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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Hypercholesterolemia
Prostaglandin
Central vacuole
Differences between RNA and DNA
2. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Countertransport
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Fat (characteristics)
5 classes of amino acids
3. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Nucleotide (composition)
Domains
Nucleolus
4. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Hydrolysis
Plasmodesmata
Glycerol
Aromatic amino acids
5. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Cytoplasm
Miller - Urey experiment
Extracellular matrix
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
6. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Disaccharide
Complimentary bases
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Cadherin
7. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Dynein
Amylose
Anchoring junction
Pyrimidines (identify)
8. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Gap junction
Pinocytosis
9. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Bacteriorhodopsin
Pinocytosis
Beta glucose ring
Primary level of protein structure
10. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Polar uncharged amino acids
First law of thermodynamics
5 classes of amino acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
11. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Desmosomes
Countertransport
Alpha glucose ring
12. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Central vacuole
Peptidoglycan
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Methanogens
13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
Polar uncharged amino acids
Extreme thermophiles
Purines (characteristics)
14. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Fat (composition)
Gap junction
Prostaglandin
Purines (characteristics)
15. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Central vacuole
Nucleolus
Archaebacteria
Chaperone proteins
16. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Extreme halophiles
Peptidoglycan
Hydrocarbons
Primary cell wall
17. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Flagellum
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Special function amino acids
18. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
First law of thermodynamics
Gram positive bacteria
Nonpolar amino acids
Amino acid (composition)
19. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Hydrocarbons
Hemidesmosomes
Plastids
Differences between RNA and DNA
20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Peptidoglycan
Hydrolysis
Beta glucose ring
Kinesin
21. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Microtubules
Desmosomes
Plasmodesmata
Phosphdiester bond
22. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Gap junction
xtrusion
Proteoglycans
Amino acid (composition)
23. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Plasmodesmata
Anchoring junction
Monosaccharide
Peptide bond
24. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Central vacuole
Hydrocarbons
Miller - Urey experiment
25. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Nonpolar amino acids
Glycogen
Cenriole
Amino acid (composition)
26. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Proteoglycans
Chromosome
Fat (characteristics)
27. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Anchoring junction
Keratin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Fatty acid
28. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
Centrosome
Desmosomes
29. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Tight junctions
Glycosidic bond
Integrins
Charged amino acids
30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Denaturation
Glycogen
Cytoplasm
Steriod
31. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Functions or proteins
Collagen
Proteoglycans
Nonpolar amino acids
32. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Gap junction
Clathrin
Steriod
Primary cell wall
33. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Glycogen
Chitin
Phospholipid (composition)
34. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Motifs
Antiport
Glycoproteins
Nucleotide (composition)
35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Hydrocarbons
Amylopectin
Beta barrel
Nucleolus
36. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Amylose
Fat (composition)
Nucleolus
Plasmodesmata
37. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Starch
Peptidoglycan
Keratin
Central vacuole
38. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Peptide bond
Miller - Urey experiment
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
39. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Fat (composition)
Collagen
Bacteria
Monosaccharide
40. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Adherins junctions
Alpha glucose ring
Quaternary level of protein structure
Bacteriorhodopsin
41. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Centrosome
Kinesin
Beta barrel
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
42. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Disaccharide
Kinesin
Primary level of protein structure
43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Fat (composition)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Alpha glucose ring
Hydrolysis
44. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Phosphdiester bond
Keratin
Extreme halophiles
Purines (characteristics)
45. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Flagellum
Purines (characteristics)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Quaternary level of protein structure
46. Components of cytoskeleton
ATP (composition)
Cellulose
Secondary level of protein structure
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
47. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
5 classes of amino acids
Cytoskeleton
Glycoproteins
48. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Prostaglandin
Fatty acid
Special function amino acids
Intermediate filaments
49. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Peptide bond
Steriod
Peptidoglycan
Domains
50. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Beta glucose ring
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
First law of thermodynamics