Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






2. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






3. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






4. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






5. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






6. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






7. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






8. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






9. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






10. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






12. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






13. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






14. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






15. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






16. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






17. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






18. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






19. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






20. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






21. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






22. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






23. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






24. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






25. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






26. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






27. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






28. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






29. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






30. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






31. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






32. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






33. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






34. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






35. Two simple sugars joined together






36. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






37. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






38. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






39. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






40. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






41. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






43. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






44. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






45. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






46. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






47. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






48. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






49. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






50. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)