Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






2. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






3. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






4. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






5. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






7. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






8. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






9. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






10. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






11. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






12. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






13. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






14. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






15. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






16. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






18. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






19. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






20. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






21. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






22. Two simple sugars joined together






23. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






24. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






25. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






26. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






27. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






28. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






29. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






30. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






31. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






32. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






34. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






35. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






36. The bond between two sugar molecules






37. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






38. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






39. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






40. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






41. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






42. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






43. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






44. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






45. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






46. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






47. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






48. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






49. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






50. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics