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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Plastids
Miller - Urey experiment
Pinocytosis
ATP (composition)
2. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Hydrolysis
Complimentary bases
5 classes of amino acids
3. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Extreme halophiles
Fatty acid
Spectrin
Middle lamella
4. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Glycolipids
First law of thermodynamics
Gap junction
Methanogens
5. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Pinocytosis
Plastids
Glycogen
6. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Alpha glucose ring
Aromatic amino acids
Gap junction
Bacteria
7. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Starch
Polar uncharged amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Pinocytosis
8. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Fibronectin
Purines (identify)
Phospholipid (composition)
9. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Microtubules
Extracellular matrix
Antiport
Hypercholesterolemia
10. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Anchoring junction
Cytoplasm
Countertransport
Bacteria
11. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Extreme halophiles
Phosphdiester bond
Amylose
Dehydration synthesis
12. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
DNA (location)
Nucleolus
5 classes of amino acids
Cadherin
13. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Pinocytosis
Centrosome
Peptide bond
14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Anchoring junction
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
15. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Beta barrel
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
DNA (location)
Adherins junctions
Motifs
Spectrin
17. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Anchoring junction
Domains
Cytoskeleton
18. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Pyrimidines (identify)
Chaperone proteins
Microtubules
Special function amino acids
19. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Starch
Alpha glucose ring
Dynein
Pinocytosis
20. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Secondary cell wall
Collagen
Microtubules
Nonpolar amino acids
21. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Integrins
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Fatty acid
22. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Chromosome
Fat (composition)
Prokaryote
23. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
ATP (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
Aromatic amino acids
Methanogens
24. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Gap junction
Disaccharide
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
25. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Beta barrel
Fibronectin
Bacteria
26. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Bacteria
Chromosome
Motifs
27. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Differences between RNA and DNA
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
28. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Cenriole
Gram positive bacteria
Beta barrel
Glycogen
29. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Methanogens
Hydrolysis
Prokaryote
Primary level of protein structure
30. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Fibronectin
Bacteriorhodopsin
Adherins junctions
Rossman fold
31. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Chaperone proteins
Pyrimidines (identify)
ATP (composition)
32. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cadherin
ATP (composition)
Chromosome
Cyanobacteria
33. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Aromatic amino acids
Glycolipids
Extreme thermophiles
Alpha glucose ring
34. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Differences between RNA and DNA
Secondary cell wall
Charged amino acids
Amylopectin
35. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Functions or proteins
Chitin
Central vacuole
Purines (identify)
36. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Extracellular matrix
Primary level of protein structure
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Purines (identify)
37. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Purines (characteristics)
Hydrolysis
Fat (composition)
38. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Countertransport
Tight junctions
C - H - O - N - S
39. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Prokaryote
Hemidesmosomes
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Bacteriorhodopsin
40. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Adherins junctions
Pinocytosis
Proteoglycans
Major categories of macromolecules
41. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Peptide bond
DNA (location)
Archaebacteria
Adherins junctions
42. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Purines (identify)
Motifs
Glycoproteins
Centrosome
43. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
Anchoring junction
Cenriole
Microtubules
44. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Middle lamella
Nonpolar amino acids
Plastids
45. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Amino acid (composition)
Chromosome
Spectrin
Nucleotide (composition)
46. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Peptidoglycan
Purines (characteristics)
Beta barrel
Nucleolus
47. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Primary cell wall
Amylose
Prokaryote
Amylopectin
48. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Purines (identify)
Cytoplasm
Microtubules
49. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Glycoproteins
Clathrin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
50. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Antiport
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Special function amino acids
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