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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






2. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






3. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






4. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






5. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






6. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






7. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






9. Two simple sugars joined together






10. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






11. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






12. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






13. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






14. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






15. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






17. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






18. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






19. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






20. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






21. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






22. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






23. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






24. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






25. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






26. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






27. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






28. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






29. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






30. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






31. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






32. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






33. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






34. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






35. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






36. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






37. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






38. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






39. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






40. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






41. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






43. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






44. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






45. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






46. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






47. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






48. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






49. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






50. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell