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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






2. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






3. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






4. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






5. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






6. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






7. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






8. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






9. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






10. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






11. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






12. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






13. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






14. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






15. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






17. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






18. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






19. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






20. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






21. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






22. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






23. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






24. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






25. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






26. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






27. Two simple sugars joined together






28. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






29. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






30. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






31. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






32. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






33. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






34. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






35. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






36. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






37. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






38. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






39. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






40. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






41. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






42. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






43. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






44. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






45. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






46. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






47. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






48. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






49. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






50. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids