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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






2. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






3. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






4. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






5. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






6. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






7. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






8. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






9. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






10. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






11. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






12. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






13. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






14. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






15. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






16. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






17. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






18. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






19. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






20. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






21. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






22. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






23. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






24. When do semilunar valves close?






25. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






26. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






27. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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28. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






29. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






30. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






31. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






32. Purpose of erythrocytes?






33. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






34. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






35. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






36. Universal acceptor






37. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






38. Universal donor






39. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






41. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






42. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






43. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






44. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






45. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






46. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






47. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






48. When do Rh antibodies develop?






49. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






50. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft