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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two simple sugars joined together
Secondary level of protein structure
Disaccharide
Countertransport
Kinesin
2. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Beta glucose ring
Cadherin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Primary level of protein structure
3. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Cyanobacteria
DNA (location)
Glycosidic bond
Tertiaty level of protein structure
4. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Clathrin
Peptide bond
Dehydration synthesis
Cellulose
5. The bond between two sugar molecules
Extreme halophiles
Glycoproteins
Hydrolysis
Glycosidic bond
6. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Cyanobacteria
Nucleotide (composition)
Cenriole
Plastids
7. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Proteoglycans
Functions or proteins
Fat (composition)
Extracellular matrix
8. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Charged amino acids
Rossman fold
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Primary cell wall
9. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Amylopectin
Chitin
10. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Domains
Flagellum
Functions or proteins
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
11. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Hypercholesterolemia
Purines (identify)
Archaebacteria
Countertransport
12. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Archaebacteria
Microtubules
Amylose
13. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Miller - Urey experiment
Chaperone proteins
14. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Prokaryote
Beta barrel
15. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Polar uncharged amino acids
Anchoring junction
Secondary cell wall
16. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Amylopectin
Flagellum
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Fat (composition)
17. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Glycerol
Differences between RNA and DNA
Methanogens
18. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Spectrin
Microtubules
C - H - O - N - S
Steriod
19. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Cytoplasm
Fatty acid
Alpha glucose ring
Dehydration synthesis
20. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hemidesmosomes
Archaebacteria
Amino acid (composition)
21. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Plastids
Bacteriorhodopsin
Major categories of macromolecules
Glycoproteins
22. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Chaperone proteins
Nucleotide (composition)
Beta glucose ring
xtrusion
23. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Domains
DNA (location)
Starch
Amylopectin
24. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Kinesin
5 classes of amino acids
Secondary cell wall
25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Bacteria
Keratin
Integrins
Fat (characteristics)
26. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments
Amylopectin
Cytoplasm
27. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Primary cell wall
Glycoproteins
Intermediate filaments
28. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Cellulose
Quaternary level of protein structure
Prokaryote
Nucleolus
29. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Primary cell wall
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Quaternary level of protein structure
Hydrocarbons
30. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Complimentary bases
Dynein
Beta glucose ring
Hydrolysis
31. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Steriod
Cenriole
Keratin
32. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Middle lamella
C - H - O - N - S
Secondary cell wall
Fatty acid
33. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Integrins
5 classes of amino acids
Flagellum
Adherins junctions
34. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Peptide bond
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Secondary cell wall
Phospholipid (composition)
35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Differences between RNA and DNA
Chitin
Denaturation
Beta barrel
36. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Plasmodesmata
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Aromatic amino acids
37. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Amylose
Intermediate filaments
Glycosidic bond
Starch
38. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Amylopectin
Methanogens
Cenriole
Motifs
39. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cytoplasm
Microtubules
Cyanobacteria
Glycosidic bond
40. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Primary cell wall
Miller - Urey experiment
5 classes of amino acids
Cytoskeleton
41. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Monosaccharide
Centrosome
Fat (characteristics)
42. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Phospholipid (composition)
Desmosomes
xtrusion
Prokaryote
43. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Centrosome
Kinesin
C - H - O - N - S
44. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Complimentary bases
Bacteria
Quaternary level of protein structure
Adherins junctions
45. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Major categories of macromolecules
Amino acid (composition)
Cadherin
Disaccharide
46. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Motifs
Prokaryote
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
47. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Pyrimidines (identify)
5 classes of amino acids
Fat (characteristics)
Steriod
48. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Anchoring junction
Steriod
Chromosome
Glycolipids
49. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Primary cell wall
Pinocytosis
Intermediate filaments
Phosphdiester bond
50. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Centrosome
Steriod
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cell Theory