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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Polar uncharged amino acids
Beta glucose ring
DNA (location)
Chitin
2. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Nucleolus
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Motifs
Gap junction
3. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Glycolipids
Nucleotide (composition)
Motifs
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
4. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Bacteria
Amylose
Adherins junctions
Cenriole
5. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Quaternary level of protein structure
Countertransport
Aromatic amino acids
Plasmodesmata
6. Adenine and Guanine
Integrins
Peptide bond
Cadherin
Purines (identify)
7. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Chaperone proteins
Primary cell wall
Complimentary bases
Nucleotide (composition)
8. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Primary cell wall
Rossman fold
Desmosomes
Cenriole
9. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Cell Theory
Plastids
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
10. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Countertransport
Prokaryote
Peptidoglycan
Nucleolus
11. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hypercholesterolemia
Nonpolar amino acids
12. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Monosaccharide
Miller - Urey experiment
Desmosomes
Flagellum
13. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Glycoproteins
Denaturation
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Middle lamella
14. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Primary level of protein structure
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Fat (composition)
Fat (characteristics)
15. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Plasmodesmata
Integrins
Charged amino acids
Nonpolar amino acids
16. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Charged amino acids
Cytoskeleton
Rossman fold
Quaternary level of protein structure
17. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Aromatic amino acids
Proteoglycans
Dynein
18. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Intermediate filaments
Secondary level of protein structure
Phosphdiester bond
Primary cell wall
19. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Centrosome
Rossman fold
Starch
Purines (characteristics)
20. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Complimentary bases
Cellulose
Aromatic amino acids
21. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Amylose
Alpha glucose ring
Fatty acid
22. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrocarbons
Anchoring junction
Secondary cell wall
Hydrolysis
23. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Glycolipids
Chromosome
Anchoring junction
Extreme halophiles
24. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Glycosidic bond
C - H - O - N - S
Chromosome
Hemidesmosomes
25. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Proteoglycans
Anchoring junction
Functions or proteins
Nucleolus
26. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Hydrocarbons
Quaternary level of protein structure
Flagellum
Chitin
27. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Middle lamella
Monosaccharide
Complimentary bases
Bacteria
28. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
ATP (composition)
Keratin
Pinocytosis
29. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Cadherin
Nucleolus
Nonpolar amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
30. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Amino acid (composition)
Cytoplasm
Charged amino acids
Special function amino acids
31. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Fat (characteristics)
Pinocytosis
Kinesin
Prokaryote
32. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Tight junctions
Intermediate filaments
Hydrocarbons
Fatty acid
33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Cellulose
Hypercholesterolemia
Methanogens
DNA (location)
34. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Nucleolus
Miller - Urey experiment
Extreme halophiles
Archaebacteria
35. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Prostaglandin
Middle lamella
Phosphdiester bond
Cellulose
36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Tight junctions
Glycosidic bond
Monosaccharide
Phospholipid (composition)
37. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Domains
5 classes of amino acids
Complimentary bases
Bacteriorhodopsin
38. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
5 classes of amino acids
Domains
Adherins junctions
Denaturation
39. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Glycogen
Domains
Aromatic amino acids
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
40. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Phospholipid (composition)
Cyanobacteria
Purines (identify)
41. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Middle lamella
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cytoskeleton
42. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Monosaccharide
Peptidoglycan
Fat (composition)
43. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Tertiaty level of protein structure
C - H - O - N - S
Rossman fold
Dynein
44. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Major categories of macromolecules
Differences between RNA and DNA
Purines (identify)
Purines (characteristics)
45. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Fat (characteristics)
Kinesin
Glycoproteins
46. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Cenriole
Glycerol
Phospholipid (composition)
Domains
47. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Prostaglandin
Beta barrel
Amino acid (composition)
Pinocytosis
48. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
ATP (composition)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hemidesmosomes
Fat (characteristics)
49. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Cadherin
Amino acid (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
50. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Cytoplasm
Polar uncharged amino acids
Primary cell wall
Collagen