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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






2. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






3. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






4. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






5. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






6. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






7. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






8. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






9. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






11. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






12. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






13. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






14. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






15. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






18. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






19. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






20. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






21. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






22. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






23. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






24. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






25. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






26. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






27. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






28. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






29. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






30. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






31. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






32. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






33. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






34. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






35. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






36. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






37. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






38. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






39. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






40. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






41. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






42. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






43. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






44. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






45. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






46. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






47. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






48. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






49. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






50. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers