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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






2. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






3. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






4. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






5. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






6. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






7. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






8. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






9. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






10. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






11. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






12. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






13. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






14. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






15. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






16. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






17. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






18. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






19. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






20. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






21. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






22. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






23. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






24. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






25. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






26. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






27. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






28. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






29. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






30. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






31. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






32. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






33. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






34. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






35. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






36. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






37. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






38. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






39. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






40. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






41. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






42. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






43. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






44. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






45. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






46. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






47. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






48. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






49. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






50. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base