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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






2. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






3. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






4. Components of cytoskeleton






5. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






6. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






7. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






8. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






9. Adenine and Guanine






10. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






11. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






12. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






13. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






14. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






15. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






16. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






17. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






18. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






19. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






20. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






21. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






22. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






23. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






24. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






25. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






26. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






27. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






28. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






29. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






30. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






31. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






32. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






33. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






34. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






35. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






36. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






37. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






38. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






39. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






40. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






41. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






42. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






43. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






44. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






45. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






46. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






47. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






48. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






49. 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) bound to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base






50. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves