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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






2. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






3. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






4. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






5. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






6. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






7. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






8. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






9. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






10. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






11. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






12. Components of cytoskeleton






13. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






14. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






15. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






16. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






17. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






18. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






19. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






20. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






21. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






22. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






23. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






24. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






25. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






26. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






27. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






28. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






29. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






30. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






31. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






32. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






33. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






34. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






35. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






36. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






37. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






38. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






39. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






40. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






41. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






42. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






44. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






47. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






48. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






49. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






50. Most common atoms found in biological molecules