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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






2. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






3. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






4. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






6. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






7. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






8. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






9. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






10. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






11. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






12. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






14. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






15. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






16. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






17. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






19. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






20. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






21. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






22. Adenine and Guanine






23. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






24. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






25. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






26. Two simple sugars joined together






27. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






28. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






29. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






30. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






32. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






33. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






34. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






35. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






36. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






37. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






38. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






39. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






40. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






41. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






42. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






43. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






44. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






45. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






47. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






48. Components of cytoskeleton






49. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






50. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells