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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






2. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






3. 2 portal systems to know






4. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






5. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






6. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






7. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






8. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






9. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






10. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






11. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






12. 2 chambers of the heart






13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






14. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






15. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






16. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






17. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






18. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






19. What is the direct cause of edema?






20. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






21. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






22. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






23. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






24. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






25. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






26. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






27. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






28. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






29. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






30. Purpose of erythrocytes?






31. Flow of blood through a tissue






32. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






33. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






34. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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35. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






36. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






37. Fat storage cells of the body






38. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






39. 2 lymphocytes






40. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






41. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






42. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






43. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






44. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






45. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






46. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






47. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






48. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






49. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






50. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures