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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Beta barrel
Secondary cell wall
Fatty acid
2. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Glycolipids
Amylopectin
Amino acid (composition)
Primary level of protein structure
3. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Dehydration synthesis
Aromatic amino acids
Cytoskeleton
Nucleotide (composition)
4. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Anchoring junction
Gap junction
Fat (composition)
5. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Extracellular matrix
Special function amino acids
Desmosomes
Hydrolysis
6. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Methanogens
Fibronectin
Nucleotide (composition)
Pyrimidines (identify)
7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Countertransport
Secondary level of protein structure
Glycolipids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
8. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Charged amino acids
Primary cell wall
Cellulose
Amylose
9. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Cytoskeleton
Cenriole
Aromatic amino acids
10. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Complimentary bases
Alpha glucose ring
Intermediate filaments
Keratin
11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Microtubules
Middle lamella
Glycoproteins
Secondary level of protein structure
12. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Special function amino acids
Tight junctions
Antiport
5 classes of amino acids
13. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Countertransport
Disaccharide
14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Glycolipids
Miller - Urey experiment
Prostaglandin
Tight junctions
15. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Major categories of macromolecules
Hemidesmosomes
Fibronectin
C - H - O - N - S
16. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Collagen
Keratin
Extracellular matrix
DNA (location)
17. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Cenriole
Beta barrel
Monosaccharide
DNA (location)
18. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Cenriole
Denaturation
Clathrin
Middle lamella
19. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
ATP (composition)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Dynein
20. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Special function amino acids
Amylose
Countertransport
Cytoplasm
21. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Motifs
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Denaturation
First law of thermodynamics
22. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Plastids
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Middle lamella
23. Two simple sugars joined together
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Aromatic amino acids
Disaccharide
Middle lamella
24. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Anchoring junction
Extreme halophiles
Extracellular matrix
Cellulose
25. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Bacteria
Primary level of protein structure
C - H - O - N - S
26. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
First law of thermodynamics
ATP (composition)
Gram positive bacteria
Peptidoglycan
27. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Proteoglycans
Fat (characteristics)
Plastids
Fat (composition)
28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Collagen
Aromatic amino acids
Integrins
Peptidoglycan
29. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Peptidoglycan
Intermediate filaments
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Polar uncharged amino acids
30. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Cell Theory
Cellulose
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Beta barrel
31. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Gap junction
Cyanobacteria
Glycoproteins
Amylose
32. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Anchoring junction
Cadherin
Adherins junctions
Microtubules
33. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Clathrin
5 classes of amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
Amylose
34. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Flagellum
Disaccharide
Tight junctions
35. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Complimentary bases
ATP (composition)
Primary cell wall
Monosaccharide
36. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Plastids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Amino acid (composition)
37. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Extreme thermophiles
Miller - Urey experiment
Prostaglandin
Quaternary level of protein structure
38. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Intermediate filaments
Monosaccharide
Pinocytosis
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
39. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
DNA (location)
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Secondary level of protein structure
Adherins junctions
40. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Extreme thermophiles
Gap junction
Extracellular matrix
Anchoring junction
41. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Purines (characteristics)
Miller - Urey experiment
Beta glucose ring
42. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Prokaryote
Rossman fold
Glycoproteins
43. Components of cytoskeleton
Glycogen
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Chitin
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
44. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Hydrocarbons
Glycosidic bond
Fat (characteristics)
45. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Spectrin
C - H - O - N - S
Motifs
Archaebacteria
46. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Amino acid (composition)
Prokaryote
Chromosome
Integrins
47. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Beta glucose ring
Tight junctions
Hydrolysis
48. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Gram positive bacteria
xtrusion
Glycerol
49. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Secondary level of protein structure
Peptidoglycan
Anchoring junction
50. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Pinocytosis
Amino acid (composition)
Prostaglandin
Chromosome