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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






4. Adenine and Guanine






5. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






6. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






7. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






8. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






9. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






10. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






11. The bond between two sugar molecules






12. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






13. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






14. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






15. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






16. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






17. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






18. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






19. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






20. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






21. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






22. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






23. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






24. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






25. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






26. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






27. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






28. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






29. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






30. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






31. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






32. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






33. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






34. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






36. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






37. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






38. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






39. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






40. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






41. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






42. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






43. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






44. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






45. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






46. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






47. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






48. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






49. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






50. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)