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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Extracellular matrix
Monosaccharide
Middle lamella
Denaturation
2. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Domains
Amino acid (composition)
Prokaryote
3. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Bacteriorhodopsin
Extreme thermophiles
Phosphdiester bond
Glycosidic bond
4. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Amylose
Centrosome
Cyanobacteria
5. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Dynein
Extracellular matrix
Peptide bond
6. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
xtrusion
Chitin
Microtubules
Pyrimidines (identify)
7. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Plastids
Central vacuole
Keratin
Pyrimidines (identify)
8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Glycerol
Collagen
Prokaryote
Denaturation
9. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Cell Theory
Keratin
Tight junctions
Functions or proteins
10. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Amylose
Collagen
Quaternary level of protein structure
Nucleolus
11. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Dehydration synthesis
Amylose
12. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Intermediate filaments
Chromosome
Cell Theory
Cytoplasm
13. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Differences between RNA and DNA
Kinesin
Glycerol
Plasmodesmata
14. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Clathrin
Purines (characteristics)
Hydrocarbons
15. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Cenriole
Centrosome
Glycosidic bond
First law of thermodynamics
16. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Phosphdiester bond
Collagen
Cytoplasm
Bacteriorhodopsin
17. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Glycosidic bond
5 classes of amino acids
ATP (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
18. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Nonpolar amino acids
Hemidesmosomes
Clathrin
Fat (composition)
19. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Integrins
Cell Theory
Glycerol
20. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Cytoplasm
Complimentary bases
Peptidoglycan
Beta barrel
21. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Integrins
Collagen
Keratin
Central vacuole
22. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Prostaglandin
Special function amino acids
Phospholipid (composition)
Extreme halophiles
23. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Nucleolus
Chromosome
Pinocytosis
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
24. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
ATP (composition)
Adherins junctions
Primary level of protein structure
Major categories of macromolecules
25. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Glycolipids
Steriod
Purines (identify)
26. The bond between two sugar molecules
Secondary cell wall
Charged amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
Glycosidic bond
27. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Chromosome
Fat (composition)
Microtubules
Proteoglycans
28. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Dehydration synthesis
Extreme thermophiles
Integrins
Special function amino acids
29. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Differences between RNA and DNA
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Spectrin
Kinesin
30. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Peptide bond
Bacteria
Cytoplasm
31. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Archaebacteria
Hydrocarbons
Cytoskeleton
32. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Motifs
Plastids
Chaperone proteins
Polar uncharged amino acids
33. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Hydrocarbons
Keratin
Purines (characteristics)
Special function amino acids
34. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
C - H - O - N - S
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Pyrimidines (identify)
Antiport
35. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Major categories of macromolecules
Peptide bond
Countertransport
Rossman fold
36. Two simple sugars joined together
Anchoring junction
Disaccharide
Major categories of macromolecules
Antiport
37. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Purines (characteristics)
Secondary cell wall
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Antiport
38. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Nucleolus
xtrusion
Miller - Urey experiment
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
39. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Nucleotide (composition)
Cell Theory
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Middle lamella
40. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Cadherin
Extracellular matrix
Hypercholesterolemia
41. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Glycolipids
Cytoplasm
Extreme halophiles
Differences between RNA and DNA
42. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Extreme halophiles
Starch
Primary cell wall
Major categories of macromolecules
43. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Intermediate filaments
First law of thermodynamics
Phospholipid (composition)
Aromatic amino acids
44. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Cyanobacteria
Rossman fold
Chitin
Beta glucose ring
45. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Glycosidic bond
Cell Theory
Collagen
First law of thermodynamics
46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Denaturation
Aromatic amino acids
Gap junction
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
47. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Monosaccharide
Flagellum
Adherins junctions
Gram positive bacteria
48. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Bacteriorhodopsin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Proteoglycans
49. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Prostaglandin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
ATP (composition)
50. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Amylose
Primary cell wall
Intermediate filaments
Special function amino acids