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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Temperature or metabolic rate
Fast Na channels
fibrin
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
2. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
venous return
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Ohm's law
fibrinogen
3. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Ca channels
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Erythropoetin
4. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Granulocytes
Glucose
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Vagal Signal
5. Universal donor
AV node
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
B cells and T cells
urea
6. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
T- tubules
albumin
SA node
eosinophil
7. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Na leak channels
venous return
Relaxed
Ischemia
8. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Granulocytes
adrenergic tone
9. 2 portal systems to know
Cardiac muscle cells
adipocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
oncotic pressure
10. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Hemoglobin
venous blood pressure
11. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
atria and ventricles
Systole
Granulocytes
neutrophil
12. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
systolic blood pressure
Sickle cell anemia
Ca channels
amino acids and glucose
13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Valves of the venous system
14. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Erythrocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
fibrin
Hepatic portal vein
15. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
urea
macrophage
Glucose
coronary sinus
16. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
local autoregulation
Baroreceptors
eosinophil
cardiac output (L/min)
17. 2 lymphocytes
Ohm's law
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Diastole is longer
B cells and T cells
18. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Intercalated discs
ventricles
oncotic pressure
bone marrow
19. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
bilirubin
adipocytes
serum
20. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
high osmolarity of tissues
Hepatic portal vein
T- tubules
21. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
heart rate
T- tubules
Valves of the venous system
22. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
fats
B cells and T cells
23. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
bone marrow
Relaxed
hemophilia
24. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
valves
Frank - Starling Effect
25. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
resistance
high osmolarity of tissues
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
amino acids and glucose
26. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fibrinogen
capillaries
SA node
27. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Erythropoetin
Granulocytes
nutrients
Waste
28. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
hypoxia
Granulocytes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
29. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Rh blood group
venous return
eosinophil
30. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Na leak channels
Relaxed
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
bilirubin
31. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Repolarization of nodes
ABO blood group
Erythropoetin
Functional syncytium
32. Flow of blood through a tissue
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
amino acids and glucose
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Perfusion
33. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Portal systems
urea
AV node
chylomicrons
34. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
macrophage
hypoxia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
35. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Granulocytes
Valves of the venous system
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
megakaryocytes
36. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Ischemia
Tense
systemic circulation
37. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Hemoglobin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Glucose
38. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
tricuspid valve
fats
hemophilia
Internodal tract
39. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
albumin
40. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
eosinophil
Tense
resistance
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
41. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
B cells and T cells
Vagal Signal
chylomicrons
Na leak channels
42. 2 chambers of the heart
Waste
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
hemophilia
atria and ventricles
43. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
basophil
venous blood pressure
T- tubules
bone marrow
44. When do Rh antibodies develop?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
pulmonary circulation
Spleen and liver
45. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
hemostasis
Waste
atrioventricular valves
arteries
46. Number of systole contractions per unit time
fibrinogen
Hepatic portal vein
Ohm's law
heart rate
47. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Hemoglobin
hemostasis
Right atrium
systemic circulation
48. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
Slow Ca channels
basophil
Functional syncytium
49. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
urea
ABO blood group
Hepatic portal vein
50. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
fats
ventricles
B cells and T cells