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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






2. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






3. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






4. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






5. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






6. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






7. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






9. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






10. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






11. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






12. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






13. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






14. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






15. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






16. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






17. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






18. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






19. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






20. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






21. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






22. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






23. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






25. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






26. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






27. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






28. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






29. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






30. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






31. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






32. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






33. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






34. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






35. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






36. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






37. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






38. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






39. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






40. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






41. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






42. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






43. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






44. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






45. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






46. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






47. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






48. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






49. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






50. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria