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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






2. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






3. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






4. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






5. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






6. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






7. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






8. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






9. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






10. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






11. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






12. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






13. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






14. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






15. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






16. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






17. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






18. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






19. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






21. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






22. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






23. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






24. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






25. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






26. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






27. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






28. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






29. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






31. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






32. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






33. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






34. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






36. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






37. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






38. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






39. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






40. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






41. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






42. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






43. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






44. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






45. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






46. Components of cytoskeleton






47. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






48. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






49. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






50. Energy cannot be created or destroyed