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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






2. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






3. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






4. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






5. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






6. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






7. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






8. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






9. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






10. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






11. Purpose of erythrocytes?






12. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






13. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






14. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






15. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






16. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






17. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






18. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






19. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






20. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






21. Number of systole contractions per unit time






22. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






23. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






24. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






25. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






26. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






27. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






28. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






29. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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30. Universal donor






31. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






32. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






33. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






34. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






35. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






36. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






37. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






38. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






39. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






40. When do semilunar valves close?






41. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






42. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






43. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






44. Where are RBCs broken down?






45. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






46. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






47. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






48. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






49. 2 ways to increase venous return






50. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply