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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






2. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






3. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






4. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






5. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






6. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






8. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






9. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






10. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






11. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






12. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






13. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






15. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






16. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






17. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






18. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






19. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






20. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






21. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






22. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






23. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






24. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






25. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






26. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






27. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






28. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






29. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






30. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






32. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






33. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






34. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






36. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






37. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






38. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






39. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






40. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






41. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






42. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






46. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






47. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






48. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






49. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






50. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen