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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






2. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






3. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






4. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






5. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






6. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






7. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






8. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






9. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






10. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






11. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






12. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






13. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






14. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






15. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






16. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






17. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






18. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






19. Two simple sugars joined together






20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






21. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






22. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






23. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






24. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






26. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






27. Components of cytoskeleton






28. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






29. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






30. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






31. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






32. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






33. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






34. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






35. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






36. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






37. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






38. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






39. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






40. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






41. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






42. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






43. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






44. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






45. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






48. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






49. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






50. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out