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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






2. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






3. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






4. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






5. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






6. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






7. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






8. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






10. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






11. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






12. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






13. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






14. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






15. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






16. Components of cytoskeleton






17. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






18. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






19. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






20. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






21. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






22. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






23. Two simple sugars joined together






24. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






25. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






26. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






27. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






28. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






29. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






30. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






31. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






32. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






34. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






35. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






36. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






37. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






38. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






40. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






41. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






42. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






43. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






44. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






45. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






46. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






47. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






48. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






49. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






50. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling