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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






2. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






3. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






4. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






7. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






8. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






9. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






10. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






11. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






12. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






13. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






14. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






15. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






16. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






17. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






18. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






19. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






20. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






21. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






22. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






23. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






24. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






26. Components of cytoskeleton






27. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






28. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






29. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






30. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






31. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






32. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






33. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






34. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






35. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






36. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






37. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






38. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






39. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






40. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






41. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






42. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






43. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






44. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






45. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






46. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






47. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






48. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






49. Adenine and Guanine






50. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms