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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Central vacuole
Domains
Archaebacteria
2. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Purines (characteristics)
Chitin
Centrosome
C - H - O - N - S
3. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Gram positive bacteria
Aromatic amino acids
Prostaglandin
4. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Gram positive bacteria
Hemidesmosomes
Chromosome
Clathrin
5. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Central vacuole
Amylose
Steriod
Pyrimidines (identify)
6. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Bacteriorhodopsin
Differences between RNA and DNA
Primary level of protein structure
7. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Antiport
Denaturation
Extracellular matrix
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
8. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Primary level of protein structure
Starch
Prostaglandin
Major categories of macromolecules
9. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Nucleotide (composition)
Tight junctions
ATP (composition)
Purines (identify)
10. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Cyanobacteria
Kinesin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Quaternary level of protein structure
11. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Alpha glucose ring
Clathrin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
12. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
xtrusion
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Collagen
Amylose
13. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Cenriole
Prokaryote
Integrins
Bacteria
14. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane
Cadherin
Central vacuole
Dehydration synthesis
Archaebacteria
15. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Dehydration synthesis
Prokaryote
16. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Cytoskeleton
Functions or proteins
Chaperone proteins
Plastids
17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
Domains
Differences between RNA and DNA
Nucleotide (composition)
18. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Primary cell wall
ATP (composition)
Keratin
Cellulose
19. Two simple sugars joined together
Disaccharide
Polar uncharged amino acids
Middle lamella
C - H - O - N - S
20. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Clathrin
Plasmodesmata
Polar uncharged amino acids
Hypercholesterolemia
21. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Disaccharide
Domains
Chitin
Middle lamella
22. Adenine and Guanine
Keratin
Secondary level of protein structure
Purines (identify)
Motifs
23. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Dynein
Peptide bond
Aromatic amino acids
Collagen
24. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Miller - Urey experiment
Cytoplasm
Cell Theory
First law of thermodynamics
25. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Antiport
Methanogens
Gap junction
Cenriole
26. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Cellulose
Extracellular matrix
Special function amino acids
Antiport
27. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Miller - Urey experiment
Hydrocarbons
Motifs
Plastids
28. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Plastids
Complimentary bases
Chromosome
Cyanobacteria
29. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Spectrin
Primary level of protein structure
Amino acid (composition)
Methanogens
30. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group
Charged amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Beta glucose ring
Microtubules
31. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Gram positive bacteria
Hypercholesterolemia
Peptide bond
Primary level of protein structure
32. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Clathrin
Cellulose
Adherins junctions
First law of thermodynamics
33. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Tight junctions
Major categories of macromolecules
Amino acid (composition)
Pyrimidines (identify)
34. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Aromatic amino acids
Keratin
Hemidesmosomes
35. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Glycosidic bond
5 classes of amino acids
Middle lamella
Phospholipid (composition)
36. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Microtubules
Aromatic amino acids
Charged amino acids
37. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Cenriole
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Primary cell wall
Purines (identify)
38. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Nucleolus
Integrins
Disaccharide
Phospholipid (composition)
39. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Purines (identify)
Glycolipids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Dynein
40. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Phospholipid (composition)
Monosaccharide
Hypercholesterolemia
Anchoring junction
41. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Purines (characteristics)
Chaperone proteins
Antiport
Chitin
42. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Kinesin
Amylose
Domains
Special function amino acids
43. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Peptidoglycan
First law of thermodynamics
Peptide bond
Primary level of protein structure
44. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Chitin
Denaturation
Secondary cell wall
DNA (location)
45. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Major categories of macromolecules
Cytoskeleton
Secondary level of protein structure
Glycolipids
46. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Tight junctions
Prostaglandin
Chaperone proteins
Nucleotide (composition)
47. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Nucleotide (composition)
Hydrolysis
Anchoring junction
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
48. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
C - H - O - N - S
ATP (composition)
Cenriole
Collagen
49. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Amylose
Polar uncharged amino acids
Chromosome
Prostaglandin
50. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Glycosidic bond
Hydrocarbons
DNA (location)
Methanogens