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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






2. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






3. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






4. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






5. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






6. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






8. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






9. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






11. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






12. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






13. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






14. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






15. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






16. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






17. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






18. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






19. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






20. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






21. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






22. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






23. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






24. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






25. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






26. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






27. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






30. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






31. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






32. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






33. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






34. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






35. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






36. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






37. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






38. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






39. Components of cytoskeleton






40. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






41. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






43. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






44. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






45. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






46. Two simple sugars joined together






47. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






48. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






49. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






50. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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