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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






2. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






3. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






4. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






5. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






6. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






7. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






9. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






10. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






11. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






12. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






13. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






14. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






15. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






16. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






17. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






18. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






19. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






20. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






21. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






22. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






23. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






24. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






25. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






26. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






27. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






28. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






29. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






30. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






31. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






32. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






33. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






34. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






35. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






36. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






37. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






38. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






39. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






40. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






41. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






42. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






43. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






44. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






45. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






46. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






47. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






48. The bond between two sugar molecules






49. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






50. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain