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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






2. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






3. Components of cytoskeleton






4. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






5. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






6. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






7. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






8. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






9. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






10. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






11. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






12. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






13. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






14. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






15. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






16. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






17. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






18. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






20. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






21. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






22. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






23. The bond between two sugar molecules






24. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






25. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






26. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






27. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






28. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






29. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






30. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






31. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






32. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






33. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






36. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






37. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






38. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






40. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






41. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






42. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






44. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






45. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






46. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






47. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






48. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






49. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






50. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.