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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Collagen
Charged amino acids
Bacteria
2. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Cenriole
Motifs
Middle lamella
Steriod
3. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Cadherin
Countertransport
Fat (characteristics)
Dynein
4. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Fatty acid
Pinocytosis
Hypercholesterolemia
Nucleolus
5. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Cadherin
Motifs
Integrins
Dehydration synthesis
6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Polar uncharged amino acids
Fatty acid
Disaccharide
7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pyrimidines (identify)
Methanogens
Peptide bond
8. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Amino acid (composition)
Chromosome
Hemidesmosomes
Primary cell wall
9. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Fat (characteristics)
Hypercholesterolemia
Extreme halophiles
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
10. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Dehydration synthesis
Extreme thermophiles
Keratin
Denaturation
11. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Clathrin
Cytoskeleton
Cell Theory
Fat (composition)
12. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Charged amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Bacteria
Hemidesmosomes
13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
DNA (location)
Amino acid (composition)
5 classes of amino acids
Glycogen
14. Two simple sugars joined together
Major categories of macromolecules
Flagellum
Peptide bond
Disaccharide
15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
First law of thermodynamics
Plasmodesmata
Extreme halophiles
16. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Rossman fold
Nucleotide (composition)
Motifs
Adherins junctions
17. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Aromatic amino acids
Gram positive bacteria
18. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Integrins
Primary level of protein structure
Chaperone proteins
Dehydration synthesis
19. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Functions or proteins
Chromosome
Hydrolysis
Beta glucose ring
20. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Monosaccharide
Hemidesmosomes
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Glycerol
21. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cadherin
Special function amino acids
Cellulose
Nonpolar amino acids
22. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Steriod
Fatty acid
Nucleolus
Aromatic amino acids
23. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Glycolipids
C - H - O - N - S
Polar uncharged amino acids
ATP (composition)
24. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Methanogens
Primary cell wall
Keratin
25. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Complimentary bases
Cellulose
Spectrin
26. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
xtrusion
Aromatic amino acids
Kinesin
Fat (composition)
27. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Cytoskeleton
Methanogens
Chromosome
Hypercholesterolemia
28. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Pinocytosis
Clathrin
Middle lamella
Amylopectin
29. The bond between two sugar molecules
Spectrin
Amylose
Glycosidic bond
Cytoskeleton
30. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
C - H - O - N - S
Hydrolysis
Rossman fold
Purines (characteristics)
31. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Hydrocarbons
Prokaryote
Miller - Urey experiment
32. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Fat (characteristics)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Quaternary level of protein structure
Intermediate filaments
33. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Special function amino acids
Bacteria
Middle lamella
34. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Gap junction
Hydrolysis
xtrusion
Tight junctions
35. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Glycolipids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Adherins junctions
Major categories of macromolecules
36. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
Secondary cell wall
Purines (characteristics)
37. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Denaturation
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Beta glucose ring
Steriod
38. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
5 classes of amino acids
Cytoplasm
Purines (identify)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
39. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Antiport
Extreme thermophiles
Spectrin
Motifs
40. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Spectrin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Aromatic amino acids
Gap junction
41. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Chaperone proteins
Phosphdiester bond
Gap junction
Nucleolus
42. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Antiport
Microtubules
Phosphdiester bond
Functions or proteins
43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Beta barrel
Amylose
Central vacuole
44. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Hydrolysis
Starch
Alpha glucose ring
Aromatic amino acids
45. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Extreme halophiles
Desmosomes
Miller - Urey experiment
46. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Fibronectin
Spectrin
Cytoskeleton
Chaperone proteins
47. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Hydrocarbons
Secondary cell wall
Plastids
Fibronectin
48. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Extreme thermophiles
Denaturation
Hydrocarbons
Special function amino acids
49. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Prokaryote
Major categories of macromolecules
Purines (identify)
50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Beta glucose ring
Proteoglycans
Methanogens