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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
hemophilia
diastolic blood pressure
tricuspid valve
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
2. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
Portal systems
atria
pulmonary circulation
3. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
fibrin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
4. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
heart
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
5. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
oncotic pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Spleen and liver
Hepatic portal vein
6. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
valves
oncotic pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
adrenergic tone
7. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Na leak channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
8. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
varicose veins
adrenergic tone
Coronary arteries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
9. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
amino acids and glucose
oncotic pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
SA node
10. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Glucose
venous return
ABO blood group
11. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
nutrients
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
varicose veins
Na leak channels
12. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Perfusion
Coronary arteries
urea
13. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
T- tubules
amino acids and glucose
Erythrocytes
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
14. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
fats
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
hemophilia
Perfusion
15. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Ohm's law
Thrombus
Right atrium
systolic blood pressure
16. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
hypoxia
adipocytes
atria and ventricles
17. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Coronary arteries
Diastole
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Waste
18. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Portal systems
Peripheral resistance
Capillaries
19. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
2 components of antigens
Diastole
Spleen and liver
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
20. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
T- tubules
Platelet fxn
Sympathetic regulation of heart
capillaries
21. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Hepatic portal vein
fibrin
Fxn of circulatory system
serum
22. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
WBC
bone marrow
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
urea
23. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Sickle cell anemia
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
fats
24. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Spleen and liver
Ca channels
Blood plasma
Right atrium
25. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
atrioventricular valves
Hemoglobin
Capillaries
urea
26. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
ventricles
oncotic pressure
Ca channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
27. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
systemic arterial blood pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
Fxn of circulatory system
28. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
serum
Granulocytes
high osmolarity of tissues
29. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
Slow Ca channels
Right atrium
Repolarization of nodes
30. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
bilirubin
atria
Thrombus
amino acids and glucose
31. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
heart rate
pulmonary circulation
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
albumin
32. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemophilia
ventricles
atria
bilirubin
33. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
atria
ventricles
systemic circulation
34. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
ABO blood group
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Glucose
Right atrium
35. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
venous return
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Glucose
Functional syncytium
36. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
systolic blood pressure
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Granulocytes
adipocytes
37. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
hypoxia
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
megakaryocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
38. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
eosinophil
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
hypoxia
varicose veins
39. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
bicuspid (mitral) valve
pulmonary circulation
40. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
pulmonary circulation
basophil
venous blood pressure
Hemoglobin
41. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
hemophilia
Glucose
capillaries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
42. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
stroke volume
atria and ventricles
43. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
heart rate
Diastole is longer
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
44. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Perfusion
Vagal Signal
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
45. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
atrioventricular valves
46. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Hemoglobin
Vagal Signal
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Repolarization of nodes
47. Flow of blood through a tissue
Spleen and liver
heart rate
oncotic pressure
Perfusion
48. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Spleen and liver
T- tubules
Systole
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
49. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
atria and ventricles
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
venous blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
50. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
chylomicrons
WBC
Internodal tract