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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Integrins
Secondary cell wall
First law of thermodynamics
Plastids
2. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
DNA (location)
Glycosidic bond
First law of thermodynamics
Primary cell wall
3. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Fat (composition)
Glycosidic bond
Differences between RNA and DNA
4. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Antiport
Primary level of protein structure
Methanogens
First law of thermodynamics
5. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement
Microtubules
Chitin
Anchoring junction
Peptide bond
6. Two simple sugars joined together
Hemidesmosomes
Hypercholesterolemia
Tight junctions
Disaccharide
7. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
xtrusion
Glycerol
Antiport
Prokaryote
8. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites
Rossman fold
Secondary level of protein structure
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
First law of thermodynamics
9. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
C - H - O - N - S
Rossman fold
Microtubules
Glycolipids
10. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Extreme thermophiles
Prokaryote
Plastids
11. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Peptide bond
Cadherin
Proteoglycans
Rossman fold
12. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Cellulose
Chromosome
Hydrocarbons
Dynein
13. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Beta glucose ring
Polar uncharged amino acids
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Cellulose
14. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Amylopectin
Functions or proteins
Beta barrel
15. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Prostaglandin
Nonpolar amino acids
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Monosaccharide
16. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Prostaglandin
Cenriole
Adherins junctions
Major categories of macromolecules
17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Hydrolysis
Phosphdiester bond
Purines (identify)
Quaternary level of protein structure
18. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience
Amino acid (composition)
Extracellular matrix
Clathrin
Polar uncharged amino acids
19. Most common atoms found in biological molecules
Quaternary level of protein structure
Peptide bond
Peptidoglycan
C - H - O - N - S
20. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Central vacuole
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Amylose
Prokaryote
21. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Antiport
C - H - O - N - S
Monosaccharide
22. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Bacteria
Glycoproteins
5 classes of amino acids
Major categories of macromolecules
23. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Hypercholesterolemia
Collagen
Rossman fold
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
24. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)
Glycogen
Countertransport
Hemidesmosomes
Purines (identify)
25. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)
Glycosidic bond
Primary cell wall
Domains
Glycoproteins
26. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Methanogens
Antiport
Nucleotide (composition)
Extracellular matrix
27. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Glycoproteins
Kinesin
Amino acid (composition)
Clathrin
28. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Middle lamella
Archaebacteria
Special function amino acids
Countertransport
29. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
5 classes of amino acids
Primary cell wall
Rossman fold
Tight junctions
30. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Hydrolysis
Fatty acid
Quaternary level of protein structure
31. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Charged amino acids
Glycoproteins
Peptidoglycan
Plastids
32. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Proteoglycans
Complimentary bases
Primary cell wall
ATP (composition)
33. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Adherins junctions
Hemidesmosomes
Extreme halophiles
Desmosomes
34. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material
Hydrocarbons
Amylose
Central vacuole
Bacteriorhodopsin
35. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Glycerol
Primary cell wall
Amino acid (composition)
36. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Spectrin
Fibronectin
37. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Fat (composition)
First law of thermodynamics
Extreme thermophiles
Flagellum
38. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Nonpolar amino acids
Alpha glucose ring
Cytoskeleton
Denaturation
39. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Dynein
Glycerol
Adherins junctions
Pyrimidines (identify)
40. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Integrins
Countertransport
Nucleolus
41. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Plasmodesmata
Differences between RNA and DNA
Fatty acid
Quaternary level of protein structure
42. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Chromosome
Dehydration synthesis
Denaturation
Cell Theory
43. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Complimentary bases
Extreme thermophiles
Chromosome
44. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Starch
Plasmodesmata
Chaperone proteins
Collagen
45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Charged amino acids
Motifs
Peptidoglycan
Cadherin
46. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Aromatic amino acids
ATP (composition)
Cell Theory
47. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Central vacuole
Secondary cell wall
Spectrin
Gap junction
48. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junction
Dehydration synthesis
xtrusion
Starch
49. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
Motifs
Peptidoglycan
Secondary cell wall
50. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Prokaryote
Gap junction
Monosaccharide
Charged amino acids