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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






2. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






3. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






4. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






5. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






6. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






7. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






8. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






9. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






10. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






11. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






12. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






13. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






14. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






15. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






16. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






17. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






18. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






19. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






20. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






21. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






22. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






23. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






24. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






25. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






26. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






27. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






28. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






29. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






30. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






31. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






32. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






33. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






34. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






35. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






36. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






37. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






38. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






39. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






41. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






42. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






43. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






44. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






45. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






46. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






47. The bond between two sugar molecules






48. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






49. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






50. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.