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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






2. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






3. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






4. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






5. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






6. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






7. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






8. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






9. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






10. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






11. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






12. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






13. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






14. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






15. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






16. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






17. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






18. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






19. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






20. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






21. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






22. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






23. The bond between two sugar molecules






24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






25. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






26. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






27. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






28. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






29. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






30. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






31. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






32. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






33. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






34. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






35. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






36. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






37. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






38. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






39. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






40. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






41. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






42. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






43. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






44. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






45. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






46. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






47. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






48. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






49. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






50. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell