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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Temperature or metabolic rate
Fast Na channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
bicuspid (mitral) valve
2. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Bundle of His
Fxn of circulatory system
bilirubin
Inflammation
3. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Relaxed
varicose veins
Ohm's law
diastolic blood pressure
4. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Vagal Signal
chylomicrons
Sickle cell anemia
hemostasis
5. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
hemophilia
Functional syncytium
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
6. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
ventricles
systolic blood pressure
arteries
Waste
7. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
B cells and T cells
Ohm's law
Frank - Starling Effect
Blood plasma
8. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
adrenergic tone
Na leak channels
Internodal tract
Fxn of circulatory system
9. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
resistance
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Spleen and liver
10. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Cardiac muscle cells
bicuspid (mitral) valve
T- tubules
Tense
11. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Fast Na channels
fibrin
heart
12. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
systemic arterial blood pressure
nutrients
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Relaxed
13. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
hemophilia
Cardiac muscle cells
atria
heart
14. When do Rh antibodies develop?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Right atrium
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
15. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
resistance
chylomicrons
serum
Frank - Starling Effect
16. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
oncotic pressure
macrophage
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Temperature or metabolic rate
17. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Thrombus
coronary sinus
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
oncotic pressure
18. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
high osmolarity of tissues
SA node
19. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Na leak channels
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
systemic circulation
20. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
high osmolarity of tissues
veins
systemic circulation
21. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Tense
Na leak channels
megakaryocytes
pulmonary circulation
22. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
capillaries
atrioventricular valves
heart rate
varicose veins
23. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
macrophage
hemostasis
Diastole
Granulocytes
24. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Hepatic portal vein
systemic circulation
25. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
systemic circulation
tricuspid valve
Slow Ca channels
venous return
26. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
local autoregulation
Tense
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Hemoglobin
27. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
heart
Waste
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
28. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
pulmonary circulation
Slow Ca channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Na leak channels
29. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
oncotic pressure
Rh blood group
valves
30. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Erythrocytes
hemostasis
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
31. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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32. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
bilirubin
oncotic pressure
Perfusion
33. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
hemostasis
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
neutrophil
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
34. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
Ca channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
2 components of antigens
35. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
bone marrow
bicuspid (mitral) valve
eosinophil
macrophage
36. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Platelet fxn
Hepatic portal vein
37. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Glucose
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Perfusion
ventricles
38. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Internodal tract
capillaries
stroke volume
veins
39. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Waste
Coronary veins
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
40. Where are RBCs broken down?
bilirubin
Spleen and liver
chylomicrons
T- tubules
41. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Spleen and liver
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
bone marrow
42. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Blood plasma
Functional syncytium
Bundle of His
Relaxed
43. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
venous blood pressure
Granulocytes
T- tubules
44. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
basophil
varicose veins
Platelet fxn
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
45. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Ohm's law
Relaxed
adrenergic tone
bone marrow
46. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
eosinophil
albumin
local autoregulation
atrioventricular valves
47. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
coronary sinus
Sickle cell anemia
WBC
48. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
Na leak channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
49. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
fibrinogen
veins
coronary sinus
ventricles
50. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Tense
Vagal Signal
Peripheral resistance
venous return
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