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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Purines (identify)
Collagen
Desmosomes
Primary level of protein structure
2. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Anchoring junction
Middle lamella
Flagellum
xtrusion
3. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Nucleotide (composition)
Prostaglandin
Polar uncharged amino acids
4. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Amylose
Amino acid (composition)
Countertransport
Prokaryote
5. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Fibronectin
Primary level of protein structure
Charged amino acids
Desmosomes
6. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Proteoglycans
Anchoring junction
DNA (location)
7. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Complimentary bases
Prostaglandin
Flagellum
Cytoskeleton
8. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Glycoproteins
Purines (characteristics)
Alpha glucose ring
9. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Tight junctions
Chitin
Nucleolus
10. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Cadherin
Aromatic amino acids
Antiport
Spectrin
11. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Peptidoglycan
Denaturation
Differences between RNA and DNA
Plasmodesmata
12. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
xtrusion
Dehydration synthesis
Keratin
Countertransport
13. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Functions or proteins
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Amino acid (composition)
Fat (composition)
14. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Nonpolar amino acids
Keratin
Anchoring junction
Fat (characteristics)
15. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Fat (composition)
Primary cell wall
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Gap junction
16. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Cenriole
Miller - Urey experiment
Primary level of protein structure
Bacteriorhodopsin
17. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Purines (characteristics)
Amino acid (composition)
Kinesin
18. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Special function amino acids
Fatty acid
Peptidoglycan
Aromatic amino acids
19. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Motifs
Charged amino acids
Adherins junctions
Phospholipid (composition)
20. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Denaturation
Anchoring junction
Functions or proteins
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
21. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Purines (identify)
Centrosome
Microtubules
Pinocytosis
22. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Hydrocarbons
Spectrin
Desmosomes
Phosphdiester bond
23. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Peptidoglycan
xtrusion
Extreme thermophiles
24. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Nucleolus
Motifs
Collagen
25. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Phospholipid (composition)
Functions or proteins
Aromatic amino acids
26. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Charged amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
Hypercholesterolemia
Extreme halophiles
27. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Complimentary bases
Starch
Fatty acid
Plasmodesmata
28. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Quaternary level of protein structure
Hypercholesterolemia
Gram positive bacteria
Special function amino acids
29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Special function amino acids
Plasmodesmata
Chromosome
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
30. Two simple sugars joined together
Cytoskeleton
Hydrocarbons
Disaccharide
Collagen
31. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Cenriole
Clathrin
Miller - Urey experiment
32. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Prostaglandin
C - H - O - N - S
Functions or proteins
Pyrimidines (identify)
33. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Miller - Urey experiment
Aromatic amino acids
Extreme thermophiles
34. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Desmosomes
Polar uncharged amino acids
Functions or proteins
Chromosome
35. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Chitin
Nucleolus
Alpha glucose ring
Peptide bond
36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Prostaglandin
Beta glucose ring
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Amino acid (composition)
37. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Dynein
Cytoplasm
Plasmodesmata
Glycosidic bond
38. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Major categories of macromolecules
First law of thermodynamics
Cellulose
Glycolipids
39. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Centrosome
Prostaglandin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Nucleotide (composition)
40. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Disaccharide
Glycosidic bond
Denaturation
Plasmodesmata
41. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Pinocytosis
Archaebacteria
Glycoproteins
Secondary cell wall
42. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hemidesmosomes
DNA (location)
Miller - Urey experiment
43. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Dehydration synthesis
First law of thermodynamics
Clathrin
44. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Extreme thermophiles
Integrins
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Dynein
45. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Chaperone proteins
Bacteria
Tight junctions
Methanogens
46. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Primary cell wall
Amylopectin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Microtubules
47. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Denaturation
Keratin
Antiport
48. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
C - H - O - N - S
Steriod
Alpha glucose ring
Gap junction
49. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Anchoring junction
Steriod
Cytoskeleton
Complimentary bases
50. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Glycoproteins
Miller - Urey experiment
DNA (location)
Hemidesmosomes
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