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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
resistance
ventricles
2. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Sickle cell anemia
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
3. 2 chambers of the heart
Bundle of His
Systole
atria and ventricles
capillaries
4. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
venous return
5. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Relaxed
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Tense
6. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
macrophage
Temperature or metabolic rate
venous return
Ca channels
7. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Waste
valves
resistance
8. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Inflammation
Hemoglobin
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Ischemia
9. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Portal systems
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
10. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
bilirubin
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Ohm's law
varicose veins
11. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
high osmolarity of tissues
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
12. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Glucose
systolic blood pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
urea
13. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
bone marrow
WBC
hemostasis
SA node
14. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Coronary veins
resistance
Portal systems
heart rate
15. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Peripheral resistance
oncotic pressure
SA node
ABO blood group
16. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
chylomicrons
pulse pressure
valves
WBC
17. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
systemic circulation
2 components of antigens
Fxn of circulatory system
hemophilia
18. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
Ischemia
Diastole is longer
pulmonary circulation
19. Flow of blood through a tissue
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Perfusion
fats
20. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
systolic blood pressure
Relaxed
Capillaries
Slow Ca channels
21. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
B cells and T cells
ABO blood group
22. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
adipocytes
Relaxed
systemic circulation
Valves of the venous system
23. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
venous return
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Baroreceptors
macrophage
24. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Systole
coronary sinus
high osmolarity of tissues
varicose veins
25. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
arteries
pulmonary circulation
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
bilirubin
26. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
venous blood pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
bilirubin
Hemoglobin
27. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Peripheral resistance
arteries
Capillaries
SA node
28. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Capillaries
atrioventricular valves
B cells and T cells
systemic arterial blood pressure
29. Universal acceptor
cardiac output (L/min)
Hepatic portal vein
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Tense
30. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
amino acids and glucose
bone marrow
AV node
31. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
high osmolarity of tissues
Fast Na channels
nutrients
Right atrium
32. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
venous blood pressure
Capillaries
atria and ventricles
Rh blood group
33. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Ca channels
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
systolic blood pressure
heart rate
34. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
atrioventricular valves
Cardiac muscle cells
Sickle cell anemia
Slow Ca channels
35. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
diastolic blood pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
bone marrow
36. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
veins
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
37. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
fibrin
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Right atrium
38. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Sympathetic regulation of heart
oncotic pressure
atria
bicuspid (mitral) valve
39. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
serum
AV node
Sickle cell anemia
Perfusion
40. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Sickle cell anemia
Glucose
Inflammation
Diastole is longer
41. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Portal systems
Blood plasma
macrophage
42. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Tense
Lipoproteins
Ca channels
43. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
varicose veins
Vagal Signal
Sympathetic regulation of heart
nutrients
44. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Cardiac muscle cells
albumin
Platelet fxn
hypoxia
45. 2 ways to increase venous return
bone marrow
local autoregulation
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Relaxed
46. Universal donor
albumin
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
atrioventricular valves
47. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
stroke volume
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Capillaries
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
48. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
high osmolarity of tissues
systolic blood pressure
heart
49. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
atria
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
macrophage
Right atrium
50. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
chylomicrons
fibrinogen
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
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