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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Middle lamella
Cellulose
Cadherin
Proteoglycans
2. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Monosaccharide
Purines (characteristics)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Alpha glucose ring
3. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Proteoglycans
Monosaccharide
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Tight junctions
4. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Fat (characteristics)
Fibronectin
Intermediate filaments
5. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Glycerol
Central vacuole
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cell Theory
6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Fat (characteristics)
Countertransport
Monosaccharide
Alpha glucose ring
7. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Hydrolysis
Amylose
Monosaccharide
8. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Chromosome
Denaturation
Glycosidic bond
Extreme halophiles
9. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Glycerol
Adherins junctions
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide (composition)
10. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Charged amino acids
Alpha glucose ring
Fat (characteristics)
Fibronectin
11. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
xtrusion
Antiport
Dynein
Anchoring junction
12. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Fatty acid
Centrosome
Hypercholesterolemia
Charged amino acids
13. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Methanogens
Motifs
Differences between RNA and DNA
Alpha glucose ring
14. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycogen
Glycoproteins
Hydrocarbons
Nucleotide (composition)
15. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
DNA (location)
Beta glucose ring
Amino acid (composition)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Steriod
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Fat (composition)
Aromatic amino acids
17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Prostaglandin
Intermediate filaments
Central vacuole
Secondary level of protein structure
18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Keratin
Kinesin
Primary level of protein structure
Beta glucose ring
19. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
ATP (composition)
Proteoglycans
Middle lamella
20. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Kinesin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Disaccharide
Tertiaty level of protein structure
21. Components of cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Glycolipids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Pyrimidines (identify)
22. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Primary cell wall
Purines (identify)
Extreme thermophiles
23. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Aromatic amino acids
Bacteriorhodopsin
Gram positive bacteria
Quaternary level of protein structure
24. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Monosaccharide
Denaturation
Domains
Amylose
25. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Countertransport
Secondary cell wall
Nucleolus
26. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Complimentary bases
Special function amino acids
Cenriole
Collagen
27. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Glycerol
Phosphdiester bond
Hydrolysis
Extracellular matrix
28. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Clathrin
Kinesin
Secondary level of protein structure
Fat (composition)
29. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Fat (composition)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cell Theory
Pyrimidines (identify)
30. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Pyrimidines (identify)
Beta barrel
Prostaglandin
Peptide bond
31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Collagen
Differences between RNA and DNA
Fat (composition)
Bacteriorhodopsin
32. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Cytoplasm
Countertransport
Beta barrel
ATP (composition)
33. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Dehydration synthesis
Charged amino acids
Cadherin
Adherins junctions
34. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Primary cell wall
Desmosomes
Amino acid (composition)
Cellulose
35. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Cellulose
Adherins junctions
Nonpolar amino acids
Primary level of protein structure
36. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Secondary level of protein structure
Fat (characteristics)
5 classes of amino acids
Dynein
37. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Spectrin
Phospholipid (composition)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Cenriole
38. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Hemidesmosomes
Microtubules
Fatty acid
Alpha glucose ring
39. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Plastids
Tight junctions
Denaturation
40. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Primary cell wall
First law of thermodynamics
5 classes of amino acids
41. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Cellulose
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Pinocytosis
Flagellum
42. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Gap junction
Cytoplasm
Extracellular matrix
43. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Glycogen
Extreme halophiles
Nucleotide (composition)
44. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Plastids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Methanogens
45. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Tight junctions
Beta glucose ring
Cellulose
Amylose
46. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Central vacuole
Antiport
Primary level of protein structure
xtrusion
47. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Phosphdiester bond
Miller - Urey experiment
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
C - H - O - N - S
48. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Integrins
Fat (characteristics)
Glycoproteins
xtrusion
49. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Amylose
Steriod
Prostaglandin
Peptide bond
50. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
ATP (composition)
Secondary cell wall
Archaebacteria