Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






2. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






3. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






4. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






5. Two simple sugars joined together






6. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






7. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






8. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






9. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






10. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






11. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






12. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






13. Adenine and Guanine






14. Components of cytoskeleton






15. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






16. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






17. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






18. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






19. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






21. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






22. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






23. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






24. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






25. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






26. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






27. The bond between two sugar molecules






28. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






29. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






30. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






31. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






32. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






33. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






34. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






35. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






36. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






37. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






38. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






39. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






40. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






41. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






42. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






43. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






44. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






45. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






46. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






47. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






48. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






49. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






50. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)