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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






2. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






3. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






4. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






5. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






6. The bond between two sugar molecules






7. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






8. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






9. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






11. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






12. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






13. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






14. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






15. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






16. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






17. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






18. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






19. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






20. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






21. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






22. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






23. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






24. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






25. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






26. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






27. Components of cytoskeleton






28. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






29. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






30. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






31. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






32. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






33. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






34. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






36. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






37. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






38. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






39. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






40. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






41. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






42. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






43. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






44. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






45. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






46. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






47. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






48. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






49. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






50. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls