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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Phosphdiester bond
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Primary level of protein structure
2. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Prokaryote
Hydrocarbons
Chitin
3. Adenine and Guanine
Aromatic amino acids
Central vacuole
Purines (identify)
Glycoproteins
4. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Special function amino acids
Fibronectin
Phosphdiester bond
Dehydration synthesis
5. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Beta glucose ring
Major categories of macromolecules
Proteoglycans
Purines (characteristics)
6. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Centrosome
Nucleotide (composition)
Steriod
Glycerol
7. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Tight junctions
Bacteriorhodopsin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Rossman fold
8. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Domains
Nonpolar amino acids
Countertransport
Secondary level of protein structure
9. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Phosphdiester bond
Cenriole
Plasmodesmata
Primary cell wall
10. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Cytoskeleton
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Major categories of macromolecules
Cyanobacteria
11. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Cyanobacteria
5 classes of amino acids
Clathrin
Countertransport
12. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
5 classes of amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Monosaccharide
Extreme thermophiles
13. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Charged amino acids
Fibronectin
Secondary cell wall
14. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Integrins
Central vacuole
Alpha glucose ring
Charged amino acids
15. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Peptide bond
Dynein
Adherins junctions
ATP (composition)
16. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Charged amino acids
Centrosome
Cyanobacteria
17. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Purines (identify)
Glycosidic bond
Amino acid (composition)
Cell Theory
18. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Archaebacteria
First law of thermodynamics
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
19. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Nonpolar amino acids
Extreme halophiles
Major categories of macromolecules
Rossman fold
20. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Centrosome
Hemidesmosomes
Flagellum
Extreme halophiles
21. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Collagen
Plasmodesmata
Cytoplasm
22. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Cytoplasm
Primary level of protein structure
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Chitin
23. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Miller - Urey experiment
Methanogens
Antiport
Anchoring junction
24. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Collagen
Phosphdiester bond
Domains
Clathrin
25. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Adherins junctions
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Intermediate filaments
Tertiaty level of protein structure
26. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Domains
Collagen
Amylopectin
Glycerol
27. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Dynein
Phosphdiester bond
Differences between RNA and DNA
28. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
xtrusion
Phospholipid (composition)
Intermediate filaments
29. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Tertiaty level of protein structure
xtrusion
Purines (characteristics)
Alpha glucose ring
30. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Central vacuole
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cytoskeleton
31. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Fibronectin
Archaebacteria
Bacteriorhodopsin
32. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fat (composition)
Antiport
Fatty acid
Centrosome
33. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Miller - Urey experiment
Bacteriorhodopsin
Cadherin
Gram positive bacteria
34. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Glycolipids
Cytoplasm
Disaccharide
35. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Adherins junctions
Microtubules
Cenriole
Archaebacteria
36. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Glycoproteins
Special function amino acids
Countertransport
Collagen
37. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Flagellum
Steriod
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Hypercholesterolemia
38. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Domains
Phospholipid (composition)
Integrins
Glycerol
39. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
5 classes of amino acids
Polar uncharged amino acids
Hemidesmosomes
Fat (characteristics)
40. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Dehydration synthesis
Quaternary level of protein structure
ATP (composition)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
41. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Amylopectin
Hypercholesterolemia
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Prostaglandin
42. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Desmosomes
Archaebacteria
Dehydration synthesis
xtrusion
43. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Prostaglandin
Extracellular matrix
Countertransport
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
44. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Disaccharide
Countertransport
Intermediate filaments
45. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Polar uncharged amino acids
Gram positive bacteria
Gap junction
Hemidesmosomes
46. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Hypercholesterolemia
Fatty acid
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Adherins junctions
47. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Steriod
Hydrocarbons
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
48. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Tight junctions
Bacteria
Phosphdiester bond
Rossman fold
49. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Chromosome
Cellulose
Extreme halophiles
50. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Phosphdiester bond
Complimentary bases
Archaebacteria
Rossman fold