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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






2. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






3. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






4. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






5. Components of cytoskeleton






6. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






7. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






8. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






9. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






10. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






11. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






12. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






14. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






15. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






16. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






17. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






18. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






19. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






20. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






21. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






22. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






23. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






24. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






25. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






26. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






27. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






28. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






29. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






30. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






31. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






32. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






33. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






34. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






35. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






36. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






37. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






38. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






39. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






40. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






41. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






42. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






43. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






44. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






45. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






46. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






47. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






48. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






49. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






50. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits