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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two simple sugars joined together






2. Components of cytoskeleton






3. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






4. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






6. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






7. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






8. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






9. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






10. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






11. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






12. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






13. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






14. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






15. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






16. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






17. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






18. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






19. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






20. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






21. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






22. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






23. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






24. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






25. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






26. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






27. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






28. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






29. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






30. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






31. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






32. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






33. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






34. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






35. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






36. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






37. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






38. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






39. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






40. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






41. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






42. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






43. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






44. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






45. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






46. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






47. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






48. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






49. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






50. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers