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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






2. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






3. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






4. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






5. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






6. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






7. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production






8. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






9. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






10. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






11. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






12. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






13. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






15. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






16. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






17. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






18. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






19. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






20. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






21. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






22. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






23. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






25. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






26. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






27. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






28. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






29. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






30. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






31. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






32. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






33. The bond between two sugar molecules






34. Components of cytoskeleton






35. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






36. Adenine and Guanine






37. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






38. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






39. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






40. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






41. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






42. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






43. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






44. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






45. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






46. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






47. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






48. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






49. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






50. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated