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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






2. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






3. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






4. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






5. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






7. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






8. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






9. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






10. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






11. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






12. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






13. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






14. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






15. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






16. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






17. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






18. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






19. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






20. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






21. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






22. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






23. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






24. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






25. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






26. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






27. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






28. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






29. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






30. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






31. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






32. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






33. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






34. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






35. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






36. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






38. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






39. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






40. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






41. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






42. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






43. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






44. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






45. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






46. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






47. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






48. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






49. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






50. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell