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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






2. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






4. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






5. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






6. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






7. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






8. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






9. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






10. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






11. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






12. Two simple sugars joined together






13. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






14. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






15. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






16. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






17. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






18. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






19. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






20. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






21. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






22. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






23. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






24. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






25. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






26. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






27. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






28. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






29. Adenine and Guanine






30. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






31. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






32. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






33. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






34. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






35. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






36. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






37. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






38. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






39. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






40. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






41. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






42. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






43. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






44. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






45. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






46. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






47. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






48. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






49. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






50. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production