Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






2. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






3. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






4. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






5. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






6. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






7. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






8. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






9. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






10. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






11. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






12. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






13. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






14. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






15. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






16. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






17. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






19. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






20. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






21. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






24. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






25. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






26. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






27. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






28. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






29. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






30. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






31. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






32. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






33. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






34. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






36. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






37. Adenine and Guanine






38. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






40. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






41. Components of cytoskeleton






42. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






43. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






44. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






45. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






46. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






47. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






48. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






49. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






50. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine