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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






2. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






3. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






4. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






5. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






6. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






7. Components of cytoskeleton






8. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






9. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






10. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






11. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






12. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






13. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






14. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






15. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






16. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






17. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






18. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






19. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






20. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






21. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






22. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






23. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






24. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






25. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






26. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






27. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






28. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






29. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






30. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






31. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






32. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






33. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






34. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






35. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






36. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






37. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






38. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






39. Two simple sugars joined together






40. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






41. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






42. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






43. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






44. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






45. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






46. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






47. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






48. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






49. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution