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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






4. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






5. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






6. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






8. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






9. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






10. Two simple sugars joined together






11. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






12. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






13. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






14. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






15. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






16. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






17. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






19. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






20. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






21. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






22. Components of cytoskeleton






23. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






24. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






25. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






26. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






27. Adenine and Guanine






28. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






29. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






30. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






31. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






32. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






33. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






34. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






35. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






36. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






37. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






38. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






39. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






40. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






41. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






42. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






43. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






44. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






45. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






46. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






47. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






48. The bond between two sugar molecules






49. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).