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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






2. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






3. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






4. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






5. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






6. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






7. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






8. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






9. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






10. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






11. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






12. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






13. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






14. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






15. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






16. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






17. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






18. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






19. Two simple sugars joined together






20. Adenine and Guanine






21. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






22. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






23. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






24. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






26. Components of cytoskeleton






27. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






28. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






29. The bond between two sugar molecules






30. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






32. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






33. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






34. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






35. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






36. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






37. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






38. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






39. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






42. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






43. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






44. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






46. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






47. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






48. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






50. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic







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