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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






2. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






3. Two simple sugars joined together






4. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






5. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






6. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






7. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






8. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






9. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






10. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






11. Responsible for cellular movments like contraction - crawling - pinching during division or cytosis - and formation of cellular extensions






12. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






13. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






14. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






15. The second major group of prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls and are photosynthetic






16. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group






17. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






18. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






19. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






20. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






21. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






22. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






23. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells






24. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






25. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






26. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






27. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






28. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






29. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






30. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






31. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






32. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






33. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






34. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






35. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






36. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






37. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






38. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.






39. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA






40. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






41. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






42. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






43. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






44. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine






45. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






47. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






48. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules






49. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen






50. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group







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