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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






2. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






3. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






4. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






5. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






6. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






7. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






8. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






9. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






10. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






11. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






12. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






13. Two simple sugars joined together






14. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






15. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






16. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






17. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






18. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






19. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






20. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






21. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






22. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






23. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






24. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






25. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






26. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






27. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






28. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






29. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






30. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






31. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






32. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






33. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






34. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






35. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






36. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






37. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






38. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






39. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






40. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






41. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






42. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






43. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






44. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






45. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






46. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






47. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






48. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






49. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






50. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells