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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






2. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






3. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






4. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






5. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






6. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






7. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






8. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






9. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






10. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






11. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






12. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






13. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






14. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






15. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






16. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






17. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






18. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






19. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






20. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






21. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






22. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






23. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






24. Adenine and Guanine






25. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






26. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






27. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






28. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






29. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






30. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






31. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






32. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






33. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






34. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






35. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






36. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






37. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






38. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






39. Two simple sugars joined together






40. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






41. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






42. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






43. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






44. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






45. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






46. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






47. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






48. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






49. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells