Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






2. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






3. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






4. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






5. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






6. Adenine and Guanine






7. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






8. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






9. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






10. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






11. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






12. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






13. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






14. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






15. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






16. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






17. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






18. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






19. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






20. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






21. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






22. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






23. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






24. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






25. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






26. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






27. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






28. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






29. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






31. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






32. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






34. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






35. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






37. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






38. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






39. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






40. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






41. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






42. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






43. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






44. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






45. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






46. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






47. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






48. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






49. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






50. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine