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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
albumin
Glucose
Cardiac muscle cells
2. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
2 components of antigens
Hemoglobin
chylomicrons
3. Number of systole contractions per unit time
pulmonary circulation
hemophilia
Relaxed
heart rate
4. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
hemostasis
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Temperature or metabolic rate
Sympathetic regulation of heart
5. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
fibrinogen
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Erythrocytes
6. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
basophil
Baroreceptors
bilirubin
varicose veins
7. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
WBC
varicose veins
Temperature or metabolic rate
venous return
8. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Sickle cell anemia
Rh blood group
basophil
9. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
Vagal Signal
Sickle cell anemia
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
10. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
veins
Spleen and liver
Capillaries
atria
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Diastole is longer
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Frank - Starling Effect
12. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Cardiac muscle cells
Repolarization of nodes
Capillaries
13. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
urea
Ohm's law
Hepatic portal vein
hypoxia
14. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Rh blood group
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
15. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
nutrients
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Coronary veins
coronary sinus
16. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
megakaryocytes
amino acids and glucose
bicuspid (mitral) valve
nutrients
17. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
atrioventricular valves
Inflammation
Hepatic portal vein
Ischemia
18. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Relaxed
fats
Internodal tract
Thrombus
19. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Hemoglobin
tricuspid valve
Diastole
20. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
SA node
nutrients
2 components of antigens
stroke volume
21. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Capillaries
fibrin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
high osmolarity of tissues
22. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Spleen and liver
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
high osmolarity of tissues
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
23. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Repolarization of nodes
Temperature or metabolic rate
24. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
systemic circulation
heart rate
25. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
albumin
WBC
ABO blood group
26. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
Waste
capillaries
Perfusion
27. Where are RBCs broken down?
Sickle cell anemia
heart
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Spleen and liver
28. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
bilirubin
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
urea
29. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
diastolic blood pressure
fats
WBC
Bundle of His
30. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
megakaryocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
systemic circulation
Peripheral resistance
31. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
oncotic pressure
Blood plasma
serum
32. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Capillaries
arteries
Sickle cell anemia
cardiac output (L/min)
33. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
systemic arterial blood pressure
Hemoglobin
fibrinogen
Peripheral resistance
34. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Waste
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
eosinophil
35. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
local autoregulation
Valves of the venous system
Internodal tract
36. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
systolic blood pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
37. 2 lymphocytes
oncotic pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
B cells and T cells
fats
38. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Capillaries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
bilirubin
fats
39. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Coronary veins
Slow Ca channels
Portal systems
40. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
diastolic blood pressure
Sickle cell anemia
Systole
systolic blood pressure
41. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
valves
high osmolarity of tissues
AV node
Valves of the venous system
42. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
varicose veins
eosinophil
resistance
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
43. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
AV node
Ischemia
Relaxed
megakaryocytes
44. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Peripheral resistance
Inflammation
urea
varicose veins
45. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Sickle cell anemia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
T- tubules
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
46. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
high osmolarity of tissues
47. 2 chambers of the heart
Vagal Signal
Diastole
atria and ventricles
Coronary veins
48. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
megakaryocytes
Ischemia
Hemoglobin
capillaries
49. When do semilunar valves close?
Waste
Erythrocytes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
50. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
venous return
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
SA node
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum