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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
venous blood pressure
heart rate
Erythropoetin
2. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Functional syncytium
Hepatic portal vein
atria
Hemoglobin
3. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
atria
bone marrow
hemostasis
local autoregulation
4. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
venous return
Fxn of circulatory system
stroke volume
5. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
Waste
Relaxed
Platelet fxn
6. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
ventricles
Peripheral resistance
capillaries
Fast Na channels
7. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Diastole is longer
atrioventricular valves
SA node
Slow Ca channels
8. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
adrenergic tone
hemophilia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
veins
9. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Waste
arteries
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
10. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
heart
Perfusion
Spleen and liver
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
11. When do Rh antibodies develop?
bone marrow
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Bundle of His
resistance
12. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
veins
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Relaxed
Coronary arteries
13. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Repolarization of nodes
venous return
coronary sinus
14. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Ohm's law
basophil
stroke volume
Erythropoetin
15. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Na leak channels
Peripheral resistance
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
16. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
urea
Capillaries
systemic circulation
17. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Internodal tract
Waste
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
18. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Perfusion
urea
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
19. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Fxn of circulatory system
Cardiac muscle cells
Rh blood group
20. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
nutrients
hypoxia
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
WBC
21. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
AV node
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
megakaryocytes
T- tubules
22. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
varicose veins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Portal systems
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
23. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
tricuspid valve
chylomicrons
eosinophil
Relaxed
24. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
hemostasis
AV node
Temperature or metabolic rate
25. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Waste
high osmolarity of tissues
26. Universal donor
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
stroke volume
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
urea
27. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
2 components of antigens
macrophage
Tense
28. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
venous blood pressure
systemic circulation
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
29. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
bilirubin
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Inflammation
30. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
atrioventricular valves
Internodal tract
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
31. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Glucose
Ischemia
B cells and T cells
local autoregulation
32. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
SA node
atria and ventricles
Repolarization of nodes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
33. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
macrophage
Erythrocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
34. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
megakaryocytes
WBC
Valves of the venous system
35. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
megakaryocytes
Rh blood group
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Portal systems
36. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
serum
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Thrombus
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
37. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
systolic blood pressure
heart
Sickle cell anemia
Ohm's law
38. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
ABO blood group
pulmonary circulation
serum
Ischemia
39. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Hepatic portal vein
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
arteries
cardiac output (L/min)
40. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
atria
Ca channels
high osmolarity of tissues
41. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
basophil
albumin
Diastole
ventricles
42. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
hemostasis
adipocytes
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Blood plasma
43. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
pulse pressure
fibrinogen
neutrophil
44. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Diastole
hemostasis
Intercalated discs
45. Fat storage cells of the body
Intercalated discs
oncotic pressure
systolic blood pressure
adipocytes
46. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Slow Ca channels
oncotic pressure
Coronary veins
Temperature or metabolic rate
47. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
Valves of the venous system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
capillaries
48. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
atria and ventricles
Hemoglobin
diastolic blood pressure
AV node
49. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Inflammation
heart rate
Fxn of circulatory system
Glucose
50. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Granulocytes
Peripheral resistance
arteries
Coronary veins