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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






2. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






3. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






4. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






5. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






6. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






7. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






8. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






9. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






10. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






11. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






12. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






13. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






15. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






16. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






17. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






19. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






20. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






21. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






22. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






24. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






25. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






26. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






27. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






28. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






29. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






30. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






31. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






32. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






33. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






34. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






35. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






36. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






38. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






39. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






40. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






41. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






42. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






43. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






44. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






45. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






46. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






47. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






48. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






49. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






50. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix