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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Primary level of protein structure
Phosphdiester bond
Beta barrel
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
2. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Extreme halophiles
Amylopectin
Starch
Denaturation
3. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Primary level of protein structure
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Antiport
Primary cell wall
4. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Peptide bond
Glycolipids
Desmosomes
Central vacuole
5. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Glycogen
Proteoglycans
Monosaccharide
Cytoplasm
6. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Fibronectin
Cytoplasm
Nonpolar amino acids
Keratin
7. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Integrins
Methanogens
Flagellum
Hypercholesterolemia
8. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Chromosome
Quaternary level of protein structure
Complimentary bases
Plasmodesmata
9. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
ATP (composition)
Phosphdiester bond
Clathrin
10. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Disaccharide
Microtubules
Purines (identify)
Tight junctions
11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Differences between RNA and DNA
Dynein
Charged amino acids
Beta glucose ring
12. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Centrosome
Charged amino acids
Pinocytosis
Aromatic amino acids
13. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Adherins junctions
Cyanobacteria
Plasmodesmata
Prokaryote
14. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Anchoring junction
Complimentary bases
Primary level of protein structure
15. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Gram positive bacteria
Gap junction
Motifs
Proteoglycans
16. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Differences between RNA and DNA
Starch
Antiport
Pinocytosis
17. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cellulose
Complimentary bases
Hemidesmosomes
Cenriole
18. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Special function amino acids
Miller - Urey experiment
Hypercholesterolemia
Anchoring junction
19. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Rossman fold
Dynein
Fat (composition)
Countertransport
20. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Cytoplasm
Glycogen
Secondary cell wall
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
21. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Beta glucose ring
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Methanogens
22. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Tight junctions
Intermediate filaments
Cell Theory
Fibronectin
23. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Cell Theory
DNA (location)
Hydrocarbons
Beta barrel
24. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Centrosome
Complimentary bases
Keratin
25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Differences between RNA and DNA
Tight junctions
26. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Collagen
Cadherin
Steriod
27. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Fatty acid
Glycolipids
Aromatic amino acids
Cyanobacteria
28. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Plastids
Beta barrel
Domains
Primary level of protein structure
29. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Extreme halophiles
Polar uncharged amino acids
Flagellum
ATP (composition)
30. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Flagellum
Fatty acid
Major categories of macromolecules
Clathrin
31. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Extreme halophiles
Anchoring junction
Polar uncharged amino acids
Tight junctions
32. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fat (characteristics)
Amylopectin
Fatty acid
Complimentary bases
33. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fatty acid
Fat (characteristics)
Chaperone proteins
Countertransport
34. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
C - H - O - N - S
Glycosidic bond
Chaperone proteins
Secondary level of protein structure
35. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Cenriole
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
36. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Cytoplasm
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Rossman fold
37. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Chromosome
Nonpolar amino acids
Steriod
5 classes of amino acids
38. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Amylose
Fibronectin
Phosphdiester bond
Quaternary level of protein structure
39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Primary level of protein structure
Flagellum
Domains
Beta barrel
40. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Intermediate filaments
Nucleotide (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
41. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Collagen
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Secondary level of protein structure
42. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Clathrin
Amylose
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
43. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Disaccharide
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Methanogens
44. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Hydrolysis
Cell Theory
Cyanobacteria
Rossman fold
45. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Functions or proteins
Fibronectin
Archaebacteria
46. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Nonpolar amino acids
Amylose
Prostaglandin
Domains
47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Chromosome
5 classes of amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
48. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Rossman fold
Functions or proteins
Secondary level of protein structure
49. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Pinocytosis
Central vacuole
Charged amino acids
Nonpolar amino acids
50. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Antiport
Quaternary level of protein structure
Secondary cell wall
Glycerol