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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Cadherin
Pinocytosis
Chaperone proteins
ATP (composition)
2. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Intermediate filaments
First law of thermodynamics
3. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Phosphdiester bond
Glycosidic bond
Primary level of protein structure
Nucleolus
4. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Prokaryote
Plastids
Fatty acid
Kinesin
5. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Chaperone proteins
Purines (characteristics)
Pyrimidines (identify)
5 classes of amino acids
6. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylopectin
Amylose
Secondary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (identify)
7. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Flagellum
Dynein
Complimentary bases
Cyanobacteria
8. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Disaccharide
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
9. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Cell Theory
Dehydration synthesis
Middle lamella
Rossman fold
10. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Beta barrel
Intermediate filaments
Nonpolar amino acids
11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Motifs
Countertransport
Glycoproteins
Adherins junctions
12. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
C - H - O - N - S
Clathrin
DNA (location)
Special function amino acids
13. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Nucleotide (composition)
Beta glucose ring
C - H - O - N - S
Integrins
14. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Beta barrel
Phospholipid (composition)
Countertransport
Adherins junctions
15. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Middle lamella
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Dynein
16. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Cadherin
Gram positive bacteria
Primary cell wall
Miller - Urey experiment
17. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Dehydration synthesis
Methanogens
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Phosphdiester bond
18. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Miller - Urey experiment
Cellulose
Fat (characteristics)
Proteoglycans
19. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Miller - Urey experiment
Countertransport
Motifs
Middle lamella
20. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Extreme thermophiles
Hypercholesterolemia
Phosphdiester bond
Cell Theory
21. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Chitin
Peptide bond
Differences between RNA and DNA
Fatty acid
22. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Amylose
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Prostaglandin
Extracellular matrix
23. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Prokaryote
Fatty acid
Cellulose
Major categories of macromolecules
24. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
DNA (location)
Fat (characteristics)
Gap junction
25. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Clathrin
Cytoskeleton
Cyanobacteria
26. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Fatty acid
Amino acid (composition)
Primary level of protein structure
Bacteriorhodopsin
27. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Flagellum
Differences between RNA and DNA
Amino acid (composition)
Disaccharide
28. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Beta glucose ring
Gap junction
Purines (characteristics)
29. The bond between two sugar molecules
Motifs
Glycosidic bond
Bacteriorhodopsin
Rossman fold
30. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
C - H - O - N - S
Gram positive bacteria
First law of thermodynamics
Peptidoglycan
31. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
C - H - O - N - S
Secondary cell wall
Proteoglycans
Charged amino acids
32. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Glycerol
Cell Theory
Keratin
Microtubules
33. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Special function amino acids
Purines (identify)
Cadherin
34. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Cadherin
Adherins junctions
Prokaryote
Fat (composition)
35. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Rossman fold
Chromosome
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycogen
36. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Amylose
Bacteria
Flagellum
Antiport
37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Hydrolysis
Chitin
C - H - O - N - S
38. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Fat (characteristics)
Pinocytosis
Secondary level of protein structure
39. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Denaturation
Centrosome
Fibronectin
40. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Major categories of macromolecules
Plasmodesmata
Extracellular matrix
Denaturation
41. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Plastids
Central vacuole
Functions or proteins
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
42. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Steriod
Peptide bond
Cellulose
43. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Bacteria
Cellulose
Beta glucose ring
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
44. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Domains
Secondary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
Cytoskeleton
45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycolipids
Glycerol
Functions or proteins
Cyanobacteria
46. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
xtrusion
Cadherin
Fibronectin
Prostaglandin
47. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Central vacuole
Chitin
Cyanobacteria
Disaccharide
48. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Glycogen
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Special function amino acids
xtrusion
49. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Peptidoglycan
Extracellular matrix
Extreme halophiles
C - H - O - N - S
50. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Cyanobacteria
Primary cell wall
Dynein
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