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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






2. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






3. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






4. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






5. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






6. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






8. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






9. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






10. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






11. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






12. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






13. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






14. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






15. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






17. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






18. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






19. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






20. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






21. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






22. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






23. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






24. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






26. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






27. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






28. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






29. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






30. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






31. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






32. Components of cytoskeleton






33. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






34. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






35. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






36. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






37. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






38. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






39. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






41. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






42. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






43. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






44. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






45. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






46. Two simple sugars joined together






47. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






48. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






49. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






50. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine