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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






2. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






3. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






4. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






5. Components of cytoskeleton






6. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






7. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






8. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






9. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






10. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






11. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






12. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






13. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






14. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






15. The bond between two sugar molecules






16. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






17. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






18. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






19. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






20. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






21. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






22. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






23. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






24. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






25. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






26. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






27. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






28. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






29. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






30. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






31. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






32. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






33. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






34. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






35. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






37. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






38. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






39. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






40. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






42. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






45. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






46. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






47. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






48. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






49. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






50. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine