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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






2. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






3. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






4. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






5. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






6. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






7. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






8. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






9. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






10. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






11. When do Rh antibodies develop?






12. Number of systole contractions per unit time






13. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






14. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






15. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






16. 2 chambers of the heart






17. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






18. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






19. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






20. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






21. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






22. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






23. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






24. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






25. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






26. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






27. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






28. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






29. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






30. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






31. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






32. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






33. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






34. Purpose of erythrocytes?






35. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






36. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






37. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






38. Where are RBCs broken down?






39. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






40. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






41. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






42. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






43. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






44. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






45. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






46. Flow of blood through a tissue






47. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






48. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






49. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






50. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids







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