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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






2. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






3. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






4. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






5. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






6. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






7. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






8. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






9. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






10. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






11. Adenine and Guanine






12. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






13. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






14. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






15. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






16. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






17. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






18. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






19. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






20. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






21. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






22. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






23. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






24. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






25. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






26. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






27. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






28. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






29. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






30. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






31. Two simple sugars joined together






32. Components of cytoskeleton






33. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






34. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






35. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






36. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






37. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






38. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






39. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






40. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






41. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






42. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






43. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






44. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






45. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






46. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






47. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






48. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






49. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains