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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






2. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






3. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






4. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






5. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






6. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






7. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






8. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






9. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






10. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






11. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






12. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






13. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






14. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






15. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






16. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






17. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






18. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






19. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






20. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






21. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






22. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






23. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






24. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






25. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






26. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






27. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






28. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






30. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






31. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






32. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






33. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






34. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






35. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






36. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






37. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






38. Components of cytoskeleton






39. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






40. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






41. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






43. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






44. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






45. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






46. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






47. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






48. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






49. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






50. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out