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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Cytoskeleton
Centrosome
Denaturation
Primary cell wall
2. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Extracellular matrix
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Glycerol
Anchoring junction
3. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Flagellum
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Hydrolysis
Extracellular matrix
4. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Middle lamella
Cytoskeleton
Steriod
Phosphdiester bond
5. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Purines (characteristics)
Alpha glucose ring
Peptidoglycan
Nucleolus
6. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
DNA (location)
Antiport
Cytoskeleton
7. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Extreme thermophiles
Fat (characteristics)
Spectrin
Functions or proteins
8. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Proteoglycans
Extreme halophiles
Domains
Primary level of protein structure
9. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Cell Theory
Starch
Gram positive bacteria
Amylopectin
10. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Cytoskeleton
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Anchoring junction
Alpha glucose ring
11. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Fat (characteristics)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Cytoskeleton
Beta glucose ring
12. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Extreme thermophiles
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Domains
Desmosomes
13. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Methanogens
Purines (identify)
Primary cell wall
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
14. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Hypercholesterolemia
Countertransport
Chitin
Adherins junctions
15. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
C - H - O - N - S
Pyrimidines (identify)
Dynein
Extreme thermophiles
16. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Intermediate filaments
Glycosidic bond
Primary level of protein structure
Plasmodesmata
17. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Miller - Urey experiment
Peptide bond
Plasmodesmata
Tight junctions
18. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Special function amino acids
Integrins
Complimentary bases
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
19. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Chromosome
Collagen
Central vacuole
Rossman fold
20. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Desmosomes
Integrins
Extreme thermophiles
Steriod
21. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
DNA (location)
Alpha glucose ring
Secondary cell wall
Flagellum
22. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Extracellular matrix
ATP (composition)
xtrusion
Hydrocarbons
23. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Integrins
Purines (identify)
Purines (characteristics)
Glycosidic bond
24. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Primary cell wall
Nucleolus
Charged amino acids
Glycerol
25. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Hydrocarbons
Extreme halophiles
Glycogen
26. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
Charged amino acids
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
C - H - O - N - S
27. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Cell Theory
xtrusion
28. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Special function amino acids
Glycolipids
Bacteria
Anchoring junction
29. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Peptide bond
Quaternary level of protein structure
Rossman fold
Glycoproteins
30. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Fatty acid
Archaebacteria
Secondary cell wall
Extreme thermophiles
31. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Fat (composition)
Amino acid (composition)
Peptide bond
Special function amino acids
32. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Fatty acid
5 classes of amino acids
Peptide bond
DNA (location)
33. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Cytoskeleton
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Anchoring junction
34. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Primary cell wall
Prokaryote
Disaccharide
Middle lamella
35. Two simple sugars joined together
Nucleolus
Plastids
xtrusion
Disaccharide
36. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Dynein
Clathrin
First law of thermodynamics
Steriod
37. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycoproteins
Hydrolysis
Nonpolar amino acids
Fibronectin
38. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Phospholipid (composition)
Fat (composition)
Glycogen
Dynein
39. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Tight junctions
Polar uncharged amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
40. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Antiport
Pinocytosis
Phosphdiester bond
Chaperone proteins
41. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Kinesin
xtrusion
Bacteriorhodopsin
Spectrin
42. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Middle lamella
Bacteria
Cytoskeleton
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
43. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Fatty acid
Beta glucose ring
Antiport
44. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
xtrusion
Extreme halophiles
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
45. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Chaperone proteins
Methanogens
Functions or proteins
Pinocytosis
46. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Countertransport
Gram positive bacteria
Kinesin
Extracellular matrix
47. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic
Extreme thermophiles
Bacteria
Major categories of macromolecules
Clathrin
48. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Alpha glucose ring
Beta barrel
Denaturation
49. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Gap junction
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Cellulose
Chitin
50. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Motifs
Domains
Prostaglandin
Phosphdiester bond