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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






2. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






3. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






4. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






5. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






6. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






7. Where are RBCs broken down?






8. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






9. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






10. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






11. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






12. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






13. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






14. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






15. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






16. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






17. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






18. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






19. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






20. 2 lymphocytes






21. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






22. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






23. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






24. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






25. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






26. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






27. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






28. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






29. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






30. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






31. Number of systole contractions per unit time






32. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






33. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






34. 2 ways to increase venous return






35. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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36. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






37. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






38. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






39. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






40. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






41. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






43. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






44. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






45. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






46. Flow of blood through a tissue






47. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






48. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






49. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






50. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)