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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Fibronectin
Chitin
Fat (composition)
Primary level of protein structure
2. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Fibronectin
Fatty acid
Denaturation
Cell Theory
3. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Primary level of protein structure
Dynein
Collagen
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
4. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Gram positive bacteria
First law of thermodynamics
Amylose
Amino acid (composition)
5. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Nucleolus
Domains
Anchoring junction
Plasmodesmata
6. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Plasmodesmata
Gram positive bacteria
Nonpolar amino acids
Amylose
7. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Pinocytosis
Pyrimidines (identify)
Purines (identify)
8. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Cellulose
Dehydration synthesis
Dynein
9. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
Microtubules
Spectrin
Hemidesmosomes
10. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Hydrocarbons
Motifs
Nucleotide (composition)
Purines (identify)
11. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
5 classes of amino acids
Fat (characteristics)
Cellulose
Desmosomes
12. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Primary level of protein structure
First law of thermodynamics
Collagen
Amylopectin
13. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Cytoplasm
Plastids
Functions or proteins
Pinocytosis
14. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Disaccharide
Centrosome
Extracellular matrix
Glycoproteins
15. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Denaturation
Keratin
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Hypercholesterolemia
16. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Prostaglandin
Fatty acid
Pyrimidines (identify)
Disaccharide
17. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Peptidoglycan
Cadherin
Clathrin
Nucleotide (composition)
18. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Prokaryote
Special function amino acids
Charged amino acids
Primary cell wall
19. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Glycosidic bond
Glycoproteins
Fatty acid
Antiport
20. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Microtubules
DNA (location)
Primary cell wall
Aromatic amino acids
21. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Amylopectin
Countertransport
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Glycosidic bond
22. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Archaebacteria
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Beta barrel
Differences between RNA and DNA
23. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion
Desmosomes
Flagellum
Beta barrel
Chitin
24. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Primary level of protein structure
Cytoskeleton
Beta barrel
Extreme thermophiles
25. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Cell Theory
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Secondary cell wall
First law of thermodynamics
26. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Tight junctions
Clathrin
xtrusion
Secondary level of protein structure
27. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Plastids
Monosaccharide
Fat (composition)
Cytoskeleton
28. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Cytoskeleton
Desmosomes
Methanogens
Glycosidic bond
29. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Denaturation
Prokaryote
Extracellular matrix
Polar uncharged amino acids
30. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Countertransport
Nucleotide (composition)
Miller - Urey experiment
Rossman fold
31. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
ATP (composition)
Domains
Tight junctions
32. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cyanobacteria
Extreme thermophiles
Major categories of macromolecules
Cadherin
33. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Clathrin
5 classes of amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Complimentary bases
34. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Phospholipid (composition)
Denaturation
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Dehydration synthesis
35. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton
Integrins
Major categories of macromolecules
Primary cell wall
Spectrin
36. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Peptide bond
Fat (characteristics)
Hydrocarbons
Methanogens
37. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Motifs
Nucleotide (composition)
Hypercholesterolemia
Extreme halophiles
38. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Glycosidic bond
Purines (identify)
Cenriole
Prokaryote
39. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Cell Theory
Nucleolus
Extreme thermophiles
Middle lamella
40. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Phosphdiester bond
Extreme halophiles
Primary level of protein structure
Clathrin
41. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Proteoglycans
Monosaccharide
Rossman fold
Hemidesmosomes
42. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Amino acid (composition)
Archaebacteria
Steriod
43. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Nucleotide (composition)
Desmosomes
Tight junctions
44. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Functions or proteins
Collagen
Peptide bond
Archaebacteria
45. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Steriod
Cyanobacteria
Beta barrel
46. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Aromatic amino acids
Functions or proteins
Collagen
Hypercholesterolemia
47. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Glycosidic bond
Hydrocarbons
Cyanobacteria
Primary level of protein structure
48. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine
Methanogens
Complimentary bases
Chitin
Cytoplasm
49. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cadherin
Purines (characteristics)
Cytoplasm
Motifs
50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
Fat (composition)
Adherins junctions
Nonpolar amino acids