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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






2. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






3. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






4. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






5. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






6. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






7. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






8. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






9. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






10. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






11. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






12. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






13. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






14. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






15. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






16. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






17. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






18. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






19. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






20. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






21. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






22. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






23. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






24. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






25. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






26. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






27. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






28. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






29. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






30. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






31. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






32. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






33. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






34. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






35. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






36. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






37. Components of cytoskeleton






38. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






39. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






40. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






41. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






42. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






43. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






44. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






45. Two simple sugars joined together






46. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






47. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






48. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






49. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






50. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments