Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






2. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






3. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






4. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






5. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






6. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






7. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






8. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






9. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






10. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






11. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






12. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






13. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






14. Two simple sugars joined together






15. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






16. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






17. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






18. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






19. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






20. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






21. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






22. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






23. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






24. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






25. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






26. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






27. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






28. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






29. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






30. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






31. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






32. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






33. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






34. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






35. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






36. Adenine and Guanine






37. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






38. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






39. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






40. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






41. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






42. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






43. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






44. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






45. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






46. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






47. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






48. Components of cytoskeleton






49. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






50. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton