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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






2. Two simple sugars joined together






3. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






4. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






5. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






6. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






7. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






8. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






9. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






10. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






11. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






12. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






13. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






14. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






15. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






16. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






17. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






18. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






19. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






20. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






21. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






22. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






23. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






24. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






25. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






26. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






27. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






28. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






29. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






30. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






31. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






32. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






33. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






34. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






35. Adenine and Guanine






36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






37. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






38. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






39. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






40. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






41. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






42. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






44. Components of cytoskeleton






45. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






46. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






47. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






48. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






49. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






50. Most common atoms found in biological molecules







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