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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






2. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






3. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






4. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






5. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






6. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






7. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






8. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






9. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






10. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






11. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






12. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






13. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






14. Adenine and Guanine






15. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






16. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






17. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






18. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






19. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






20. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






21. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






22. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






23. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






24. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






25. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






26. Components of cytoskeleton






27. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






28. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






29. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






30. Two simple sugars joined together






31. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






32. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






33. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






34. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






36. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






37. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






38. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






39. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






40. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






41. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






42. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






43. The bond between two sugar molecules






44. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






46. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






47. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






48. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






49. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






50. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain