SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Inflammation
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
fats
varicose veins
2. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Sickle cell anemia
Spleen and liver
Glucose
Relaxed
3. Flow of blood through a tissue
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Perfusion
high osmolarity of tissues
systemic circulation
4. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Frank - Starling Effect
basophil
5. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Tense
Erythropoetin
6. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
ABO blood group
Diastole
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
7. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
varicose veins
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
2 components of antigens
8. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
atria
Erythropoetin
chylomicrons
9. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
AV node
Diastole is longer
10. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
basophil
Granulocytes
Hemoglobin
11. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Erythrocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
systemic arterial blood pressure
hypoxia
12. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Relaxed
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
diastolic blood pressure
13. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
arteries
Thrombus
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inflammation
14. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Valves of the venous system
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Portal systems
15. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
16. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Sickle cell anemia
Erythropoetin
Rh blood group
bilirubin
17. Purpose of erythrocytes?
basophil
serum
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Ca channels
18. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
atrioventricular valves
adrenergic tone
WBC
19. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Lipoproteins
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Valves of the venous system
20. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Ischemia
Inflammation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
21. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Valves of the venous system
Hepatic portal vein
Fast Na channels
Ischemia
22. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
2 components of antigens
Fast Na channels
Internodal tract
Systole
23. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Rh blood group
Frank - Starling Effect
Fxn of circulatory system
atrioventricular valves
24. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
urea
Erythropoetin
capillaries
atria
25. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
stroke volume
Systole
Diastole is longer
Functional syncytium
26. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
neutrophil
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
urea
27. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Coronary arteries
Capillaries
Slow Ca channels
valves
28. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Perfusion
stroke volume
veins
29. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
30. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
systemic circulation
nutrients
Repolarization of nodes
AV node
31. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Lipoproteins
heart
Valves of the venous system
32. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Erythropoetin
Platelet fxn
neutrophil
33. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
systemic arterial blood pressure
atria
ABO blood group
Cardiac muscle cells
34. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Hemoglobin
Platelet fxn
coronary sinus
35. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Vagal Signal
adrenergic tone
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
T- tubules
36. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Valves of the venous system
Sickle cell anemia
amino acids and glucose
chylomicrons
37. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Relaxed
fibrin
Coronary arteries
Bundle of His
38. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
adipocytes
systemic arterial blood pressure
hemostasis
Coronary arteries
39. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
varicose veins
Fast Na channels
Internodal tract
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
Intercalated discs
neutrophil
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
41. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
high osmolarity of tissues
Functional syncytium
Baroreceptors
Ischemia
42. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
venous blood pressure
heart
Internodal tract
43. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Na leak channels
Cardiac muscle cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
high osmolarity of tissues
44. 2 portal systems to know
ABO blood group
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
45. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Systole
Inflammation
stroke volume
46. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
nutrients
47. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
chylomicrons
Vagal Signal
Slow Ca channels
Hepatic portal vein
48. Number of systole contractions per unit time
fibrinogen
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
heart rate
hemophilia
49. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
venous blood pressure
systemic arterial blood pressure
50. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Bundle of His
Coronary veins
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
valves