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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Cellulose
Dehydration synthesis
Complimentary bases
Prokaryote
2. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Flagellum
Chaperone proteins
Centrosome
Cadherin
3. The bond between two sugar molecules
Glycosidic bond
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Phosphdiester bond
DNA (location)
4. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Anchoring junction
Peptide bond
Special function amino acids
Fat (composition)
5. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Beta glucose ring
Dynein
Integrins
6. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Nucleotide (composition)
Extreme halophiles
Denaturation
Steriod
7. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Special function amino acids
Antiport
Differences between RNA and DNA
8. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Denaturation
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Central vacuole
9. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Denaturation
5 classes of amino acids
10. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Intermediate filaments
Special function amino acids
Domains
5 classes of amino acids
11. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Cyanobacteria
Beta barrel
Gap junction
Glycosidic bond
12. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
5 classes of amino acids
Nucleotide (composition)
Fatty acid
Bacteria
13. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Methanogens
Chitin
14. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Cadherin
Clathrin
Secondary cell wall
Motifs
15. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Methanogens
Disaccharide
Primary cell wall
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
16. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Peptidoglycan
Charged amino acids
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Extreme halophiles
17. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Cyanobacteria
Tight junctions
Anchoring junction
18. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Beta glucose ring
Alpha glucose ring
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
19. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Tight junctions
Kinesin
Intermediate filaments
20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Disaccharide
Peptide bond
Extracellular matrix
21. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Proteoglycans
Glycosidic bond
DNA (location)
22. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Nucleotide (composition)
Extreme halophiles
Hydrocarbons
Glycogen
23. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Special function amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Cytoplasm
Quaternary level of protein structure
24. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Proteoglycans
Integrins
Spectrin
25. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
xtrusion
Chaperone proteins
Middle lamella
Tertiaty level of protein structure
26. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Beta glucose ring
Keratin
5 classes of amino acids
27. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Functions or proteins
Peptidoglycan
Keratin
Alpha glucose ring
28. Two simple sugars joined together
Denaturation
Fat (composition)
ATP (composition)
Disaccharide
29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Polar uncharged amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
Proteoglycans
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
30. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Chromosome
Cadherin
ATP (composition)
Chitin
31. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
DNA (location)
Complimentary bases
Differences between RNA and DNA
Hydrolysis
32. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Monosaccharide
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Antiport
Secondary level of protein structure
33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Phosphdiester bond
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Bacteria
DNA (location)
34. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Functions or proteins
Denaturation
C - H - O - N - S
Fat (composition)
35. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Beta glucose ring
Denaturation
5 classes of amino acids
36. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Hemidesmosomes
Integrins
Plastids
ATP (composition)
37. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Cytoplasm
DNA (location)
Clathrin
Adherins junctions
38. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Amino acid (composition)
Rossman fold
Nucleotide (composition)
Complimentary bases
39. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Domains
Gap junction
Monosaccharide
Glycogen
40. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Disaccharide
Extreme thermophiles
Kinesin
Chitin
41. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Fibronectin
Domains
Motifs
Phospholipid (composition)
42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Beta glucose ring
Intermediate filaments
Fibronectin
xtrusion
43. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Pyrimidines (identify)
C - H - O - N - S
Fatty acid
44. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Dynein
Phospholipid (composition)
Kinesin
Microtubules
45. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Phospholipid (composition)
Glycolipids
Methanogens
Secondary cell wall
46. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Countertransport
Aromatic amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Collagen
47. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Alpha glucose ring
Pyrimidines (identify)
Monosaccharide
Domains
48. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Differences between RNA and DNA
Steriod
Cyanobacteria
Major categories of macromolecules
49. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Nucleolus
Charged amino acids
Primary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Cell Theory
Central vacuole
Miller - Urey experiment