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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






2. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






3. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






4. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






5. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






7. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






8. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






9. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






10. Adenine and Guanine






11. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






12. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






13. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






14. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






15. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






16. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






17. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






18. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






19. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






20. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






21. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






22. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






23. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






24. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






25. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






26. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






27. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






28. Two simple sugars joined together






29. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






30. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






31. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






32. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






33. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






34. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






35. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






36. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






37. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






38. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






39. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






40. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






41. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






42. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






43. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






44. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






45. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






46. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






47. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






48. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






49. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






50. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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