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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






2. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






3. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






4. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






5. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






6. Adenine and Guanine






7. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






8. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






9. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






11. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






12. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






13. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






14. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






15. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






16. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






18. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






19. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






20. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






21. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






22. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






23. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






24. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






25. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






26. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






27. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






28. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






29. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






30. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






31. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






32. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






33. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






34. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






35. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






36. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






38. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






39. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






40. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






41. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






42. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






43. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






44. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






45. The bond between two sugar molecules






46. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






47. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






48. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






49. Components of cytoskeleton






50. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids







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