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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
fibrinogen
B cells and T cells
Na leak channels
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
2. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
Right atrium
Peripheral resistance
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
3. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
Perfusion
Thrombus
Ca channels
4. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Capillaries
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Baroreceptors
5. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
fats
WBC
eosinophil
serum
6. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
heart
AV node
Fast Na channels
valves
7. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Thrombus
fats
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
8. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
megakaryocytes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Waste
9. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
fibrin
systemic arterial blood pressure
varicose veins
10. 2 portal systems to know
SA node
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
hemostasis
Waste
11. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Waste
heart
systolic blood pressure
Tense
12. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Portal systems
capillaries
13. Fat storage cells of the body
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
arteries
hypoxia
adipocytes
14. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
ventricles
Coronary veins
15. 2 chambers of the heart
valves
venous blood pressure
atria and ventricles
SA node
16. What is the direct cause of edema?
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Systole
AV node
17. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
pulmonary circulation
veins
atria
urea
18. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Ca channels
Relaxed
Hemoglobin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
19. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Coronary arteries
Erythrocytes
varicose veins
20. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Slow Ca channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
oncotic pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
21. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
WBC
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Diastole is longer
22. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
systemic circulation
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Intercalated discs
hemostasis
23. Number of systole contractions per unit time
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
heart rate
Capillaries
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
24. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Tense
25. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Ca channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Na leak channels
26. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
hypoxia
local autoregulation
Baroreceptors
27. 2 ways to increase venous return
Ohm's law
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Hemoglobin
Internodal tract
28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Intercalated discs
coronary sinus
basophil
Waste
29. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
2 components of antigens
Systole
Sickle cell anemia
30. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Bundle of His
Platelet fxn
amino acids and glucose
31. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
Internodal tract
eosinophil
Granulocytes
32. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Capillaries
Peripheral resistance
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
33. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
venous return
coronary sinus
Glucose
Portal systems
34. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Functional syncytium
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Inflammation
nutrients
35. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
local autoregulation
resistance
urea
36. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Valves of the venous system
local autoregulation
Intercalated discs
atria
37. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
ventricles
Hepatic portal vein
2 components of antigens
local autoregulation
38. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
heart rate
WBC
Right atrium
T- tubules
39. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
adrenergic tone
pulse pressure
Repolarization of nodes
Peripheral resistance
40. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
cardiac output (L/min)
Fxn of circulatory system
systemic arterial blood pressure
macrophage
41. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
albumin
Fxn of circulatory system
42. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
hemophilia
bilirubin
atria
Capillaries
43. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Inflammation
veins
high osmolarity of tissues
Tense
44. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Slow Ca channels
Rh blood group
Coronary arteries
fibrin
45. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
macrophage
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
Temperature or metabolic rate
46. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Cardiac muscle cells
megakaryocytes
pulmonary circulation
47. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Thrombus
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
stroke volume
resistance
48. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
hypoxia
Erythrocytes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Bundle of His
49. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Baroreceptors
fats
systemic arterial blood pressure
2 components of antigens
50. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Granulocytes
megakaryocytes
diastolic blood pressure