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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






2. The bond between two sugar molecules






3. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






4. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






5. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






7. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






8. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






9. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






10. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






11. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






12. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






13. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






14. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






15. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






16. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






17. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






18. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






19. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






20. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






21. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






22. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






23. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






24. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






25. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






26. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






27. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






28. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






30. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






31. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






33. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






34. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






35. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






36. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






37. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






38. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






39. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






40. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






41. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






42. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






43. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






44. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






45. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






46. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






47. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






48. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






49. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






50. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group