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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






2. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






3. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






4. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






5. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






6. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






7. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






8. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






9. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






10. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






11. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






12. Two simple sugars joined together






13. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






14. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






15. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






16. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






17. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






18. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






19. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






20. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






21. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






22. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






23. Adenine and Guanine






24. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






25. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






26. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






27. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






28. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






29. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






30. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






31. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






32. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






33. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






34. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






35. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






36. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






37. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






38. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






39. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






42. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






43. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






44. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






45. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






46. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






47. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






48. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






50. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls