Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






2. The bond between two sugar molecules






3. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






4. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






5. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






6. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






7. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






8. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






9. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






10. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






11. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






12. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






13. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






14. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






15. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






16. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






17. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






18. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






19. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






20. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






21. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






23. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






24. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






25. Two simple sugars joined together






26. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






27. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






28. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






29. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






30. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






31. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






32. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






33. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






34. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






35. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






36. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






37. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






38. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






39. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






40. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






41. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






42. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






43. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






44. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






45. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






46. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






47. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






48. Adenine and Guanine






49. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






50. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic