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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Kinesin
Chromosome
Phospholipid (composition)
Extreme halophiles
2. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Nucleotide (composition)
Desmosomes
Quaternary level of protein structure
Hydrolysis
3. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Denaturation
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Nucleotide (composition)
DNA (location)
4. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Dynein
Glycoproteins
Fatty acid
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
5. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Phosphdiester bond
Glycogen
DNA (location)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
6. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Glycolipids
Motifs
Extreme halophiles
7. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Amino acid (composition)
Monosaccharide
Plasmodesmata
Kinesin
8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Fat (composition)
Alpha glucose ring
Pinocytosis
Fat (characteristics)
9. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Pyrimidines (identify)
Spectrin
Monosaccharide
5 classes of amino acids
10. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Cell Theory
Clathrin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Functions or proteins
11. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Complimentary bases
Clathrin
Methanogens
12. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Dynein
Chaperone proteins
Plastids
Alpha glucose ring
13. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Fibronectin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Charged amino acids
Methanogens
14. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Disaccharide
xtrusion
Extreme halophiles
Functions or proteins
15. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Extreme halophiles
Countertransport
Nucleotide (composition)
Clathrin
16. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Nucleolus
Central vacuole
Cadherin
Phosphdiester bond
17. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Keratin
Starch
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
C - H - O - N - S
18. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Microtubules
Polar uncharged amino acids
Centrosome
19. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Hemidesmosomes
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Peptide bond
20. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Special function amino acids
Collagen
Phosphdiester bond
ATP (composition)
21. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Cyanobacteria
Glycoproteins
Major categories of macromolecules
Intermediate filaments
22. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Nonpolar amino acids
Collagen
Middle lamella
Flagellum
23. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Aromatic amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
Chitin
Countertransport
24. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Bacteria
Aromatic amino acids
Fat (composition)
25. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Glycogen
Steriod
Dehydration synthesis
Keratin
26. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Purines (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
5 classes of amino acids
Hemidesmosomes
27. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Prostaglandin
Cell Theory
Dehydration synthesis
28. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Secondary cell wall
Cadherin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Peptide bond
29. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Alpha glucose ring
Proteoglycans
ATP (composition)
30. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Pinocytosis
Special function amino acids
Nucleolus
Amylopectin
31. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Cyanobacteria
Extreme thermophiles
Glycosidic bond
32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Chromosome
Quaternary level of protein structure
Rossman fold
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
33. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Hemidesmosomes
Integrins
Primary level of protein structure
Plastids
34. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Clathrin
Amylopectin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
35. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Intermediate filaments
Extreme thermophiles
Peptide bond
Gap junction
36. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Tight junctions
Bacteriorhodopsin
Extracellular matrix
Charged amino acids
37. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Aromatic amino acids
Fibronectin
Flagellum
Plasmodesmata
38. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Anchoring junction
Nonpolar amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
Rossman fold
39. Adenine and Guanine
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Purines (identify)
Bacteria
Chromosome
40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Motifs
Antiport
Primary cell wall
41. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Purines (characteristics)
Secondary cell wall
Fatty acid
Prostaglandin
42. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Quaternary level of protein structure
Glycogen
Extreme thermophiles
Bacteriorhodopsin
43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Fibronectin
Secondary cell wall
Beta barrel
Adherins junctions
44. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Extracellular matrix
Dehydration synthesis
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
C - H - O - N - S
45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Disaccharide
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycerol
46. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Cellulose
C - H - O - N - S
Complimentary bases
Antiport
47. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Gram positive bacteria
Phosphdiester bond
Cyanobacteria
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
48. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Tight junctions
Phospholipid (composition)
xtrusion
Special function amino acids
49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Collagen
Chaperone proteins
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Major categories of macromolecules
50. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Centrosome
Miller - Urey experiment
Nucleolus
Fatty acid