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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Tertiaty level of protein structure
First law of thermodynamics
ATP (composition)
Nucleolus
2. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Extreme halophiles
Collagen
Fat (characteristics)
Charged amino acids
3. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Cadherin
Beta barrel
Aromatic amino acids
Cytoplasm
4. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Methanogens
Phosphdiester bond
DNA (location)
Dehydration synthesis
5. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Adherins junctions
Starch
Pyrimidines (identify)
6. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Cellulose
Keratin
Denaturation
Secondary cell wall
7. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Desmosomes
Countertransport
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Nucleolus
8. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Fat (composition)
Tight junctions
Fat (characteristics)
9. Components of cytoskeleton
Secondary cell wall
Special function amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Secondary level of protein structure
10. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Phospholipid (composition)
Antiport
Primary cell wall
Adherins junctions
11. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Flagellum
Fat (composition)
Primary level of protein structure
Chitin
12. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Extreme halophiles
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Plastids
13. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Hypercholesterolemia
Motifs
C - H - O - N - S
Spectrin
14. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Cellulose
Major categories of macromolecules
Plasmodesmata
Complimentary bases
15. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Extracellular matrix
ATP (composition)
Quaternary level of protein structure
16. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Gram positive bacteria
Cadherin
Beta barrel
Extracellular matrix
17. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Dehydration synthesis
Countertransport
Gap junction
18. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
xtrusion
Cell Theory
Hydrolysis
Monosaccharide
19. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Anchoring junction
Glycogen
Charged amino acids
Desmosomes
20. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Secondary cell wall
Antiport
Middle lamella
Plastids
21. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Functions or proteins
Gap junction
Amino acid (composition)
Cellulose
22. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Centrosome
Archaebacteria
Polar uncharged amino acids
Central vacuole
23. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
xtrusion
Cytoplasm
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
24. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Chromosome
Tight junctions
Fat (characteristics)
Beta glucose ring
25. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cytoplasm
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Denaturation
26. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Gram positive bacteria
Bacteria
Cenriole
Pyrimidines (identify)
27. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Monosaccharide
Beta glucose ring
Disaccharide
28. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Peptidoglycan
Rossman fold
Purines (characteristics)
Glycerol
29. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Glycolipids
DNA (location)
Rossman fold
30. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
C - H - O - N - S
Extracellular matrix
Differences between RNA and DNA
31. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Aromatic amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Nucleotide (composition)
Glycerol
32. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Bacteriorhodopsin
Extracellular matrix
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
33. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Nucleotide (composition)
Anchoring junction
Glycolipids
Cytoskeleton
34. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Quaternary level of protein structure
Charged amino acids
Primary level of protein structure
Flagellum
35. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Bacteria
Denaturation
ATP (composition)
36. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Special function amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Chromosome
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
37. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Plasmodesmata
Middle lamella
Rossman fold
Dehydration synthesis
38. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Proteoglycans
Plasmodesmata
Clathrin
Pyrimidines (identify)
39. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Fatty acid
Peptide bond
Clathrin
Plasmodesmata
40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Proteoglycans
Beta barrel
C - H - O - N - S
Prostaglandin
41. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Collagen
Cellulose
Tight junctions
Special function amino acids
42. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Special function amino acids
Intermediate filaments
Nucleotide (composition)
Fibronectin
43. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Cell Theory
Domains
5 classes of amino acids
Hydrolysis
44. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Collagen
Plasmodesmata
Amylopectin
45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Beta barrel
Secondary cell wall
Microtubules
Purines (identify)
46. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Aromatic amino acids
Extreme thermophiles
Glycolipids
47. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Nucleolus
Beta barrel
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Monosaccharide
48. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Domains
DNA (location)
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
49. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Bacteria
Domains
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cyanobacteria
50. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Dynein
Glycoproteins
Domains
Chromosome