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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






2. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






3. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






4. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






5. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






6. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






7. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






8. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






9. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






10. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






11. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






12. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






13. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






14. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






15. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






16. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






17. The bond between two sugar molecules






18. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






19. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






20. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






21. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






22. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






23. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






24. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






25. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






26. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






27. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






28. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






29. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






30. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






31. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






32. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






33. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






34. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






35. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






36. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






37. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






38. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






39. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






40. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






41. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






42. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






43. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






44. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






45. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






46. Two simple sugars joined together






47. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






48. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






49. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






50. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)