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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






2. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






3. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






4. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






5. Adenine and Guanine






6. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






7. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






8. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






9. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






10. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






11. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






12. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






13. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






14. The bond between two sugar molecules






15. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






17. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






18. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






19. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






20. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






21. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






22. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






23. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






24. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






25. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






26. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






27. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






28. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






29. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






30. Components of cytoskeleton






31. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






32. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






33. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






34. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






35. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






36. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






37. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






38. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






39. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






40. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






41. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






42. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






43. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






44. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






45. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






46. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






47. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






48. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






49. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






50. Energy cannot be created or destroyed