fat (characteristics)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
13. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Bacteria
Complimentary bases
Nonpolar amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
14. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Hypercholesterolemia
Collagen
Amino acid (composition)
Plasmodesmata
15. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Chromosome
Aromatic amino acids
Flagellum
Amylopectin
16. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
First law of thermodynamics
Central vacuole
Microtubules
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Plasmodesmata
Kinesin
Phosphdiester bond
Intermediate filaments
18. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Aromatic amino acids
xtrusion
Amino acid (composition)
Fat (characteristics)
19. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
ATP (composition)
Beta glucose ring
Pyrimidines (identify)
20. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
ATP (composition)
Secondary cell wall
Hypercholesterolemia
21. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Spectrin
Chromosome
5 classes of amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
22. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Secondary level of protein structure
Flagellum
Phosphdiester bond
5 classes of amino acids
23. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Chromosome
DNA (location)
5 classes of amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
24. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Intermediate filaments
Hydrocarbons
Spectrin
Prokaryote
25. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Cadherin
Fat (composition)
Phosphdiester bond
Peptide bond
26. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
First law of thermodynamics
Purines (identify)
Differences between RNA and DNA
27. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
ATP (composition)
Extracellular matrix
Nucleotide (composition)
Archaebacteria
28. Adenine and Guanine
Extreme halophiles
Purines (identify)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Purines (characteristics)
29. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Cell Theory
Complimentary bases
Glycosidic bond
Plasmodesmata
30. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Alpha glucose ring
Glycolipids
Central vacuole
Differences between RNA and DNA
31. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Glycosidic bond
Aromatic amino acids
Glycogen
Major categories of macromolecules
32. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Dehydration synthesis
Countertransport
Desmosomes
Prokaryote
33. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Gap junction
Peptidoglycan
Antiport
Extreme thermophiles
34. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Chromosome
Prostaglandin
Cytoplasm
35. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Proteoglycans
Desmosomes
Microtubules
36. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Polar uncharged amino acids
Dynein
Glycogen
Fat (characteristics)
37. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Domains
Gap junction
Monosaccharide
Cytoskeleton
38. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Intermediate filaments
Peptidoglycan
Desmosomes
Gram positive bacteria
39. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Secondary level of protein structure
Hypercholesterolemia
Aromatic amino acids
Flagellum
40. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Dynein
C - H - O - N - S
Bacteria
Proteoglycans
41. Components of cytoskeleton
Adherins junctions
Plasmodesmata
Bacteriorhodopsin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
42. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Plasmodesmata
Peptide bond
Dynein
43. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
C - H - O - N - S
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Hypercholesterolemia
Desmosomes
44. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
Steriod
Differences between RNA and DNA
45. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Cytoplasm
Tight junctions
Chitin
Amylopectin
46. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Anchoring junction
Pyrimidines (identify)
Motifs
Archaebacteria
47. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Phosphdiester bond
Alpha glucose ring
Special function amino acids
48. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Beta barrel
Beta glucose ring
Countertransport
Glycogen
49. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Nonpolar amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cyanobacteria
Plasmodesmata
50. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Fat (characteristics)
Gram positive bacteria
Rossman fold
Hemidesmosomes