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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






2. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






3. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






4. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






5. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






6. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






7. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






9. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






10. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






11. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






12. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






13. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






14. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






15. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






16. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






17. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






18. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






19. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






20. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






21. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






22. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






23. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






24. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






25. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






26. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






27. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






28. Components of cytoskeleton






29. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






30. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






31. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






32. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






33. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






34. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






35. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






36. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






37. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






38. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






39. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






40. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






41. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






42. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






43. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






44. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






45. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






46. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






47. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






48. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






49. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






50. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.