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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






2. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






3. Adenine and Guanine






4. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






5. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






6. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






7. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






8. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






9. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






10. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






11. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






12. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






13. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






14. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






15. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






16. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






17. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






18. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






19. Two simple sugars joined together






20. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






21. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






22. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






23. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






24. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






25. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






26. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






27. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






28. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






29. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






30. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






31. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






32. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






33. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






34. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






35. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






36. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






37. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






38. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






39. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






40. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






41. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






42. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






43. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






44. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






45. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






46. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






47. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






48. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






49. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






50. Energy cannot be created or destroyed