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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






2. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






3. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






5. The bond between two sugar molecules






6. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






7. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






8. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






9. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






10. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






11. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






12. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






13. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






14. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






15. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






16. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






17. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






18. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






19. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






20. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






21. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






22. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






23. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






24. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






25. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






26. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






27. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






28. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






29. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






30. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






31. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






32. Adenine and Guanine






33. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






34. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






35. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






36. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






37. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






38. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






39. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






40. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






41. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






42. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






43. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






44. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






45. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






46. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






47. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






48. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






49. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






50. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base