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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrocarbons
Major categories of macromolecules
2. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Cell Theory
Fat (characteristics)
Functions or proteins
Aromatic amino acids
3. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Steriod
Anchoring junction
Starch
Cyanobacteria
4. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Nucleotide (composition)
Methanogens
Complimentary bases
Purines (characteristics)
5. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Countertransport
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Fibronectin
Miller - Urey experiment
6. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Hypercholesterolemia
Fat (characteristics)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
7. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Cell Theory
Complimentary bases
Alpha glucose ring
8. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
C - H - O - N - S
Anchoring junction
Pinocytosis
Methanogens
9. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Secondary cell wall
Fibronectin
Quaternary level of protein structure
10. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Peptide bond
Bacteria
11. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
xtrusion
Desmosomes
Phospholipid (composition)
12. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Flagellum
Denaturation
Hypercholesterolemia
Miller - Urey experiment
13. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Glycerol
Purines (characteristics)
Starch
14. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Middle lamella
Miller - Urey experiment
Extreme halophiles
Monosaccharide
15. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Spectrin
Dehydration synthesis
Chromosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
16. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Prostaglandin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Purines (characteristics)
17. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Domains
Glycosidic bond
Kinesin
Hydrolysis
18. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Plastids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Secondary cell wall
Extracellular matrix
19. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Pinocytosis
Hydrocarbons
Prokaryote
Chaperone proteins
20. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Special function amino acids
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
DNA (location)
Peptidoglycan
21. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
Aromatic amino acids
Cytoplasm
Cadherin
22. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Intermediate filaments
Gap junction
Amylose
23. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Dynein
Amino acid (composition)
Chromosome
24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Anchoring junction
Glycerol
Pyrimidines (identify)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Hydrolysis
Adherins junctions
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cytoplasm
26. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Cellulose
First law of thermodynamics
Plastids
Primary cell wall
27. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
DNA (location)
Fat (composition)
Chitin
Rossman fold
28. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Beta barrel
Cyanobacteria
Special function amino acids
29. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Peptide bond
Secondary cell wall
Archaebacteria
Domains
30. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Methanogens
Glycerol
Amino acid (composition)
Prokaryote
31. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Countertransport
Steriod
Glycolipids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
32. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Quaternary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
Major categories of macromolecules
33. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Primary level of protein structure
Glycosidic bond
Anchoring junction
Fatty acid
34. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Major categories of macromolecules
xtrusion
Bacteriorhodopsin
Cellulose
35. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Major categories of macromolecules
Clathrin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hydrocarbons
36. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Kinesin
Hydrolysis
Pyrimidines (identify)
37. The bond between two sugar molecules
Primary level of protein structure
Middle lamella
Glycosidic bond
Clathrin
38. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Fat (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
Proteoglycans
Pyrimidines (identify)
39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Amylose
Chromosome
Middle lamella
Quaternary level of protein structure
40. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Secondary cell wall
Peptide bond
Countertransport
First law of thermodynamics
41. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Hemidesmosomes
Polar uncharged amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
42. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Microtubules
Hypercholesterolemia
Phosphdiester bond
Glycoproteins
43. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Collagen
Hydrolysis
5 classes of amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules
44. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Clathrin
Hypercholesterolemia
45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Anchoring junction
Primary level of protein structure
46. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Glycoproteins
Cell Theory
5 classes of amino acids
Disaccharide
47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Prostaglandin
Proteoglycans
Countertransport
48. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Plasmodesmata
Peptidoglycan
Domains
Glycolipids
49. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Intermediate filaments
Integrins
Adherins junctions
Secondary level of protein structure
50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
xtrusion
Beta barrel
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Starch
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