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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






2. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






3. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






4. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






6. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






7. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






8. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






9. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






10. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






11. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






12. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






13. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






14. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






15. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






16. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






17. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






18. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






19. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






20. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






21. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






22. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






23. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






24. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






25. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






26. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






28. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






29. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






30. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






31. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






32. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






33. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






34. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






35. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






36. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






37. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






38. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






39. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






40. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






41. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






42. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






43. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






44. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






45. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






46. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






47. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






48. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






49. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






50. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton