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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






2. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






3. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






4. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






5. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






6. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






7. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






8. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






9. The bond between two sugar molecules






10. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






11. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






12. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






13. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






14. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






15. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






16. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






17. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






18. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






19. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






20. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






21. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






22. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






23. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






24. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






25. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






26. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






27. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






28. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






29. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






30. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






31. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






32. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






33. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






34. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






35. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






36. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






37. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






38. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






39. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






40. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






41. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






42. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






43. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






44. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






45. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






46. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






47. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






48. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






49. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






50. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions