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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






2. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






3. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






4. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






5. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






6. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






7. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






8. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






9. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






10. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






11. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






12. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






13. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






14. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






15. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






16. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






17. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






18. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






19. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






20. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






21. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






22. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






23. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






24. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






25. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






26. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






27. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






28. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






29. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






30. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






31. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






32. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






33. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






34. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






35. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






36. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






37. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






38. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






39. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






40. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






41. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






42. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






43. Components of cytoskeleton






44. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






45. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






46. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






47. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






48. Adenine and Guanine






49. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles






50. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains