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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






2. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






3. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






4. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






5. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






6. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






7. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






8. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






9. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






10. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






11. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






12. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






13. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






14. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






15. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






16. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






17. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






18. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






19. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






20. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






21. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






22. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






23. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






24. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






25. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






26. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






27. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






28. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






29. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






30. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






31. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






32. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






33. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






34. 2 ways to increase venous return






35. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






36. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






37. 2 lymphocytes






38. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






39. When do semilunar valves close?






40. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






41. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






42. Universal donor






43. Universal acceptor






44. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






45. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






46. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






47. What is the direct cause of edema?






48. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






49. When do Rh antibodies develop?






50. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.