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MCAT Biology 3
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Adherins junctions
Alpha glucose ring
Hypercholesterolemia
Phosphdiester bond
2. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Primary level of protein structure
Gap junction
Extracellular matrix
Domains
3. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Major categories of macromolecules
Starch
Extreme halophiles
Dehydration synthesis
4. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Methanogens
Charged amino acids
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Phospholipid (composition)
5. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix
Alpha glucose ring
Intermediate filaments
Chitin
Adherins junctions
6. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
Prokaryote
Rossman fold
Chaperone proteins
Microtubules
7. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet
Glycosidic bond
Extreme halophiles
Amino acid (composition)
Motifs
8. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
5 classes of amino acids
ATP (composition)
Hemidesmosomes
Major categories of macromolecules
9. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Hydrocarbons
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Quaternary level of protein structure
10. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Major categories of macromolecules
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Amylose
Glycerol
11. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Steriod
Nonpolar amino acids
Glycolipids
Secondary level of protein structure
12. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Chitin
Nucleotide (composition)
Denaturation
Dynein
13. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.
Glycerol
Tight junctions
Collagen
Nucleolus
14. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Polar uncharged amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
Peptidoglycan
Domains
15. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Pinocytosis
Middle lamella
Microtubules
16. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)
Nucleotide (composition)
Anchoring junction
Hydrocarbons
Functions or proteins
17. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Prokaryote
Fat (characteristics)
Nonpolar amino acids
Phosphdiester bond
18. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Nucleolus
Cadherin
Phosphdiester bond
Collagen
19. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
xtrusion
Countertransport
Major categories of macromolecules
Cyanobacteria
20. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Centrosome
Extracellular matrix
Kinesin
21. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
DNA (location)
Primary level of protein structure
Cenriole
Collagen
22. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)
Bacteriorhodopsin
Peptidoglycan
Glycolipids
Adherins junctions
23. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Purines (characteristics)
Anchoring junction
Middle lamella
Glycerol
24. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction
Hydrolysis
Glycoproteins
Extracellular matrix
Desmosomes
25. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions
Bacteria
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Domains
Fibronectin
26. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
C - H - O - N - S
Glycogen
Spectrin
Proteoglycans
27. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Antiport
Cell Theory
Prostaglandin
Glycolipids
28. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers
Glycolipids
Rossman fold
Miller - Urey experiment
Cytoplasm
29. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Fatty acid
Glycoproteins
Countertransport
Primary level of protein structure
30. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Disaccharide
Cell Theory
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
31. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Monosaccharide
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cenriole
Tight junctions
32. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Cell Theory
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Flagellum
First law of thermodynamics
33. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
ATP (composition)
Beta barrel
Purines (characteristics)
Cytoskeleton
34. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Intermediate filaments
Quaternary level of protein structure
Amylopectin
Glycerol
35. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells
Fibronectin
Bacteriorhodopsin
Middle lamella
Complimentary bases
36. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Fat (characteristics)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Bacteria
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
37. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
Cytoskeleton
Special function amino acids
Glycerol
Cadherin
38. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
Microtubules
Desmosomes
Bacteria
39. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Centrosome
Bacteriorhodopsin
Prokaryote
Glycolipids
40. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Cytoskeleton
Major categories of macromolecules
Chitin
Primary cell wall
41. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Middle lamella
Collagen
Major categories of macromolecules
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
42. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Keratin
Charged amino acids
Complimentary bases
Flagellum
43. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group
Bacteriorhodopsin
Desmosomes
Amino acid (composition)
Cytoplasm
44. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Chaperone proteins
Major categories of macromolecules
Plasmodesmata
Dynein
45. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Alpha glucose ring
Secondary cell wall
Hypercholesterolemia
Cadherin
46. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Differences between RNA and DNA
Spectrin
Beta barrel
Fat (composition)
47. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Complimentary bases
Dynein
Amino acid (composition)
48. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Fibronectin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
ATP (composition)
Antiport
49. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.
C - H - O - N - S
Primary cell wall
Extreme thermophiles
Steriod
50. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior
Extreme halophiles
Quaternary level of protein structure
DNA (location)
Integrins
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