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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
xtrusion
Hydrolysis
Secondary level of protein structure
Quaternary level of protein structure
2. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Plastids
xtrusion
Bacteriorhodopsin
5 classes of amino acids
3. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Glycoproteins
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Integrins
Denaturation
4. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Motifs
Primary cell wall
Functions or proteins
5. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Beta barrel
Secondary cell wall
Cytoskeleton
Dynein
6. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Glycolipids
Hypercholesterolemia
Amino acid (composition)
Glycoproteins
7. Two simple sugars joined together
ATP (composition)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Spectrin
Disaccharide
8. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Collagen
Amino acid (composition)
Anchoring junction
Adherins junctions
9. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Plasmodesmata
Glycosidic bond
Fibronectin
Hydrocarbons
10. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Domains
Beta barrel
Flagellum
Denaturation
11. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Starch
ATP (composition)
Rossman fold
Domains
12. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Hydrocarbons
Methanogens
Alpha glucose ring
Miller - Urey experiment
13. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Flagellum
Cyanobacteria
Secondary level of protein structure
14. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Functions or proteins
Aromatic amino acids
Gap junction
Extracellular matrix
15. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Phospholipid (composition)
Flagellum
Differences between RNA and DNA
Countertransport
16. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hemidesmosomes
Aromatic amino acids
17. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Glycosidic bond
Anchoring junction
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
18. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Secondary cell wall
Extreme thermophiles
Chaperone proteins
19. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Primary level of protein structure
Keratin
Phospholipid (composition)
20. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Fat (composition)
Fat (characteristics)
Hemidesmosomes
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
21. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Functions or proteins
Peptide bond
Quaternary level of protein structure
22. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Anchoring junction
Hydrocarbons
Cytoplasm
Glycoproteins
23. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Centrosome
Clathrin
Fat (composition)
Amino acid (composition)
24. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Major categories of macromolecules
Antiport
Aromatic amino acids
25. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Fibronectin
Secondary cell wall
26. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Cyanobacteria
ATP (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
27. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Chaperone proteins
Kinesin
Beta barrel
28. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
Cadherin
Extracellular matrix
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
29. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
ATP (composition)
Peptide bond
Hypercholesterolemia
Hydrolysis
30. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Proteoglycans
Nonpolar amino acids
Collagen
DNA (location)
31. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Motifs
Quaternary level of protein structure
Middle lamella
32. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Collagen
Clathrin
33. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Fat (composition)
Nonpolar amino acids
xtrusion
Bacteria
34. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Chromosome
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Hypercholesterolemia
Methanogens
35. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
Nucleotide (composition)
Extreme halophiles
Miller - Urey experiment
36. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Desmosomes
Extreme thermophiles
Amylose
Glycoproteins
37. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Cyanobacteria
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cadherin
38. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Keratin
Anchoring junction
Purines (identify)
39. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Extracellular matrix
Bacteriorhodopsin
Clathrin
Beta glucose ring
40. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Cenriole
Plastids
Complimentary bases
41. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Integrins
Central vacuole
Beta barrel
Proteoglycans
42. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Monosaccharide
Hydrolysis
Glycerol
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
43. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Flagellum
First law of thermodynamics
Primary level of protein structure
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
44. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Methanogens
Antiport
45. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Spectrin
Domains
Charged amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
46. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Phospholipid (composition)
Fatty acid
Chromosome
Secondary level of protein structure
47. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Gap junction
Spectrin
Gram positive bacteria
Steriod
48. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Countertransport
Nucleolus
Glycoproteins
Purines (characteristics)
49. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Peptide bond
Differences between RNA and DNA
Spectrin
Dynein
50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Special function amino acids
Fat (characteristics)
Gap junction
Phospholipid (composition)