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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






2. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






3. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






4. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






5. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






6. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






7. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






8. Adenine and Guanine






9. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






10. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






11. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






12. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






13. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






14. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






15. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






17. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






18. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






19. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






20. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






21. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






22. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






23. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






24. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






25. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






26. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






27. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






28. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






29. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






30. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






31. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






32. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






33. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






34. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






35. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






36. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






37. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






38. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






39. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






40. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






41. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






42. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






43. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






44. Two simple sugars joined together






45. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






46. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






47. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






48. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






49. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






50. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls