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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






2. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






3. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






4. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






5. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






6. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






7. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






8. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






9. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






10. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






11. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






12. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






13. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






14. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






15. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






16. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






17. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






18. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






19. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






20. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






21. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






22. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






23. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






24. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






25. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






26. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






27. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






29. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






30. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






31. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






32. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






33. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






34. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






35. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






36. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






37. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






38. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






39. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






40. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






41. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






42. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






43. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






44. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






45. Components of cytoskeleton






46. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






47. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






48. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






49. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






50. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms