Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






2. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






3. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






4. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






5. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






6. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






7. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






8. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






9. Components of cytoskeleton






10. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






11. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






12. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






13. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






14. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






15. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






16. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






17. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






18. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






19. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






20. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






21. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






22. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






23. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






24. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






25. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






26. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






27. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






28. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






29. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






30. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






31. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






32. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






33. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






34. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






35. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






36. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






37. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






38. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






39. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






41. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






43. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






44. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






46. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






47. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






48. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






49. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






50. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction