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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Integrins
Fatty acid
Chromosome
2. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Integrins
Purines (characteristics)
Motifs
Hydrocarbons
3. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Kinesin
Fatty acid
Major categories of macromolecules
4. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Phosphdiester bond
Bacteria
Glycoproteins
Dynein
5. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Archaebacteria
Secondary cell wall
Extreme thermophiles
6. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Rossman fold
Quaternary level of protein structure
Extreme halophiles
7. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Charged amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
Primary cell wall
Glycogen
8. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Dehydration synthesis
Quaternary level of protein structure
Anchoring junction
Secondary cell wall
9. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Dehydration synthesis
Keratin
First law of thermodynamics
10. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Miller - Urey experiment
Beta glucose ring
Fat (composition)
Peptide bond
11. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
xtrusion
Centrosome
Countertransport
12. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Chromosome
Centrosome
Countertransport
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
13. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Secondary cell wall
Quaternary level of protein structure
Plastids
Countertransport
14. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Domains
Polar uncharged amino acids
Keratin
15. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Prokaryote
Gram positive bacteria
Glycogen
Intermediate filaments
16. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Microtubules
Glycoproteins
Anchoring junction
17. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Cytoplasm
Hydrolysis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Denaturation
18. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Amino acid (composition)
Clathrin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Desmosomes
19. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Gap junction
Methanogens
Peptidoglycan
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
20. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
xtrusion
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Proteoglycans
Fibronectin
21. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Fibronectin
Purines (identify)
Intermediate filaments
Tertiaty level of protein structure
22. Two simple sugars joined together
Cenriole
Differences between RNA and DNA
Dehydration synthesis
Disaccharide
23. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Extreme thermophiles
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Miller - Urey experiment
Extracellular matrix
24. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Starch
Extreme thermophiles
Hypercholesterolemia
Functions or proteins
25. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Hypercholesterolemia
Primary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
Amylopectin
26. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Pyrimidines (identify)
5 classes of amino acids
Intermediate filaments
Countertransport
27. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Complimentary bases
Hemidesmosomes
Nucleotide (composition)
28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Keratin
Integrins
Pinocytosis
Miller - Urey experiment
29. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Nucleolus
Alpha glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
30. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Spectrin
Motifs
Tight junctions
31. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Desmosomes
xtrusion
Denaturation
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
32. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Major categories of macromolecules
Phospholipid (composition)
Cellulose
33. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Fatty acid
Antiport
Amylopectin
Nucleolus
34. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Domains
Polar uncharged amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
Chitin
35. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Fatty acid
Cellulose
Cenriole
Monosaccharide
36. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Bacteria
Hydrolysis
ATP (composition)
Adherins junctions
37. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Anchoring junction
Nucleolus
Tight junctions
Secondary level of protein structure
38. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Clathrin
Amylose
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Domains
39. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Countertransport
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Kinesin
Amino acid (composition)
40. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
First law of thermodynamics
Tight junctions
Complimentary bases
Fatty acid
41. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Hemidesmosomes
Integrins
Extracellular matrix
DNA (location)
42. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Denaturation
Central vacuole
ATP (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
43. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Denaturation
First law of thermodynamics
Rossman fold
44. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Motifs
Glycosidic bond
Chromosome
Cytoskeleton
45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Proteoglycans
Anchoring junction
Glycolipids
Chaperone proteins
46. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Glycogen
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Plastids
Central vacuole
47. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Clathrin
DNA (location)
Tight junctions
Methanogens
48. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Plasmodesmata
Primary cell wall
Intermediate filaments
Desmosomes
49. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Countertransport
Pinocytosis
Glycosidic bond
Gap junction
50. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Plastids
Desmosomes
Starch
Fat (characteristics)