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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






2. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






3. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






4. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






5. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






7. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






9. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






10. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






11. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






12. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






13. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






14. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






15. Adenine and Guanine






16. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






17. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






18. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






19. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






20. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






22. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






23. The bond between two sugar molecules






24. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






25. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






26. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






27. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






28. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






29. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






30. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






31. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






32. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






33. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






34. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






36. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






37. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






38. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






39. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






40. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






41. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






42. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






43. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






44. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






45. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






48. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






49. Components of cytoskeleton






50. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA