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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






2. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






3. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






4. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






5. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






6. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






7. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






8. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






9. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






10. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






11. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






12. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






13. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






14. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






15. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






18. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






19. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






20. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






22. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






23. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






24. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






25. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






26. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






27. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






28. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






29. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






30. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






31. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






32. Two simple sugars joined together






33. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






34. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






36. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






37. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






38. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






39. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






40. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






41. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






42. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






43. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






44. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






45. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






46. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






47. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






48. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






49. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






50. Components of cytoskeleton