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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






2. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






3. Where are RBCs broken down?






4. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






5. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






6. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






7. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






8. Flow of blood through a tissue






9. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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10. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






11. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






12. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






13. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






14. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






15. 2 ways to increase venous return






16. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






17. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






18. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






19. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






20. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






21. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






22. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






23. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






24. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






25. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






26. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






27. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






28. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






29. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






30. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






31. Fat storage cells of the body






32. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






33. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






34. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






35. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






36. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






37. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






38. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






39. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






40. 2 lymphocytes






41. 2 chambers of the heart






42. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






43. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






44. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






45. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






46. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






47. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






48. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






49. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






50. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels