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MCAT Biology 3

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Insoluble polysaccharides made by plants that are formed stricly from glucose (alpha form).






2. Protein that plays a major role in vesicle formation during receptor mediated endocytosis; forms a coated pit on the plasma membrane






3. In prokaryotes - most of the genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that typically resides near the cetner of the cell. In eukaryotes - DNA is contained in the nucleus - which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.






4. Organelles found in plants and algae that perform photosynthesis and act as storage units; they all arise from the division of themselves






5. Destroys gram - positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan's ability to cross - link the peptides which hold together the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall; water floods bacterial cell and causes it to burst






6. Small single - ringed structures: cytosine found in both DNA and RNA - uracil found in RNA - and thymine found in DNA






7. Long - threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that are used for locomotion






8. The bond between two sugar molecules






9. Components of cytoskeleton






10. Methane - producing archaebacteria - one of the most primitive archaebacteria that are alive today






11. Laid down when a plant cell is still growing; composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants and protists






12. Simple sugars are turned into disaccharides so they can be transported without being metabolized (typically in plants). The enzymes that can break the bond and utilize the sugar are typically present only where the glucose is to be used.






13. Responsible for moving organelles within a cell - also facilitate cell movement






14. The sugar in RNA contains an extra hydroxyl group and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine






15. Alanine - Valine - Leucine - Isoleucine






16. Most abundant protein found in vertebrate body; forms matrix of skin - ligaments - tendons - and bones; found in the ECM






17. Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids. Also called triglyceride or triacylglycerol






18. Catalysis (enzymes) - Defense/recognition (immune and hormonal systems) - Transport (eg hemoglobin) - Support (eg collagen) - Motion (actin and myosin) - Regulation (hormones) - Storage (eg bound calcium and iron)






19. Level of protein structure that is formed by the hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of the main chain






20. Proteins - lipids - carbohydrates - nucleic acids






21. The connection beteween two plasma membranes of plant cells






22. Transmembrane proteins that play an important role in cell - cell adhesion; their function is dependent upon calcium; vertebrate migration of neurons is affected by which type of this protein is expressed on the cell's plasma membrane






23. A cellular structure that aids in the assembly of microtubules; lacking in cells of plants and fungi






24. Large (relative to pyrimidines) double ringed molecules that are found in both DNA and RNA






25. Archaebacteria that live in extermely hot environments - such as hydrothermal vents under the ocean






26. A structural starch that is a string of beta glucose molecules; it is the chief structural component of plant cell walls. Starch - degrading enzymes that occur in most organisms cannot break the bond between two beta - glucose molecules.






27. Biological process in which a some single celled prokaryotes collect intracellular water with a contractile vacuole and then pump it out






28. The bond between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.






29. Proteins with short chains of sugars attached to them; in eukaryotic cells they are important membrane proteins that allow cell - cell recognition and interaction






30. Nonpolar - polar uncharged - charged - aromatic (nonpolar and polar uncharged) - special function






31. A special motor protein that moves along the microtubule toward the negative end; responsible for rentrograde axoplasmic transport






32. Term for the beta - alpha - beta motif that is found at the core of nuceotide binding sites






33. (CH2O)n - n = number of carbon atoms






34. Anchor epithelial cells to a basement membrane






35. Manner in which macromolecules are broken down -- water is separated into H and OH






36. Large - membrane bound sac in plant cells that stores proteins - pigments - and waste material






37. Function section of a protein that is able to fold independently of the other sections - encoded by exons (functional sections of a gene)






38. A special motor protien that moves along the microtubule toward its positive end; in most cells this movement is from the center to the periphery - in the axon it is anterograde transport






39. Level of protein structure that involves the association of two more more separate polypeptide chains (the individual chains are referred to as subunits)






40. Consist of a central carbon bound to an amino group - a carboxylic acid - a hydrogen atom - and an R group






41. 7 pass transmembrane protein in bacteria that carries out photosynthesis






42. A combination of secondary structure bonding that forms characteristic patterns within protein strucure - such as the alpha - helix and the beta - pleated sheet






43. A common feature of porin proteins; beta sheets that forma characteristic motif where the sheets form a barrel - like structure






44. The manner in which all macromolecules are assembled -- water is a product of the reaction






45. A type of anchoring junction that connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells






46. The bond between two amino acids. Non - rotational because it has partial double - bond characteristics






47. Eukaryotic cell's internal protein scaffold which provides structural support and is extremely important for organizing the cell's activites; a dynamic system that is constantly forming and disassembling






48. Phenyalanine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine






49. Mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of a cell to the cytoskeletons of other cells or to the extracellular matrix. Common in tissues experiencing mechanical stress - eg muscle and skin epithelium






50. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things - the basic units of organization of all organmisms 3. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell







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