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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Alpha glucose ring
Quaternary level of protein structure
Fibronectin
Cell Theory
2. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Primary cell wall
Complimentary bases
Glycosidic bond
Domains
3. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Nucleolus
Chaperone proteins
Collagen
Purines (identify)
4. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Pinocytosis
Dehydration synthesis
Flagellum
Bacteria
5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Extracellular matrix
Denaturation
Collagen
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
6. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Chaperone proteins
Prostaglandin
Functions or proteins
Motifs
7. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Amylose
Polar uncharged amino acids
Nonpolar amino acids
Collagen
8. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Monosaccharide
Collagen
xtrusion
Glycoproteins
9. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Cell Theory
Centrosome
Central vacuole
10. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Secondary cell wall
Nucleolus
Complimentary bases
Monosaccharide
11. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Amino acid (composition)
Fibronectin
Domains
Amylose
12. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Cytoplasm
13. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide (composition)
Phosphdiester bond
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Special function amino acids
14. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
ATP (composition)
5 classes of amino acids
Fatty acid
Clathrin
15. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Extracellular matrix
Peptidoglycan
C - H - O - N - S
Central vacuole
16. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Bacteria
Purines (characteristics)
Fatty acid
17. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Anchoring junction
Starch
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
18. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Cytoskeleton
DNA (location)
Rossman fold
xtrusion
19. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Glycolipids
Primary cell wall
Pyrimidines (identify)
Denaturation
20. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
ATP (composition)
Chromosome
Gram positive bacteria
Motifs
21. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Alpha glucose ring
Steriod
Cenriole
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
22. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Motifs
Amylose
Prostaglandin
Monosaccharide
23. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Gap junction
Beta glucose ring
Pyrimidines (identify)
ATP (composition)
24. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Peptide bond
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Plasmodesmata
25. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Amylose
Chromosome
Bacteriorhodopsin
Clathrin
26. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Flagellum
Nucleolus
Miller - Urey experiment
Desmosomes
27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Steriod
Hemidesmosomes
Prokaryote
Adherins junctions
28. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Plastids
Fat (composition)
Dehydration synthesis
Hemidesmosomes
29. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Extreme thermophiles
Methanogens
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Chaperone proteins
30. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Fat (characteristics)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Anchoring junction
Methanogens
31. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Adherins junctions
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Disaccharide
32. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Fat (composition)
Starch
Cellulose
xtrusion
33. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Gap junction
Fatty acid
Fat (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Kinesin
Fibronectin
Peptide bond
35. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Gap junction
Countertransport
Complimentary bases
Proteoglycans
36. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Starch
Cytoplasm
First law of thermodynamics
37. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Chromosome
Polar uncharged amino acids
Spectrin
38. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Cyanobacteria
Aromatic amino acids
Domains
Peptidoglycan
39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Major categories of macromolecules
Pyrimidines (identify)
xtrusion
40. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Hypercholesterolemia
Amino acid (composition)
Bacteria
Desmosomes
41. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Major categories of macromolecules
Flagellum
42. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Charged amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Fat (composition)
Microtubules
43. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Integrins
Purines (characteristics)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
44. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Alpha glucose ring
Flagellum
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Amylose
45. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Cell Theory
Primary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Peptide bond
46. Components of cytoskeleton
Peptide bond
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Fat (composition)
Denaturation
47. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Hypercholesterolemia
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Extracellular matrix
Spectrin
48. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hydrocarbons
Cytoplasm
49. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Pinocytosis
Amino acid (composition)
50. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Glycerol
Nonpolar amino acids
Kinesin