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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






2. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






3. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






4. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






5. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






6. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






7. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






8. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






9. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






10. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






11. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






12. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






13. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






14. 2 chambers of the heart






15. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






16. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






18. Universal acceptor






19. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






20. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






21. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






22. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






23. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






24. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






25. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






26. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






27. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






28. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






29. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






30. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






31. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






32. Universal donor






33. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






34. Number of systole contractions per unit time






35. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






36. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






37. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






38. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






39. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






40. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






41. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






42. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






43. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






44. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






45. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






46. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






47. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






48. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






49. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






50. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions