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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine and Guanine
Centrosome
Alpha glucose ring
Nonpolar amino acids
Purines (identify)
2. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Monosaccharide
Miller - Urey experiment
Plastids
3. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Miller - Urey experiment
Secondary level of protein structure
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
4. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Alpha glucose ring
Cellulose
Special function amino acids
Gap junction
5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Glycosidic bond
Denaturation
Extreme halophiles
6. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Amylopectin
Glycolipids
Extreme halophiles
7. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Glycogen
Domains
Functions or proteins
8. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Fat (composition)
Phospholipid (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
Domains
9. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Antiport
Spectrin
Anchoring junction
10. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Starch
Amylopectin
Major categories of macromolecules
Hydrocarbons
11. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Dehydration synthesis
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Beta glucose ring
DNA (location)
12. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Beta barrel
Archaebacteria
Clathrin
Bacteriorhodopsin
13. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Chitin
First law of thermodynamics
Purines (characteristics)
Microtubules
14. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Clathrin
Plastids
Gram positive bacteria
Fibronectin
15. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Fat (composition)
Extreme thermophiles
C - H - O - N - S
Glycerol
16. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Purines (characteristics)
Intermediate filaments
Phosphdiester bond
17. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Beta barrel
Intermediate filaments
xtrusion
Hydrolysis
18. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Purines (characteristics)
Antiport
Extracellular matrix
Gap junction
19. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Prostaglandin
Secondary level of protein structure
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
20. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Alpha glucose ring
Adherins junctions
Prokaryote
Cell Theory
21. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
5 classes of amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Motifs
Hemidesmosomes
22. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Complimentary bases
Bacteria
Fat (composition)
Nucleotide (composition)
23. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Functions or proteins
Cenriole
Denaturation
Archaebacteria
24. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Cellulose
DNA (location)
Glycogen
25. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
ATP (composition)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Centrosome
Cytoskeleton
26. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Chaperone proteins
Anchoring junction
Primary level of protein structure
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Functions or proteins
xtrusion
Methanogens
28. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Alpha glucose ring
Glycosidic bond
Glycogen
C - H - O - N - S
29. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Disaccharide
Primary level of protein structure
Extreme halophiles
Nonpolar amino acids
30. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Phosphdiester bond
Cyanobacteria
Amylopectin
Hemidesmosomes
31. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Glycosidic bond
Plastids
Dynein
C - H - O - N - S
32. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
First law of thermodynamics
Countertransport
Chitin
33. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Anchoring junction
Charged amino acids
Secondary cell wall
Bacteria
34. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Phospholipid (composition)
xtrusion
Prokaryote
Steriod
35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Nonpolar amino acids
Cellulose
Integrins
Complimentary bases
36. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Chitin
xtrusion
Central vacuole
Methanogens
37. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Peptide bond
Plasmodesmata
Adherins junctions
Denaturation
38. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Disaccharide
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
xtrusion
Rossman fold
39. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Proteoglycans
Tight junctions
Nonpolar amino acids
Extreme thermophiles
40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Beta barrel
Alpha glucose ring
Bacteria
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
41. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Kinesin
Chaperone proteins
Cellulose
Peptide bond
42. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
DNA (location)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Glycoproteins
Fat (composition)
43. Components of cytoskeleton
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Proteoglycans
Pyrimidines (identify)
Cadherin
44. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
ATP (composition)
Nucleolus
C - H - O - N - S
45. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Special function amino acids
Microtubules
Domains
46. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Prostaglandin
Fatty acid
Microtubules
DNA (location)
47. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Alpha glucose ring
Dehydration synthesis
Glycogen
Primary level of protein structure
48. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Adherins junctions
Pyrimidines (identify)
Denaturation
Beta barrel
49. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Clathrin
Kinesin
Centrosome
Phospholipid (composition)
50. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Cadherin
Peptidoglycan
Domains
Tight junctions