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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






3. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






4. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






5. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






6. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






7. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






8. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






9. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






10. The bond between two sugar molecules






11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






12. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






13. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






14. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






15. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






16. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






17. Adenine and Guanine






18. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






19. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






20. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






21. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






22. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






23. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






24. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






25. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






26. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






27. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






28. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






29. Components of cytoskeleton






30. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






31. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






32. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






33. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






34. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






35. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






36. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






37. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






38. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






39. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






40. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






41. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






42. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






43. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






44. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






45. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






46. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






47. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






48. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






49. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).