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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






2. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






3. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






4. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






5. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






6. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






7. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






8. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






9. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






10. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






11. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






12. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






13. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






14. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






15. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






16. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






17. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






18. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






19. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






20. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






21. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






22. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






23. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






24. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






25. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






26. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






27. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






28. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






29. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






30. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






32. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






33. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






34. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






35. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






36. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






37. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






38. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






39. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






40. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






41. The bond between two sugar molecules






42. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






43. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






44. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






45. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






46. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






47. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






48. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






49. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






50. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine