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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






2. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






3. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






4. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






5. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






6. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






7. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






8. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






9. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






10. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






11. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






12. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






13. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






14. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






15. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






16. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






17. The bond between two sugar molecules






18. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






19. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






20. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






21. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






22. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






23. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






24. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






25. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






26. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






27. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






28. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






29. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






30. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






31. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






32. Adenine and Guanine






33. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






34. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






35. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






37. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






38. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






40. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






41. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






42. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






43. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






44. Components of cytoskeleton






45. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






46. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






48. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






49. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






50. Most common atoms found in biological molecules