Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two simple sugars joined together






2. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






3. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






4. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






5. The bond between two sugar molecules






6. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






7. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






8. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






9. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






10. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






11. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






12. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






13. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






14. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






15. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






16. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






17. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






18. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






19. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






20. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






21. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






22. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






23. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






24. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






26. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






27. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






28. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






29. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






30. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






31. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






32. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






33. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






34. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






36. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






37. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






38. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






39. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






40. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






41. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






42. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






43. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






44. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






45. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






46. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






48. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






49. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






50. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.