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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Disaccharide
Fatty acid
Flagellum
Cytoplasm
2. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Bacteria
Extracellular matrix
Countertransport
Aromatic amino acids
3. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Charged amino acids
Alpha glucose ring
Desmosomes
Beta glucose ring
4. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Chitin
Central vacuole
Hydrolysis
Bacteria
5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Flagellum
Glycolipids
Hemidesmosomes
Glycerol
6. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Proteoglycans
Extreme thermophiles
Chitin
Glycosidic bond
7. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Central vacuole
Flagellum
Primary level of protein structure
8. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Functions or proteins
Dehydration synthesis
Cytoskeleton
Chitin
9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Dynein
Prokaryote
Antiport
10. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Fibronectin
Chitin
Phospholipid (composition)
11. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Extreme thermophiles
Miller - Urey experiment
Chitin
12. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Adherins junctions
Monosaccharide
Intermediate filaments
Extracellular matrix
13. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Chaperone proteins
Antiport
Pinocytosis
14. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Intermediate filaments
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Cadherin
Hydrolysis
15. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Cellulose
Bacteriorhodopsin
Middle lamella
Fatty acid
16. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Amylopectin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Glycosidic bond
Complimentary bases
17. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Bacteria
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cadherin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
18. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Miller - Urey experiment
Cellulose
Flagellum
19. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Rossman fold
Chromosome
Miller - Urey experiment
Plasmodesmata
20. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Functions or proteins
Charged amino acids
Gap junction
Primary level of protein structure
21. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Amylopectin
Chaperone proteins
Gap junction
Denaturation
22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Proteoglycans
Microtubules
Cytoskeleton
Denaturation
23. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Disaccharide
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Methanogens
24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Phospholipid (composition)
Functions or proteins
First law of thermodynamics
Primary level of protein structure
25. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Hydrocarbons
Alpha glucose ring
Cenriole
Amylopectin
26. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Cyanobacteria
DNA (location)
Collagen
Bacteria
27. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Chitin
Extreme thermophiles
Clathrin
28. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Miller - Urey experiment
Quaternary level of protein structure
29. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
30. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Phospholipid (composition)
Central vacuole
Cell Theory
Major categories of macromolecules
31. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Hydrolysis
Intermediate filaments
Fat (composition)
Steriod
32. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Glycosidic bond
Phosphdiester bond
Hydrolysis
Amino acid (composition)
33. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Cyanobacteria
Extracellular matrix
Complimentary bases
34. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Quaternary level of protein structure
Cyanobacteria
Alpha glucose ring
Polar uncharged amino acids
35. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Amylopectin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hydrocarbons
Central vacuole
36. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Fat (characteristics)
Prokaryote
Adherins junctions
Alpha glucose ring
37. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Disaccharide
Cytoskeleton
Motifs
38. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Glycolipids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Peptidoglycan
Middle lamella
39. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Kinesin
Domains
Starch
Cyanobacteria
40. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
xtrusion
Cellulose
Prostaglandin
Chaperone proteins
41. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Chitin
Integrins
42. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Methanogens
C - H - O - N - S
Extreme halophiles
Pyrimidines (identify)
43. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Chitin
Flagellum
Cell Theory
DNA (location)
44. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Tight junctions
Glycolipids
Monosaccharide
Cyanobacteria
45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Special function amino acids
Secondary cell wall
Phosphdiester bond
Primary cell wall
46. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
DNA (location)
Phospholipid (composition)
Archaebacteria
47. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Disaccharide
Polar uncharged amino acids
Nucleotide (composition)
48. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Quaternary level of protein structure
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Proteoglycans
49. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Domains
Cyanobacteria
Chaperone proteins
Nucleolus
50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Polar uncharged amino acids
Glycogen
Anchoring junction
Phospholipid (composition)