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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






2. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






3. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells






4. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






5. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






6. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






7. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






8. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






9. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






10. Adenine --- Thymine (DNA) - Adenine --- Uracil (RNA) - Guanine --- Cytosine






11. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






12. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






13. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






14. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






15. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






16. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






17. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






18. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls






19. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






20. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






21. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






22. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






23. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






24. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






25. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






26. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






28. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






29. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






30. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






31. Adenine and Guanine






32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






33. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






34. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






35. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






36. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






37. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






38. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






39. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






40. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






41. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






42. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






43. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






44. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution






45. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






46. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






47. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






48. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






49. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






50. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane