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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Beta glucose ring
Hydrolysis
Chaperone proteins
Gap junction
2. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Amylopectin
Monosaccharide
Primary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
3. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Quaternary level of protein structure
Clathrin
Bacteriorhodopsin
4. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Chromosome
Extracellular matrix
Motifs
Denaturation
5. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Amylopectin
Middle lamella
Fibronectin
Flagellum
6. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Hydrolysis
Complimentary bases
Glycolipids
Motifs
7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Microtubules
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pinocytosis
8. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Fibronectin
Gram positive bacteria
Adherins junctions
First law of thermodynamics
9. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Domains
Keratin
Secondary cell wall
10. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Methanogens
First law of thermodynamics
Glycosidic bond
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
11. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Glycerol
Amylose
Central vacuole
12. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Flagellum
Hemidesmosomes
Beta glucose ring
Functions or proteins
13. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Chromosome
Anchoring junction
5 classes of amino acids
Bacteria
14. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Charged amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Hypercholesterolemia
First law of thermodynamics
15. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Complimentary bases
Monosaccharide
Beta barrel
Tertiaty level of protein structure
16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Beta barrel
Aromatic amino acids
Flagellum
Charged amino acids
17. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Bacteria
C - H - O - N - S
Cyanobacteria
Chromosome
18. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Differences between RNA and DNA
Chromosome
Spectrin
19. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Keratin
Functions or proteins
Spectrin
Peptide bond
20. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Quaternary level of protein structure
Tight junctions
ATP (composition)
21. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Major categories of macromolecules
Special function amino acids
Microtubules
ATP (composition)
22. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Amylopectin
Extreme thermophiles
Keratin
ATP (composition)
23. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Glycoproteins
Primary cell wall
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
First law of thermodynamics
24. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Fat (composition)
Cellulose
Integrins
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Centrosome
Cellulose
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Antiport
26. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Pinocytosis
Fatty acid
Prokaryote
Flagellum
27. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Clathrin
Glycoproteins
Nucleotide (composition)
Nonpolar amino acids
28. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Centrosome
Countertransport
Primary level of protein structure
Amino acid (composition)
29. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Amino acid (composition)
Central vacuole
Fat (composition)
Denaturation
30. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Cellulose
Spectrin
Chitin
31. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Pyrimidines (identify)
Fibronectin
Centrosome
32. Components of cytoskeleton
C - H - O - N - S
Extracellular matrix
5 classes of amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
33. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Hemidesmosomes
Glycerol
Gap junction
Miller - Urey experiment
34. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
Miller - Urey experiment
Polar uncharged amino acids
Functions or proteins
35. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Flagellum
5 classes of amino acids
Steriod
36. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Extreme halophiles
xtrusion
Fatty acid
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
37. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
First law of thermodynamics
Primary cell wall
Secondary level of protein structure
Kinesin
38. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Nucleolus
Special function amino acids
Bacteriorhodopsin
Aromatic amino acids
39. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Differences between RNA and DNA
5 classes of amino acids
Desmosomes
Archaebacteria
40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Glycogen
C - H - O - N - S
Extreme thermophiles
Peptidoglycan
41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Disaccharide
Domains
Microtubules
42. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Cell Theory
Primary cell wall
Motifs
Secondary level of protein structure
43. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Glycogen
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Purines (identify)
Plastids
44. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Integrins
Extracellular matrix
Glycoproteins
Aromatic amino acids
45. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Nucleolus
Extreme thermophiles
Tight junctions
Amylose
46. Two simple sugars joined together
Pinocytosis
Disaccharide
Dehydration synthesis
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
47. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Motifs
Kinesin
Spectrin
48. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
First law of thermodynamics
Monosaccharide
Centrosome
49. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
ATP (composition)
Major categories of macromolecules
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Primary level of protein structure
50. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Cytoplasm
Charged amino acids
Nucleotide (composition)