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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






2. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






3. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






4. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






5. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






6. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






7. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






8. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






9. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






10. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






11. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






12. Adenine and Guanine






13. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






14. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






15. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






17. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






18. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






19. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






20. Components of cytoskeleton






21. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






22. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






23. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






24. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






26. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






27. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






28. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






29. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






30. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






31. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






32. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






33. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






34. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






35. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






36. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






37. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






38. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






39. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






40. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






41. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






42. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






43. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






44. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






45. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






46. Two simple sugars joined together






47. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






48. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






50. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries







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