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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Primary cell wall
Dehydration synthesis
Secondary cell wall
2. 1 joule = 0.239 calories
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
ATP (composition)
Spectrin
Keratin
3. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Kinesin
Clathrin
Motifs
4. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Cell Theory
Pinocytosis
Collagen
Cytoplasm
5. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
xtrusion
Prostaglandin
5 classes of amino acids
Secondary cell wall
6. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Flagellum
Cytoskeleton
Dehydration synthesis
Motifs
7. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Phosphdiester bond
Spectrin
Glycogen
Dynein
8. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Cadherin
Hydrolysis
Charged amino acids
Pinocytosis
9. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Cenriole
Proteoglycans
Countertransport
Motifs
10. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Cenriole
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pyrimidines (identify)
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
11. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Clathrin
Nucleotide (composition)
Steriod
12. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Cytoplasm
Complimentary bases
Extreme halophiles
Peptidoglycan
13. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Adherins junctions
Prostaglandin
Peptidoglycan
Complimentary bases
14. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Centrosome
Bacteriorhodopsin
Rossman fold
Spectrin
15. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Miller - Urey experiment
Fibronectin
Glycerol
Disaccharide
16. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Glycerol
Desmosomes
Microtubules
Disaccharide
17. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Methanogens
Starch
Phosphdiester bond
Cytoskeleton
18. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
C - H - O - N - S
Dehydration synthesis
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Glycoproteins
19. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Secondary level of protein structure
Nonpolar amino acids
Fibronectin
Fat (composition)
20. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
First law of thermodynamics
Amino acid (composition)
Cellulose
Antiport
21. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Glycoproteins
Plastids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Tight junctions
22. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Collagen
Proteoglycans
Denaturation
Gap junction
23. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Complimentary bases
Cadherin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Pinocytosis
24. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Special function amino acids
xtrusion
Complimentary bases
Countertransport
25. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Dynein
Fibronectin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Phosphdiester bond
26. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Adherins junctions
Archaebacteria
Pinocytosis
Anchoring junction
27. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Methanogens
Prostaglandin
Anchoring junction
Hypercholesterolemia
28. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Peptide bond
Hemidesmosomes
Amino acid (composition)
Methanogens
29. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Microtubules
Hemidesmosomes
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Intermediate filaments
30. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Anchoring junction
Desmosomes
Extreme thermophiles
Glycolipids
31. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Monosaccharide
Centrosome
Beta barrel
Intermediate filaments
32. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Hypercholesterolemia
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Amylose
Major categories of macromolecules
33. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Plasmodesmata
Steriod
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Motifs
34. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Amylose
Gap junction
Flagellum
35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Dehydration synthesis
Gap junction
Hydrolysis
Fibronectin
36. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Motifs
Chromosome
Pyrimidines (identify)
Phosphdiester bond
37. Adenine and Guanine
Tight junctions
Primary level of protein structure
Purines (identify)
Collagen
38. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Nucleolus
Prostaglandin
Hydrolysis
Methanogens
39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Beta barrel
Phosphdiester bond
Quaternary level of protein structure
xtrusion
40. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Middle lamella
Hemidesmosomes
Chromosome
41. Components of cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Peptide bond
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Bacteria
42. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
DNA (location)
Primary level of protein structure
Middle lamella
43. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Chromosome
Dehydration synthesis
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
44. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Extracellular matrix
ATP (composition)
Monosaccharide
45. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Chaperone proteins
Countertransport
Middle lamella
Nucleolus
46. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Functions or proteins
Quaternary level of protein structure
Glycogen
Miller - Urey experiment
47. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Amylopectin
Miller - Urey experiment
Spectrin
Collagen
48. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Clathrin
Nucleolus
Kinesin
Dehydration synthesis
49. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
First law of thermodynamics
Extreme thermophiles
Phospholipid (composition)
Cytoplasm
50. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Differences between RNA and DNA
Starch
Polar uncharged amino acids
Phosphdiester bond