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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






2. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






3. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






4. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






5. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






6. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






7. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






8. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






9. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






10. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






11. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






12. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






13. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






14. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






15. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






16. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






17. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






18. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






19. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






20. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






21. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






22. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






23. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






24. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






25. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






26. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






27. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






28. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






29. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






30. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






31. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






32. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






33. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






34. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






35. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






36. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






37. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






38. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






39. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






40. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






41. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






42. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






43. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






44. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






45. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






46. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






47. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






48. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






49. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






50. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material