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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






2. Two simple sugars joined together






3. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






4. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






5. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






6. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






7. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






8. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






9. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






10. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






11. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






12. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






13. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






14. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






16. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






17. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






18. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






19. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






20. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






21. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






22. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






23. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






24. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






25. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






26. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






27. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






28. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






29. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






30. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






31. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






32. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






33. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






34. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






35. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






36. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






37. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






38. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






39. The bond between two sugar molecules






40. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






41. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






42. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






44. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






46. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






47. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






48. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






49. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






50. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine