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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






3. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






4. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






5. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






6. Components of cytoskeleton






7. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






8. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






9. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






11. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






12. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






13. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






14. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






15. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






16. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






17. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






19. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






20. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






21. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






22. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






23. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






24. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






25. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






26. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






27. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






28. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






29. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






30. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






31. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






32. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






33. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






34. The bond between two sugar molecules






35. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






36. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






38. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






39. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






40. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






41. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






42. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






43. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






44. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






45. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






46. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






49. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






50. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves