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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






2. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






3. Number of systole contractions per unit time






4. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






5. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






6. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






7. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






8. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






9. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






10. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






12. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






13. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






14. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






15. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






16. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






17. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






18. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






19. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






20. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






21. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






22. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






23. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






24. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






25. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






26. Fat storage cells of the body






27. Where are RBCs broken down?






28. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






29. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






30. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






31. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






32. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






33. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






34. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






35. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






36. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






37. 2 lymphocytes






38. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






39. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






40. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






41. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






42. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






43. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






44. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






45. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






46. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






47. 2 chambers of the heart






48. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






49. When do semilunar valves close?






50. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels