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MCAT Biology 3
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
First law of thermodynamics
Bacteria
Bacteriorhodopsin
Starch
2. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Fatty acid
Gram positive bacteria
Extracellular matrix
3. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Rossman fold
DNA (location)
Glycerol
Phosphdiester bond
4. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Rossman fold
Cenriole
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
5. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Keratin
C - H - O - N - S
Functions or proteins
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
6. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Desmosomes
Peptide bond
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cellulose
7. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Antiport
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Glycerol
8. The bond between two sugar molecules
Beta barrel
Archaebacteria
Glycosidic bond
Gap junction
9. Components of cytoskeleton
Amino acid (composition)
Functions or proteins
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Spectrin
10. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis
Cellulose
Methanogens
11. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Chitin
5 classes of amino acids
Nucleolus
Primary cell wall
12. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Amylopectin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Clathrin
Primary cell wall
13. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Glycerol
Extreme halophiles
Gap junction
14. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Amylose
Differences between RNA and DNA
Miller - Urey experiment
Flagellum
15. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
DNA (location)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Secondary level of protein structure
Nonpolar amino acids
16. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Fibronectin
Nucleolus
Collagen
Functions or proteins
17. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Integrins
Fat (composition)
Peptide bond
Beta glucose ring
18. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Peptide bond
Denaturation
Functions or proteins
Plastids
19. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Keratin
C - H - O - N - S
Secondary level of protein structure
Extreme thermophiles
20. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Functions or proteins
Major categories of macromolecules
Archaebacteria
Extracellular matrix
21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Quaternary level of protein structure
Plasmodesmata
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Amylose
22. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
ATP (composition)
Cadherin
Countertransport
Secondary level of protein structure
23. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Nucleotide (composition)
Dynein
Cenriole
24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
5 classes of amino acids
Purines (characteristics)
Rossman fold
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
25. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Monosaccharide
Intermediate filaments
Extreme thermophiles
Pinocytosis
26. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Cytoskeleton
Chaperone proteins
Major categories of macromolecules
27. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Rossman fold
xtrusion
Prokaryote
Primary level of protein structure
28. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Steriod
Fat (composition)
Phosphdiester bond
Hypercholesterolemia
29. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Adherins junctions
Quaternary level of protein structure
Glycoproteins
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
30. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Fatty acid
Cell Theory
5 classes of amino acids
Starch
31. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
xtrusion
Microtubules
Glycerol
Dynein
32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Keratin
5 classes of amino acids
Motifs
33. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Alpha glucose ring
Gram positive bacteria
Miller - Urey experiment
34. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
DNA (location)
Methanogens
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hemidesmosomes
35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Glycerol
Hydrolysis
Glycosidic bond
Monosaccharide
36. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Middle lamella
Central vacuole
DNA (location)
37. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Phosphdiester bond
Differences between RNA and DNA
Centrosome
Domains
38. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Amylopectin
Amylose
Kinesin
39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Glycerol
DNA (location)
Primary level of protein structure
40. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Nonpolar amino acids
Charged amino acids
Amino acid (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
41. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Glycerol
Dynein
Fibronectin
Bacteriorhodopsin
42. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Chromosome
43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Glycosidic bond
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Beta barrel
Middle lamella
44. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dynein
Dehydration synthesis
Rossman fold
Purines (characteristics)
45. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Bacteria
Desmosomes
Beta glucose ring
Glycoproteins
46. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
ATP (composition)
Glycoproteins
Peptide bond
47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Domains
First law of thermodynamics
Tight junctions
Cytoskeleton
48. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Dynein
Primary level of protein structure
Starch
Aromatic amino acids
49. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Domains
Functions or proteins
Steriod
50. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Hydrolysis
Beta glucose ring
Cell Theory
Cenriole
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