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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






4. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






5. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






6. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






7. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






8. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






9. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






10. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






11. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






12. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






13. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






14. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






15. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






16. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






17. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






18. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






19. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






20. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






21. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






22. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






23. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






24. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






25. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






26. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






27. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






28. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






29. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






31. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






32. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






33. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






34. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






35. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






36. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






38. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






39. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






40. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






41. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






42. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






43. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






44. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






45. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






46. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






47. Adenine and Guanine






48. Two simple sugars joined together






49. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






50. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH