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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






2. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






3. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






4. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






5. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






6. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






8. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






9. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






10. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






11. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






12. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






13. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






14. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






15. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






17. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






18. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






19. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






20. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






21. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






22. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






23. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






24. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






25. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






26. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






27. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






28. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






29. The bond between two sugar molecules






30. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






31. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






32. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






33. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






34. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






35. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






36. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






37. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






38. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






39. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






40. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






41. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






42. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






43. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






44. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






46. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






47. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






48. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






49. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






50. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.