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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






2. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






3. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






4. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






5. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






6. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






7. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






8. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






9. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






10. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






11. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






12. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






13. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






14. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






15. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






16. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






17. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






18. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






19. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






20. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






21. Two simple sugars joined together






22. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






23. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






24. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






27. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






28. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






29. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






30. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






31. Adenine and Guanine






32. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






33. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






34. The bond between two sugar molecules






35. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






36. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






37. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






38. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






39. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






40. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






41. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






42. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






43. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






44. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






45. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






46. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






47. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






48. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






49. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






50. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.