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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






2. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






3. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






4. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






5. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






6. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






7. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






8. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






9. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






10. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






11. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






12. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






13. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






14. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






15. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






16. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






17. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






19. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






20. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






21. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






22. The bond between two sugar molecules






23. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






24. Two simple sugars joined together






25. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






26. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






27. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






28. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






29. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






30. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






31. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






32. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






33. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






34. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






35. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






36. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






37. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






38. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






39. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






40. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






41. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






42. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






43. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






44. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






45. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






46. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






48. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






49. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






50. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.