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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Waste
Erythrocytes
hemostasis
fibrinogen
2. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Coronary veins
nutrients
varicose veins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
3. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Sickle cell anemia
serum
Hepatic portal vein
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
4. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
Ohm's law
Lipoproteins
hypoxia
5. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Cardiac muscle cells
Fast Na channels
Sympathetic regulation of heart
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
6. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Diastole
Ca channels
T- tubules
7. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Erythropoetin
Coronary arteries
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
8. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
Lipoproteins
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
capillaries
9. Flow of blood through a tissue
Diastole is longer
Perfusion
Valves of the venous system
high osmolarity of tissues
10. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
Glucose
Coronary arteries
Vagal Signal
11. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Bundle of His
high osmolarity of tissues
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
12. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
local autoregulation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
megakaryocytes
fibrin
13. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
serum
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Ischemia
14. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Blood plasma
Na leak channels
pulse pressure
oncotic pressure
15. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
veins
hypoxia
Frank - Starling Effect
Lipoproteins
16. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
local autoregulation
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
WBC
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
17. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Erythropoetin
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
coronary sinus
18. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
ABO blood group
nutrients
arteries
high osmolarity of tissues
19. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
resistance
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
eosinophil
20. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Ischemia
Internodal tract
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Repolarization of nodes
21. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
fibrin
Baroreceptors
Diastole
22. Where are RBCs broken down?
cardiac output (L/min)
Fast Na channels
valves
Spleen and liver
23. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
ABO blood group
Ischemia
coronary sinus
24. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Perfusion
high osmolarity of tissues
pulmonary circulation
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
25. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
heart
SA node
Platelet fxn
Lipoproteins
26. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
Blood plasma
bicuspid (mitral) valve
adipocytes
27. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
resistance
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Slow Ca channels
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
28. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
veins
Perfusion
bone marrow
Valves of the venous system
29. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
local autoregulation
cardiac output (L/min)
Tense
ABO blood group
30. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
venous blood pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
31. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Bundle of His
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Waste
local autoregulation
32. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
amino acids and glucose
B cells and T cells
ventricles
33. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Granulocytes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
pulse pressure
Ca channels
34. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
local autoregulation
pulmonary circulation
Internodal tract
35. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Ca channels
megakaryocytes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Hemoglobin
36. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Na leak channels
Functional syncytium
diastolic blood pressure
Perfusion
37. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Repolarization of nodes
Slow Ca channels
SA node
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
38. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
bilirubin
Frank - Starling Effect
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
fibrinogen
39. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Coronary arteries
Intercalated discs
40. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Ischemia
bone marrow
cardiac output (L/min)
Thrombus
41. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Systole
systemic arterial blood pressure
Diastole
Functional syncytium
42. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
ventricles
Intercalated discs
venous blood pressure
fibrin
43. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Coronary arteries
ventricles
Functional syncytium
Cardiac muscle cells
44. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Platelet fxn
Systole
pulmonary circulation
pulse pressure
45. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
WBC
fibrin
AV node
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
46. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
SA node
bone marrow
hemostasis
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
47. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
chylomicrons
Ischemia
bilirubin
48. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
WBC
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
venous return
systemic arterial blood pressure
49. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
resistance
hemophilia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
fats
50. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
Erythropoetin
hemophilia
atria and ventricles