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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology 3
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.
Prostaglandin
Polar uncharged amino acids
Cellulose
Bacteriorhodopsin
2. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids
Adherins junctions
Plasmodesmata
Plastids
Major categories of macromolecules
3. The final folded shape of a globular protein -- positions folds nonpolar side groups within the interior
Spectrin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Primary level of protein structure
Kinesin
4. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein
Antiport
Alpha glucose ring
Hemidesmosomes
Chromosome
5. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
Glycerol
Hypercholesterolemia
C - H - O - N - S
Motifs
6. The exact sequence of amino acids specified by DNA
Collagen
Cadherin
Glycerol
Primary level of protein structure
7. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline
Tight junctions
Special function amino acids
Differences between RNA and DNA
Polar uncharged amino acids
8. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists
Glycolipids
Fat (composition)
Primary cell wall
Gap junction
9. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells
Nucleolus
Pyrimidines (identify)
Fatty acid
Keratin
10. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea
Purines (characteristics)
Glycogen
Starch
Extreme halophiles
11. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits
Amylopectin
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Fat (characteristics)
Fat (composition)
12. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
5 classes of amino acids
DNA (location)
Pinocytosis
Pyrimidines (identify)
13. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures
Bacteriorhodopsin
Peptide bond
Phosphdiester bond
Chaperone proteins
14. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport
Glycolipids
Kinesin
Primary cell wall
Functions or proteins
15. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH
Charged amino acids
Hydrolysis
Penicillin (mechanism of action)
Steriod
16. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group
Monosaccharide
ATP (composition)
Steriod
Polar uncharged amino acids
17. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.
Fatty acid
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Amylopectin
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
18. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.
Hydrolysis
Quaternary level of protein structure
Microtubules
Cellulose
19. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
Adherins junctions
Joule <--> Calorie (conversion)
Desmosomes
20. Simplest starch which is a long unbranching chain of glucose molecules
Plasmodesmata
Domains
Amylose
Polar uncharged amino acids
21. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).
Hypercholesterolemia
Miller - Urey experiment
Motifs
Chromosome
22. The region surrounding a pair of centrioles
Miller - Urey experiment
Cyanobacteria
Centrosome
Prokaryote
23. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function
5 classes of amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Major categories of macromolecules
Spectrin
24. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group
Alpha glucose ring
xtrusion
Middle lamella
Kinesin
25. A semi - fluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
Chaperone proteins
Cytoplasm
Extreme thermophiles
Glycolipids
26. Components of cytoskeleton
Glycerol
Actin - microtubules - intermediate filaments
Keratin
Tertiaty level of protein structure
27. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction
Extreme halophiles
Actin (functions in cytoskeleton)
Dehydration synthesis
Tertiaty level of protein structure
28. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA
Purines (characteristics)
Glycogen
Peptidoglycan
Keratin
29. Energy rich molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Extreme halophiles
Phospholipid (composition)
Cell Theory
30. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).
Central vacuole
Starch
Gram positive bacteria
Domains
31. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi
Gram positive bacteria
Secondary level of protein structure
Cenriole
Nonpolar amino acids
32. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA
Chitin
Keratin
Plastids
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
33. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine
Plasmodesmata
Cenriole
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Pyrimidines (identify)
34. Gram positive bacteria have a think - single - layered cell wall that retains the dye used in Gram - staining. Penicillin only works on gram - positive bacteria.
5 classes of amino acids
Tertiaty level of protein structure
Amylose
Gram positive bacteria
35. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain
Hypercholesterolemia
Peptidoglycan
Secondary level of protein structure
Keratin
36. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.
Cyanobacteria
Methanogens
Fatty acid
Phosphdiester bond
37. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Adherins junctions
Primary level of protein structure
Differences between RNA and DNA
Pyrimidines (identify)
38. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells
Archaebacteria
Glycerol
Tight junctions
Plasmodesmata
39. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane
Special function amino acids
Rossman fold
Hemidesmosomes
Plastids
40. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis
Gram positive bacteria
Bacteriorhodopsin
Glycogen
Archaebacteria
41. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium
Keratin
Anchoring junction
Plasmodesmata
Functions or proteins
42. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Cadherin
Gap junction
Tight junctions
Archaebacteria
43. Simple sugars; may be as few as three carbon atoms; those used in energy storage are 6 carbon chains that form rings in solution
Glycogen
Glycoproteins
Monosaccharide
Fat (characteristics)
44. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today
Alpha glucose ring
Anchoring junction
Peptide bond
Methanogens
45. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen
Fibronectin
Cyanobacteria
Pyrimidines (identify)
First law of thermodynamics
46. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane
Disaccharide
Intermediate filaments
Fibronectin
Chromosome
47. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.
Functions or proteins
Transport disaccharides (reasoning)
Pyrimidines (characteristics)
Gram positive bacteria
48. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
Spectrin
Central vacuole
Desmosomes
Glycoproteins
49. Adenine and Guanine
Purines (identify)
Nucleolus
Desmosomes
Glycogen
50. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms
Carbohydrates (empirical formula)
Centrosome
Cellulose
Monosaccharide