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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






4. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






5. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






6. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






7. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






8. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






9. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






10. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






11. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






12. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






13. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






14. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






15. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






16. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






17. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






18. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






19. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






20. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






21. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






22. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






23. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






24. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






25. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






26. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






27. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






28. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






29. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






30. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






31. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






32. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






33. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






34. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






35. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






36. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






37. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






38. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






39. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






40. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






41. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






42. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






43. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






44. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






45. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






46. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






47. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






48. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






49. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






50. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi