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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Methanogens
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Plasmodesmata
Major categories of macromolecules
2. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Purines (identify)
Intermediate filaments
Amino acid (composition)
3. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Bacteria
Aromatic amino acids
Glycolipids
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
4. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Central vacuole
Hydrolysis
Fat (composition)
Countertransport
5. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Middle lamella
Hypercholesterolemia
Hemidesmosomes
Differences between RNA and DNA
6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Primary level of protein structure
Complimentary bases
Cyanobacteria
Disaccharide
7. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Integrins
Methanogens
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Hydrolysis
8. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Amino acid (composition)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
C - H - O - N - S
Archaebacteria
9. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Prostaglandin
Beta barrel
Amylose
Plastids
10. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Beta barrel
Bacteria
Motifs
Glycosidic bond
11. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
ATP (composition)
Peptidoglycan
Tertiaty level of protein structure
12. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Hydrocarbons
Cadherin
Plastids
13. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Monosaccharide
Middle lamella
Methanogens
Alpha glucose ring
14. Components of cytoskeleton
Gap junction
Beta glucose ring
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Aromatic amino acids
15. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Nonpolar amino acids
xtrusion
Purines (characteristics)
Cytoplasm
16. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Flagellum
Tight junctions
Phosphdiester bond
Countertransport
17. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Primary cell wall
Glycoproteins
Cadherin
Spectrin
18. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
DNA (location)
Gram positive bacteria
Spectrin
Hydrolysis
19. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Glycogen
Dynein
Prostaglandin
Prokaryote
20. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Glycolipids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Antiport
21. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Secondary cell wall
Major categories of macromolecules
Desmosomes
Central vacuole
22. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Middle lamella
Cadherin
Tight junctions
Amino acid (composition)
23. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
xtrusion
Fibronectin
Nucleolus
Peptide bond
24. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
DNA (location)
Fatty acid
Secondary level of protein structure
25. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Bacteriorhodopsin
Chromosome
Centrosome
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
26. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Amylopectin
Pinocytosis
Centrosome
27. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Central vacuole
Phospholipid (composition)
Adherins junctions
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
28. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Collagen
Peptidoglycan
Gram positive bacteria
Cadherin
29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Phospholipid (composition)
Purines (characteristics)
30. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
C - H - O - N - S
Gram positive bacteria
Middle lamella
Secondary level of protein structure
31. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Extreme thermophiles
Motifs
Bacteria
Functions or proteins
32. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Fat (composition)
Extracellular matrix
Proteoglycans
Amino acid (composition)
33. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Bacteriorhodopsin
Proteoglycans
Special function amino acids
Hypercholesterolemia
34. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
5 classes of amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Flagellum
Keratin
35. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Aromatic amino acids
Amylopectin
Archaebacteria
Cell Theory
36. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Centrosome
Amylose
Amylopectin
Miller - Urey experiment
37. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Intermediate filaments
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Prokaryote
Glycosidic bond
38. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Nucleolus
Glycerol
Hypercholesterolemia
Primary cell wall
39. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Hydrolysis
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Complimentary bases
40. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
Hydrolysis
Secondary cell wall
Intermediate filaments
41. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Fatty acid
Collagen
Disaccharide
Cyanobacteria
42. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Secondary level of protein structure
Dehydration synthesis
Fat (characteristics)
Starch
43. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Nonpolar amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
Gap junction
Gram positive bacteria
44. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Cytoskeleton
Cyanobacteria
Monosaccharide
45. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Peptidoglycan
Charged amino acids
Glycolipids
46. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (characteristics)
Disaccharide
Alpha glucose ring
Purines (identify)
47. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Fatty acid
Nucleotide (composition)
Cyanobacteria
Hypercholesterolemia
48. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Middle lamella
Amylopectin
Extreme thermophiles
49. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Bacteria
Functions or proteins
Monosaccharide
50. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Peptide bond
Prokaryote
Cytoplasm
Extreme thermophiles