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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Keratin
Chitin
Functions or proteins
Motifs
2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Chromosome
Anchoring junction
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
DNA (location)
3. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Bacteria
Purines (identify)
Integrins
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
4. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Polar uncharged amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
Plastids
First law of thermodynamics
5. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Secondary level of protein structure
Chaperone proteins
Denaturation
Primary cell wall
6. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Plasmodesmata
Collagen
Miller - Urey experiment
Special function amino acids
7. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Cell Theory
Gap junction
Anchoring junction
8. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Cyanobacteria
Polar uncharged amino acids
Rossman fold
Dynein
9. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Glycogen
Nucleotide (composition)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Integrins
10. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Cell Theory
Denaturation
Anchoring junction
11. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Prostaglandin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Cytoskeleton
12. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Extreme thermophiles
Domains
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Chitin
13. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Hydrolysis
Tight junctions
Plastids
Cytoplasm
14. Adenine and Guanine
Phospholipid (composition)
Beta barrel
Glycogen
Purines (identify)
15. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Extreme thermophiles
Antiport
Steriod
16. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Anchoring junction
Extreme halophiles
Secondary cell wall
Rossman fold
17. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
5 classes of amino acids
Proteoglycans
Peptide bond
18. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Keratin
Purines (identify)
Fat (characteristics)
Archaebacteria
19. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Fat (composition)
Pinocytosis
Glycoproteins
Prostaglandin
20. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Extreme halophiles
Nonpolar amino acids
Bacteria
21. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Microtubules
Archaebacteria
Aromatic amino acids
Central vacuole
22. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Central vacuole
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Extracellular matrix
Monosaccharide
23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Polar uncharged amino acids
Centrosome
Fatty acid
DNA (location)
24. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Polar uncharged amino acids
Nucleolus
Antiport
Hemidesmosomes
25. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Tight junctions
Chaperone proteins
Special function amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
26. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Primary level of protein structure
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Chaperone proteins
C - H - O - N - S
27. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
5 classes of amino acids
Bacteria
Adherins junctions
28. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Hydrolysis
Desmosomes
Nonpolar amino acids
Domains
29. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Kinesin
Centrosome
ATP (composition)
Adherins junctions
30. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
DNA (location)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Extreme halophiles
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
31. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Glycogen
Glycoproteins
Domains
Starch
32. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Domains
Gram positive bacteria
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cytoplasm
33. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Hydrolysis
Cytoskeleton
Glycosidic bond
Central vacuole
34. Components of cytoskeleton
xtrusion
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Tight junctions
35. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Gap junction
Antiport
Amino acid (composition)
Fat (characteristics)
36. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
ATP (composition)
Primary level of protein structure
Purines (characteristics)
Starch
37. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Monosaccharide
Alpha glucose ring
Cellulose
Bacteriorhodopsin
38. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Collagen
Microtubules
Glycogen
Flagellum
39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Cadherin
Rossman fold
Quaternary level of protein structure
Fatty acid
40. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Glycerol
Secondary level of protein structure
Gram positive bacteria
Peptide bond
41. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Major categories of macromolecules
Beta barrel
Antiport
Charged amino acids
42. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
C - H - O - N - S
Cenriole
Cytoskeleton
Proteoglycans
43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Nonpolar amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Peptide bond
44. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Nonpolar amino acids
Archaebacteria
Steriod
Glycosidic bond
45. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Steriod
Purines (identify)
Bacteria
Prokaryote
46. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Hydrolysis
Cytoskeleton
Chaperone proteins
47. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Dynein
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
48. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
C - H - O - N - S
Phosphdiester bond
Tight junctions
49. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Anchoring junction
Starch
Fat (characteristics)
Peptidoglycan
50. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Cyanobacteria
Nucleotide (composition)
Tight junctions
Bacteria