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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






2. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






3. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






4. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






5. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






6. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






7. The bond between two sugar molecules






8. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






9. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






10. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






11. Components of cytoskeleton






12. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






13. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






14. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






15. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






16. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






17. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






18. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






19. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






20. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






21. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






22. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






23. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






24. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






25. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






26. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






27. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






28. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






29. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






30. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






31. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






32. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






34. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






35. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






36. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






37. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






38. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






39. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






40. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






41. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






42. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






43. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






44. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






45. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






46. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






47. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






48. Two simple sugars joined together






49. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






50. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles