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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






2. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






3. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






4. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






5. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






7. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






8. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






9. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






10. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






11. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






12. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






13. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






14. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






15. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






16. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






17. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






18. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






19. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






20. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






21. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






22. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






23. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






24. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






25. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






26. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






27. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






28. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






29. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






30. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






31. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






32. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






33. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






34. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






35. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






36. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






37. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






38. Adenine and Guanine






39. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






40. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






41. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






42. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






43. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






44. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






45. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






46. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






47. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






48. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






49. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






50. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure