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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
adrenergic tone
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Fxn of circulatory system
2. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Ohm's law
venous return
Functional syncytium
fats
3. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
bicuspid (mitral) valve
coronary sinus
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
4. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulse pressure
heart
pulmonary circulation
adrenergic tone
5. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
B cells and T cells
Frank - Starling Effect
Tense
6. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
atrioventricular valves
Slow Ca channels
diastolic blood pressure
systemic circulation
7. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Erythropoetin
Repolarization of nodes
Coronary arteries
Baroreceptors
8. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Erythropoetin
fibrin
adrenergic tone
B cells and T cells
9. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
veins
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
10. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
heart
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
varicose veins
11. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
ABO blood group
ventricles
eosinophil
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
12. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Frank - Starling Effect
Waste
Internodal tract
Repolarization of nodes
13. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Waste
albumin
urea
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
14. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Diastole is longer
diastolic blood pressure
Slow Ca channels
15. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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16. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
bicuspid (mitral) valve
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
17. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
venous blood pressure
macrophage
SA node
fats
18. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Erythropoetin
venous blood pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
fibrin
19. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
venous blood pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Spleen and liver
20. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Hemoglobin
Internodal tract
Hepatic portal vein
21. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Ohm's law
Sympathetic regulation of heart
oncotic pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
22. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Intercalated discs
Systole
Coronary veins
23. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
pulmonary circulation
stroke volume
capillaries
Coronary arteries
24. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
serum
Internodal tract
megakaryocytes
25. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
hemophilia
Erythrocytes
Spleen and liver
T- tubules
26. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
resistance
Cardiac muscle cells
27. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Capillaries
fibrinogen
Relaxed
Spleen and liver
28. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Spleen and liver
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Inflammation
bicuspid (mitral) valve
29. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
chylomicrons
eosinophil
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Coronary arteries
30. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
bone marrow
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
high osmolarity of tissues
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
31. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
valves
Peripheral resistance
Fxn of circulatory system
Inflammation
32. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Ca channels
chylomicrons
Erythrocytes
urea
33. 2 chambers of the heart
pulmonary circulation
Spleen and liver
heart
atria and ventricles
34. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Glucose
Spleen and liver
amino acids and glucose
atria
35. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Slow Ca channels
Peripheral resistance
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
36. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
capillaries
Slow Ca channels
Blood plasma
37. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
AV node
Temperature or metabolic rate
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Frank - Starling Effect
38. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
fibrin
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
bicuspid (mitral) valve
stroke volume
39. 2 ways to increase venous return
urea
pulmonary circulation
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
bone marrow
40. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
serum
macrophage
urea
Cardiac muscle cells
41. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Ca channels
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
bicuspid (mitral) valve
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
42. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
venous blood pressure
Rh blood group
Platelet fxn
AV node
43. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
SA node
Hepatic portal vein
macrophage
44. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Baroreceptors
WBC
Bundle of His
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
45. Universal acceptor
urea
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Granulocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
46. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Perfusion
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
WBC
47. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
fats
cardiac output (L/min)
AV node
Sickle cell anemia
48. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Platelet fxn
hypoxia
arteries
fibrin
49. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
Rh blood group
hypoxia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
50. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
serum
hemophilia
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Thrombus