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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine and Guanine






2. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






3. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






4. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






5. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






6. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






7. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






8. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






9. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






10. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






11. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






12. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






13. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






14. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






15. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






16. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






17. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






18. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






19. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior






20. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






21. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






22. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






23. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






24. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






25. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






26. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






27. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






28. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






29. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






30. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






31. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






32. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell






33. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support






34. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






35. Proteins that are anchored in and pass through the plasma membrane; attached to the cytoskeleton on the interior and to the ECM on the exterior






36. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






37. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






38. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






39. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






40. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






41. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






42. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






43. Components of cytoskeleton






44. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






45. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






46. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






47. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






48. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






49. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






50. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.