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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
megakaryocytes
serum
Slow Ca channels
hypoxia
2. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
2 components of antigens
Sickle cell anemia
3. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
WBC
venous return
fibrin
stroke volume
4. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
2 components of antigens
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
systemic arterial blood pressure
5. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Vagal Signal
Lipoproteins
Perfusion
6. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Capillaries
Right atrium
Platelet fxn
venous return
7. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Sickle cell anemia
B cells and T cells
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
systemic arterial blood pressure
8. 2 ways to increase venous return
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Glucose
Frank - Starling Effect
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
9. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Thrombus
neutrophil
fats
10. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Peripheral resistance
hemophilia
nutrients
bicuspid (mitral) valve
11. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Waste
high osmolarity of tissues
heart rate
Hemoglobin
12. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Frank - Starling Effect
basophil
pulmonary circulation
Diastole is longer
13. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
varicose veins
Baroreceptors
capillaries
14. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Thrombus
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
atrioventricular valves
ventricles
15. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
venous return
Rh blood group
systemic circulation
Glucose
16. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
atria and ventricles
Systole
resistance
17. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
albumin
Baroreceptors
Perfusion
18. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
fibrin
Waste
venous return
19. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
adipocytes
megakaryocytes
T- tubules
varicose veins
20. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Repolarization of nodes
adrenergic tone
cardiac output (L/min)
Relaxed
21. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
adipocytes
nutrients
Relaxed
22. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Ischemia
Coronary veins
varicose veins
Granulocytes
23. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
24. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
varicose veins
venous blood pressure
Erythropoetin
Na leak channels
25. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
amino acids and glucose
Waste
Coronary arteries
bilirubin
26. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Platelet fxn
Coronary arteries
Bundle of His
fibrin
27. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
B cells and T cells
Lipoproteins
bicuspid (mitral) valve
28. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Peripheral resistance
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
systemic circulation
Sickle cell anemia
29. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Inflammation
Fxn of circulatory system
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Diastole
30. Where are RBCs broken down?
Waste
Spleen and liver
Glucose
diastolic blood pressure
31. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
fats
Coronary veins
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
32. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Cardiac muscle cells
atrioventricular valves
veins
local autoregulation
33. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
eosinophil
hypoxia
Bundle of His
atrioventricular valves
34. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Inflammation
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Ca channels
Coronary veins
35. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
atrioventricular valves
serum
systemic circulation
fibrin
36. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
oncotic pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
37. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Erythrocytes
Fast Na channels
ABO blood group
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
38. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Lipoproteins
valves
chylomicrons
heart
39. 2 lymphocytes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Capillaries
B cells and T cells
40. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Erythrocytes
adipocytes
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
heart
41. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Lipoproteins
arteries
pulse pressure
Glucose
42. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
varicose veins
Sickle cell anemia
Hepatic portal vein
Diastole is longer
43. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
fibrinogen
fibrin
Temperature or metabolic rate
Tense
44. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
megakaryocytes
albumin
valves
45. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
coronary sinus
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
46. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Temperature or metabolic rate
tricuspid valve
Thrombus
Cardiac muscle cells
47. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
Intercalated discs
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
pulmonary circulation
48. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
bilirubin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
pulse pressure
49. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Platelet fxn
Repolarization of nodes
AV node
50. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
bicuspid (mitral) valve
fats
capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input