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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






2. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






3. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






4. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






5. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






6. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






7. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






8. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






10. Two simple sugars joined together






11. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






12. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






13. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






14. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






15. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






16. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






17. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






18. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






19. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






20. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






21. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






22. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






23. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






24. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






25. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






26. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






27. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






28. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






29. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






30. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






32. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






33. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






34. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






35. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






36. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






37. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






38. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






39. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






40. Components of cytoskeleton






41. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






42. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






43. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






44. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






45. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






46. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






47. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






48. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






49. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






50. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group