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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






2. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






3. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






4. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






5. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






6. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






7. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






8. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






9. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






10. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






11. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






12. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






13. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






14. The bond between two sugar molecules






15. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






16. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






17. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






18. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






19. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






20. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






21. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






22. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






23. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






24. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






25. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






26. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






27. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






28. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






29. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






30. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






31. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






33. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






34. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






35. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






36. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






37. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






38. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






39. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






40. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






41. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






42. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






43. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






44. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






45. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






46. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






47. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






48. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






49. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






50. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.