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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






2. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






3. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






4. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






5. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






6. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






7. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






8. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






9. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






10. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






11. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






12. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






13. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






14. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






15. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






16. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






17. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






18. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






19. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






20. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






21. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






22. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






23. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






24. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






25. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






26. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






27. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






28. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






29. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






30. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






31. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






32. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






33. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






34. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






35. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






36. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






37. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






38. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






39. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






40. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






41. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






42. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






44. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






45. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






46. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






48. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






49. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






50. Two simple sugars joined together