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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






2. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






3. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






4. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






5. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






6. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






7. Two simple sugars joined together






8. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






9. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






10. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






11. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






12. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






13. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






14. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






15. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






16. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






17. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






18. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






19. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






20. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






21. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






22. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






23. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






24. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






25. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






26. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






27. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






28. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






29. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






30. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






31. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






32. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






33. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






34. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






35. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






36. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






37. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






38. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






39. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






40. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






41. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






42. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






43. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






44. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






45. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






46. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






47. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






48. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






49. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains