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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






2. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






3. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






4. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






6. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






7. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






8. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






9. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






10. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






11. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






12. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






13. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






14. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






15. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






16. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






17. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






18. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






19. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






20. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






22. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






23. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






24. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






25. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






26. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






27. The bond between two sugar molecules






28. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






29. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






30. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






31. Two simple sugars joined together






32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






33. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






34. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






35. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






38. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






39. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






40. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






41. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






42. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






43. Adenine and Guanine






44. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






45. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






46. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






47. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






48. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






49. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains