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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
hemostasis
SA node
high osmolarity of tissues
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
2. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Temperature or metabolic rate
capillaries
oncotic pressure
venous return
3. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Diastole
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
tricuspid valve
stroke volume
4. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Frank - Starling Effect
atrioventricular valves
Glucose
5. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
varicose veins
Repolarization of nodes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
6. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Hepatic portal vein
Ohm's law
Repolarization of nodes
Systole
7. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
fibrin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
oncotic pressure
8. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
systolic blood pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Fast Na channels
amino acids and glucose
9. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Coronary veins
Slow Ca channels
fibrin
basophil
10. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
arteries
diastolic blood pressure
fats
Right atrium
11. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
capillaries
T- tubules
Blood plasma
Thrombus
12. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Inflammation
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
13. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Cardiac muscle cells
neutrophil
Capillaries
Sickle cell anemia
14. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
Blood plasma
coronary sinus
Fxn of circulatory system
15. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
capillaries
Right atrium
oncotic pressure
Spleen and liver
16. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Peripheral resistance
Ca channels
Granulocytes
17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
chylomicrons
18. Universal acceptor
Valves of the venous system
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
varicose veins
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
19. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Thrombus
Intercalated discs
Capillaries
Fxn of circulatory system
20. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Baroreceptors
megakaryocytes
Tense
bone marrow
21. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Bundle of His
valves
Baroreceptors
Fast Na channels
22. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Vagal Signal
megakaryocytes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Bundle of His
23. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Sickle cell anemia
Coronary arteries
Hepatic portal vein
24. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Ischemia
Intercalated discs
pulse pressure
capillaries
25. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Perfusion
Sickle cell anemia
atria
high osmolarity of tissues
26. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
local autoregulation
cardiac output (L/min)
Bundle of His
high osmolarity of tissues
27. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
heart rate
nutrients
atrioventricular valves
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
28. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
Systole
Erythrocytes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
29. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Tense
Right atrium
Platelet fxn
AV node
30. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Diastole
local autoregulation
Right atrium
Lipoproteins
31. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
pulse pressure
Baroreceptors
Diastole is longer
Sympathetic regulation of heart
32. Universal donor
Hemoglobin
arteries
Hepatic portal vein
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
33. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
nutrients
fibrinogen
hemophilia
Peripheral resistance
34. Number of systole contractions per unit time
macrophage
Fast Na channels
heart rate
cardiac output (L/min)
35. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Glucose
heart rate
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
36. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
eosinophil
atria
adrenergic tone
37. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
Sickle cell anemia
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
AV node
38. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
Intercalated discs
venous blood pressure
neutrophil
39. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
veins
SA node
serum
AV node
40. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Right atrium
Coronary veins
Diastole is longer
local autoregulation
41. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
bicuspid (mitral) valve
pulse pressure
diastolic blood pressure
Na leak channels
42. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
amino acids and glucose
hemophilia
fibrin
43. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
Baroreceptors
systolic blood pressure
fibrin
44. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Thrombus
stroke volume
fibrinogen
45. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
ABO blood group
Granulocytes
Inflammation
Right atrium
46. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
chylomicrons
stroke volume
fibrin
fats
47. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
urea
megakaryocytes
arteries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
48. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
albumin
SA node
eosinophil
49. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Sympathetic regulation of heart
ABO blood group
adipocytes
Ca channels
50. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Ca channels
Functional syncytium
albumin
Relaxed