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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Phospholipid (composition)
Anchoring junction
Extreme thermophiles
Dynein
2. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Domains
Prostaglandin
Peptidoglycan
Amino acid (composition)
3. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Dehydration synthesis
Gram positive bacteria
Chromosome
Proteoglycans
4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Pyrimidines (identify)
DNA (location)
Flagellum
C - H - O - N - S
5. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Amylose
Cyanobacteria
Polar uncharged amino acids
5 classes of amino acids
6. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Cyanobacteria
Collagen
Cytoplasm
Microtubules
7. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Dehydration synthesis
Amino acid (composition)
Beta barrel
Chitin
8. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid (composition)
Functions or proteins
Alpha glucose ring
Glycogen
9. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Gram positive bacteria
Purines (characteristics)
Middle lamella
Nonpolar amino acids
10. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
First law of thermodynamics
Steriod
Complimentary bases
Purines (identify)
11. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Polar uncharged amino acids
Steriod
Hemidesmosomes
Primary cell wall
12. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Quaternary level of protein structure
Secondary level of protein structure
Extreme thermophiles
Denaturation
13. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Complimentary bases
C - H - O - N - S
ATP (composition)
Glycolipids
14. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Fibronectin
C - H - O - N - S
Extreme thermophiles
xtrusion
15. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Clathrin
Secondary cell wall
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Proteoglycans
16. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Gram positive bacteria
Intermediate filaments
ATP (composition)
Charged amino acids
17. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Chaperone proteins
Primary level of protein structure
Nonpolar amino acids
Fat (characteristics)
18. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Fatty acid
Major categories of macromolecules
Peptidoglycan
19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Nonpolar amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Amylose
Methanogens
20. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Extreme thermophiles
Cadherin
Glycogen
Purines (characteristics)
21. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Flagellum
Secondary cell wall
Clathrin
Hydrolysis
22. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Central vacuole
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Gap junction
23. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Charged amino acids
Extreme thermophiles
Chitin
Hydrocarbons
24. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Functions or proteins
Chitin
Prostaglandin
Archaebacteria
25. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
Chitin
Plasmodesmata
Extreme thermophiles
26. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Keratin
Chitin
5 classes of amino acids
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Bacteria
Methanogens
Gram positive bacteria
Hydrocarbons
28. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Antiport
Beta glucose ring
Chaperone proteins
Glycosidic bond
29. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Bacteriorhodopsin
Plastids
Chitin
30. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Collagen
Clathrin
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
31. Adenine and Guanine
Phosphdiester bond
Rossman fold
Purines (identify)
Methanogens
32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Extreme halophiles
Rossman fold
Quaternary level of protein structure
Keratin
33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Amino acid (composition)
Centrosome
DNA (location)
Keratin
34. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Integrins
Complimentary bases
Pinocytosis
Alpha glucose ring
35. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Functions or proteins
Chromosome
Major categories of macromolecules
Secondary cell wall
36. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Polar uncharged amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
Miller - Urey experiment
Proteoglycans
37. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Domains
Motifs
Amylopectin
38. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Desmosomes
Steriod
Methanogens
Central vacuole
39. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Centrosome
Differences between RNA and DNA
Chaperone proteins
Intermediate filaments
40. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Integrins
Steriod
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Starch
41. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Plastids
Steriod
Polar uncharged amino acids
42. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Steriod
Complimentary bases
Integrins
43. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Secondary cell wall
Domains
Phospholipid (composition)
Cellulose
44. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Alpha glucose ring
Cadherin
Monosaccharide
Aromatic amino acids
45. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
C - H - O - N - S
Amino acid (composition)
Bacteria
Fatty acid
46. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Bacteriorhodopsin
5 classes of amino acids
xtrusion
Microtubules
47. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Chaperone proteins
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Extreme thermophiles
Prokaryote
48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Complimentary bases
Chromosome
Spectrin
Integrins
49. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Integrins
Cytoplasm
Clathrin
Proteoglycans
50. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Pinocytosis
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Motifs
Fibronectin