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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Denaturation
Plasmodesmata
Microtubules
2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Miller - Urey experiment
Nucleotide (composition)
Motifs
Amylose
3. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Charged amino acids
Middle lamella
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
4. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Special function amino acids
Microtubules
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
5. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Amylopectin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Purines (characteristics)
6. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Cenriole
Dynein
ATP (composition)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
7. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Adherins junctions
Special function amino acids
Dehydration synthesis
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
8. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Pinocytosis
Glycogen
Archaebacteria
Keratin
9. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Alpha glucose ring
Chromosome
Collagen
Glycerol
10. The bond between two sugar molecules
Amylose
Bacteriorhodopsin
Steriod
Glycosidic bond
11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Tight junctions
Kinesin
Rossman fold
12. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Middle lamella
Prokaryote
Polar uncharged amino acids
13. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Chitin
Beta glucose ring
Pinocytosis
Prokaryote
14. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Microtubules
Chromosome
Cadherin
15. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Extreme thermophiles
Cadherin
Hydrolysis
Quaternary level of protein structure
16. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Countertransport
Spectrin
Glycoproteins
First law of thermodynamics
17. Adenine and Guanine
Peptidoglycan
Fibronectin
Purines (identify)
Nucleolus
18. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Spectrin
Amylose
Countertransport
Complimentary bases
19. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Charged amino acids
Integrins
Extracellular matrix
Alpha glucose ring
20. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Pyrimidines (identify)
Countertransport
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Gram positive bacteria
21. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Amylopectin
5 classes of amino acids
Gap junction
22. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Intermediate filaments
Bacteria
Beta glucose ring
Fat (composition)
23. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cyanobacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Hemidesmosomes
Cellulose
24. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Disaccharide
Kinesin
Chitin
Clathrin
25. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Fat (characteristics)
Extreme thermophiles
Microtubules
26. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Plastids
Extreme halophiles
Pinocytosis
Proteoglycans
27. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Hydrolysis
Keratin
Extreme halophiles
28. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Steriod
xtrusion
Denaturation
Cadherin
29. Components of cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments
Prokaryote
Quaternary level of protein structure
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
30. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Prostaglandin
Dynein
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Proteoglycans
31. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Plastids
Peptidoglycan
Hemidesmosomes
Extracellular matrix
32. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Purines (identify)
Methanogens
Primary level of protein structure
33. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Fat (characteristics)
Kinesin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Starch
34. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Cytoskeleton
Middle lamella
Peptide bond
Glycogen
35. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Extreme thermophiles
Peptidoglycan
Aromatic amino acids
Clathrin
36. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Chromosome
Nucleotide (composition)
37. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Domains
Phosphdiester bond
Motifs
38. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Kinesin
Tight junctions
Denaturation
39. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
C - H - O - N - S
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Rossman fold
40. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Proteoglycans
Antiport
41. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Integrins
Cytoplasm
Spectrin
Hemidesmosomes
42. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Beta barrel
Amino acid (composition)
Cytoplasm
Secondary cell wall
43. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Cadherin
Keratin
Extracellular matrix
Plastids
44. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Nucleotide (composition)
Cytoplasm
Glycerol
45. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Intermediate filaments
First law of thermodynamics
Centrosome
Nucleotide (composition)
46. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Purines (identify)
Hydrocarbons
Chromosome
Gram positive bacteria
47. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Plastids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Purines (identify)
48. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Glycoproteins
Disaccharide
Chaperone proteins
Rossman fold
49. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Hypercholesterolemia
Fatty acid
Amino acid (composition)
50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Plastids
Starch
Polar uncharged amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)