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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Steriod
Cytoplasm
Fat (characteristics)
Desmosomes
2. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Fibronectin
Gram positive bacteria
Spectrin
Bacteriorhodopsin
3. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Centrosome
Major categories of macromolecules
Primary cell wall
Disaccharide
4. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Glycosidic bond
Domains
Secondary level of protein structure
Glycogen
5. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Desmosomes
Fatty acid
Cell Theory
6. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Secondary level of protein structure
C - H - O - N - S
Quaternary level of protein structure
Dehydration synthesis
7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Cytoplasm
First law of thermodynamics
Extracellular matrix
Differences between RNA and DNA
8. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Major categories of macromolecules
Dehydration synthesis
9. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Beta glucose ring
Prokaryote
Archaebacteria
Purines (identify)
10. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Integrins
Middle lamella
xtrusion
11. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Nucleotide (composition)
Antiport
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Proteoglycans
12. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Rossman fold
Hydrocarbons
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Nucleotide (composition)
13. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Chromosome
Purines (identify)
Beta barrel
Differences between RNA and DNA
14. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Extreme thermophiles
Nonpolar amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
Glycerol
15. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Aromatic amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Central vacuole
Tertiaty level of protein structure
16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Kinesin
Fatty acid
Methanogens
Aromatic amino acids
17. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Peptide bond
Spectrin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Starch
18. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Integrins
Amylopectin
Desmosomes
Secondary cell wall
19. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Hydrocarbons
Cyanobacteria
Glycogen
Intermediate filaments
20. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Glycosidic bond
Hypercholesterolemia
Keratin
Collagen
21. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Denaturation
Cyanobacteria
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Primary cell wall
22. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Cyanobacteria
DNA (location)
Motifs
Chaperone proteins
23. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Phospholipid (composition)
Chromosome
Functions or proteins
Prostaglandin
24. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
C - H - O - N - S
Secondary level of protein structure
Middle lamella
25. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Nucleotide (composition)
Peptide bond
Keratin
Beta glucose ring
26. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
5 classes of amino acids
Charged amino acids
Fat (composition)
Plasmodesmata
27. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Amino acid (composition)
Starch
Plastids
28. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Quaternary level of protein structure
Glycolipids
Amino acid (composition)
Primary cell wall
29. The bond between two sugar molecules
Desmosomes
Miller - Urey experiment
Dynein
Glycosidic bond
30. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Bacteriorhodopsin
Gap junction
Polar uncharged amino acids
Charged amino acids
31. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Glycoproteins
Integrins
Pyrimidines (identify)
32. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Phosphdiester bond
Archaebacteria
Bacteriorhodopsin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
33. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
ATP (composition)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Plastids
Purines (identify)
34. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Beta barrel
Steriod
Fat (composition)
Countertransport
35. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Gram positive bacteria
Countertransport
Amino acid (composition)
Nucleolus
36. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Countertransport
Primary cell wall
Quaternary level of protein structure
Nucleotide (composition)
37. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Beta glucose ring
First law of thermodynamics
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Denaturation
38. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
Glycogen
Differences between RNA and DNA
Flagellum
39. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Adherins junctions
Aromatic amino acids
Extracellular matrix
Amino acid (composition)
40. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Hypercholesterolemia
Nucleotide (composition)
Rossman fold
Secondary level of protein structure
41. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Hydrocarbons
Purines (characteristics)
Spectrin
Primary level of protein structure
42. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Glycogen
Hemidesmosomes
Fatty acid
Cellulose
43. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Prostaglandin
ATP (composition)
Fibronectin
Glycolipids
44. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Secondary level of protein structure
Peptide bond
DNA (location)
Purines (characteristics)
45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Miller - Urey experiment
Countertransport
Anchoring junction
Glycerol
46. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Centrosome
Amino acid (composition)
Major categories of macromolecules
Extreme thermophiles
47. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Central vacuole
Alpha glucose ring
Adherins junctions
Major categories of macromolecules
48. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Miller - Urey experiment
C - H - O - N - S
Prostaglandin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
49. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
xtrusion
Starch
Miller - Urey experiment
50. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Purines (characteristics)
Beta barrel
Chromosome