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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






2. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






3. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






4. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






5. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






6. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






7. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






8. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






9. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






10. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






11. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






12. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






13. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






14. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






15. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






16. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






17. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






18. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






19. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






20. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






21. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






22. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






23. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






24. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






25. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






26. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






27. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






28. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






29. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






30. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






31. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






33. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






34. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






35. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






36. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






37. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






38. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






39. Adenine and Guanine






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






41. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






42. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






44. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






45. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






46. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






47. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






48. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






49. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






50. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.