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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






2. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






3. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






4. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






5. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






6. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






7. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






8. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






9. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






10. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






11. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






12. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






13. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






14. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






15. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






16. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






17. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






18. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






19. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






20. Components of cytoskeleton






21. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






22. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






23. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






24. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






25. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






26. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






27. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






28. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






29. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






30. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






31. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






32. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






33. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






34. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






35. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






36. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






37. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






38. Adenine and Guanine






39. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






40. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






41. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






42. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






43. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






44. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






45. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






46. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






47. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






48. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






49. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






50. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids