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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






2. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






3. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






4. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






5. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






6. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






7. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






8. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






9. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






10. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






11. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






12. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






13. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






14. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






15. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






16. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






17. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






18. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






19. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






20. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






21. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






22. The bond between two sugar molecules






23. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






24. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






25. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






26. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






27. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






28. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






29. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






30. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






31. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






32. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






33. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






34. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






35. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






36. Two simple sugars joined together






37. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






38. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






39. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






43. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






44. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






45. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






46. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






47. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






48. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






49. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution