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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






2. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






3. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






4. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






5. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






6. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






7. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






8. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






9. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






10. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






11. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






12. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






13. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






14. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






15. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






16. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






17. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






18. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






19. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






20. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






21. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






22. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






23. Flow of blood through a tissue






24. Fat storage cells of the body






25. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






26. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






27. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






28. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






29. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






30. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






31. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






32. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






33. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






34. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






35. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






36. Universal donor






37. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






38. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






39. 2 lymphocytes






40. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






41. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






42. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






43. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






44. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






45. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






46. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






47. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






48. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






49. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






50. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?