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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






4. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






5. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






6. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






7. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






8. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






9. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






10. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






11. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






12. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






13. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






14. Adenine and Guanine






15. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






16. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






17. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






18. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






19. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






20. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






21. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






22. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






24. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






25. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






26. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






27. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






28. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






29. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






30. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






31. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






32. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






33. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






34. Components of cytoskeleton






35. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






36. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






37. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






38. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






40. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






41. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






42. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






44. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






45. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






46. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






47. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






48. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






49. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






50. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base