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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






2. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






3. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






4. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






5. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






6. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






7. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






8. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






9. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






10. 2 portal systems to know






11. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






12. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






13. Fat storage cells of the body






14. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






15. 2 chambers of the heart






16. What is the direct cause of edema?






17. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






18. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






19. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






20. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






21. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






22. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






23. Number of systole contractions per unit time






24. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






25. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






26. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






27. 2 ways to increase venous return






28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






29. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






30. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






31. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






32. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






33. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






34. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






35. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






36. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






37. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






38. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






39. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






40. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






41. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






42. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






43. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






44. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






45. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






46. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






47. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






48. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






49. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






50. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries