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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






2. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






3. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






4. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






5. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






7. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






8. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






9. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






10. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






11. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






12. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






13. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






14. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






15. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






16. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






17. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






18. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






19. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






21. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






22. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






23. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






24. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






26. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






27. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






28. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






30. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






31. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






32. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






33. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






34. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






37. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






38. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






39. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






40. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






41. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






42. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






43. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






44. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






45. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






46. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






47. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






48. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






49. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






50. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline