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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






2. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






3. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






4. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






5. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






6. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






7. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






8. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






9. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






10. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






11. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






12. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






13. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






14. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






15. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






16. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






17. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






18. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






19. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






20. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






21. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






22. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






23. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






25. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






26. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






27. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






28. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






29. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






30. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






31. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






32. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






33. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






34. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






35. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






36. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






37. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






38. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






39. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






40. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






41. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






42. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






43. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






44. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






45. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






46. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






47. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






48. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






49. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






50. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic







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