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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






3. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






4. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






5. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






6. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






7. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






8. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






9. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






10. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






11. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






12. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






13. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






14. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






15. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






16. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






18. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






21. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






22. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






23. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






24. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






25. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






26. The bond between two sugar molecules






27. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






28. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






29. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






30. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






31. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






32. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






33. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






34. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






35. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






37. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






38. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






40. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






41. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






42. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






43. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






44. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






45. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






46. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






47. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






48. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






49. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






50. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior