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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






2. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






3. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






4. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






5. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






6. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






7. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






8. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






9. Universal donor






10. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






11. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






12. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






13. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






14. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






15. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






16. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






17. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






18. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






19. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






20. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






21. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






22. Universal acceptor






23. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






24. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






25. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






26. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






27. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






28. Number of systole contractions per unit time






29. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






30. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






31. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






32. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






33. What is the direct cause of edema?






34. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






35. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






36. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






37. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






38. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






39. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






40. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






41. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






43. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






44. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






45. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






47. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






48. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






49. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






50. Where are RBCs broken down?







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