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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
fibrin
Hemoglobin
diastolic blood pressure
venous return
2. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
AV node
adrenergic tone
3. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Right atrium
Capillaries
chylomicrons
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
4. What is the direct cause of edema?
T- tubules
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
fibrin
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
5. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
albumin
bilirubin
6. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Valves of the venous system
nutrients
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
systemic arterial blood pressure
7. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
SA node
amino acids and glucose
Frank - Starling Effect
8. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
bone marrow
AV node
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Peripheral resistance
9. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
systolic blood pressure
Rh blood group
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Spleen and liver
10. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
ABO blood group
Coronary arteries
Ca channels
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
11. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
Ca channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Hepatic portal vein
12. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
systemic circulation
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Platelet fxn
pulmonary circulation
13. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Sympathetic regulation of heart
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
pulmonary circulation
adipocytes
14. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Waste
heart
diastolic blood pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
15. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Intercalated discs
Ca channels
veins
16. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
systolic blood pressure
AV node
Na leak channels
Cardiac muscle cells
17. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
2 components of antigens
megakaryocytes
Intercalated discs
urea
18. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Diastole is longer
Fast Na channels
chylomicrons
19. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Inflammation
Coronary veins
Blood plasma
hemostasis
20. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
atrioventricular valves
diastolic blood pressure
Rh blood group
21. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Intercalated discs
neutrophil
22. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
pulse pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
ventricles
23. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
arteries
serum
Platelet fxn
24. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
capillaries
Sickle cell anemia
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
oncotic pressure
25. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
local autoregulation
capillaries
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
26. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Cardiac muscle cells
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Granulocytes
fats
27. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Waste
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
veins
28. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
fibrinogen
Slow Ca channels
Ohm's law
29. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
atria
high osmolarity of tissues
Hemoglobin
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
30. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
Fast Na channels
Waste
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
31. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Thrombus
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Fast Na channels
ABO blood group
32. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Rh blood group
Slow Ca channels
megakaryocytes
pulse pressure
33. Number of systole contractions per unit time
SA node
diastolic blood pressure
2 components of antigens
heart rate
34. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Systole
eosinophil
Coronary arteries
neutrophil
35. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
fibrinogen
Na leak channels
eosinophil
serum
36. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Granulocytes
capillaries
37. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
adipocytes
Erythropoetin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
38. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
varicose veins
adipocytes
systemic arterial blood pressure
39. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Perfusion
bilirubin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
bone marrow
40. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Sickle cell anemia
Inflammation
atria and ventricles
AV node
41. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
hypoxia
Ca channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
42. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
ABO blood group
Granulocytes
venous return
Portal systems
43. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
local autoregulation
high osmolarity of tissues
Right atrium
Tense
44. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
hypoxia
Frank - Starling Effect
serum
Vagal Signal
45. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Waste
Hepatic portal vein
WBC
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
46. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
valves
Peripheral resistance
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
venous blood pressure
47. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Erythropoetin
cardiac output (L/min)
2 components of antigens
48. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Baroreceptors
WBC
Granulocytes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
49. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
bone marrow
T- tubules
pulmonary circulation
50. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Systole
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
cardiac output (L/min)
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