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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






3. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






4. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






5. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






6. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






7. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






8. The bond between two sugar molecules






9. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






10. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






11. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






12. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






13. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






14. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






15. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






17. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






18. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






19. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






20. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






21. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






22. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






23. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






24. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






25. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






26. Components of cytoskeleton






27. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






28. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






29. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






30. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






31. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






32. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






33. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






34. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






35. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






36. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






37. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






38. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






39. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






40. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






41. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






42. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






43. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






44. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






45. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






46. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






47. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






48. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






49. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






50. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures