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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Archaebacteria
Chitin
Tight junctions
Flagellum
2. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Functions or proteins
Fibronectin
Bacteria
Alpha glucose ring
3. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Collagen
Countertransport
Middle lamella
Fatty acid
4. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Beta barrel
Flagellum
Glycosidic bond
5. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Methanogens
Clathrin
Central vacuole
Integrins
6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Purines (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
Phosphdiester bond
Intermediate filaments
7. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Hydrolysis
Amino acid (composition)
Microtubules
8. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Fat (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Clathrin
9. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Miller - Urey experiment
Fibronectin
Middle lamella
Keratin
10. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
xtrusion
Intermediate filaments
Starch
Plastids
11. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Purines (identify)
Gram positive bacteria
Bacteria
ATP (composition)
12. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Amylose
Chromosome
Centrosome
Glycoproteins
13. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Secondary level of protein structure
Cyanobacteria
Nonpolar amino acids
14. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
C - H - O - N - S
Cenriole
Hydrolysis
Starch
15. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Cellulose
Steriod
Kinesin
Purines (identify)
16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Polar uncharged amino acids
Microtubules
Hydrocarbons
Adherins junctions
17. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Chitin
Starch
Purines (characteristics)
Alpha glucose ring
18. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Alpha glucose ring
Domains
Tight junctions
19. Adenine and Guanine
Fat (characteristics)
Glycosidic bond
Beta barrel
Purines (identify)
20. Two simple sugars joined together
Rossman fold
Cenriole
Bacteriorhodopsin
Disaccharide
21. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Centrosome
Methanogens
Hydrolysis
Miller - Urey experiment
22. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Pyrimidines (identify)
Phosphdiester bond
Intermediate filaments
5 classes of amino acids
23. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Adherins junctions
Tight junctions
xtrusion
24. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Primary cell wall
Extreme halophiles
C - H - O - N - S
25. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Kinesin
Countertransport
Plastids
26. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Bacteriorhodopsin
Microtubules
Prokaryote
Dehydration synthesis
27. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Secondary level of protein structure
Phosphdiester bond
xtrusion
Nonpolar amino acids
28. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Bacteria
Plasmodesmata
Gram positive bacteria
Fat (composition)
29. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Secondary level of protein structure
Microtubules
Hydrocarbons
Flagellum
30. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
ATP (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Amylopectin
Antiport
31. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Archaebacteria
Plastids
Phosphdiester bond
Prostaglandin
32. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Glycogen
Cytoskeleton
Differences between RNA and DNA
33. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Hypercholesterolemia
Phosphdiester bond
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Functions or proteins
34. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Glycolipids
Bacteriorhodopsin
Amino acid (composition)
35. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Desmosomes
Central vacuole
Cytoplasm
Miller - Urey experiment
36. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Cell Theory
Tight junctions
Secondary level of protein structure
37. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Adherins junctions
Beta glucose ring
Cadherin
Hypercholesterolemia
38. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Cell Theory
Middle lamella
Beta barrel
Extreme thermophiles
39. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Special function amino acids
Antiport
Pyrimidines (identify)
Charged amino acids
40. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Integrins
Rossman fold
Secondary cell wall
Archaebacteria
41. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Nucleotide (composition)
Cytoplasm
Prostaglandin
Primary cell wall
42. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Miller - Urey experiment
Centrosome
Cytoplasm
Aromatic amino acids
43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Monosaccharide
Amylose
Chitin
Methanogens
44. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Cellulose
Extreme thermophiles
C - H - O - N - S
Flagellum
45. The bond between two sugar molecules
Chaperone proteins
Chitin
Cenriole
Glycosidic bond
46. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Centrosome
Steriod
Disaccharide
Amylose
47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Gram positive bacteria
Charged amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Extreme halophiles
48. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Gram positive bacteria
Archaebacteria
Antiport
Phosphdiester bond
49. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Phospholipid (composition)
Flagellum
Cytoskeleton
50. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Secondary cell wall
Pinocytosis
Aromatic amino acids
Beta barrel