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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






2. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






3. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






4. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






5. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






6. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






7. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






8. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






9. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






10. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






11. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






12. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






13. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






14. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






15. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






16. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






17. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






18. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






19. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






20. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






21. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






22. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






23. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






24. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






25. Two simple sugars joined together






26. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






28. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






29. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






30. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






31. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






32. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






33. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






34. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






35. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






36. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






37. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






38. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






39. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






40. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






41. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






42. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






43. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






44. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






45. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






46. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






47. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






48. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






49. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






50. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane