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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Denaturation
Disaccharide
Chitin
Nucleotide (composition)
2. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Clathrin
Steriod
Beta barrel
Fat (composition)
3. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Cyanobacteria
Hypercholesterolemia
Pyrimidines (identify)
Denaturation
4. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
Alpha glucose ring
Charged amino acids
5. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Cytoplasm
Cadherin
Complimentary bases
ATP (composition)
6. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
C - H - O - N - S
Denaturation
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Aromatic amino acids
7. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
ATP (composition)
Proteoglycans
Amylopectin
Major categories of macromolecules
8. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Purines (characteristics)
Hydrolysis
Differences between RNA and DNA
9. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Amylose
Bacteriorhodopsin
Nonpolar amino acids
10. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Collagen
Spectrin
Alpha glucose ring
11. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Extracellular matrix
Nucleotide (composition)
Centrosome
Archaebacteria
12. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Centrosome
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Peptidoglycan
Nonpolar amino acids
13. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Secondary cell wall
Flagellum
Antiport
14. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Nonpolar amino acids
Prokaryote
Anchoring junction
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
15. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Fibronectin
Central vacuole
Motifs
Glycogen
16. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Microtubules
Peptidoglycan
Glycogen
Amylopectin
17. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Quaternary level of protein structure
Proteoglycans
Intermediate filaments
Steriod
18. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Countertransport
Extracellular matrix
Clathrin
Steriod
19. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Amylopectin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Starch
Cytoplasm
20. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycosidic bond
Methanogens
Glycerol
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
21. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Extreme thermophiles
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Amino acid (composition)
Bacteria
22. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Central vacuole
Bacteriorhodopsin
Extreme halophiles
23. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Quaternary level of protein structure
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Complimentary bases
24. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Prokaryote
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Spectrin
Cellulose
25. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Bacteria
Phosphdiester bond
C - H - O - N - S
Pinocytosis
26. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Purines (characteristics)
Glycolipids
Nucleolus
ATP (composition)
27. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Kinesin
5 classes of amino acids
Pinocytosis
Differences between RNA and DNA
28. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
First law of thermodynamics
Cyanobacteria
Amino acid (composition)
Centrosome
29. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Purines (characteristics)
Cadherin
Beta barrel
30. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Glycogen
Glycerol
Pinocytosis
31. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Glycosidic bond
Special function amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Cytoskeleton
32. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Fat (composition)
Domains
First law of thermodynamics
ATP (composition)
33. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Dehydration synthesis
Hemidesmosomes
Hydrolysis
Denaturation
34. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Gap junction
Nucleotide (composition)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Amylopectin
35. Adenine and Guanine
Miller - Urey experiment
Chaperone proteins
Tight junctions
Purines (identify)
36. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Miller - Urey experiment
Keratin
Glycosidic bond
Amylose
37. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Plastids
Secondary level of protein structure
Alpha glucose ring
Denaturation
38. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Anchoring junction
Adherins junctions
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Phosphdiester bond
39. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
5 classes of amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Quaternary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
40. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Cenriole
Glycogen
Hemidesmosomes
41. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Glycerol
Pinocytosis
42. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
Extreme halophiles
Centrosome
Steriod
43. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Special function amino acids
Gap junction
Antiport
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
44. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Glycosidic bond
Extreme halophiles
Phospholipid (composition)
Chaperone proteins
45. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
xtrusion
Clathrin
Cadherin
46. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Gram positive bacteria
Cellulose
Amino acid (composition)
Complimentary bases
47. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Monosaccharide
Fatty acid
First law of thermodynamics
48. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Dehydration synthesis
Kinesin
Cytoskeleton
49. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Methanogens
Dynein
Central vacuole
Hydrolysis
50. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Functions or proteins
Starch
Peptide bond
Anchoring junction
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