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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Nucleolus
Extracellular matrix
Beta barrel
Secondary level of protein structure
2. The bond between two sugar molecules
Alpha glucose ring
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Glycosidic bond
Clathrin
3. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Plasmodesmata
Gram positive bacteria
4. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Hemidesmosomes
Archaebacteria
Phosphdiester bond
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
5. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Amino acid (composition)
Motifs
Centrosome
Extreme halophiles
6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Central vacuole
Microtubules
Primary level of protein structure
Cenriole
7. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Hemidesmosomes
Phospholipid (composition)
Amylose
Starch
8. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
DNA (location)
Desmosomes
Archaebacteria
Dynein
9. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Countertransport
Denaturation
Bacteria
Functions or proteins
10. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Steriod
Prostaglandin
Hydrolysis
11. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Purines (identify)
DNA (location)
Hypercholesterolemia
Primary level of protein structure
12. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Cellulose
Centrosome
Disaccharide
Secondary cell wall
13. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Peptide bond
Clathrin
Bacteriorhodopsin
Glycerol
14. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Glycerol
Complimentary bases
Monosaccharide
First law of thermodynamics
15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Chitin
Dynein
Secondary cell wall
16. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Purines (identify)
Peptide bond
Keratin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
17. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
C - H - O - N - S
Cytoplasm
Central vacuole
18. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Fat (composition)
Cadherin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Collagen
19. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Purines (characteristics)
Glycerol
Keratin
Steriod
20. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Integrins
Miller - Urey experiment
Collagen
Bacteriorhodopsin
21. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Nucleolus
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Microtubules
Centrosome
22. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Fat (characteristics)
Central vacuole
Flagellum
Extracellular matrix
23. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Desmosomes
Hydrolysis
Secondary level of protein structure
First law of thermodynamics
24. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Pinocytosis
Purines (characteristics)
Beta glucose ring
Starch
25. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Cadherin
Fibronectin
Antiport
Phosphdiester bond
26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
DNA (location)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Anchoring junction
27. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Countertransport
Motifs
Dehydration synthesis
Differences between RNA and DNA
28. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Primary level of protein structure
Middle lamella
Glycosidic bond
29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Extracellular matrix
Fat (characteristics)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Rossman fold
30. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Differences between RNA and DNA
Extreme halophiles
Dehydration synthesis
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
31. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Functions or proteins
Secondary cell wall
Hemidesmosomes
32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Intermediate filaments
Steriod
Rossman fold
Extracellular matrix
33. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Nucleolus
Microtubules
Chitin
Chaperone proteins
34. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Phospholipid (composition)
xtrusion
Polar uncharged amino acids
Prostaglandin
35. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Peptide bond
Monosaccharide
Quaternary level of protein structure
36. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Quaternary level of protein structure
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Extracellular matrix
Microtubules
37. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Amylopectin
ATP (composition)
Phospholipid (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
38. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Differences between RNA and DNA
Amino acid (composition)
Middle lamella
Charged amino acids
39. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Bacteriorhodopsin
Flagellum
Polar uncharged amino acids
Tight junctions
40. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Disaccharide
Glycoproteins
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
ATP (composition)
41. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Differences between RNA and DNA
Prokaryote
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Tight junctions
42. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Amylose
Glycoproteins
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
43. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Domains
Major categories of macromolecules
Cadherin
Nonpolar amino acids
44. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Hydrolysis
Alpha glucose ring
Motifs
Steriod
45. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
Charged amino acids
Beta glucose ring
C - H - O - N - S
46. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Fatty acid
Pyrimidines (identify)
Prokaryote
C - H - O - N - S
47. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Aromatic amino acids
Cadherin
Prokaryote
48. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Starch
Glycoproteins
Purines (characteristics)
Centrosome
49. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Complimentary bases
Domains
Prostaglandin
Chaperone proteins
50. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Monosaccharide
Purines (characteristics)
Amino acid (composition)
Cell Theory