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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






2. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






3. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






4. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






5. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






6. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






7. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






8. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






9. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






10. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






11. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






12. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






13. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






14. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






15. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






16. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






17. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






18. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






19. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






20. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






21. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






22. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






23. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






24. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






25. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






26. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






27. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






28. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






30. Two simple sugars joined together






31. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






32. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






33. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






34. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






35. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






37. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






38. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






39. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






40. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






41. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






42. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






43. The bond between two sugar molecules






44. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






45. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






46. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






47. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






48. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






49. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






50. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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