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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






2. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






3. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






4. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






6. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






7. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






8. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






9. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






10. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






11. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






12. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






13. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






14. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






15. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






16. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






17. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






18. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






19. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






20. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






21. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






22. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






23. Components of cytoskeleton






24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






25. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






26. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






27. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






28. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






29. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






30. The bond between two sugar molecules






31. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






32. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






33. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






34. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






35. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






37. Two simple sugars joined together






38. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






40. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






41. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






42. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






43. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






44. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






45. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






46. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






47. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






48. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






49. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






50. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.