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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Complimentary bases
Extreme thermophiles
Nonpolar amino acids
Plasmodesmata
2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Plastids
Anchoring junction
Flagellum
Adherins junctions
3. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Monosaccharide
Major categories of macromolecules
Secondary cell wall
4. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
C - H - O - N - S
Intermediate filaments
Adherins junctions
5. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Nonpolar amino acids
Nucleotide (composition)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Denaturation
6. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Extreme thermophiles
Bacteria
Adherins junctions
Quaternary level of protein structure
7. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Gram positive bacteria
Extreme halophiles
Polar uncharged amino acids
8. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Chromosome
Keratin
Primary level of protein structure
Cadherin
9. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Peptidoglycan
Plastids
Hydrocarbons
Spectrin
10. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Cadherin
Cytoplasm
Charged amino acids
11. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Beta glucose ring
Beta barrel
ATP (composition)
12. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Integrins
Pinocytosis
Alpha glucose ring
Complimentary bases
13. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Disaccharide
Extreme thermophiles
Dehydration synthesis
14. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Steriod
Spectrin
Purines (identify)
15. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Disaccharide
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Plasmodesmata
Alpha glucose ring
16. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Extracellular matrix
Extreme halophiles
Cyanobacteria
First law of thermodynamics
17. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Differences between RNA and DNA
Glycosidic bond
Adherins junctions
18. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Gap junction
Cytoskeleton
Nonpolar amino acids
Integrins
19. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
First law of thermodynamics
Cadherin
Spectrin
20. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Glycogen
Spectrin
Fibronectin
Bacteriorhodopsin
21. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Amylopectin
Plasmodesmata
Purines (characteristics)
22. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
C - H - O - N - S
Chaperone proteins
Rossman fold
23. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Amino acid (composition)
Functions or proteins
Plasmodesmata
24. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Miller - Urey experiment
Archaebacteria
Proteoglycans
25. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Beta glucose ring
Proteoglycans
Major categories of macromolecules
Collagen
26. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Anchoring junction
Nucleotide (composition)
Glycoproteins
Secondary level of protein structure
27. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Bacteriorhodopsin
Desmosomes
Tight junctions
Keratin
28. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Amino acid (composition)
Integrins
Spectrin
Peptide bond
29. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Anchoring junction
Chromosome
Middle lamella
Special function amino acids
30. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
DNA (location)
Aromatic amino acids
Desmosomes
31. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
C - H - O - N - S
Extracellular matrix
Kinesin
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
32. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Nucleolus
Adherins junctions
Tight junctions
33. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Spectrin
Adherins junctions
Amylopectin
Rossman fold
34. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Cyanobacteria
Beta barrel
Pyrimidines (identify)
Kinesin
35. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Middle lamella
Miller - Urey experiment
Fibronectin
Secondary level of protein structure
36. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Bacteria
Fat (composition)
Cell Theory
Countertransport
37. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Nucleolus
Aromatic amino acids
Starch
38. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Plasmodesmata
Prostaglandin
C - H - O - N - S
39. Components of cytoskeleton
DNA (location)
Centrosome
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Kinesin
40. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Rossman fold
Clathrin
Nucleolus
Differences between RNA and DNA
41. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Central vacuole
Desmosomes
Anchoring junction
Secondary cell wall
42. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Steriod
Bacteriorhodopsin
Phosphdiester bond
Amylopectin
43. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Clathrin
First law of thermodynamics
Amylopectin
Secondary level of protein structure
44. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Fibronectin
Plastids
Peptidoglycan
5 classes of amino acids
45. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Purines (identify)
Peptide bond
Hydrolysis
Rossman fold
46. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Purines (identify)
Countertransport
Fat (composition)
Extreme halophiles
47. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Chromosome
Amylose
Nonpolar amino acids
48. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Extreme thermophiles
Tight junctions
Nucleotide (composition)
Hemidesmosomes
49. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Domains
Beta glucose ring
Glycoproteins
Starch
50. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Cytoplasm
Integrins
Proteoglycans
Dynein