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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
C - H - O - N - S
Polar uncharged amino acids
Prokaryote
Beta barrel
2. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Centrosome
Differences between RNA and DNA
Special function amino acids
Desmosomes
3. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Fibronectin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Fatty acid
4. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Motifs
Extreme thermophiles
Cenriole
Hypercholesterolemia
5. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Phosphdiester bond
Complimentary bases
Cytoskeleton
6. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Purines (identify)
Archaebacteria
Proteoglycans
7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Monosaccharide
Secondary level of protein structure
Beta glucose ring
Cenriole
8. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Peptidoglycan
First law of thermodynamics
Major categories of macromolecules
Cyanobacteria
9. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Dehydration synthesis
Hemidesmosomes
Functions or proteins
Charged amino acids
10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Polar uncharged amino acids
Hydrolysis
Beta barrel
Cenriole
11. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Functions or proteins
Archaebacteria
Glycolipids
Extreme halophiles
12. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Purines (identify)
Chaperone proteins
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Extreme halophiles
13. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Flagellum
Aromatic amino acids
Charged amino acids
Denaturation
14. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Proteoglycans
Extreme halophiles
Beta barrel
Prokaryote
15. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Prostaglandin
Hemidesmosomes
Nonpolar amino acids
Cytoplasm
16. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Cell Theory
Fat (composition)
Secondary cell wall
17. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Polar uncharged amino acids
Kinesin
Secondary cell wall
18. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Flagellum
Gap junction
Cyanobacteria
Amylose
19. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cell Theory
DNA (location)
Tight junctions
20. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Beta glucose ring
Domains
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Flagellum
21. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Prokaryote
Charged amino acids
Beta barrel
22. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Secondary cell wall
ATP (composition)
Special function amino acids
Monosaccharide
23. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Glycoproteins
Adherins junctions
Plasmodesmata
Integrins
24. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Major categories of macromolecules
Peptidoglycan
Pinocytosis
Prokaryote
25. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Functions or proteins
5 classes of amino acids
Miller - Urey experiment
Plastids
26. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Centrosome
Hydrolysis
Beta barrel
Bacteria
27. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Plastids
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hydrocarbons
First law of thermodynamics
28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Purines (characteristics)
Integrins
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Microtubules
Pyrimidines (identify)
ATP (composition)
Prostaglandin
30. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amino acid (composition)
Chromosome
Amylose
Major categories of macromolecules
31. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Glycoproteins
Miller - Urey experiment
Cell Theory
Microtubules
32. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Hypercholesterolemia
C - H - O - N - S
Adherins junctions
Cadherin
33. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Purines (identify)
Phosphdiester bond
Clathrin
Major categories of macromolecules
34. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Glycolipids
Extreme thermophiles
Tight junctions
Gram positive bacteria
35. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Major categories of macromolecules
Complimentary bases
Kinesin
36. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Prokaryote
Collagen
Primary level of protein structure
Plastids
37. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Cadherin
Aromatic amino acids
Kinesin
Purines (characteristics)
38. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Gap junction
Plastids
39. Components of cytoskeleton
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Fat (characteristics)
Desmosomes
Quaternary level of protein structure
40. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Collagen
Differences between RNA and DNA
Prostaglandin
Nucleolus
41. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Beta barrel
Nucleolus
Amylopectin
Purines (identify)
42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Chaperone proteins
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Intermediate filaments
Quaternary level of protein structure
43. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Beta glucose ring
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Purines (characteristics)
Cytoplasm
44. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Differences between RNA and DNA
Spectrin
Middle lamella
Tight junctions
45. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Polar uncharged amino acids
Disaccharide
Bacteriorhodopsin
Cellulose
46. Two simple sugars joined together
Secondary cell wall
Disaccharide
Glycolipids
Purines (identify)
47. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Extreme halophiles
Nucleolus
Glycerol
48. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Proteoglycans
Methanogens
Fibronectin
49. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Bacteriorhodopsin
Chromosome
Chaperone proteins
Peptidoglycan
50. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Purines (identify)
ATP (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
Functions or proteins
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