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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Proteoglycans
Denaturation
Domains
Beta glucose ring
2. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Anchoring junction
Cell Theory
Beta barrel
3. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Quaternary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Dehydration synthesis
4. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Chitin
Major categories of macromolecules
Domains
Glycogen
5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Starch
Middle lamella
Denaturation
Chitin
6. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Cellulose
Chromosome
Primary level of protein structure
Hypercholesterolemia
7. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Glycosidic bond
Cytoplasm
Pinocytosis
8. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
C - H - O - N - S
Peptide bond
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
9. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Collagen
Microtubules
Pinocytosis
DNA (location)
10. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Glycerol
Amylose
Gap junction
Steriod
11. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Motifs
Primary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Anchoring junction
12. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Keratin
Cytoplasm
Plastids
13. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Secondary level of protein structure
Glycosidic bond
Cytoplasm
Methanogens
14. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Gram positive bacteria
Hydrocarbons
Starch
Integrins
15. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Fat (composition)
Beta glucose ring
Chitin
Major categories of macromolecules
16. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Plasmodesmata
Denaturation
Quaternary level of protein structure
Collagen
17. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Special function amino acids
Bacteria
Secondary cell wall
Cyanobacteria
18. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Polar uncharged amino acids
Complimentary bases
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Middle lamella
19. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Amino acid (composition)
Glycogen
20. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Extracellular matrix
Alpha glucose ring
Fatty acid
21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Peptidoglycan
Gap junction
Secondary level of protein structure
Plasmodesmata
22. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Gram positive bacteria
Prostaglandin
Gap junction
23. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Central vacuole
Monosaccharide
Major categories of macromolecules
24. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Rossman fold
Steriod
C - H - O - N - S
Bacteriorhodopsin
25. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Fat (characteristics)
Peptide bond
Fatty acid
26. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Fat (characteristics)
Flagellum
Amylose
Chromosome
27. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Alpha glucose ring
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Differences between RNA and DNA
28. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Purines (characteristics)
Cell Theory
Proteoglycans
5 classes of amino acids
29. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Proteoglycans
Kinesin
Chromosome
Glycogen
30. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Cellulose
Secondary cell wall
Bacteriorhodopsin
31. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Domains
Plasmodesmata
Anchoring junction
32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Major categories of macromolecules
Alpha glucose ring
Motifs
33. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Hydrocarbons
First law of thermodynamics
34. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Adherins junctions
Purines (identify)
Microtubules
Keratin
35. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Antiport
Gap junction
Middle lamella
36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Quaternary level of protein structure
Central vacuole
Centrosome
Nucleotide (composition)
37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Dynein
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Integrins
Gram positive bacteria
38. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Hemidesmosomes
Fibronectin
Quaternary level of protein structure
39. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Fibronectin
Chaperone proteins
Secondary level of protein structure
Rossman fold
40. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Differences between RNA and DNA
Flagellum
Domains
Cytoskeleton
41. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Centrosome
Polar uncharged amino acids
Keratin
42. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Plasmodesmata
Prokaryote
Primary level of protein structure
Hemidesmosomes
43. Adenine and Guanine
Adherins junctions
Amylose
Major categories of macromolecules
Purines (identify)
44. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Primary level of protein structure
Intermediate filaments
Complimentary bases
45. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Methanogens
Kinesin
Antiport
Glycosidic bond
46. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Polar uncharged amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
Extreme halophiles
Dehydration synthesis
47. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Amylose
Integrins
DNA (location)
Spectrin
48. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Rossman fold
Kinesin
Extreme thermophiles
Aromatic amino acids
49. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
xtrusion
Fat (characteristics)
Proteoglycans
Bacteriorhodopsin
50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Plasmodesmata
Phospholipid (composition)
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis