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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine and Guanine
DNA (location)
Hemidesmosomes
Nucleotide (composition)
Purines (identify)
2. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Pyrimidines (identify)
Cell Theory
Phospholipid (composition)
Purines (characteristics)
3. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Countertransport
Amylopectin
Monosaccharide
Pinocytosis
4. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Bacteriorhodopsin
Collagen
Hydrocarbons
Cytoplasm
5. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Proteoglycans
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Chromosome
Secondary cell wall
6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Desmosomes
Peptide bond
Gram positive bacteria
7. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Monosaccharide
Intermediate filaments
Amylopectin
8. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
Gram positive bacteria
Amino acid (composition)
Fibronectin
9. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Desmosomes
Nonpolar amino acids
Beta glucose ring
10. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Middle lamella
Beta glucose ring
Glycosidic bond
11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Purines (characteristics)
Dynein
Glycoproteins
Plastids
12. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Dynein
Aromatic amino acids
Adherins junctions
Chaperone proteins
13. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Motifs
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Alpha glucose ring
Aromatic amino acids
14. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Anchoring junction
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Keratin
15. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Integrins
Motifs
Anchoring junction
Complimentary bases
16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Differences between RNA and DNA
Methanogens
Dehydration synthesis
Beta glucose ring
17. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Major categories of macromolecules
Fat (composition)
Amino acid (composition)
Amylose
18. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Keratin
19. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Gap junction
DNA (location)
Adherins junctions
Nucleotide (composition)
20. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Gram positive bacteria
Microtubules
Cytoskeleton
Glycogen
21. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Hemidesmosomes
Clathrin
Quaternary level of protein structure
Functions or proteins
22. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Extreme halophiles
ATP (composition)
Amylopectin
23. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Bacteriorhodopsin
Proteoglycans
Steriod
First law of thermodynamics
24. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cell Theory
Domains
Cytoskeleton
Phosphdiester bond
25. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Bacteriorhodopsin
Cytoskeleton
Chitin
Glycerol
26. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Rossman fold
Beta barrel
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Cytoplasm
27. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Middle lamella
Complimentary bases
Dehydration synthesis
Purines (identify)
28. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Peptide bond
First law of thermodynamics
C - H - O - N - S
Primary level of protein structure
29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Methanogens
Glycerol
Pyrimidines (identify)
Prokaryote
30. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
First law of thermodynamics
DNA (location)
Charged amino acids
Chaperone proteins
31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Antiport
xtrusion
Gram positive bacteria
Complimentary bases
32. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Extracellular matrix
Dynein
Fat (composition)
Differences between RNA and DNA
33. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Primary level of protein structure
Domains
Tight junctions
Centrosome
34. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Plastids
Primary cell wall
Glycogen
Cadherin
35. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Monosaccharide
Flagellum
Clathrin
Hemidesmosomes
36. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Cellulose
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Hemidesmosomes
Major categories of macromolecules
37. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Rossman fold
Central vacuole
Aromatic amino acids
38. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
C - H - O - N - S
Cyanobacteria
Dehydration synthesis
Centrosome
39. Two simple sugars joined together
Cadherin
Glycosidic bond
Disaccharide
Hypercholesterolemia
40. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Glycogen
Desmosomes
Starch
Secondary cell wall
41. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Cenriole
Motifs
Monosaccharide
Intermediate filaments
42. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Centrosome
Cenriole
Secondary cell wall
Chaperone proteins
43. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Hydrocarbons
Quaternary level of protein structure
Collagen
Complimentary bases
44. Components of cytoskeleton
Prostaglandin
xtrusion
Peptide bond
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
45. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Gap junction
Phospholipid (composition)
46. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Domains
Extracellular matrix
Hypercholesterolemia
Collagen
47. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
DNA (location)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Hydrocarbons
Peptidoglycan
48. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Cytoplasm
Chitin
First law of thermodynamics
49. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Chaperone proteins
Glycerol
50. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Flagellum
Disaccharide
Rossman fold
Special function amino acids