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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






2. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






3. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






4. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






5. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






6. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






7. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






8. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






10. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






11. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






12. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






13. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






14. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






15. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






17. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






18. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






19. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






20. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






21. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






22. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






23. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






25. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






27. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






28. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






29. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






30. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






31. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






32. Components of cytoskeleton






33. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






34. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






35. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






36. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






37. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






38. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






39. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






40. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






41. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






42. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






46. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






47. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






48. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






49. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






50. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM