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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






2. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






3. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






4. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






5. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






6. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






7. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






8. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






9. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






10. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






11. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






12. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






13. The bond between two sugar molecules






14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






15. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






16. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






17. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






18. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






19. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






20. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






21. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






22. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






24. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






25. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






26. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






27. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






29. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






30. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






31. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






32. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






33. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






34. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






35. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






37. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






38. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






39. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






40. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






41. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






42. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






43. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






44. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






46. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






47. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






48. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






49. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






50. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)