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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nucleotide (composition)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Functions or proteins
Nonpolar amino acids
2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Miller - Urey experiment
Collagen
Major categories of macromolecules
Kinesin
3. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Bacteriorhodopsin
Phospholipid (composition)
Antiport
Cytoplasm
4. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Peptidoglycan
Chitin
Secondary level of protein structure
DNA (location)
5. Components of cytoskeleton
Hypercholesterolemia
Prokaryote
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Kinesin
6. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Antiport
Miller - Urey experiment
Glycoproteins
Primary cell wall
7. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Steriod
Hypercholesterolemia
Glycolipids
Chaperone proteins
8. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
C - H - O - N - S
Motifs
Cenriole
Functions or proteins
9. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Plasmodesmata
Fat (characteristics)
Central vacuole
Secondary cell wall
10. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Complimentary bases
Alpha glucose ring
Nucleolus
11. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Major categories of macromolecules
Bacteriorhodopsin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Extracellular matrix
12. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
First law of thermodynamics
Cytoskeleton
Desmosomes
Prostaglandin
13. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Extracellular matrix
xtrusion
Hydrolysis
Tight junctions
14. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Functions or proteins
Amylose
Beta barrel
Gram positive bacteria
15. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Plastids
Nucleolus
First law of thermodynamics
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
16. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Denaturation
Cellulose
Secondary cell wall
17. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Bacteria
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Glycerol
Nucleotide (composition)
18. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Steriod
Prokaryote
Monosaccharide
Bacteriorhodopsin
19. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Amylose
20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Dynein
Hypercholesterolemia
Domains
Archaebacteria
21. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Special function amino acids
Flagellum
Chaperone proteins
Motifs
22. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Prostaglandin
Archaebacteria
Rossman fold
Pinocytosis
23. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
xtrusion
Archaebacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
24. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Hemidesmosomes
Starch
Purines (characteristics)
25. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cenriole
Charged amino acids
Chromosome
26. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
5 classes of amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Extracellular matrix
27. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Amino acid (composition)
Cadherin
Differences between RNA and DNA
28. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Hemidesmosomes
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
xtrusion
Glycolipids
29. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Cellulose
Extreme halophiles
Intermediate filaments
Alpha glucose ring
30. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
First law of thermodynamics
Nucleolus
Amylose
Antiport
31. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Hemidesmosomes
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Spectrin
Special function amino acids
32. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
Glycerol
Fat (composition)
Integrins
33. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Primary level of protein structure
Purines (identify)
Prokaryote
Phosphdiester bond
34. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
ATP (composition)
Chaperone proteins
Centrosome
35. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
First law of thermodynamics
Glycerol
Starch
Fibronectin
36. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Intermediate filaments
Nucleolus
Glycolipids
37. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Proteoglycans
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Middle lamella
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
38. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Nucleolus
Keratin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
C - H - O - N - S
39. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Phospholipid (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Primary cell wall
Hypercholesterolemia
40. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Beta barrel
Gram positive bacteria
Charged amino acids
Clathrin
41. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Collagen
Middle lamella
Countertransport
Domains
42. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Spectrin
Anchoring junction
5 classes of amino acids
43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Hemidesmosomes
Chitin
Pinocytosis
Chaperone proteins
44. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Cytoskeleton
Prokaryote
Hydrocarbons
Extreme thermophiles
45. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
5 classes of amino acids
Dynein
Complimentary bases
Collagen
46. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Aromatic amino acids
Starch
Primary cell wall
Bacteriorhodopsin
47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Microtubules
Beta glucose ring
Amylopectin
Secondary level of protein structure
48. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Tight junctions
Extreme thermophiles
Glycerol
Differences between RNA and DNA
49. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Polar uncharged amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Extreme halophiles
Alpha glucose ring
50. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Cytoskeleton
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Integrins
Denaturation