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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






2. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






3. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






4. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






6. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






7. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






8. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






9. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






10. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






11. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






12. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






13. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






14. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






15. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






16. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






17. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






18. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






19. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






21. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






22. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






23. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






24. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






25. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






26. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






27. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






28. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






29. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






30. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






31. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






33. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






34. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






35. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






36. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






37. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






38. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






39. Two simple sugars joined together






40. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






41. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






42. Adenine and Guanine






43. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






44. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






45. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






46. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






47. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






48. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






49. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






50. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits