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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






2. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






3. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






4. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






5. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






6. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






7. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






8. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






9. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






10. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






11. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






12. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






13. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






14. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






15. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






16. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






17. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






18. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






19. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






20. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






21. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






22. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






23. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






24. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






25. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






26. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






27. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






28. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






29. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






30. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






31. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






32. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






33. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






34. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






35. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






36. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






37. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






38. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






39. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






40. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






41. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






42. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






43. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






44. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






46. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






47. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






48. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






49. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






50. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior







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