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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






2. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






3. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






4. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






5. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






6. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






7. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






8. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






9. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






10. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






11. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






12. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






15. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






16. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






17. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






19. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






20. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






21. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






22. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






23. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






25. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






26. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






27. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






28. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






30. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






31. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






32. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






33. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






34. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






35. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






36. Two simple sugars joined together






37. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






38. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






39. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






40. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






41. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






42. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






43. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






44. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






45. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






46. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






47. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






48. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






49. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






50. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group