SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Primary cell wall
DNA (location)
Gram positive bacteria
Chaperone proteins
2. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Fat (characteristics)
Methanogens
Bacteriorhodopsin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
3. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
C - H - O - N - S
Hypercholesterolemia
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Primary cell wall
4. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Cenriole
Beta glucose ring
Miller - Urey experiment
5. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Special function amino acids
xtrusion
Complimentary bases
Tertiaty level of protein structure
6. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Phospholipid (composition)
Cenriole
Fatty acid
Hydrolysis
7. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Purines (identify)
Secondary level of protein structure
Fatty acid
Methanogens
8. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
DNA (location)
Chitin
Hemidesmosomes
Flagellum
9. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Tight junctions
Bacteriorhodopsin
Primary level of protein structure
Phospholipid (composition)
10. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
C - H - O - N - S
Cenriole
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Beta barrel
11. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Dehydration synthesis
Disaccharide
Gap junction
Prostaglandin
12. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Major categories of macromolecules
Kinesin
13. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Plastids
Monosaccharide
Glycolipids
Centrosome
14. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Extreme halophiles
First law of thermodynamics
Beta barrel
15. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Clathrin
C - H - O - N - S
Steriod
Flagellum
16. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Nucleolus
Denaturation
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hydrolysis
17. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Purines (identify)
Cellulose
Adherins junctions
Bacteriorhodopsin
18. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Intermediate filaments
Rossman fold
Hypercholesterolemia
19. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Major categories of macromolecules
Plastids
Aromatic amino acids
Beta glucose ring
20. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Glycoproteins
Hypercholesterolemia
Secondary level of protein structure
Peptidoglycan
21. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cytoplasm
Denaturation
22. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Kinesin
Cellulose
Purines (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
23. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Prostaglandin
Aromatic amino acids
Hemidesmosomes
Beta glucose ring
24. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Fat (composition)
Spectrin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cenriole
25. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Adherins junctions
Gap junction
Antiport
26. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Integrins
Nonpolar amino acids
Peptide bond
Functions or proteins
27. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Plasmodesmata
Anchoring junction
Cyanobacteria
Cadherin
28. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Functions or proteins
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Major categories of macromolecules
Domains
29. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Secondary cell wall
Archaebacteria
Hypercholesterolemia
30. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Cellulose
Nucleolus
Plastids
Glycerol
31. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Cytoskeleton
Phosphdiester bond
Spectrin
Methanogens
32. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Phosphdiester bond
Chitin
Phospholipid (composition)
Centrosome
33. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Extracellular matrix
Charged amino acids
Nucleotide (composition)
Fibronectin
34. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Beta glucose ring
Beta barrel
Fatty acid
35. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Cellulose
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Bacteria
Secondary level of protein structure
36. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Monosaccharide
Hemidesmosomes
Extreme thermophiles
Phospholipid (composition)
37. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Tertiaty level of protein structure
xtrusion
Pinocytosis
Extracellular matrix
38. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Amino acid (composition)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Gram positive bacteria
Differences between RNA and DNA
39. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Keratin
Chitin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
40. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Methanogens
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Hypercholesterolemia
41. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Bacteriorhodopsin
Primary level of protein structure
Central vacuole
Miller - Urey experiment
42. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Chromosome
Purines (identify)
Alpha glucose ring
Bacteria
43. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
C - H - O - N - S
ATP (composition)
Peptidoglycan
44. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Central vacuole
Glycogen
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Disaccharide
ATP (composition)
Microtubules
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
46. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Centrosome
Extracellular matrix
Amylose
Cytoplasm
47. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
5 classes of amino acids
First law of thermodynamics
Peptidoglycan
Proteoglycans
48. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Plastids
Middle lamella
Gram positive bacteria
Special function amino acids
49. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Beta barrel
Nonpolar amino acids
Cadherin
Secondary level of protein structure
50. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Glycosidic bond
Central vacuole
Kinesin
Integrins