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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Integrins
Clathrin
Peptide bond
Prokaryote
2. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Cadherin
Beta barrel
Fat (characteristics)
Chaperone proteins
3. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Glycolipids
Extracellular matrix
Middle lamella
Amylose
4. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Microtubules
Antiport
Glycoproteins
5. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Motifs
Glycogen
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Purines (identify)
6. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Methanogens
Major categories of macromolecules
Hydrocarbons
Denaturation
7. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Steriod
Chitin
Amylose
8. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Pyrimidines (identify)
Glycogen
Differences between RNA and DNA
9. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Fat (composition)
Extreme thermophiles
Keratin
Fibronectin
10. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Archaebacteria
C - H - O - N - S
Extreme thermophiles
5 classes of amino acids
11. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Microtubules
Purines (characteristics)
Bacteriorhodopsin
12. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Polar uncharged amino acids
Antiport
Central vacuole
Miller - Urey experiment
13. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Differences between RNA and DNA
Amylopectin
Anchoring junction
14. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Extreme thermophiles
Pinocytosis
Antiport
15. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Gap junction
Fat (characteristics)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hydrocarbons
16. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Adherins junctions
Fat (composition)
Differences between RNA and DNA
17. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Centrosome
Purines (characteristics)
Intermediate filaments
18. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Central vacuole
Fibronectin
Nucleolus
Monosaccharide
19. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Cytoskeleton
Archaebacteria
Extracellular matrix
Fat (composition)
20. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Gram positive bacteria
Extracellular matrix
C - H - O - N - S
Bacteria
21. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hemidesmosomes
Prostaglandin
Fibronectin
22. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Gap junction
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Phosphdiester bond
23. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Hydrocarbons
Amylopectin
Starch
24. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Cytoplasm
Extreme thermophiles
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Amylopectin
25. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Amylose
Alpha glucose ring
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Flagellum
26. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Pyrimidines (identify)
Spectrin
xtrusion
Fatty acid
27. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Chaperone proteins
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hydrocarbons
28. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Prostaglandin
Starch
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Nucleotide (composition)
29. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Cytoplasm
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cell Theory
Dynein
30. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Central vacuole
Prokaryote
Chitin
Dynein
31. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Aromatic amino acids
Cyanobacteria
Gap junction
Integrins
32. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Functions or proteins
Nucleolus
Quaternary level of protein structure
33. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Purines (identify)
Chromosome
Desmosomes
34. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
Intermediate filaments
Antiport
Gram positive bacteria
35. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Aromatic amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
Integrins
36. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Countertransport
Nucleotide (composition)
ATP (composition)
Plasmodesmata
37. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Fibronectin
Secondary cell wall
Fatty acid
Collagen
38. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Plasmodesmata
xtrusion
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
ATP (composition)
39. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Methanogens
Primary level of protein structure
Adherins junctions
Proteoglycans
40. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Secondary cell wall
Secondary level of protein structure
Archaebacteria
Amylopectin
41. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Kinesin
Fat (composition)
Glycoproteins
Beta glucose ring
42. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Chitin
Proteoglycans
Glycolipids
Primary cell wall
43. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Purines (identify)
Clathrin
Hemidesmosomes
Chaperone proteins
44. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Beta glucose ring
Anchoring junction
Motifs
45. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Amylose
Tight junctions
Plasmodesmata
Polar uncharged amino acids
46. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Proteoglycans
Intermediate filaments
Functions or proteins
Extreme thermophiles
47. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Flagellum
Phosphdiester bond
Special function amino acids
Keratin
48. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Amylopectin
Pinocytosis
Methanogens
Intermediate filaments
49. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Gap junction
Microtubules
Purines (characteristics)
Fibronectin
50. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hemidesmosomes
Countertransport
Hydrolysis