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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






2. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






3. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






4. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






6. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






7. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






8. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






10. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






11. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






12. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






13. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






14. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






15. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






16. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






17. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






18. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






19. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






20. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






21. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






23. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






25. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






26. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






27. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






28. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






29. The bond between two sugar molecules






30. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






31. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






32. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






33. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






34. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






35. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






36. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






37. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






38. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






39. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






40. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






41. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






42. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






43. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






44. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






46. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






47. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






48. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






49. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains