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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Perfusion
adipocytes
fats
Tense
2. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Temperature or metabolic rate
Coronary arteries
macrophage
Capillaries
3. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
chylomicrons
Systole
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
4. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Platelet fxn
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
5. Fat storage cells of the body
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Intercalated discs
Frank - Starling Effect
adipocytes
6. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
oncotic pressure
Repolarization of nodes
7. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
tricuspid valve
veins
heart rate
Hemoglobin
8. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
cardiac output (L/min)
Granulocytes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Perfusion
9. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
varicose veins
Sickle cell anemia
bicuspid (mitral) valve
10. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Portal systems
hemophilia
atria
11. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
venous return
ventricles
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
12. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
2 components of antigens
veins
Internodal tract
nutrients
13. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Diastole
pulmonary circulation
Valves of the venous system
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
14. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
neutrophil
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
basophil
amino acids and glucose
15. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
fats
Baroreceptors
adrenergic tone
AV node
16. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Hepatic portal vein
Baroreceptors
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
17. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Rh blood group
Waste
oncotic pressure
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
18. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
systemic circulation
Platelet fxn
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
SA node
19. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Temperature or metabolic rate
fibrin
eosinophil
Right atrium
20. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
urea
Portal systems
fibrin
21. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
neutrophil
macrophage
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Ca channels
22. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
WBC
pulmonary circulation
bicuspid (mitral) valve
23. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
Internodal tract
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
eosinophil
24. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Cardiac muscle cells
neutrophil
Blood plasma
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
25. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Inflammation
Capillaries
megakaryocytes
Na leak channels
26. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
neutrophil
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
27. Where are RBCs broken down?
eosinophil
Spleen and liver
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
pulse pressure
28. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Temperature or metabolic rate
albumin
Granulocytes
capillaries
29. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
WBC
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
albumin
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
30. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
tricuspid valve
nutrients
Tense
31. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
atria and ventricles
2 components of antigens
Functional syncytium
bilirubin
32. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Systole
macrophage
chylomicrons
33. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
2 components of antigens
resistance
venous return
Fxn of circulatory system
34. Flow of blood through a tissue
Ischemia
Diastole
Perfusion
ABO blood group
35. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Hemoglobin
macrophage
venous return
Lipoproteins
36. 2 chambers of the heart
Cardiac muscle cells
Fast Na channels
fibrin
atria and ventricles
37. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Repolarization of nodes
2 components of antigens
coronary sinus
megakaryocytes
38. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
Lipoproteins
heart rate
heart
39. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Ischemia
heart rate
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Capillaries
40. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
venous blood pressure
fats
Frank - Starling Effect
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
41. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Glucose
atrioventricular valves
42. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
T- tubules
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Systole
43. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Blood plasma
megakaryocytes
Inflammation
44. Universal donor
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Diastole
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
arteries
45. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
systolic blood pressure
systemic circulation
46. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Coronary veins
venous return
Repolarization of nodes
47. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
amino acids and glucose
AV node
stroke volume
Relaxed
48. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
urea
Capillaries
Peripheral resistance
49. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
amino acids and glucose
capillaries
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
systemic circulation
50. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Diastole
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
chylomicrons
Rh blood group