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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






2. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






3. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






4. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






5. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






6. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






7. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






8. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






9. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






10. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






11. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






12. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






13. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






14. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






15. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






16. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






17. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






18. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






19. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






20. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






21. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






22. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






23. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






24. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






25. Two simple sugars joined together






26. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






27. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






28. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






29. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






30. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






32. The bond between two sugar molecules






33. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






34. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






35. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






36. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






37. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






38. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






39. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






40. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






41. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






42. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






43. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






44. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






45. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






46. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






47. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






48. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






49. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






50. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures