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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






2. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






3. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






5. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






6. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






7. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






8. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






9. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






10. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






11. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






12. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






13. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






14. Adenine and Guanine






15. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






16. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






17. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






18. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






19. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






20. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






21. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






22. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






23. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






24. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






25. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






26. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






27. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






28. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






29. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






30. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






31. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






32. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






33. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






34. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






35. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






36. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






37. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






38. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






39. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






40. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






41. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






42. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






43. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






44. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






45. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






46. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






47. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






48. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






49. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






50. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)







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