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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






2. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






3. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






4. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






5. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






6. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






7. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






8. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






9. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






10. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






11. Components of cytoskeleton






12. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






13. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






14. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






15. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






16. The bond between two sugar molecules






17. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






18. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






19. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






20. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






21. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






22. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






23. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






24. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






25. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






26. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






27. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






28. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






29. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






30. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






31. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






32. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






33. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






34. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






36. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






38. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






39. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






40. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






41. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






42. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






43. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






44. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






45. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






46. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






47. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






48. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






49. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






50. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet