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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






2. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






3. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






4. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






5. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






7. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






9. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






11. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






12. The bond between two sugar molecules






13. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






14. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






15. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






16. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






17. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






18. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






19. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






20. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






21. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






22. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






23. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






24. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






25. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






26. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






27. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






28. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






29. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






30. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






31. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






32. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






33. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






34. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






35. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






36. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






37. Two simple sugars joined together






38. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






39. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






40. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






41. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






42. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






44. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






45. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






46. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






47. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






48. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






49. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains







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