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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






2. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






3. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






4. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






5. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






6. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






7. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






8. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






9. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






10. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






11. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






12. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






13. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






14. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






15. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






16. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






17. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






18. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






19. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






20. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






21. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






22. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






23. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






24. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






25. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






26. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






27. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






28. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






29. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






30. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






31. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






32. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






33. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






34. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






36. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






37. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






38. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






39. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






40. Two simple sugars joined together






41. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






42. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






43. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






44. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






45. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






46. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






47. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






48. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






49. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






50. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine







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