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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Amylose
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Gap junction
2. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Amylopectin
Special function amino acids
Beta glucose ring
Desmosomes
3. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Special function amino acids
Kinesin
Proteoglycans
Steriod
4. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Steriod
Glycerol
Gram positive bacteria
5. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Phosphdiester bond
Charged amino acids
Motifs
Amylopectin
6. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cadherin
Chromosome
Cytoplasm
7. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Chromosome
DNA (location)
Peptide bond
xtrusion
8. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Cyanobacteria
Middle lamella
Prokaryote
Monosaccharide
9. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Kinesin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Anchoring junction
Extreme halophiles
10. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cenriole
Cadherin
Archaebacteria
Glycoproteins
11. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Motifs
Glycogen
Collagen
Cadherin
12. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Nonpolar amino acids
Pinocytosis
Glycerol
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
13. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Flagellum
DNA (location)
Dehydration synthesis
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
14. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Cenriole
Chaperone proteins
Peptidoglycan
Central vacuole
15. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Hydrocarbons
Gap junction
Extreme thermophiles
Cell Theory
16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Special function amino acids
Countertransport
Chitin
Rossman fold
17. Adenine and Guanine
xtrusion
Central vacuole
Methanogens
Purines (identify)
18. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Purines (characteristics)
Steriod
Adherins junctions
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
19. Two simple sugars joined together
Nucleolus
Functions or proteins
Disaccharide
xtrusion
20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Collagen
Gap junction
Plasmodesmata
Alpha glucose ring
21. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Hemidesmosomes
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Methanogens
C - H - O - N - S
22. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
DNA (location)
Bacteria
Amino acid (composition)
Nucleolus
23. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Plasmodesmata
Chitin
Motifs
Beta glucose ring
24. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Cytoskeleton
Hypercholesterolemia
Kinesin
Major categories of macromolecules
25. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Intermediate filaments
Fat (composition)
Dynein
26. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Bacteriorhodopsin
Microtubules
Phosphdiester bond
Spectrin
27. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Dynein
Central vacuole
Hydrolysis
28. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Glycoproteins
Peptidoglycan
Microtubules
Dynein
29. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Primary cell wall
Centrosome
Antiport
30. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Methanogens
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Primary cell wall
Microtubules
31. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Tight junctions
Adherins junctions
xtrusion
Quaternary level of protein structure
32. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Monosaccharide
First law of thermodynamics
Hydrocarbons
Desmosomes
33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Anchoring junction
xtrusion
DNA (location)
Peptide bond
34. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Antiport
Hydrolysis
Anchoring junction
Chaperone proteins
35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Antiport
Integrins
Central vacuole
Functions or proteins
36. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Cenriole
Glycogen
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Secondary level of protein structure
37. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Hydrolysis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
C - H - O - N - S
38. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Amino acid (composition)
Cenriole
Primary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
39. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Amylopectin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Fat (composition)
Glycerol
40. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Dynein
Hydrolysis
Prokaryote
Denaturation
41. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
xtrusion
Phospholipid (composition)
Domains
Beta barrel
42. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Gram positive bacteria
Functions or proteins
Intermediate filaments
Fat (characteristics)
43. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Prostaglandin
Secondary level of protein structure
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Hypercholesterolemia
44. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Cell Theory
Polar uncharged amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Amylose
45. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Fat (composition)
Cyanobacteria
Primary cell wall
Aromatic amino acids
46. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cytoplasm
Glycosidic bond
Antiport
47. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Rossman fold
Peptide bond
Kinesin
48. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Purines (identify)
Glycogen
Fibronectin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
49. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Fat (characteristics)
Purines (identify)
Chromosome
50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Middle lamella
Methanogens
Dehydration synthesis
Monosaccharide