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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Cellulose
5 classes of amino acids
Special function amino acids
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
2. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Purines (characteristics)
First law of thermodynamics
Functions or proteins
Glycosidic bond
3. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Amino acid (composition)
Tight junctions
Flagellum
Glycogen
4. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Charged amino acids
Polar uncharged amino acids
Disaccharide
Collagen
5. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Glycogen
Hemidesmosomes
Bacteriorhodopsin
Plastids
6. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
DNA (location)
Chromosome
ATP (composition)
Complimentary bases
7. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Prostaglandin
Proteoglycans
8. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Integrins
Charged amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Alpha glucose ring
9. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Disaccharide
Hypercholesterolemia
Nucleotide (composition)
10. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Secondary level of protein structure
Beta glucose ring
Collagen
Amylopectin
11. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Peptide bond
Chromosome
Rossman fold
Glycerol
12. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Antiport
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cellulose
13. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Proteoglycans
Cytoskeleton
Cyanobacteria
First law of thermodynamics
14. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Microtubules
Gap junction
xtrusion
15. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Functions or proteins
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hypercholesterolemia
Dynein
16. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Nucleolus
Special function amino acids
Complimentary bases
Kinesin
17. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Peptide bond
Chitin
Spectrin
Hypercholesterolemia
18. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phospholipid (composition)
Proteoglycans
Phosphdiester bond
Countertransport
19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Adherins junctions
Chromosome
Primary cell wall
Desmosomes
20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
First law of thermodynamics
Spectrin
Hydrolysis
21. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Chitin
Extreme thermophiles
Gram positive bacteria
22. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Peptide bond
Miller - Urey experiment
Secondary level of protein structure
Microtubules
23. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Glycerol
Bacteria
Differences between RNA and DNA
Fibronectin
24. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Nucleolus
Hydrolysis
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Disaccharide
25. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Glycoproteins
Secondary level of protein structure
Peptide bond
Disaccharide
26. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Hemidesmosomes
Pinocytosis
Glycogen
Prostaglandin
27. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide (composition)
Anchoring junction
Complimentary bases
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
28. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
DNA (location)
Gap junction
Functions or proteins
29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Spectrin
30. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Hypercholesterolemia
Primary cell wall
Aromatic amino acids
Cytoskeleton
31. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Hydrolysis
C - H - O - N - S
Glycerol
First law of thermodynamics
32. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Alpha glucose ring
Cenriole
Gram positive bacteria
33. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Gram positive bacteria
Integrins
Bacteria
Prokaryote
34. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
C - H - O - N - S
Bacteriorhodopsin
Phosphdiester bond
Flagellum
35. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Phospholipid (composition)
Pinocytosis
Hypercholesterolemia
36. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Spectrin
Hydrocarbons
Hypercholesterolemia
Chaperone proteins
37. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Clathrin
Primary level of protein structure
Fat (composition)
Nonpolar amino acids
38. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Centrosome
Polar uncharged amino acids
First law of thermodynamics
Complimentary bases
39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Fat (characteristics)
Motifs
Peptide bond
40. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Cellulose
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Fat (characteristics)
41. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Fibronectin
Major categories of macromolecules
Starch
Chitin
42. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Prokaryote
Chaperone proteins
Glycolipids
C - H - O - N - S
43. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Cellulose
Charged amino acids
Antiport
Keratin
44. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Nucleotide (composition)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hypercholesterolemia
Integrins
45. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Extreme thermophiles
Clathrin
Glycolipids
46. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Plasmodesmata
Domains
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Amylopectin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Fat (characteristics)
Cyanobacteria
48. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Gram positive bacteria
Chromosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
49. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
First law of thermodynamics
Central vacuole
Chaperone proteins
50. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
xtrusion
Cytoplasm
Glycosidic bond
Cenriole