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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Collagen
Cenriole
2. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Beta glucose ring
Extreme thermophiles
Flagellum
Adherins junctions
3. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Primary level of protein structure
Fat (composition)
Motifs
Major categories of macromolecules
4. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Centrosome
Anchoring junction
Cytoplasm
Chromosome
5. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Archaebacteria
Cellulose
Nonpolar amino acids
6. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Chromosome
Fibronectin
Anchoring junction
Gram positive bacteria
7. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Cellulose
Domains
Pyrimidines (identify)
8. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Functions or proteins
Monosaccharide
Hydrocarbons
DNA (location)
9. Adenine and Guanine
Desmosomes
Amylopectin
Denaturation
Purines (identify)
10. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Disaccharide
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Motifs
Integrins
11. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Middle lamella
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Keratin
Monosaccharide
12. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Extreme thermophiles
Fat (characteristics)
Fibronectin
Hemidesmosomes
13. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Miller - Urey experiment
Cytoplasm
Charged amino acids
Chaperone proteins
14. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Nucleolus
Keratin
Anchoring junction
15. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Desmosomes
Cyanobacteria
Hypercholesterolemia
Prokaryote
16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
ATP (composition)
Adherins junctions
Amino acid (composition)
xtrusion
17. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Cadherin
Differences between RNA and DNA
xtrusion
18. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Cell Theory
Peptide bond
Central vacuole
Peptidoglycan
19. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Countertransport
Rossman fold
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Gram positive bacteria
20. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Steriod
Fibronectin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
21. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Bacteria
Bacteriorhodopsin
Domains
22. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Pinocytosis
Integrins
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Plastids
23. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Chaperone proteins
Rossman fold
Countertransport
24. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Alpha glucose ring
Prokaryote
Charged amino acids
Glycosidic bond
25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Hydrocarbons
Chromosome
Nucleolus
26. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Rossman fold
DNA (location)
Gap junction
Primary cell wall
27. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
First law of thermodynamics
Major categories of macromolecules
Glycoproteins
28. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Cyanobacteria
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Aromatic amino acids
Rossman fold
29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Desmosomes
Major categories of macromolecules
Glycolipids
5 classes of amino acids
30. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
DNA (location)
Gram positive bacteria
Major categories of macromolecules
31. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Aromatic amino acids
Miller - Urey experiment
Secondary level of protein structure
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
32. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Fatty acid
Methanogens
Spectrin
Plasmodesmata
33. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Quaternary level of protein structure
Purines (characteristics)
Glycogen
Peptide bond
34. Components of cytoskeleton
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Cadherin
Integrins
Hydrocarbons
35. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Methanogens
Flagellum
Fat (composition)
Adherins junctions
36. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Nucleotide (composition)
Beta glucose ring
Complimentary bases
37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Secondary cell wall
Beta barrel
Glycolipids
Purines (characteristics)
38. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Purines (identify)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Amylose
39. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Centrosome
Phospholipid (composition)
Cytoplasm
Miller - Urey experiment
40. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Extreme halophiles
Cellulose
Fibronectin
Cyanobacteria
41. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Adherins junctions
Pinocytosis
Glycogen
Peptidoglycan
42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Prokaryote
Secondary cell wall
Extracellular matrix
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Beta glucose ring
Quaternary level of protein structure
Adherins junctions
44. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Amino acid (composition)
Centrosome
Beta glucose ring
Gram positive bacteria
45. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Denaturation
Purines (identify)
46. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Fat (characteristics)
Glycosidic bond
Countertransport
Chaperone proteins
47. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Starch
ATP (composition)
Flagellum
Prostaglandin
48. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Desmosomes
ATP (composition)
Chaperone proteins
Aromatic amino acids
49. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Gap junction
Cell Theory
Polar uncharged amino acids
Pinocytosis
50. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Extreme thermophiles
Pinocytosis
Nonpolar amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules