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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Amylopectin
Major categories of macromolecules
Nucleolus
2. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Cadherin
Nucleotide (composition)
Spectrin
Glycosidic bond
3. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Chitin
Chromosome
Methanogens
4. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Middle lamella
Purines (characteristics)
Hemidesmosomes
Hydrolysis
5. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Primary level of protein structure
Desmosomes
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Flagellum
6. Components of cytoskeleton
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Glycogen
Antiport
Plasmodesmata
7. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Glycolipids
Spectrin
Dehydration synthesis
Chaperone proteins
8. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Extreme thermophiles
Steriod
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
9. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Disaccharide
Alpha glucose ring
Domains
10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Phosphdiester bond
Chitin
Glycerol
Purines (characteristics)
11. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Plasmodesmata
Peptidoglycan
Spectrin
Hypercholesterolemia
12. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Centrosome
Domains
Archaebacteria
Purines (identify)
13. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Glycerol
Nonpolar amino acids
Rossman fold
Glycogen
14. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Extreme halophiles
Amylopectin
Collagen
15. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Aromatic amino acids
Tight junctions
Kinesin
Flagellum
16. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Disaccharide
Cytoskeleton
Methanogens
Domains
17. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Chromosome
Primary cell wall
xtrusion
Chaperone proteins
18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Functions or proteins
Prostaglandin
Steriod
19. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Alpha glucose ring
5 classes of amino acids
Cytoplasm
Dynein
20. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Flagellum
Starch
Plastids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
21. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Beta barrel
Cenriole
Amylose
Alpha glucose ring
22. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Methanogens
Integrins
Glycolipids
23. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Purines (characteristics)
Purines (identify)
Cellulose
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
24. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Beta glucose ring
Plasmodesmata
Countertransport
Glycosidic bond
25. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Peptide bond
Methanogens
Purines (identify)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
26. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Amylose
Anchoring junction
Desmosomes
Hydrolysis
27. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Microtubules
Monosaccharide
Adherins junctions
28. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Spectrin
Fat (characteristics)
Hypercholesterolemia
DNA (location)
29. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Primary level of protein structure
Glycerol
Extreme thermophiles
30. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Anchoring junction
Gram positive bacteria
Fat (composition)
31. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Denaturation
Glycolipids
Extreme thermophiles
Monosaccharide
32. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
ATP (composition)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Cellulose
Chitin
33. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Primary level of protein structure
Differences between RNA and DNA
Rossman fold
Beta barrel
34. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycogen
Prokaryote
Fat (composition)
Glycosidic bond
35. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Flagellum
Clathrin
Differences between RNA and DNA
36. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Nucleotide (composition)
Hydrolysis
Prostaglandin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
37. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Complimentary bases
Gram positive bacteria
Amino acid (composition)
38. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Spectrin
Charged amino acids
Cellulose
39. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Secondary cell wall
Fibronectin
Centrosome
Middle lamella
40. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Archaebacteria
Flagellum
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Prokaryote
41. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Clathrin
Starch
Pyrimidines (identify)
42. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Archaebacteria
Fibronectin
Steriod
Anchoring junction
43. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Phosphdiester bond
Cytoskeleton
Glycosidic bond
Centrosome
44. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Prokaryote
Gram positive bacteria
Nucleolus
Amino acid (composition)
45. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Glycolipids
Spectrin
46. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Cadherin
Special function amino acids
Extreme thermophiles
Countertransport
47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Cytoplasm
Alpha glucose ring
Anchoring junction
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Hydrolysis
Hydrocarbons
Amino acid (composition)
Integrins
49. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Amino acid (composition)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Proteoglycans
Charged amino acids
50. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Cyanobacteria
Glycerol
Glycoproteins