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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






2. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






3. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






4. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






5. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






6. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






7. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






8. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






9. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






10. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






11. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






12. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






13. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






14. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






15. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






16. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






17. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






20. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






21. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






22. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






23. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






25. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






26. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






27. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






28. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






29. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






30. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






31. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






32. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






33. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






34. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






35. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






36. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






37. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






38. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






39. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






40. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






41. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






42. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






45. Adenine and Guanine






46. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






47. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






48. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






49. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






50. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today