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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






3. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






4. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






5. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






6. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






8. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






9. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






10. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






11. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






12. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






13. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






14. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






15. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






16. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






17. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






18. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






19. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






20. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






21. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






22. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






23. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






24. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






25. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






26. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






27. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






28. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






29. Components of cytoskeleton






30. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






31. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






32. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






33. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






34. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






35. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






36. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






37. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






38. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






39. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






40. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






41. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






43. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






44. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






45. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






46. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






47. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






48. The bond between two sugar molecules






49. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






50. Two simple sugars joined together