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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






2. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






3. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






4. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






5. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






6. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






7. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






8. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






9. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






10. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






11. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






12. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






13. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






14. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






15. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






16. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






17. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






18. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






19. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






20. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






21. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






22. Two simple sugars joined together






23. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






24. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






25. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






26. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






27. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






29. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






30. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






31. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






32. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






33. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






34. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






35. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






36. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






37. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






38. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






39. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






40. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






41. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






42. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






43. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






44. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






46. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






47. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






48. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






49. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






50. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated