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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Glycolipids
Secondary level of protein structure
Prokaryote
Kinesin
2. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Complimentary bases
Intermediate filaments
Monosaccharide
3. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Cellulose
Amino acid (composition)
Purines (characteristics)
4. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Chaperone proteins
Cyanobacteria
DNA (location)
Middle lamella
5. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Beta barrel
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Anchoring junction
Rossman fold
6. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Nonpolar amino acids
Steriod
First law of thermodynamics
Glycoproteins
7. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Central vacuole
Nucleotide (composition)
Special function amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
8. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Major categories of macromolecules
Amylose
Purines (identify)
Gram positive bacteria
9. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Glycosidic bond
Miller - Urey experiment
Dynein
Hemidesmosomes
10. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Special function amino acids
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Fibronectin
11. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Quaternary level of protein structure
Tight junctions
Functions or proteins
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
12. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Spectrin
Chromosome
Cellulose
Dynein
13. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Proteoglycans
Extreme halophiles
Nucleolus
C - H - O - N - S
14. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
5 classes of amino acids
Beta glucose ring
Proteoglycans
Charged amino acids
15. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Alpha glucose ring
Collagen
Primary cell wall
16. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Microtubules
Chaperone proteins
Proteoglycans
Secondary level of protein structure
17. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Nucleolus
Starch
Gap junction
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Fat (composition)
Hemidesmosomes
Fatty acid
19. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Extreme halophiles
Quaternary level of protein structure
Starch
Peptide bond
20. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Monosaccharide
Plastids
Flagellum
Extracellular matrix
21. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Antiport
Clathrin
Domains
Intermediate filaments
22. The bond between two sugar molecules
Countertransport
Extracellular matrix
Glycosidic bond
C - H - O - N - S
23. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Hemidesmosomes
Chaperone proteins
Chitin
24. Two simple sugars joined together
Flagellum
Purines (characteristics)
Disaccharide
Domains
25. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Glycosidic bond
Flagellum
Fat (characteristics)
Aromatic amino acids
26. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Major categories of macromolecules
Microtubules
Anchoring junction
27. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Dynein
Chromosome
Peptidoglycan
Extracellular matrix
28. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Aromatic amino acids
Spectrin
Hydrocarbons
29. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Hemidesmosomes
Keratin
Pinocytosis
Fatty acid
30. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Archaebacteria
Purines (identify)
xtrusion
Desmosomes
31. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Primary level of protein structure
Hydrocarbons
Amylose
Major categories of macromolecules
32. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Glycerol
Bacteria
Nucleolus
Pyrimidines (identify)
33. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Amino acid (composition)
Middle lamella
Alpha glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
34. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Central vacuole
Spectrin
Miller - Urey experiment
Pinocytosis
35. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
First law of thermodynamics
Cell Theory
Cytoskeleton
Monosaccharide
36. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Phospholipid (composition)
xtrusion
Quaternary level of protein structure
Prostaglandin
37. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
5 classes of amino acids
Hydrocarbons
Amino acid (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
38. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Monosaccharide
Chromosome
C - H - O - N - S
Microtubules
39. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cyanobacteria
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Disaccharide
40. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Charged amino acids
Bacteriorhodopsin
Nucleotide (composition)
41. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Amino acid (composition)
Extreme halophiles
Adherins junctions
Functions or proteins
42. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Integrins
Pinocytosis
Motifs
43. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Disaccharide
Bacteriorhodopsin
Desmosomes
Methanogens
44. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Desmosomes
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
45. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Kinesin
Hydrocarbons
Microtubules
Nonpolar amino acids
46. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycolipids
Glycerol
Secondary level of protein structure
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Plastids
Bacteriorhodopsin
Fatty acid
Alpha glucose ring
48. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Alpha glucose ring
Cytoplasm
Keratin
49. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Starch
C - H - O - N - S
Cellulose
Primary level of protein structure
50. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Plastids
Complimentary bases
Fatty acid
Anchoring junction