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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Extreme thermophiles
DNA (location)
Alpha glucose ring
Amylopectin
2. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Prokaryote
Chitin
Bacteria
Cell Theory
3. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Proteoglycans
Prostaglandin
Keratin
Flagellum
4. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Cytoskeleton
Anchoring junction
Clathrin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
5. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Plasmodesmata
Hypercholesterolemia
Centrosome
Monosaccharide
6. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Primary cell wall
C - H - O - N - S
Peptide bond
Differences between RNA and DNA
7. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Motifs
Primary level of protein structure
Nucleotide (composition)
Chromosome
8. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hemidesmosomes
Antiport
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
9. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Cytoskeleton
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Microtubules
Denaturation
10. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide (composition)
Starch
Fat (composition)
Chitin
11. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Disaccharide
Aromatic amino acids
12. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Purines (characteristics)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Prokaryote
Special function amino acids
13. The bond between two sugar molecules
Rossman fold
Glycerol
Glycosidic bond
Extreme thermophiles
14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Fatty acid
Nucleotide (composition)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
15. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Integrins
Gap junction
Chromosome
16. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Denaturation
Central vacuole
DNA (location)
17. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Desmosomes
Peptidoglycan
Intermediate filaments
Purines (identify)
18. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Amino acid (composition)
Archaebacteria
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Centrosome
19. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Rossman fold
Secondary cell wall
Miller - Urey experiment
Polar uncharged amino acids
20. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Middle lamella
Hemidesmosomes
Centrosome
21. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Peptidoglycan
Quaternary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (identify)
22. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
xtrusion
Amylose
Tight junctions
Cellulose
23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Keratin
xtrusion
Cell Theory
Complimentary bases
24. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Nucleolus
Peptidoglycan
Phosphdiester bond
Gram positive bacteria
25. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Cellulose
Anchoring junction
Prostaglandin
Aromatic amino acids
26. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Major categories of macromolecules
Pinocytosis
Clathrin
Miller - Urey experiment
27. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Monosaccharide
Denaturation
Glycogen
Kinesin
28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Secondary level of protein structure
Cadherin
Secondary cell wall
29. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Prokaryote
Pinocytosis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Countertransport
30. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Dehydration synthesis
Cytoskeleton
Polar uncharged amino acids
31. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Nucleolus
Bacteria
Keratin
32. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Extreme halophiles
Nucleotide (composition)
Functions or proteins
Peptide bond
33. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Cytoplasm
Chaperone proteins
Secondary cell wall
Motifs
34. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Special function amino acids
Prostaglandin
Gap junction
Secondary cell wall
35. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Microtubules
Central vacuole
Prokaryote
Special function amino acids
36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Purines (identify)
Gram positive bacteria
Bacteria
Phospholipid (composition)
37. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Glycolipids
Desmosomes
Centrosome
Bacteriorhodopsin
38. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Primary level of protein structure
Amylose
Cadherin
Integrins
39. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Archaebacteria
Amylose
Charged amino acids
Keratin
40. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Starch
DNA (location)
Hydrocarbons
Differences between RNA and DNA
41. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Dehydration synthesis
Archaebacteria
Fat (characteristics)
Purines (characteristics)
42. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Antiport
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Chaperone proteins
Pyrimidines (identify)
43. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Peptide bond
Rossman fold
Hydrocarbons
44. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Starch
Special function amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Pinocytosis
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Miller - Urey experiment
Peptide bond
46. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Flagellum
Major categories of macromolecules
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Collagen
47. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Complimentary bases
Primary level of protein structure
Pinocytosis
48. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Peptidoglycan
Collagen
Anchoring junction
49. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Rossman fold
Chitin
Tight junctions
Functions or proteins
50. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Amylopectin
Amylose
Countertransport
Phospholipid (composition)