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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A carrier protein that simultaneously moves one molecule in as it moves another out






2. The DNA found in cells which transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next; in prokaryotes it is a single naked circle of DNA; in eukaryotes it is a single strand of DNA complexed with protein






3. Cholesterol receptors lack tails and cannot be taken up by cells; stays in the bloodstream and coats arteries






4. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






5. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






6. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






7. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






8. Small single - celled organisms that lack a definite nucleus and distinct interior compartments; they are encased within a rigid cell wall. Two main groups are archaebactera and bacteria






9. The animal version of starch. An insoluble polysaccharide containing branched amylose chaings. (chain length is much greater than starch and there are more branches)






10. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






11. Not soluble in water - the more unsaturated the lower the MP - energy rich (more than twice that of carbohydrates) - animals produce saturated while most plants produce unsaturated






12. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






13. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






14. 1 joule = 0.239 calories






15. Energy cannot be created or destroyed






16. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






17. Protein found in RBCs that cause their characteristic biconclave shape; connects proteins in the plasma membrane with actin in the cytoskeleton






18. A short - branched polysaccharide with short - linear amylose branches that are typically 20-30 subunits






19. The unfolding of a protein caused by a shift in pH - ion concentration - or temperature.






20. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






21. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell






22. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






23. A hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxyl group.






24. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






25. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






26. A protein cross - linked carbohydrate that is a key compound in the cell walls of most modern prokaryotes (bacteria)






27. A three carbon alcohol in which each carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group






28. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






29. A form of endocytosis where an animal cell engulfs liquid matter






30. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






31. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






32. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






33. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






34. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






35. A sticky substance that acts as a glue between the primary cell walls of plant cells






36. Two scientists attempted to reproduce the condition of the (assumed) earth's primitive ocean's under a reducing atmosphere. They produced some of the key molecules to life (amino acids and nucleotides).






37. Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Histidine - Lysine - Argenine






38. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






39. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






40. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






41. Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains






42. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






43. They connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet - preventing molecules from leaking between the cells.






44. In eukaryotes - found extracellularly and involved with tissue recognition - eg ABO blood group markers






45. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






46. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






47. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






48. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






49. A lipid that is composed of 4 fused carbon rings - commonly found in cell membranes.






50. Ancient prokaryotes that survive in extreme anaerobic conditions - such as deap sea vents; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls