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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






2. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






3. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






4. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






5. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






6. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






7. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






8. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






9. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






10. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






11. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






12. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






13. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






15. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






16. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






18. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






19. Two simple sugars joined together






20. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






21. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






22. Adenine and Guanine






23. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






24. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






25. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






26. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






27. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






28. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






29. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






30. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






31. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






32. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






33. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






34. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






35. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






36. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






37. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






38. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






39. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






40. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






41. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






42. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






43. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






44. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






45. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






46. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






47. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






48. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






49. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






50. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today