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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






2. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






3. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






4. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






5. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






6. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






7. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






9. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






10. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






11. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






12. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






13. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






14. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






15. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






16. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






17. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






18. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






19. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






20. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






21. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






22. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






23. Adenine and Guanine






24. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






25. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






26. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






27. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






28. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






29. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






31. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






32. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






33. The bond between two sugar molecules






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






36. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






37. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






38. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






39. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






40. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






41. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






42. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






43. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






44. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






45. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






47. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






48. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






49. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






50. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine