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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






2. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






3. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






4. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






5. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






6. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






7. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






8. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






9. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






10. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






11. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






12. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






13. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






14. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






15. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






16. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






17. Components of cytoskeleton






18. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






19. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






20. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






21. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






22. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






23. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






24. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






25. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






26. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






27. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






28. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






29. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






30. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






31. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






32. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






33. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






34. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






35. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






36. Two simple sugars joined together






37. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






38. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






39. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






40. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






41. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






42. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






43. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






44. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






45. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






46. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






47. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






48. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






49. Adenine and Guanine






50. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits