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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






2. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






3. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






4. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






5. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






6. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






7. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






8. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






9. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






10. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






11. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






12. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






13. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






14. Components of cytoskeleton






15. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






16. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






17. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






18. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






19. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






20. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






21. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






22. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






23. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






24. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






25. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






26. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






27. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






28. The inward movement of one molecule is coupled with the outward movement of another (across the cell membrane)






29. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






30. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






31. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






32. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






33. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






34. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






35. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






36. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






38. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






39. Adenine and Guanine






40. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






41. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






42. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






43. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






44. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






45. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






46. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






47. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






48. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






49. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






50. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine