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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






2. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






3. The bond between two sugar molecules






4. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






5. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






6. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






8. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






9. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






10. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






11. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






12. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






13. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






14. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






15. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






16. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






17. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






19. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






21. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






22. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






23. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






24. Adenine and Guanine






25. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






26. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






27. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






28. Two simple sugars joined together






29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






30. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






31. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






32. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






34. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






35. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






36. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






37. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






38. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






39. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






40. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






41. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






43. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






44. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






45. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






46. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






47. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






48. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






49. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group