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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






2. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






3. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






4. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






5. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






6. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






8. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






9. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






10. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






11. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






12. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






13. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






14. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






15. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






16. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






17. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






18. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






19. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






20. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






21. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






22. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






23. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






24. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






25. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






26. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






27. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






28. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






29. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






30. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






31. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






32. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






33. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






36. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






37. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






38. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






39. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






40. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






41. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






42. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






43. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






44. Components of cytoskeleton






45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






46. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






47. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






48. The bond between two sugar molecules






49. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






50. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.