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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






2. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






3. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






4. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






5. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






6. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






7. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






8. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






9. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






10. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






12. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






13. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






14. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






15. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






16. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






17. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






18. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






19. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






20. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






21. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






22. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






23. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






24. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






25. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






26. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






27. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






28. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






29. Adenine and Guanine






30. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






31. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






32. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






33. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






34. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






35. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






36. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






37. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






38. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






39. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






40. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






41. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






42. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






43. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






44. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






45. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






46. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






47. The bond between two sugar molecules






48. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






49. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






50. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells