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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






3. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






4. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






5. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






7. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






8. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






9. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






10. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






11. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






12. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






13. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






14. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






15. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






17. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






18. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






19. The bond between two sugar molecules






20. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






21. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






22. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






23. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






24. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






25. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






26. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






27. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






28. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






29. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






30. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






31. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






32. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






33. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






34. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






35. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






36. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






37. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






38. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






39. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






40. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






41. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






42. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






43. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






44. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






46. Two simple sugars joined together






47. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






48. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






50. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function