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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Bacteria
Hemidesmosomes
Chaperone proteins
Countertransport
2. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
Hydrolysis
Nucleolus
Starch
3. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Archaebacteria
Denaturation
Glycolipids
Rossman fold
4. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Functions or proteins
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Quaternary level of protein structure
Middle lamella
5. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Hydrocarbons
Archaebacteria
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
6. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Peptidoglycan
Flagellum
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
7. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Plasmodesmata
Cenriole
Hemidesmosomes
C - H - O - N - S
8. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Hemidesmosomes
Chitin
Kinesin
Integrins
9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Miller - Urey experiment
ATP (composition)
Beta glucose ring
Methanogens
10. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Central vacuole
Anchoring junction
Peptidoglycan
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
11. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Glycoproteins
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
C - H - O - N - S
12. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Adherins junctions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Extreme thermophiles
13. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
First law of thermodynamics
Collagen
Integrins
14. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Hypercholesterolemia
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Secondary level of protein structure
Chaperone proteins
15. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Cytoplasm
Plastids
Amylopectin
Glycolipids
16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Glycoproteins
Methanogens
Prokaryote
17. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Prostaglandin
Cytoskeleton
Extreme thermophiles
Tight junctions
18. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
5 classes of amino acids
Fibronectin
Purines (characteristics)
Cell Theory
19. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Hemidesmosomes
Prokaryote
Intermediate filaments
Dynein
20. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Pinocytosis
Gram positive bacteria
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
21. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
Functions or proteins
xtrusion
22. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Integrins
Differences between RNA and DNA
Extreme halophiles
Tertiaty level of protein structure
23. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Countertransport
Hypercholesterolemia
Methanogens
Hydrocarbons
24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Gap junction
Purines (characteristics)
Peptide bond
Alpha glucose ring
25. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Polar uncharged amino acids
Tight junctions
Glycolipids
Gap junction
26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Purines (identify)
Rossman fold
Alpha glucose ring
Nonpolar amino acids
27. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Collagen
Fatty acid
Dehydration synthesis
Flagellum
28. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Monosaccharide
Peptide bond
Keratin
C - H - O - N - S
29. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
Spectrin
Beta glucose ring
30. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Kinesin
Intermediate filaments
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Differences between RNA and DNA
31. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Keratin
Amylose
Hydrolysis
Major categories of macromolecules
32. Components of cytoskeleton
Countertransport
5 classes of amino acids
Beta barrel
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
33. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Cellulose
ATP (composition)
Special function amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
34. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Complimentary bases
Extracellular matrix
Antiport
Phosphdiester bond
35. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Miller - Urey experiment
Collagen
Nonpolar amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
36. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Beta glucose ring
Kinesin
Cadherin
Cell Theory
37. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Hemidesmosomes
Chromosome
Glycosidic bond
Fatty acid
38. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Disaccharide
Proteoglycans
Methanogens
Dynein
39. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Monosaccharide
Central vacuole
Peptidoglycan
Bacteriorhodopsin
40. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Middle lamella
Alpha glucose ring
41. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Phosphdiester bond
Flagellum
Clathrin
Glycogen
42. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Fibronectin
Phosphdiester bond
Glycosidic bond
Intermediate filaments
43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Spectrin
Prokaryote
Chitin
Amylose
44. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Primary level of protein structure
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Fat (composition)
Peptide bond
45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Purines (characteristics)
5 classes of amino acids
Prostaglandin
Glycerol
46. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Domains
Phospholipid (composition)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hemidesmosomes
47. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Amylose
Hemidesmosomes
Fibronectin
Extracellular matrix
48. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Fatty acid
Quaternary level of protein structure
49. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Charged amino acids
Steriod
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Functions or proteins
50. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Hydrocarbons
Collagen
Extreme halophiles
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)