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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart rate
Hemoglobin
Intercalated discs
varicose veins
2. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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3. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
T- tubules
systemic circulation
Valves of the venous system
atria and ventricles
4. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Hepatic portal vein
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Slow Ca channels
neutrophil
5. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
Sympathetic regulation of heart
high osmolarity of tissues
systolic blood pressure
6. Where are RBCs broken down?
Cardiac muscle cells
Spleen and liver
Relaxed
fats
7. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
venous blood pressure
Inflammation
Valves of the venous system
8. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Slow Ca channels
fats
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Baroreceptors
9. 2 lymphocytes
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
B cells and T cells
Intercalated discs
10. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
fibrinogen
megakaryocytes
Spleen and liver
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
11. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
Ischemia
venous blood pressure
atria
12. 2 chambers of the heart
Portal systems
atria and ventricles
Glucose
Vagal Signal
13. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
varicose veins
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Waste
pulmonary circulation
14. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Lipoproteins
serum
diastolic blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
15. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Portal systems
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
heart
16. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
T- tubules
Granulocytes
systemic arterial blood pressure
17. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
eosinophil
Fast Na channels
resistance
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
18. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
systemic arterial blood pressure
Hepatic portal vein
Diastole
cardiac output (L/min)
19. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Inflammation
Spleen and liver
Baroreceptors
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
20. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
tricuspid valve
resistance
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
hemostasis
21. 2 portal systems to know
pulmonary circulation
Diastole
Frank - Starling Effect
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
22. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
venous return
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Diastole
fibrinogen
23. Purpose of erythrocytes?
hemostasis
T- tubules
Ischemia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
24. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
heart rate
adrenergic tone
Right atrium
Functional syncytium
25. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Inflammation
hypoxia
Sympathetic regulation of heart
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
26. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Diastole is longer
Ca channels
Granulocytes
27. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Lipoproteins
Na leak channels
Intercalated discs
Coronary arteries
28. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
amino acids and glucose
Glucose
29. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
macrophage
veins
Capillaries
30. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
neutrophil
Ohm's law
Right atrium
31. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Valves of the venous system
Temperature or metabolic rate
Hemoglobin
Frank - Starling Effect
32. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
adrenergic tone
heart rate
Capillaries
33. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
Waste
Blood plasma
Platelet fxn
34. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
heart
bone marrow
Diastole is longer
35. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
veins
Portal systems
Thrombus
36. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
systemic circulation
Erythropoetin
stroke volume
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
37. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Ohm's law
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
arteries
fibrin
38. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Intercalated discs
coronary sinus
Spleen and liver
valves
39. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
pulmonary circulation
albumin
Spleen and liver
varicose veins
40. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Valves of the venous system
tricuspid valve
41. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
resistance
Portal systems
Hepatic portal vein
42. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atria and ventricles
Erythrocytes
atrioventricular valves
arteries
43. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Frank - Starling Effect
Waste
diastolic blood pressure
44. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
SA node
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
45. Fat storage cells of the body
hemophilia
Platelet fxn
adipocytes
Relaxed
46. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
local autoregulation
Erythropoetin
valves
high osmolarity of tissues
47. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Sickle cell anemia
48. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Peripheral resistance
arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
49. Universal donor
Frank - Starling Effect
systemic circulation
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Peripheral resistance
50. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Relaxed
adipocytes
Internodal tract
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases