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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






2. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






3. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






4. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






5. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






6. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






7. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






8. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






9. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






10. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






11. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






12. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






13. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






14. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






15. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






16. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






17. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






18. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






19. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






20. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






21. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






22. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






23. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






24. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






25. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






26. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






27. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






28. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






29. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






30. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






31. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






32. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






33. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






34. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






35. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






36. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






37. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






38. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






39. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






40. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






41. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






42. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






43. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






44. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






45. Components of cytoskeleton






46. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






47. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






48. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






49. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






50. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions