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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






2. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






3. Flow of blood through a tissue






4. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






5. Universal acceptor






6. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






7. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






8. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






9. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






10. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






11. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






12. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






13. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






14. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






15. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






16. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






17. Purpose of erythrocytes?






18. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






19. 2 ways to increase venous return






20. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






21. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






22. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






23. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






24. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






25. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






26. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






27. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






28. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






29. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






30. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






31. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






32. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






33. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






34. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






35. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






36. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






37. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






38. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






39. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






41. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






42. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






43. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






44. 2 portal systems to know






45. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






46. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






47. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






48. Number of systole contractions per unit time






49. Universal donor






50. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart