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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






2. Components of cytoskeleton






3. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






4. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






5. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






6. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






7. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






8. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






9. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






10. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






11. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






12. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






13. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






14. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






15. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






16. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






17. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






18. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






19. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






20. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






21. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






22. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






23. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






24. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






25. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






26. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






27. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






28. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






29. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






30. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






31. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






32. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






33. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






34. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






35. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






36. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






37. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






38. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






39. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






40. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






41. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






42. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






43. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






44. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






45. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






46. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






47. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






48. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






49. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






50. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix