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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






2. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






3. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






4. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






5. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






6. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






7. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






8. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






9. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






10. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






11. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






12. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






13. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






14. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






15. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






16. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






17. Components of cytoskeleton






18. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






19. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






20. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






21. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






22. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






23. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






24. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






25. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






26. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






27. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






28. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






29. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






30. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






31. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






32. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






33. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






34. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






35. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






36. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






37. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






38. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






39. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






40. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






41. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






42. Two simple sugars joined together






43. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






44. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






45. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






46. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






47. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






48. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






49. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






50. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane