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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






2. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






3. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






4. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






5. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






6. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






7. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






8. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






9. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






10. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






11. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






12. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






13. Adenine and Guanine






14. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






15. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






16. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






17. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






18. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






19. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






21. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






22. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






23. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






24. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






25. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






26. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






28. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






29. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






30. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






31. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






32. The bond between two sugar molecules






33. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






34. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






35. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






36. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






37. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






38. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






39. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






40. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






41. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






42. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






44. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






45. Components of cytoskeleton






46. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






47. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






48. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






49. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






50. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine







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