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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Glycogen
Denaturation
Intermediate filaments
Plasmodesmata
2. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Plastids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Dehydration synthesis
3. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Prokaryote
Primary cell wall
Central vacuole
Bacteria
4. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Purines (characteristics)
Archaebacteria
Glycoproteins
5. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Complimentary bases
Tight junctions
Cellulose
6. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Miller - Urey experiment
Aromatic amino acids
Hydrocarbons
Phospholipid (composition)
7. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Cytoskeleton
Miller - Urey experiment
Fatty acid
Beta glucose ring
8. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Cytoplasm
Fat (composition)
DNA (location)
Plasmodesmata
9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Secondary cell wall
10. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Anchoring junction
Domains
Differences between RNA and DNA
Denaturation
11. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Pinocytosis
Amylopectin
Monosaccharide
Gram positive bacteria
12. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Major categories of macromolecules
First law of thermodynamics
Centrosome
13. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Miller - Urey experiment
Beta glucose ring
Chitin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
14. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Bacteriorhodopsin
Proteoglycans
Phosphdiester bond
Clathrin
15. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Beta glucose ring
DNA (location)
Glycogen
16. Components of cytoskeleton
Fibronectin
Prokaryote
Cellulose
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
17. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Functions or proteins
Complimentary bases
Archaebacteria
Denaturation
18. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Desmosomes
Secondary level of protein structure
Flagellum
Quaternary level of protein structure
19. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Hypercholesterolemia
Desmosomes
Charged amino acids
Archaebacteria
20. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Alpha glucose ring
Glycogen
Plasmodesmata
Hydrolysis
21. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Cell Theory
Amylopectin
Secondary cell wall
22. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Fat (characteristics)
Extreme thermophiles
Cytoskeleton
Charged amino acids
23. Two simple sugars joined together
Glycoproteins
Disaccharide
Rossman fold
Chaperone proteins
24. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Collagen
Adherins junctions
Cytoplasm
Amylose
25. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
5 classes of amino acids
Cenriole
Central vacuole
26. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Monosaccharide
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Peptidoglycan
Glycolipids
27. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Major categories of macromolecules
Collagen
Gram positive bacteria
Adherins junctions
28. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Dynein
Keratin
Chaperone proteins
Countertransport
29. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Tight junctions
Peptidoglycan
Domains
Glycoproteins
30. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
DNA (location)
Tight junctions
Nucleotide (composition)
31. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Purines (characteristics)
Prostaglandin
Nucleolus
Disaccharide
32. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Proteoglycans
Secondary cell wall
Centrosome
33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Starch
Desmosomes
Alpha glucose ring
Adherins junctions
34. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Bacteria
Kinesin
Integrins
Cadherin
35. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
5 classes of amino acids
Chromosome
Intermediate filaments
Chaperone proteins
36. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Peptidoglycan
Antiport
Countertransport
Prostaglandin
37. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Dynein
Central vacuole
Spectrin
Motifs
38. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Fat (composition)
Cytoplasm
Chaperone proteins
Hemidesmosomes
39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
Fat (composition)
Extreme halophiles
Dynein
40. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Gap junction
Steriod
Collagen
Prokaryote
41. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Extreme halophiles
Dehydration synthesis
Kinesin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
42. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Adherins junctions
Functions or proteins
Complimentary bases
Secondary cell wall
43. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Keratin
Charged amino acids
Purines (identify)
44. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Charged amino acids
Central vacuole
Methanogens
Glycerol
45. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Fat (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
Gap junction
Central vacuole
46. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Secondary cell wall
Extreme halophiles
Phospholipid (composition)
Chitin
47. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Fat (characteristics)
Collagen
Hypercholesterolemia
48. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Nucleotide (composition)
Pinocytosis
Collagen
49. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Plasmodesmata
Chitin
Aromatic amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
50. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Glycosidic bond
Chitin
Cytoskeleton
Central vacuole