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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Ohm's law
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
neutrophil
2. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Peripheral resistance
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Inflammation
3. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Baroreceptors
SA node
Bundle of His
chylomicrons
4. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Internodal tract
Peripheral resistance
Bundle of His
cardiac output (L/min)
5. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
systemic circulation
atria
megakaryocytes
6. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
macrophage
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Frank - Starling Effect
bilirubin
7. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
heart rate
venous blood pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
8. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
oncotic pressure
Inflammation
macrophage
Systole
9. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Internodal tract
Rh blood group
veins
10. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
hemophilia
Fast Na channels
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
11. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
arteries
amino acids and glucose
12. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Granulocytes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Temperature or metabolic rate
13. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
atria and ventricles
stroke volume
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Platelet fxn
14. 2 chambers of the heart
heart
atrioventricular valves
atria and ventricles
WBC
15. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
fibrin
eosinophil
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
16. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
Repolarization of nodes
Right atrium
amino acids and glucose
17. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
atria and ventricles
Frank - Starling Effect
Intercalated discs
18. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Systole
Peripheral resistance
19. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
albumin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Waste
Tense
20. Purpose of erythrocytes?
chylomicrons
diastolic blood pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Glucose
21. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Vagal Signal
Valves of the venous system
Right atrium
Spleen and liver
22. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Capillaries
Erythrocytes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
resistance
23. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
varicose veins
Spleen and liver
Diastole
albumin
24. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Systole
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
pulmonary circulation
Ca channels
25. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
coronary sinus
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Platelet fxn
albumin
26. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
AV node
Repolarization of nodes
27. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Perfusion
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
28. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
valves
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
capillaries
29. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
nutrients
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Ischemia
30. Fat storage cells of the body
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
adipocytes
hemostasis
Frank - Starling Effect
31. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Right atrium
systemic circulation
Coronary veins
bone marrow
32. When do Rh antibodies develop?
arteries
stroke volume
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
33. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
Slow Ca channels
Erythropoetin
hemostasis
34. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
Bundle of His
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Vagal Signal
35. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
atrioventricular valves
Thrombus
Sympathetic regulation of heart
pulmonary circulation
36. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
2 components of antigens
WBC
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
37. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
hemostasis
Coronary arteries
amino acids and glucose
basophil
38. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
albumin
Portal systems
Perfusion
Ischemia
39. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
amino acids and glucose
atrioventricular valves
Hepatic portal vein
high osmolarity of tissues
40. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Valves of the venous system
WBC
adipocytes
Peripheral resistance
41. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Hepatic portal vein
diastolic blood pressure
Peripheral resistance
venous return
42. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Frank - Starling Effect
Thrombus
Na leak channels
Peripheral resistance
43. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
macrophage
Erythrocytes
Glucose
Rh blood group
44. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Ca channels
Coronary veins
varicose veins
45. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Perfusion
atrioventricular valves
systemic arterial blood pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
46. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
oncotic pressure
47. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Inflammation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
resistance
Blood plasma
48. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Platelet fxn
diastolic blood pressure
eosinophil
Glucose
49. 2 portal systems to know
ventricles
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Hemoglobin
Tense
50. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
venous blood pressure
atrioventricular valves