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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






2. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






3. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






4. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






5. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






6. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






7. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






8. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






9. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






10. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






11. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






12. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






13. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






14. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






15. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






17. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






18. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






19. Components of cytoskeleton






20. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






21. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






22. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






23. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






24. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






25. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






26. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






27. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






28. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






29. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






30. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






31. Two simple sugars joined together






32. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






34. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






35. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






36. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






37. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






38. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






39. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






40. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






41. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






42. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






43. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






44. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






45. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






46. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






47. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






48. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






49. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






50. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).