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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






2. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






3. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






4. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






5. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






6. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






7. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






8. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






9. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






10. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






11. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






12. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






13. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






14. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






15. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






16. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






17. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






18. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






19. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






20. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






21. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






22. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






23. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






26. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






27. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






28. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






29. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






30. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






31. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






32. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






33. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






34. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






35. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






36. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






37. Components of cytoskeleton






38. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






39. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






40. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






41. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






42. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






43. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






44. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






45. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






46. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






47. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






48. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






49. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






50. Most common atoms found in biological molecules