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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






2. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






3. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






4. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






5. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






6. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






7. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






8. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






9. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






10. Fat storage cells of the body






11. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






12. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






13. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






14. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






15. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






16. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






17. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






18. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






19. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






20. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






21. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






22. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






23. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






24. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






25. 2 portal systems to know






26. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






27. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






28. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






29. When do semilunar valves close?






30. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






31. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






32. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






33. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






34. Number of systole contractions per unit time






35. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






36. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






37. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






38. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






39. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






40. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






41. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






42. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






43. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






44. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






45. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






46. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






47. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






48. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






49. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






50. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition