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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






2. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






3. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






4. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






5. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






6. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






7. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






8. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






9. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






10. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






11. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






12. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






13. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






14. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






15. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






17. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






18. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






19. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






20. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






21. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






22. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






23. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






24. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






25. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






26. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






27. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






28. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






29. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






30. The bond between two sugar molecules






31. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






32. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






33. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






34. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






35. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






36. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






37. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






38. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






39. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






40. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






41. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






42. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






43. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






44. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






45. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






46. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






47. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






48. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






49. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






50. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH