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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






2. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






3. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






4. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






6. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






7. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






8. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






9. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






10. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






11. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






12. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






13. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






14. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






15. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






16. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






17. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






18. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






19. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






20. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






21. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






22. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






23. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






24. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






25. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






26. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






27. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






28. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






29. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






30. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






31. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






32. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






33. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






34. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






35. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






36. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






37. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






38. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






39. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






40. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






41. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






42. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






43. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






44. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






45. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






46. Components of cytoskeleton






47. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






48. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






49. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






50. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix