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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






2. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






3. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






4. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






6. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






7. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






8. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






9. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






10. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






11. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






12. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






13. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






14. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






15. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






16. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






17. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






18. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






19. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






20. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






21. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






22. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






23. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






24. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






25. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






26. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






27. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






28. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






29. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






30. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






31. Two simple sugars joined together






32. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






33. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






34. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






35. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






36. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






37. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






38. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






39. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






40. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






41. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






42. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






43. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






44. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






45. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






46. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






47. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






48. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






49. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






50. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)







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