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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






2. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






3. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






4. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






5. The bond between two sugar molecules






6. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






7. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






8. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






9. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






10. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






11. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






12. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






13. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






14. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






15. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






16. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






17. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






18. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






19. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






20. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






21. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






22. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






23. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






24. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






25. Adenine and Guanine






26. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






27. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






28. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






29. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






30. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






31. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






32. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






33. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






34. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






36. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






37. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






38. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






39. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






40. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






41. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






42. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






43. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






44. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






45. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






46. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






47. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






48. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






49. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






50. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria