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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Internodal tract
venous blood pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
2. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
hemostasis
chylomicrons
Ohm's law
3. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
resistance
Ohm's law
systemic circulation
Systole
4. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
2 components of antigens
cardiac output (L/min)
AV node
resistance
5. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
Lipoproteins
hemophilia
Tense
6. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
pulmonary circulation
arteries
basophil
Fxn of circulatory system
7. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
diastolic blood pressure
SA node
B cells and T cells
cardiac output (L/min)
8. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
atrioventricular valves
Waste
Ca channels
9. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
atria
arteries
resistance
10. When do Rh antibodies develop?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
stroke volume
hemostasis
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
11. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Blood plasma
serum
12. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
heart rate
ABO blood group
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
13. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Diastole is longer
high osmolarity of tissues
atrioventricular valves
systemic arterial blood pressure
14. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
coronary sinus
Valves of the venous system
ABO blood group
15. Flow of blood through a tissue
Tense
Frank - Starling Effect
Vagal Signal
Perfusion
16. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
bilirubin
WBC
venous blood pressure
2 components of antigens
17. Number of systole contractions per unit time
basophil
tricuspid valve
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
heart rate
18. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
atrioventricular valves
SA node
ventricles
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
19. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
amino acids and glucose
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Sympathetic regulation of heart
20. What is the direct cause of edema?
valves
high osmolarity of tissues
adipocytes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
21. When do semilunar valves close?
Valves of the venous system
Temperature or metabolic rate
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Bundle of His
22. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
B cells and T cells
Temperature or metabolic rate
Right atrium
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
23. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
Erythrocytes
megakaryocytes
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
24. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
high osmolarity of tissues
varicose veins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
25. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
2 components of antigens
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Portal systems
26. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Hepatic portal vein
megakaryocytes
Granulocytes
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
27. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Cardiac muscle cells
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Platelet fxn
albumin
28. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
Systole
Platelet fxn
systolic blood pressure
29. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
2 components of antigens
nutrients
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
30. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
adrenergic tone
pulmonary circulation
Perfusion
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
31. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
hypoxia
heart
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Repolarization of nodes
32. Purpose of erythrocytes?
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
hypoxia
basophil
33. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fibrinogen
34. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
adipocytes
Na leak channels
oncotic pressure
AV node
35. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
heart rate
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
venous blood pressure
venous return
36. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Erythrocytes
Na leak channels
atria
37. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
serum
Relaxed
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
38. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Sickle cell anemia
fats
atrioventricular valves
Ischemia
39. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
ABO blood group
macrophage
Hepatic portal vein
bone marrow
40. 2 chambers of the heart
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
atria and ventricles
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Internodal tract
41. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Hepatic portal vein
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
heart
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
42. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Baroreceptors
resistance
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
43. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Systole
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
arteries
44. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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45. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
arteries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
local autoregulation
pulse pressure
46. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Valves of the venous system
eosinophil
fibrinogen
chylomicrons
47. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Hemoglobin
adrenergic tone
48. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
ventricles
Ischemia
AV node
49. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Diastole is longer
Portal systems
venous blood pressure
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
50. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
Blood plasma
venous blood pressure
Spleen and liver