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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Cell Theory
Centrosome
Gram positive bacteria
Anchoring junction
2. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Amylose
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Hemidesmosomes
Denaturation
3. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Peptidoglycan
Functions or proteins
Quaternary level of protein structure
Methanogens
4. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Spectrin
Cenriole
Gram positive bacteria
Plastids
5. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Antiport
Glycerol
Steriod
Motifs
6. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Extreme thermophiles
ATP (composition)
Dehydration synthesis
7. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Glycosidic bond
Collagen
5 classes of amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
8. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Intermediate filaments
Amylopectin
9. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Anchoring junction
Beta glucose ring
Plastids
Complimentary bases
10. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
First law of thermodynamics
Quaternary level of protein structure
11. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Proteoglycans
Nonpolar amino acids
C - H - O - N - S
12. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Purines (characteristics)
Dynein
Rossman fold
13. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Miller - Urey experiment
Clathrin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
First law of thermodynamics
14. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Archaebacteria
Nucleotide (composition)
Desmosomes
Gram positive bacteria
15. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Monosaccharide
Integrins
Cellulose
16. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Extracellular matrix
Phosphdiester bond
Cyanobacteria
Chaperone proteins
17. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
First law of thermodynamics
Nucleolus
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cytoskeleton
18. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Integrins
First law of thermodynamics
Fatty acid
Clathrin
19. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Extreme thermophiles
Cenriole
Glycolipids
Peptide bond
20. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Antiport
Microtubules
Central vacuole
First law of thermodynamics
21. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Spectrin
Hypercholesterolemia
Dynein
Chaperone proteins
22. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Bacteriorhodopsin
Complimentary bases
Extreme thermophiles
23. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Hydrolysis
Primary cell wall
Steriod
Nucleolus
24. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Gram positive bacteria
Proteoglycans
Flagellum
Beta glucose ring
25. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
First law of thermodynamics
Archaebacteria
Flagellum
Charged amino acids
26. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Keratin
Glycerol
First law of thermodynamics
Phosphdiester bond
27. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Polar uncharged amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
Bacteria
Collagen
28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Countertransport
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Integrins
Middle lamella
29. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Prokaryote
Pinocytosis
Gram positive bacteria
30. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Hemidesmosomes
Cytoplasm
Fatty acid
Monosaccharide
31. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
First law of thermodynamics
Extreme thermophiles
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Kinesin
32. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Glycerol
Desmosomes
Cadherin
33. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Starch
Miller - Urey experiment
Intermediate filaments
34. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Dehydration synthesis
Amylopectin
Beta glucose ring
Middle lamella
35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Nucleotide (composition)
Fat (characteristics)
Charged amino acids
Beta barrel
36. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Gap junction
Fibronectin
First law of thermodynamics
Extracellular matrix
37. Components of cytoskeleton
Centrosome
Prokaryote
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Phospholipid (composition)
38. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Domains
Chaperone proteins
Nucleotide (composition)
Gap junction
39. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Purines (identify)
Glycogen
Middle lamella
Functions or proteins
40. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Glycogen
Desmosomes
Secondary cell wall
Dehydration synthesis
41. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
ATP (composition)
Beta glucose ring
Alpha glucose ring
Chitin
42. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Steriod
Glycogen
Chromosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
43. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Prostaglandin
Antiport
Major categories of macromolecules
Glycogen
44. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Extreme halophiles
Cytoplasm
Intermediate filaments
Countertransport
45. Two simple sugars joined together
ATP (composition)
Peptide bond
Cytoplasm
Disaccharide
46. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
Extreme halophiles
Pyrimidines (identify)
Quaternary level of protein structure
47. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Hemidesmosomes
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Amino acid (composition)
48. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Intermediate filaments
5 classes of amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
49. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Monosaccharide
Bacteria
Cellulose
Differences between RNA and DNA
50. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Cytoskeleton
Alpha glucose ring
Intermediate filaments
Prokaryote