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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






2. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






3. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






4. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






5. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






6. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






7. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






8. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






9. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






10. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






11. Two simple sugars joined together






12. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






13. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






14. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






15. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






16. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






17. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






18. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






19. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






20. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






21. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






22. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






23. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






24. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






25. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






26. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






27. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






28. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






29. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






30. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






31. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






32. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






33. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






34. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






35. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






36. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






37. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






38. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






39. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






42. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






43. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






44. Components of cytoskeleton






45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






46. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






47. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






48. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






49. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains