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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






2. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






3. Components of cytoskeleton






4. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






5. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






6. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






7. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






8. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






9. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






10. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






11. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






12. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






13. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






15. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






16. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






17. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






18. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






19. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






20. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






21. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






22. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






23. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






24. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






25. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






26. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






27. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






28. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






29. The bond between two sugar molecules






30. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






31. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






32. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






33. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






34. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






35. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






36. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






37. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






38. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






39. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






40. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






41. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






42. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






43. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






44. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






45. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






46. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






47. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






48. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






49. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






50. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement







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