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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






3. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






4. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






5. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






6. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






7. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






8. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






9. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






10. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






11. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






12. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






13. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






14. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






15. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






16. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






17. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






18. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






19. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






20. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






21. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






22. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






23. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






24. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






25. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






26. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






27. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






28. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






29. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






30. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






31. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






32. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






33. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






34. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






35. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






36. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






37. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






38. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






39. Components of cytoskeleton






40. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






41. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






42. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






43. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






44. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






45. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






46. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






48. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






49. Adenine and Guanine






50. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium