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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Cadherin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
2. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Functions or proteins
Motifs
Microtubules
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Anchoring junction
Fat (composition)
Middle lamella
First law of thermodynamics
4. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Domains
Alpha glucose ring
Dehydration synthesis
5 classes of amino acids
5. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
5 classes of amino acids
Extreme halophiles
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Middle lamella
6. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Microtubules
Antiport
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Aromatic amino acids
7. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Purines (identify)
Gram positive bacteria
Hypercholesterolemia
Nonpolar amino acids
8. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Complimentary bases
Peptidoglycan
Beta barrel
Peptide bond
9. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
C - H - O - N - S
Denaturation
Glycoproteins
10. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Amino acid (composition)
Beta barrel
First law of thermodynamics
Rossman fold
11. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Secondary cell wall
Integrins
Desmosomes
Centrosome
12. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Nucleotide (composition)
Phosphdiester bond
Amylose
13. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Phospholipid (composition)
Rossman fold
Plasmodesmata
14. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Central vacuole
Kinesin
ATP (composition)
15. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Starch
Keratin
5 classes of amino acids
Dynein
16. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
DNA (location)
Cenriole
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Plasmodesmata
17. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Fatty acid
Methanogens
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Middle lamella
18. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Cell Theory
Kinesin
Special function amino acids
Fat (characteristics)
19. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Fibronectin
Cell Theory
Glycogen
Chaperone proteins
20. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Amylopectin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Motifs
Pinocytosis
21. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Extreme halophiles
Glycoproteins
C - H - O - N - S
22. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
DNA (location)
Starch
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
23. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Dehydration synthesis
Archaebacteria
Chaperone proteins
Aromatic amino acids
24. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Cadherin
Secondary cell wall
Fatty acid
Monosaccharide
25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Hypercholesterolemia
Amylopectin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Tight junctions
26. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Pyrimidines (identify)
Aromatic amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Dehydration synthesis
27. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Denaturation
Proteoglycans
Middle lamella
28. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Centrosome
Nucleotide (composition)
Chaperone proteins
Fatty acid
29. Adenine and Guanine
Desmosomes
Purines (identify)
Extreme halophiles
Glycerol
30. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Fibronectin
Nucleolus
Peptide bond
Primary level of protein structure
31. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Methanogens
Glycoproteins
32. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Chromosome
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Collagen
Kinesin
33. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Major categories of macromolecules
Fibronectin
Archaebacteria
Beta glucose ring
34. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Rossman fold
xtrusion
Pyrimidines (identify)
Amylose
35. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Proteoglycans
Fat (characteristics)
Glycolipids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
36. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Special function amino acids
Desmosomes
Methanogens
xtrusion
37. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Pinocytosis
Domains
Fibronectin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
38. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Dehydration synthesis
Glycosidic bond
Hemidesmosomes
Glycoproteins
39. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Rossman fold
Hydrocarbons
Monosaccharide
Steriod
40. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Chaperone proteins
Glycogen
Collagen
41. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Adherins junctions
Glycerol
Fat (composition)
Miller - Urey experiment
42. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Integrins
Fatty acid
Archaebacteria
Nonpolar amino acids
43. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Cadherin
Archaebacteria
Proteoglycans
Phosphdiester bond
44. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Phospholipid (composition)
Tight junctions
Collagen
Extreme halophiles
45. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Steriod
Integrins
Clathrin
Purines (identify)
46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Glycosidic bond
Cellulose
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Chitin
47. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Pyrimidines (identify)
Cellulose
Spectrin
Keratin
48. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Methanogens
Major categories of macromolecules
First law of thermodynamics
ATP (composition)
49. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Beta glucose ring
Intermediate filaments
Alpha glucose ring
Centrosome
50. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Intermediate filaments
Extreme halophiles
Purines (characteristics)
Nucleolus