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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Fibronectin
Bacteriorhodopsin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
2. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Cenriole
Proteoglycans
3. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Cellulose
C - H - O - N - S
Denaturation
4. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Miller - Urey experiment
Major categories of macromolecules
Glycerol
Tight junctions
5. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Bacteriorhodopsin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Extreme halophiles
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
6. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Purines (characteristics)
Fibronectin
Steriod
7. The bond between two sugar molecules
5 classes of amino acids
Glycosidic bond
Plastids
Nucleotide (composition)
8. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
DNA (location)
Integrins
Monosaccharide
9. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Cellulose
Prostaglandin
Primary level of protein structure
Amylose
10. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Phospholipid (composition)
Chromosome
Major categories of macromolecules
Pinocytosis
11. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Quaternary level of protein structure
Gram positive bacteria
Nucleotide (composition)
12. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Hydrocarbons
Archaebacteria
Cell Theory
13. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Steriod
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Charged amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
14. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Nonpolar amino acids
xtrusion
Alpha glucose ring
15. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Domains
xtrusion
Glycosidic bond
Amylopectin
16. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Domains
Tight junctions
Fatty acid
Extreme halophiles
17. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Starch
Hydrolysis
Centrosome
Primary cell wall
18. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Glycosidic bond
Fatty acid
Beta barrel
19. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Denaturation
Proteoglycans
Starch
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
20. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Centrosome
Chaperone proteins
Primary cell wall
Antiport
21. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Aromatic amino acids
Cenriole
Kinesin
Charged amino acids
22. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Tight junctions
Steriod
Flagellum
Microtubules
23. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Primary cell wall
Steriod
C - H - O - N - S
24. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Purines (identify)
Chitin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Bacteria
25. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Microtubules
Clathrin
Proteoglycans
Rossman fold
26. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Chaperone proteins
Monosaccharide
Starch
Cellulose
27. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Anchoring junction
Collagen
Integrins
xtrusion
28. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Desmosomes
Purines (identify)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Glycerol
29. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Beta glucose ring
Cytoplasm
Tight junctions
30. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
ATP (composition)
Phosphdiester bond
Adherins junctions
31. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Glycolipids
5 classes of amino acids
Clathrin
Peptide bond
32. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Archaebacteria
Keratin
Peptide bond
Monosaccharide
33. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Cyanobacteria
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Integrins
Amylopectin
34. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Central vacuole
Fat (characteristics)
Prokaryote
Plasmodesmata
35. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Starch
Special function amino acids
36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Fat (characteristics)
Phosphdiester bond
Amylose
Amino acid (composition)
37. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Purines (characteristics)
Nucleotide (composition)
38. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Primary level of protein structure
Hydrocarbons
Purines (identify)
Polar uncharged amino acids
39. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Glycogen
Beta barrel
Fatty acid
40. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Secondary cell wall
Denaturation
Bacteria
Desmosomes
41. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
Fibronectin
Hemidesmosomes
Keratin
42. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Miller - Urey experiment
DNA (location)
Amino acid (composition)
Domains
43. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Cell Theory
Archaebacteria
Antiport
Fatty acid
44. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Charged amino acids
Chitin
Prokaryote
Hemidesmosomes
45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Aromatic amino acids
Cytoplasm
Dynein
Motifs
46. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Peptide bond
ATP (composition)
DNA (location)
Prokaryote
47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Chromosome
Extracellular matrix
5 classes of amino acids
Beta barrel
48. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Primary cell wall
5 classes of amino acids
Hemidesmosomes
49. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Proteoglycans
Purines (identify)
Fibronectin
Aromatic amino acids
50. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Glycoproteins
Cytoskeleton
Complimentary bases
Nonpolar amino acids