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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Amino acid (composition)
Extreme halophiles
Flagellum
Monosaccharide
2. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Hypercholesterolemia
Domains
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Cellulose
3. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Purines (characteristics)
Complimentary bases
Charged amino acids
Chitin
4. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Clathrin
Integrins
Extreme halophiles
Glycogen
5. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
First law of thermodynamics
Extreme thermophiles
Peptidoglycan
6. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Cadherin
Fat (characteristics)
Extracellular matrix
Peptidoglycan
7. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
DNA (location)
Glycerol
Prostaglandin
Fibronectin
8. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Chromosome
Extreme thermophiles
Peptidoglycan
DNA (location)
9. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Peptidoglycan
Quaternary level of protein structure
Methanogens
Rossman fold
10. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Central vacuole
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Microtubules
11. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Amylopectin
Extreme thermophiles
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
12. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Dehydration synthesis
Clathrin
C - H - O - N - S
Plastids
13. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
xtrusion
Purines (characteristics)
Extracellular matrix
Dynein
14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Phosphdiester bond
ATP (composition)
Alpha glucose ring
Complimentary bases
15. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Phospholipid (composition)
Bacteria
Plasmodesmata
16. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Prokaryote
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria
Alpha glucose ring
17. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Aromatic amino acids
xtrusion
Primary level of protein structure
Glycolipids
18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Primary cell wall
Cell Theory
Dynein
19. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Polar uncharged amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Secondary level of protein structure
DNA (location)
20. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide (composition)
Hemidesmosomes
Chitin
21. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Gram positive bacteria
Amylopectin
Alpha glucose ring
22. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Starch
Central vacuole
Cytoskeleton
Major categories of macromolecules
23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Extracellular matrix
Pyrimidines (identify)
Cytoskeleton
Centrosome
24. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Fat (characteristics)
Aromatic amino acids
Cell Theory
Cellulose
25. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Cytoplasm
First law of thermodynamics
Microtubules
Glycolipids
26. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Extreme halophiles
Integrins
Quaternary level of protein structure
xtrusion
27. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Polar uncharged amino acids
Chaperone proteins
C - H - O - N - S
Gram positive bacteria
28. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Rossman fold
Glycoproteins
Cellulose
Pinocytosis
29. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Proteoglycans
Clathrin
Gap junction
Keratin
30. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Hydrocarbons
Bacteria
Phosphdiester bond
Tight junctions
31. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
5 classes of amino acids
Bacteria
Quaternary level of protein structure
Special function amino acids
32. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Disaccharide
Desmosomes
Domains
Gap junction
33. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Dehydration synthesis
Fatty acid
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
34. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Starch
Amino acid (composition)
Chromosome
Amylose
35. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Extracellular matrix
Dehydration synthesis
Pinocytosis
Nonpolar amino acids
36. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Methanogens
Denaturation
37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Chromosome
Pinocytosis
Fatty acid
38. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Keratin
Aromatic amino acids
Special function amino acids
Extracellular matrix
39. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
C - H - O - N - S
Functions or proteins
Cyanobacteria
Peptide bond
40. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Amino acid (composition)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Motifs
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
41. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Clathrin
xtrusion
Pinocytosis
42. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Rossman fold
Hemidesmosomes
Proteoglycans
DNA (location)
43. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Glycosidic bond
Anchoring junction
44. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dehydration synthesis
Dynein
Denaturation
Functions or proteins
45. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Nucleotide (composition)
Beta barrel
Hemidesmosomes
ATP (composition)
46. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Dynein
Extracellular matrix
Chromosome
Bacteriorhodopsin
47. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Complimentary bases
Polar uncharged amino acids
Nonpolar amino acids
48. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Miller - Urey experiment
Purines (characteristics)
Cadherin
Cell Theory
49. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Starch
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Gram positive bacteria
Glycoproteins
50. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Steriod
Adherins junctions
C - H - O - N - S
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)