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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






2. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






3. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






4. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






5. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






6. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






8. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






9. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






10. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






12. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






13. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






15. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






16. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






17. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






18. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






19. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






20. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






21. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






22. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






23. Two simple sugars joined together






24. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






25. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






26. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






27. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






30. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






31. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






32. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






33. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






34. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






35. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






37. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






38. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






39. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






40. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






41. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






42. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






43. Components of cytoskeleton






44. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






45. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






46. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






47. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






48. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






49. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






50. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter