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MCAT Biology 3
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Primary cell wall
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Nucleotide (composition)
2. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
First law of thermodynamics
Phospholipid (composition)
Glycogen
Cenriole
3. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Primary level of protein structure
Monosaccharide
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Dehydration synthesis
4. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
Cellulose
Tight junctions
Fibronectin
5. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Nonpolar amino acids
Plastids
Phosphdiester bond
6. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Glycoproteins
Hydrocarbons
Alpha glucose ring
Purines (characteristics)
7. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Monosaccharide
8. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Beta glucose ring
Phospholipid (composition)
Nucleotide (composition)
9. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Purines (identify)
Fatty acid
Secondary level of protein structure
10. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
xtrusion
ATP (composition)
Steriod
Amylopectin
11. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Glycoproteins
Cadherin
Amino acid (composition)
12. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Chitin
Functions or proteins
Keratin
C - H - O - N - S
13. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Chaperone proteins
Pyrimidines (identify)
Prokaryote
14. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Middle lamella
Bacteriorhodopsin
Gram positive bacteria
15. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Beta glucose ring
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Middle lamella
Dehydration synthesis
16. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pinocytosis
Fibronectin
Complimentary bases
17. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Cytoskeleton
Fat (characteristics)
Chromosome
Gram positive bacteria
18. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Hemidesmosomes
Primary cell wall
Miller - Urey experiment
19. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Gram positive bacteria
Motifs
ATP (composition)
20. Adenine and Guanine
Adherins junctions
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Gram positive bacteria
Purines (identify)
21. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Middle lamella
Phospholipid (composition)
Glycoproteins
22. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Dehydration synthesis
Integrins
Countertransport
Motifs
23. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Denaturation
Glycoproteins
Antiport
Extreme halophiles
24. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Hydrolysis
Fatty acid
Peptidoglycan
First law of thermodynamics
25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Cyanobacteria
Amylopectin
Antiport
Disaccharide
26. Components of cytoskeleton
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
5 classes of amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Dehydration synthesis
27. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
Clathrin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Amylopectin
28. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Dehydration synthesis
Glycogen
Miller - Urey experiment
Gram positive bacteria
29. The bond between two sugar molecules
Chaperone proteins
Glycosidic bond
Dehydration synthesis
Cyanobacteria
30. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Hydrocarbons
Primary level of protein structure
Fatty acid
31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Motifs
Nucleotide (composition)
Prostaglandin
Gram positive bacteria
32. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Cytoskeleton
Glycerol
Chaperone proteins
33. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Peptidoglycan
Complimentary bases
34. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Desmosomes
Bacteria
Phosphdiester bond
Glycoproteins
35. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Middle lamella
Nucleotide (composition)
Cyanobacteria
36. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Disaccharide
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Purines (characteristics)
37. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Hypercholesterolemia
Prokaryote
ATP (composition)
38. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Hydrolysis
Cadherin
Pyrimidines (identify)
Charged amino acids
39. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Glycolipids
Tight junctions
Hydrolysis
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Purines (characteristics)
Antiport
Alpha glucose ring
Glycosidic bond
41. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Functions or proteins
Dynein
Charged amino acids
42. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Monosaccharide
Microtubules
Glycerol
Extreme thermophiles
43. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Desmosomes
Dehydration synthesis
Plasmodesmata
Fatty acid
44. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Secondary level of protein structure
Rossman fold
Fat (composition)
45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Hydrolysis
Countertransport
Chaperone proteins
Middle lamella
46. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Tight junctions
Glycosidic bond
Peptide bond
47. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Amylose
Clathrin
Charged amino acids
xtrusion
48. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Motifs
Starch
Countertransport
Nonpolar amino acids
49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Dynein
Collagen
Plastids
50. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
5 classes of amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
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