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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






2. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






3. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






4. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






5. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






6. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






7. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






8. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






9. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






10. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






11. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






12. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






13. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






14. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






15. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






16. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






17. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






18. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






19. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






20. 2 chambers of the heart






21. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






22. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






23. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






24. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






25. Universal donor






26. When do semilunar valves close?






27. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






28. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






29. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






30. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






31. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






32. Flow of blood through a tissue






33. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






34. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






35. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






36. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






37. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






38. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






39. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






40. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






41. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






42. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






43. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






44. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






45. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






47. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






48. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






49. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






50. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels