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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine and Guanine






2. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






3. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






4. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






5. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






7. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






8. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






9. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






10. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






11. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






12. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






13. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






14. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






15. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






17. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






18. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






19. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






20. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






21. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






22. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






23. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






24. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






25. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






26. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






27. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






28. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






30. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






32. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






33. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






34. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






35. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






36. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






37. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






38. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






39. Two simple sugars joined together






40. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






41. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






42. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






43. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






44. Components of cytoskeleton






45. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






46. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






47. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






48. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






49. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






50. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites