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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






2. 5- carbon sugar - adenine - and a tri - phosphate group






3. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






4. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






5. Adenine and Guanine






6. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






7. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






8. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






9. Archaebacteria that live in very salty environments - such as the Dead Sea






10. Cysteine - Methionine - Proline






11. Cytosine - Uracile - Thymine






12. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






13. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






14. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






15. A type of intermediate filament found in epithelial cells






16. The matrix of glycoproteins that animal cells deposit outside the plasma membrane which provide support - strength - and resilience






17. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






18. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






19. The bond between two sugar molecules






20. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






22. Components of cytoskeleton






23. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






24. A group of about 20 lipids that are modified fatty acids - 5- carbon ring w/ 2 nonpolar tails.






25. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






26. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






27. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






28. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






29. Chlorophyll containing bacteria that played an important role in increasing the concentration of oxygen






30. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the opposite plane of the methanol group






31. A network of integrins that connects the actin filaments of one cell with those of neighboring cells or with the extra cellular matrix






32. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






33. The most stable and durable element of cytoskeletal structure; includes vimentin - keratin - and neurofilaments






34. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






35. Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures






36. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






37. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






38. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






39. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






40. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






41. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






42. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






43. Most common atoms found in biological molecules






44. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






45. A modified form of cellulose with a nitrogen group added to the glucose units; structural building material found in arthropods and cell walls of many fungi.






46. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






47. Glycoprotein that attaches the ECM to the plasma membrane






48. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






49. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






50. A glucose ring formed with the hydroxyl group in the same plane as the methanol group