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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






2. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






3. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






4. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






5. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






6. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






7. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






8. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






9. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






10. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






11. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






12. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






13. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






14. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






15. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






16. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






17. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






18. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






19. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






20. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






21. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






22. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






23. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






24. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






25. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






26. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






27. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






28. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






29. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






30. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






31. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






32. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






33. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






34. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






35. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






36. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






37. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






38. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






39. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






40. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






41. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






42. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






43. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






44. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






46. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






47. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






48. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






49. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






50. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline







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