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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






2. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






3. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






4. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






5. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






6. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






7. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






8. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






9. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






10. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






11. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






12. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






13. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






15. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






16. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






17. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






18. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






19. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






20. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






21. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






22. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






23. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






24. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






25. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






26. The bond between two sugar molecules






27. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






28. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






29. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






30. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






31. Adenine and Guanine






32. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






33. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






34. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






35. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






36. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






37. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






38. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






39. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






40. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






41. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






42. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






43. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






44. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






45. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






46. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






47. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






48. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






49. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






50. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix