SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
diastolic blood pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
macrophage
heart
2. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Fast Na channels
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
3. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Relaxed
Glucose
diastolic blood pressure
4. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
megakaryocytes
fats
bilirubin
Hepatic portal vein
5. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
fats
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Hemoglobin
Intercalated discs
6. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Capillaries
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
systemic circulation
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
7. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Valves of the venous system
stroke volume
atria and ventricles
8. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
hemophilia
high osmolarity of tissues
albumin
Blood plasma
9. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
Diastole
atria and ventricles
Valves of the venous system
10. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Granulocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
venous return
varicose veins
11. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Perfusion
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
nutrients
12. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
Repolarization of nodes
heart rate
Vagal Signal
13. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
hypoxia
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Fxn of circulatory system
Diastole
14. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
urea
Waste
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
amino acids and glucose
15. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Tense
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
resistance
Ca channels
16. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
B cells and T cells
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
17. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
systemic arterial blood pressure
chylomicrons
Cardiac muscle cells
18. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Fast Na channels
Waste
capillaries
B cells and T cells
19. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
Erythropoetin
systolic blood pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
20. 2 chambers of the heart
Hepatic portal vein
Sickle cell anemia
atria and ventricles
Ca channels
21. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
amino acids and glucose
atrioventricular valves
WBC
Bundle of His
22. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
varicose veins
WBC
veins
fibrinogen
23. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
albumin
Frank - Starling Effect
Sickle cell anemia
Peripheral resistance
24. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
varicose veins
Ca channels
Cardiac muscle cells
25. Universal donor
systemic circulation
Lipoproteins
Perfusion
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
26. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
WBC
systolic blood pressure
arteries
27. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
T- tubules
neutrophil
resistance
Systole
28. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
systolic blood pressure
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulse pressure
29. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
serum
albumin
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
30. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
atria and ventricles
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
basophil
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
31. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
tricuspid valve
Erythrocytes
resistance
32. Flow of blood through a tissue
Tense
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Perfusion
varicose veins
33. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
oncotic pressure
Hepatic portal vein
AV node
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
34. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
T- tubules
tricuspid valve
35. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
local autoregulation
Ischemia
coronary sinus
36. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Ca channels
Diastole
hypoxia
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
37. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
basophil
Functional syncytium
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
local autoregulation
38. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
WBC
coronary sinus
39. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Sympathetic regulation of heart
venous return
Vagal Signal
Spleen and liver
40. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Fast Na channels
adrenergic tone
Coronary veins
valves
41. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
atria and ventricles
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Coronary arteries
bilirubin
42. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Spleen and liver
Coronary arteries
Lipoproteins
Frank - Starling Effect
43. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
AV node
Hemoglobin
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Functional syncytium
44. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Capillaries
Ca channels
Sympathetic regulation of heart
capillaries
45. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
bone marrow
coronary sinus
chylomicrons
AV node
46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Granulocytes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Inflammation
47. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Ischemia
tricuspid valve
hypoxia
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
48. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Internodal tract
systolic blood pressure
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Perfusion
49. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
Na leak channels
Right atrium
Lipoproteins
50. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
bicuspid (mitral) valve
heart
hemostasis