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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






2. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






3. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






4. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






5. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






6. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






7. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






8. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






9. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






10. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






11. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






12. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






13. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






14. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






15. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






16. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






17. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






18. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






19. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






20. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






21. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






22. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






23. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






24. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






25. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






26. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






28. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






29. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






30. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






31. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






32. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






34. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






35. Adenine and Guanine






36. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






37. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






38. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






39. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






40. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






41. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






42. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






43. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






44. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






46. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






47. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






48. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






49. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






50. Energy cannot be created or destroyed







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