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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
basophil
Ohm's law
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Bundle of His
2. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
systemic arterial blood pressure
Bundle of His
3. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
local autoregulation
atrioventricular valves
4. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
systemic circulation
T- tubules
Platelet fxn
nutrients
5. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Functional syncytium
Tense
Vagal Signal
Right atrium
6. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
venous return
megakaryocytes
Hepatic portal vein
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
7. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Granulocytes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Portal systems
8. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Intercalated discs
Repolarization of nodes
adipocytes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
9. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
2 components of antigens
Baroreceptors
Inflammation
hypoxia
10. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
T- tubules
nutrients
Fast Na channels
oncotic pressure
11. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
bilirubin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Diastole is longer
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
12. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
WBC
hemostasis
Ca channels
Portal systems
13. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
megakaryocytes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
14. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
ventricles
pulmonary circulation
15. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Right atrium
hemophilia
Erythrocytes
Functional syncytium
16. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Diastole
SA node
neutrophil
Vagal Signal
17. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
heart rate
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Inflammation
Fast Na channels
18. 2 lymphocytes
Thrombus
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
B cells and T cells
19. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Inflammation
Frank - Starling Effect
20. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
venous return
diastolic blood pressure
Valves of the venous system
Ca channels
21. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Granulocytes
systemic circulation
systolic blood pressure
macrophage
22. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
2 components of antigens
Fast Na channels
Thrombus
bilirubin
23. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
bone marrow
valves
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Thrombus
24. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
bicuspid (mitral) valve
urea
Capillaries
25. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Waste
urea
varicose veins
Capillaries
26. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
hypoxia
bilirubin
capillaries
Thrombus
27. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Fxn of circulatory system
AV node
Platelet fxn
Granulocytes
28. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
fibrinogen
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Vagal Signal
29. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
coronary sinus
Coronary veins
30. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
31. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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32. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
bicuspid (mitral) valve
macrophage
cardiac output (L/min)
33. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
Slow Ca channels
Glucose
fibrinogen
34. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
adipocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Diastole
fibrin
35. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
neutrophil
36. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
WBC
Peripheral resistance
adipocytes
37. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Inflammation
Portal systems
venous return
Hemoglobin
38. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
ventricles
Cardiac muscle cells
Waste
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
39. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
venous return
diastolic blood pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
40. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Frank - Starling Effect
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Internodal tract
macrophage
41. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Thrombus
bone marrow
heart rate
42. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
Vagal Signal
capillaries
stroke volume
43. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
coronary sinus
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
atrioventricular valves
high osmolarity of tissues
44. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Baroreceptors
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
venous return
adrenergic tone
45. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Valves of the venous system
hemophilia
resistance
46. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
47. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Ca channels
neutrophil
Fxn of circulatory system
chylomicrons
48. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
neutrophil
fibrinogen
Fast Na channels
49. Flow of blood through a tissue
Diastole is longer
Temperature or metabolic rate
Perfusion
Na leak channels
50. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
varicose veins
Coronary veins
basophil
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart