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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Cyanobacteria
Cytoplasm
ATP (composition)
Proteoglycans
2. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Differences between RNA and DNA
Cytoplasm
Complimentary bases
Phospholipid (composition)
3. A structure that some fully expanded plant cells produce; provides very strong structural support
Pyrimidines (identify)
Secondary cell wall
Disaccharide
Cellulose
4. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport
Dynein
Keratin
Fat (composition)
Intermediate filaments
5. Glycoproteins that forms a complex web that forms a protective layer of the surface of animal cells
Proteoglycans
Cell Theory
Amylose
Tertiaty level of protein structure
6. Adenine and Guanine
Chaperone proteins
Functions or proteins
Purines (identify)
Nucleolus
7. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves
Hydrocarbons
Plastids
Aromatic amino acids
Glycoproteins
8. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics
Chaperone proteins
Kinesin
Desmosomes
Peptide bond
9. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM
Steriod
Purines (characteristics)
Collagen
Middle lamella
10. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Monosaccharide
Glycolipids
Cenriole
Tertiaty level of protein structure
11. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out
Chromosome
xtrusion
Pyrimidines (identify)
Peptide bond
12. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Extreme halophiles
Prostaglandin
Phosphdiester bond
Purines (identify)
13. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Glycolipids
Gap junction
Antiport
Starch
14. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Extreme halophiles
Steriod
Integrins
15. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling
DNA (location)
Cytoskeleton
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
C - H - O - N - S
16. Glycine - Serine - Threonine - Asparagine - Glutamine
Extreme thermophiles
Pyrimidines (identify)
Beta glucose ring
Polar uncharged amino acids
17. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)
Quaternary level of protein structure
DNA (location)
Gram positive bacteria
Bacteria
18. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol
Extracellular matrix
Fat (composition)
Chitin
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
19. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane
Clathrin
Chromosome
Hypercholesterolemia
Hydrocarbons
20. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Extracellular matrix
Phosphdiester bond
Glycogen
21. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Phospholipid (composition)
Dynein
Chaperone proteins
Steriod
22. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Phosphdiester bond
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Nucleotide (composition)
Disaccharide
23. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out
Chaperone proteins
Antiport
Hydrocarbons
Dynein
24. Composed of connexons; creates a channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Glycerol
Amylose
Gap junction
Amylopectin
25. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter
Pinocytosis
Intermediate filaments
Chromosome
Special function amino acids
26. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries
Phospholipid (composition)
Cenriole
Bacteriorhodopsin
Hypercholesterolemia
27. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria
xtrusion
Extreme halophiles
Plastids
Prokaryote
28. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated
Antiport
Chitin
Fat (characteristics)
Amylopectin
29. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Amino acid (composition)
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Purines (identify)
Alpha glucose ring
30. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine
Nonpolar amino acids
Purines (identify)
Gram positive bacteria
Extracellular matrix
31. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
DNA (location)
Steriod
Collagen
32. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
Purines (characteristics)
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Gram positive bacteria
Domains
33. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Archaebacteria
5 classes of amino acids
Plasmodesmata
Fat (characteristics)
34. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Proteoglycans
Glycolipids
Adherins junctions
Cell Theory
35. A cluster in the nucleus of ribosomal RNA genes - ribosomal proteins - and the RNAs they produce: it is the site of mass ribosome production
Nucleolus
Tight junctions
Peptide bond
Steriod
36. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Cellulose
Fatty acid
Domains
C - H - O - N - S
37. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure
Beta barrel
Cytoplasm
Central vacuole
Nucleotide (composition)
38. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
Purines (identify)
Major categories of macromolecules
39. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Functions or proteins
Purines (characteristics)
Chromosome
Anchoring junction
40. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments
Antiport
Intermediate filaments
Amino acid (composition)
Fatty acid
41. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Anchoring junction
Purines (characteristics)
Miller - Urey experiment
Glycogen
42. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine
Hemidesmosomes
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Proteoglycans
Aromatic amino acids
43. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)
Glycogen
First law of thermodynamics
Anchoring junction
Nucleolus
44. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
Gap junction
5 classes of amino acids
Spectrin
Alpha glucose ring
45. The bond between two sugar molecules
Charged amino acids
Glycosidic bond
Integrins
Beta glucose ring
46. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Special function amino acids
Nonpolar amino acids
Centrosome
Glycerol
47. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.
Complimentary bases
First law of thermodynamics
Denaturation
Purines (identify)
48. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Purines (characteristics)
Cytoplasm
Domains
Glycoproteins
49. Components of cytoskeleton
Spectrin
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton
Nucleolus
50. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Major categories of macromolecules
Fatty acid
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Purines (characteristics)
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