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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






2. Two simple sugars joined together






3. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






4. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






5. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






6. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






7. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






8. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






9. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






10. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






11. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






12. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






13. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






14. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






15. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






16. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






17. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






18. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






19. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






20. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






21. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






22. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






23. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






24. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






25. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






27. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






28. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






29. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






30. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






31. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






32. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






33. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






34. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






35. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






36. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






37. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






38. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






40. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






41. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






42. The bond between two sugar molecules






43. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






44. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






45. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






46. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






47. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






48. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






49. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






50. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium