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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






2. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






3. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






4. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






5. Components of cytoskeleton






6. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






7. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






8. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






9. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






10. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






11. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






12. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






13. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






14. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






15. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






16. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






17. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






18. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






19. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






20. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






21. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






22. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






23. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






24. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






25. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






26. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






27. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






28. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






29. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






30. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






31. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






32. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






33. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






34. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






35. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






36. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






37. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






38. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






39. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






40. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






41. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






42. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






45. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






46. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






47. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






48. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






49. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






50. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.