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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






2. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






3. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






4. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






5. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






6. Two simple sugars joined together






7. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






8. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






9. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






10. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






11. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






12. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






13. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






14. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






15. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






16. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






17. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






18. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






19. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






20. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






21. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






22. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






23. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






24. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






25. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






26. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






27. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






28. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






29. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






30. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






31. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






32. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






33. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






36. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






37. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






38. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






39. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






40. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






41. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






42. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






43. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






44. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






45. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






46. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






47. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






48. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






49. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






50. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine