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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
macrophage
systemic circulation
Erythrocytes
2. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
fibrin
Ischemia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
heart
3. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Thrombus
stroke volume
T- tubules
4. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Erythrocytes
hypoxia
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
megakaryocytes
5. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
Sympathetic regulation of heart
eosinophil
hemophilia
6. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
basophil
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
oncotic pressure
Thrombus
7. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Temperature or metabolic rate
systemic circulation
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
8. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
venous return
ABO blood group
T- tubules
Granulocytes
9. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
serum
2 components of antigens
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
hypoxia
10. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Bundle of His
varicose veins
chylomicrons
Erythrocytes
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Frank - Starling Effect
fats
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
12. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
heart
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
high osmolarity of tissues
2 components of antigens
13. 2 ways to increase venous return
Hemoglobin
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Repolarization of nodes
nutrients
14. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Repolarization of nodes
Ischemia
atrioventricular valves
15. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Diastole is longer
16. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
ventricles
pulmonary circulation
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
chylomicrons
17. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Lipoproteins
Relaxed
Diastole
18. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
Tense
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulse pressure
19. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
megakaryocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
stroke volume
20. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Portal systems
atrioventricular valves
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Granulocytes
21. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
heart
amino acids and glucose
WBC
22. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
serum
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
arteries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
23. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
WBC
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Thrombus
24. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Spleen and liver
Sickle cell anemia
Valves of the venous system
Ischemia
25. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Hepatic portal vein
bicuspid (mitral) valve
pulse pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
26. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
chylomicrons
B cells and T cells
Systole
27. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Fxn of circulatory system
venous blood pressure
Erythropoetin
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
28. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
diastolic blood pressure
Vagal Signal
Glucose
venous blood pressure
29. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Systole
Bundle of His
systemic arterial blood pressure
capillaries
30. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Diastole is longer
Lipoproteins
fibrinogen
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
31. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Baroreceptors
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
capillaries
coronary sinus
32. 2 portal systems to know
cardiac output (L/min)
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
2 components of antigens
Fxn of circulatory system
33. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
venous blood pressure
Fast Na channels
bone marrow
Ischemia
34. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
2 components of antigens
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Baroreceptors
systemic circulation
35. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Sickle cell anemia
megakaryocytes
pulse pressure
adrenergic tone
36. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
bilirubin
Lipoproteins
megakaryocytes
coronary sinus
37. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Erythrocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
bicuspid (mitral) valve
38. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Repolarization of nodes
Erythrocytes
39. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
Bundle of His
pulse pressure
albumin
40. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
WBC
Peripheral resistance
Coronary arteries
Functional syncytium
41. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
valves
Thrombus
Diastole is longer
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
42. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Thrombus
AV node
Intercalated discs
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
43. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Ohm's law
oncotic pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
AV node
44. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
atria and ventricles
AV node
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
arteries
45. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
eosinophil
systemic arterial blood pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
46. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Intercalated discs
pulse pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
atria
47. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
chylomicrons
hypoxia
Coronary arteries
48. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
eosinophil
Slow Ca channels
Baroreceptors
veins
49. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Fast Na channels
Valves of the venous system
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
arteries
50. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
stroke volume
pulmonary circulation
Hepatic portal vein