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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






2. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






3. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






4. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






5. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






6. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






7. The bond between two sugar molecules






8. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






9. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






10. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






11. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






12. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






13. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






14. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






15. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






16. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






17. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






18. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






19. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






20. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






21. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






22. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






23. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






24. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






25. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






26. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






27. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






28. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






29. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






30. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






31. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






32. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






33. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






34. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






35. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






37. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






38. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






39. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






40. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






41. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






42. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






43. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






44. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






46. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






48. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






49. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






50. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine