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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






2. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






3. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






4. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






5. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






6. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






7. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






8. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






9. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






10. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






11. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






12. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






13. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






14. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






15. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






16. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






17. Adenine and Guanine






18. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






19. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






20. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






21. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






22. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






23. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






24. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






25. Components of cytoskeleton






26. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






27. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






28. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






29. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






30. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






31. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






32. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






33. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






34. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






35. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






36. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






37. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






38. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






39. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






43. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






44. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






45. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






46. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






47. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






48. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






49. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






50. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic