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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






2. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






3. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






4. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






5. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






6. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






7. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






8. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






9. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






10. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






11. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






12. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






13. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






14. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






15. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






17. Components of cytoskeleton






18. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






19. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






20. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






21. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






22. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






23. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






24. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






25. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






26. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






27. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






28. Two simple sugars joined together






29. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






30. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






31. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






32. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






33. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






36. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






37. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






38. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






39. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






40. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






41. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






42. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






43. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






44. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






45. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






46. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






47. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






48. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






49. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






50. The bond between two sugar molecules