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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






2. Adenine and Guanine






3. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






4. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






5. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






6. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






7. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






8. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






9. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






10. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






11. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






12. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






13. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






14. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






15. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






17. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






18. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






19. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






20. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






21. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






22. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






23. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






24. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






25. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






26. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






27. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






28. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






29. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






30. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






31. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






32. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






33. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






34. Components of cytoskeleton






35. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






36. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






37. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






38. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






39. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






40. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






41. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






42. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






43. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






44. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






45. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






46. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






47. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






48. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






49. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






50. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support