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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
hemostasis
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Platelet fxn
fibrin
2. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Slow Ca channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
3. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
fibrinogen
Inflammation
nutrients
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
4. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
venous return
Temperature or metabolic rate
Repolarization of nodes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
5. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
arteries
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
nutrients
6. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Inflammation
stroke volume
Erythrocytes
Erythropoetin
7. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
2 components of antigens
Hemoglobin
bone marrow
hemophilia
8. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
oncotic pressure
bone marrow
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Functional syncytium
9. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Vagal Signal
Rh blood group
10. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
oncotic pressure
Erythrocytes
systemic arterial blood pressure
coronary sinus
11. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
Frank - Starling Effect
12. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Repolarization of nodes
diastolic blood pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
13. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Baroreceptors
Na leak channels
pulse pressure
eosinophil
14. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
arteries
fibrinogen
systolic blood pressure
15. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
heart
varicose veins
Bundle of His
16. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Erythropoetin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Coronary veins
Tense
17. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
eosinophil
Waste
Ohm's law
Ca channels
18. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
adipocytes
neutrophil
Perfusion
19. Fat storage cells of the body
systolic blood pressure
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
adipocytes
20. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Thrombus
coronary sinus
Ischemia
21. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
Fast Na channels
fibrinogen
B cells and T cells
22. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
bilirubin
pulse pressure
serum
hypoxia
23. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Erythropoetin
Valves of the venous system
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Rh blood group
24. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
fibrinogen
venous return
Vagal Signal
Peripheral resistance
25. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
basophil
systolic blood pressure
Na leak channels
Sickle cell anemia
26. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
heart
Vagal Signal
T- tubules
WBC
27. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
WBC
atria and ventricles
Hemoglobin
cardiac output (L/min)
28. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Perfusion
2 components of antigens
Valves of the venous system
29. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Tense
capillaries
atrioventricular valves
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
30. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
pulse pressure
valves
pulmonary circulation
31. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
fibrin
atria
Temperature or metabolic rate
Bundle of His
32. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
albumin
varicose veins
local autoregulation
hemostasis
33. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
hypoxia
Rh blood group
fats
amino acids and glucose
34. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
systemic circulation
ABO blood group
oncotic pressure
35. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
atria and ventricles
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Hemoglobin
heart rate
36. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
AV node
venous return
Valves of the venous system
ventricles
37. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
Capillaries
Inflammation
Perfusion
38. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Frank - Starling Effect
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
serum
macrophage
39. Number of systole contractions per unit time
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
amino acids and glucose
heart rate
bone marrow
40. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Waste
AV node
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Thrombus
41. What is the direct cause of edema?
fibrinogen
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Inflammation
diastolic blood pressure
42. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
AV node
Right atrium
SA node
ventricles
43. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Hemoglobin
bone marrow
fibrin
systolic blood pressure
44. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
valves
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Platelet fxn
45. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
pulmonary circulation
diastolic blood pressure
Erythropoetin
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
46. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
atria and ventricles
hypoxia
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
47. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
eosinophil
atria
nutrients
48. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Na leak channels
Granulocytes
atria
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
49. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
50. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Right atrium
veins