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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






2. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






3. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






4. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






5. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






6. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






7. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






8. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






9. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






10. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






12. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






13. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






14. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






15. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






16. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






17. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






18. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






19. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






20. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






21. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






22. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






23. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






24. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






26. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






27. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






28. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






29. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






30. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






31. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






32. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






33. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






34. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






35. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






36. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






37. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






38. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






40. Adenine and Guanine






41. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






42. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






43. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






44. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






45. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






46. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






48. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






49. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






50. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support