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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






2. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






3. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






4. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






5. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






6. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






7. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






8. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






9. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






10. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






11. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






12. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






13. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






14. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






15. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. Adenine and Guanine






18. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






19. Two simple sugars joined together






20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






21. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






22. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






23. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






24. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






25. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






26. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






27. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






28. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






29. The bond between two sugar molecules






30. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






31. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






32. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






34. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






36. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






37. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






38. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






39. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






40. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






41. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






42. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






43. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






44. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






45. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






46. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






47. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






48. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






49. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution