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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between two sugar molecules






2. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






3. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






4. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






5. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






6. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






7. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






8. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






9. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






10. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






11. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






12. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






13. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






14. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






15. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






16. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






17. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






18. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






19. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






20. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






21. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






22. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






23. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






24. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






25. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






26. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






27. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






28. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






29. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






30. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






31. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






32. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






33. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






34. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






35. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






36. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






37. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






38. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






39. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






40. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






41. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






42. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






43. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






44. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






45. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






46. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






47. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






48. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






49. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution