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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Cell Theory
Peptidoglycan
2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Special function amino acids
Fibronectin
Disaccharide
3. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Disaccharide
Purines (characteristics)
4. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
5 classes of amino acids
Primary level of protein structure
Fatty acid
Kinesin
5. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pyrimidines (identify)
Integrins
Middle lamella
6. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Purines (identify)
Cell Theory
Monosaccharide
7. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Charged amino acids
Extreme halophiles
Bacteria
Amylopectin
8. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Methanogens
Fat (characteristics)
Beta barrel
9. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Beta glucose ring
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Hemidesmosomes
Amylopectin
10. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Gap junction
Dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
11. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
DNA (location)
Fibronectin
Countertransport
Special function amino acids
12. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
First law of thermodynamics
Pyrimidines (identify)
Amylopectin
Extreme halophiles
13. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Glycogen
Secondary cell wall
Prokaryote
Pinocytosis
14. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Intermediate filaments
Aromatic amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Proteoglycans
15. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
First law of thermodynamics
Flagellum
Gram positive bacteria
Phosphdiester bond
16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Peptidoglycan
Steriod
Alpha glucose ring
Functions or proteins
17. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Archaebacteria
Central vacuole
Bacteria
18. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Monosaccharide
Middle lamella
Nucleolus
Amino acid (composition)
19. The bond between two sugar molecules
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Fat (characteristics)
Glycosidic bond
Dynein
20. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Intermediate filaments
Desmosomes
Special function amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
21. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Tight junctions
C - H - O - N - S
Fat (characteristics)
Plastids
22. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Microtubules
Peptidoglycan
Hydrocarbons
Flagellum
23. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
DNA (location)
24. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Cellulose
Chitin
Monosaccharide
25. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Centrosome
Pinocytosis
Bacteriorhodopsin
26. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Amylopectin
Major categories of macromolecules
Phosphdiester bond
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
27. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Denaturation
Alpha glucose ring
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Differences between RNA and DNA
28. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Secondary level of protein structure
Kinesin
Hemidesmosomes
29. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Countertransport
Glycoproteins
Functions or proteins
Domains
30. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Cyanobacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Cadherin
Beta barrel
31. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Chromosome
Fat (composition)
Middle lamella
Cytoplasm
32. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Adherins junctions
Domains
Nonpolar amino acids
33. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Glycerol
Cell Theory
Hydrocarbons
Steriod
34. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Quaternary level of protein structure
Functions or proteins
Peptidoglycan
35. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Quaternary level of protein structure
Glycogen
Tight junctions
36. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Steriod
Functions or proteins
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Primary cell wall
37. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Nucleolus
Cellulose
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Hypercholesterolemia
38. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Secondary level of protein structure
Nonpolar amino acids
Pinocytosis
Domains
39. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Pyrimidines (identify)
Hemidesmosomes
Nucleolus
Methanogens
40. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Primary cell wall
Pinocytosis
Starch
Hydrolysis
41. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Intermediate filaments
Cenriole
Peptide bond
Amylose
42. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Middle lamella
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Integrins
43. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Primary level of protein structure
Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans
Glycosidic bond
44. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Microtubules
Monosaccharide
Cellulose
Keratin
45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Phospholipid (composition)
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Glycolipids
Glycerol
46. Two simple sugars joined together
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Disaccharide
Nucleolus
Extracellular matrix
47. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Secondary level of protein structure
Hemidesmosomes
Countertransport
48. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Intermediate filaments
Centrosome
Hydrolysis
Primary level of protein structure
49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Collagen
Aromatic amino acids
Hydrolysis
Glycosidic bond
50. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
Chromosome
Purines (identify)
Plastids