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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






2. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






3. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






4. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






5. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






6. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






7. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






9. Components of cytoskeleton






10. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






11. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






12. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






13. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






14. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






15. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






18. Adenine and Guanine






19. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






20. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






22. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






23. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






24. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






25. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






26. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






27. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






28. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






29. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






30. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






31. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






32. Two simple sugars joined together






33. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






34. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






35. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






36. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






37. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






38. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






39. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






40. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






41. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






42. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






43. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






44. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






45. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






46. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






47. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






48. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






49. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






50. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.