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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






2. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






3. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






4. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






5. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






6. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






7. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






8. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






9. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






10. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






11. Adenine and Guanine






12. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






13. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






14. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






15. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






16. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






17. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






18. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






19. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






20. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






21. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






22. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






23. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






24. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






25. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






26. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






27. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






28. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






29. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






30. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






31. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






32. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






33. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






34. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






35. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






36. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






37. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






38. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






39. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






40. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






41. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






42. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






43. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






44. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






45. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






46. The bond between two sugar molecules






47. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






48. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






49. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






50. 1 joule = 0.239 calories