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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






2. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






3. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






4. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






5. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






6. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






7. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






8. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






9. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






10. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






11. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






12. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






13. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






14. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






15. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






16. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






17. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






18. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






19. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






20. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






21. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






22. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






23. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






24. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






25. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






26. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






27. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






28. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






29. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






30. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






31. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






32. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






33. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






34. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






35. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






37. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






38. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






39. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






40. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






41. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






42. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






43. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






44. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






45. Two simple sugars joined together






46. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






47. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






48. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






49. Components of cytoskeleton






50. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior