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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






2. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






3. Two simple sugars joined together






4. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






6. Adenine and Guanine






7. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






8. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






9. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






10. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






11. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






12. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






13. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






14. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






15. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






17. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






18. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






19. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






20. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






21. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






22. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






23. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






24. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






25. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






26. Components of cytoskeleton






27. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






28. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






29. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






30. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






31. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






32. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






33. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






34. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






35. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






36. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






37. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






38. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






39. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






40. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






41. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






42. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






43. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






44. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






45. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






46. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






47. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






48. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






49. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






50. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine