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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






2. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






3. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






4. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






5. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






6. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






7. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






8. Two simple sugars joined together






9. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






10. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






11. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






12. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






13. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






14. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






15. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






16. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






17. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






18. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






19. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






20. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






21. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






22. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






23. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






24. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






25. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






26. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






27. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






28. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






29. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






30. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






31. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






32. Adenine and Guanine






33. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






34. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






35. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






36. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






37. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






38. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






39. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






40. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






41. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






42. Components of cytoskeleton






43. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






44. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






45. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






46. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






47. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






48. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






49. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






50. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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