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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






2. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






3. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






4. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






5. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






6. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






7. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






8. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






9. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






10. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






12. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






13. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






14. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






15. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






16. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






17. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






18. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






19. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






20. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






21. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






22. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






23. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






24. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






25. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






26. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






27. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






28. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






29. The bond between two sugar molecules






30. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






31. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






32. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






33. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






34. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






35. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






36. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






38. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






39. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






40. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






41. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






42. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






43. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






44. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






46. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






47. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






48. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






49. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






50. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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