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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






2. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






3. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






4. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






5. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






8. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






9. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






10. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






11. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






12. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






14. Two simple sugars joined together






15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






16. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






17. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






18. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






19. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






20. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






21. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






22. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






23. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






24. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






25. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






26. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






27. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






28. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






29. The bond between two sugar molecules






30. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






31. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






32. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






33. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






34. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






35. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






36. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






37. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






38. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






39. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






40. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






41. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






42. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






44. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






45. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






46. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






47. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






48. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






49. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells