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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Gram positive bacteria
ATP (composition)
Functions or proteins
2. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
xtrusion
Keratin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
3. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Nucleolus
Cytoskeleton
Special function amino acids
Glycogen
4. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Peptidoglycan
Motifs
Plastids
Secondary level of protein structure
5. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
Special function amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Prokaryote
6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Motifs
Anchoring junction
Monosaccharide
Phosphdiester bond
7. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Glycosidic bond
Prostaglandin
Miller - Urey experiment
Glycolipids
8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Prokaryote
Chaperone proteins
Cytoplasm
9. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Cyanobacteria
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Fibronectin
10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
Countertransport
Pinocytosis
Centrosome
11. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Amylose
Denaturation
First law of thermodynamics
Extreme halophiles
12. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Secondary cell wall
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Clathrin
13. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Cytoskeleton
Peptidoglycan
xtrusion
Middle lamella
14. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Chaperone proteins
Cyanobacteria
Archaebacteria
Functions or proteins
15. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Keratin
Gap junction
Miller - Urey experiment
Cytoskeleton
16. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Kinesin
Extracellular matrix
Methanogens
17. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Fat (characteristics)
Primary cell wall
Motifs
Phosphdiester bond
18. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
DNA (location)
Major categories of macromolecules
Cellulose
Extracellular matrix
19. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Cenriole
Microtubules
Collagen
Charged amino acids
20. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Chromosome
Intermediate filaments
Prostaglandin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
21. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Amylose
22. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Antiport
Domains
Extreme thermophiles
Plastids
23. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Disaccharide
Prokaryote
xtrusion
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
24. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Peptide bond
Functions or proteins
Domains
Primary level of protein structure
25. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Antiport
Hydrocarbons
Collagen
Fat (composition)
26. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Plasmodesmata
Purines (characteristics)
27. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Spectrin
ATP (composition)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Fibronectin
28. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Cell Theory
Tertiaty level of protein structure
First law of thermodynamics
Methanogens
29. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Major categories of macromolecules
Plastids
Bacteria
C - H - O - N - S
30. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Centrosome
Antiport
Chaperone proteins
Steriod
31. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Integrins
Motifs
ATP (composition)
Phosphdiester bond
32. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Desmosomes
Complimentary bases
Microtubules
33. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
5 classes of amino acids
Integrins
Bacteria
Rossman fold
34. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Major categories of macromolecules
Cadherin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Functions or proteins
35. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Methanogens
Proteoglycans
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Desmosomes
36. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Special function amino acids
Glycoproteins
Hemidesmosomes
Beta glucose ring
37. Two simple sugars joined together
Microtubules
Cytoskeleton
Middle lamella
Disaccharide
38. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Peptide bond
Beta barrel
Extreme thermophiles
39. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Chromosome
Intermediate filaments
Nucleotide (composition)
DNA (location)
40. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Glycolipids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Middle lamella
Kinesin
41. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Pinocytosis
Glycoproteins
Prokaryote
Nucleotide (composition)
42. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Dehydration synthesis
DNA (location)
Glycogen
43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Aromatic amino acids
xtrusion
Beta barrel
Special function amino acids
44. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Hydrolysis
Cadherin
First law of thermodynamics
Integrins
45. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Hydrolysis
Chromosome
Functions or proteins
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
46. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Purines (identify)
Chitin
Amylopectin
Extreme thermophiles
47. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteria
Cadherin
Bacteriorhodopsin
Chromosome
48. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Extreme halophiles
Disaccharide
Cadherin
49. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Keratin
Starch
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Countertransport
50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Secondary cell wall
Cyanobacteria
Phospholipid (composition)
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