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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Waste
Rh blood group
Slow Ca channels
basophil
2. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Vagal Signal
fats
Ischemia
3. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
adrenergic tone
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Tense
4. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
bone marrow
high osmolarity of tissues
capillaries
veins
5. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
venous blood pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
basophil
6. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
neutrophil
Vagal Signal
atria and ventricles
high osmolarity of tissues
7. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
amino acids and glucose
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Sickle cell anemia
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
8. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
Cardiac muscle cells
venous blood pressure
Thrombus
9. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
stroke volume
ventricles
Diastole
10. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
systemic circulation
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
11. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Peripheral resistance
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
heart rate
Ca channels
12. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Ohm's law
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
systemic arterial blood pressure
13. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
T- tubules
Ohm's law
Temperature or metabolic rate
fibrinogen
14. 2 chambers of the heart
serum
Hepatic portal vein
Functional syncytium
atria and ventricles
15. 2 lymphocytes
veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
ABO blood group
B cells and T cells
16. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Tense
pulse pressure
Valves of the venous system
Coronary veins
17. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
Blood plasma
megakaryocytes
Granulocytes
18. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
local autoregulation
oncotic pressure
Coronary veins
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
19. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
atria
Coronary arteries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Temperature or metabolic rate
20. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
albumin
heart
Glucose
21. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
adipocytes
albumin
venous return
fibrinogen
22. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
albumin
bone marrow
serum
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
23. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
venous return
coronary sinus
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
24. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
Granulocytes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
heart
25. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
Slow Ca channels
resistance
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
26. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
capillaries
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Tense
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
27. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
AV node
varicose veins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Functional syncytium
28. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Spleen and liver
systemic arterial blood pressure
Fast Na channels
29. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Intercalated discs
diastolic blood pressure
pulmonary circulation
varicose veins
30. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
basophil
WBC
chylomicrons
31. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
megakaryocytes
Platelet fxn
32. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atrioventricular valves
Ca channels
tricuspid valve
Tense
33. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
high osmolarity of tissues
Relaxed
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
34. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
venous return
Coronary veins
35. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Platelet fxn
Ischemia
local autoregulation
36. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
T- tubules
hemostasis
capillaries
37. Flow of blood through a tissue
heart rate
Perfusion
Peripheral resistance
SA node
38. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
Diastole is longer
Sickle cell anemia
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
39. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Internodal tract
Coronary veins
Slow Ca channels
40. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Coronary arteries
41. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Na leak channels
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
hemophilia
42. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
tricuspid valve
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Peripheral resistance
fats
43. When do Rh antibodies develop?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
coronary sinus
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
cardiac output (L/min)
44. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
SA node
Hepatic portal vein
Sympathetic regulation of heart
45. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
Erythrocytes
Erythropoetin
capillaries
46. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Erythrocytes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
megakaryocytes
Frank - Starling Effect
47. Universal donor
WBC
Fast Na channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
cardiac output (L/min)
48. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
macrophage
local autoregulation
hemophilia
pulse pressure
49. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Platelet fxn
Internodal tract
Coronary veins
50. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Inflammation
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Valves of the venous system
Cardiac muscle cells