Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






2. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






3. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






4. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






5. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






6. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






7. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






8. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






9. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






10. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






11. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






12. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






13. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






14. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






15. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






16. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






17. Adenine and Guanine






18. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






19. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






20. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






21. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






22. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






23. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






24. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






25. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






26. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






27. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






28. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






29. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






30. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






31. The bond between two sugar molecules






32. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






33. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






34. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






35. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






36. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






37. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






38. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






39. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






40. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






41. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






42. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






43. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






44. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






45. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






46. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






47. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






48. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






49. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






50. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.