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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Frank - Starling Effect
Slow Ca channels
bicuspid (mitral) valve
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
2. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
B cells and T cells
Internodal tract
albumin
Na leak channels
3. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Rh blood group
local autoregulation
bone marrow
eosinophil
4. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Platelet fxn
atrioventricular valves
Peripheral resistance
veins
5. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Waste
WBC
serum
nutrients
6. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Na leak channels
pulse pressure
systemic circulation
Frank - Starling Effect
7. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Ohm's law
ventricles
diastolic blood pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
8. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
cardiac output (L/min)
Baroreceptors
hemostasis
Functional syncytium
9. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
coronary sinus
adipocytes
pulse pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
10. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
adipocytes
neutrophil
Fast Na channels
fats
11. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
fibrinogen
coronary sinus
systemic circulation
12. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
atrioventricular valves
Waste
arteries
bicuspid (mitral) valve
13. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Vagal Signal
adrenergic tone
Waste
basophil
14. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
atrioventricular valves
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients
15. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
fats
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
venous blood pressure
16. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
AV node
Waste
venous blood pressure
17. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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18. 2 lymphocytes
Vagal Signal
B cells and T cells
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
hemophilia
19. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Diastole is longer
Sickle cell anemia
20. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
Fast Na channels
SA node
oncotic pressure
21. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Baroreceptors
cardiac output (L/min)
tricuspid valve
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
22. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Repolarization of nodes
oncotic pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Diastole
23. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
systolic blood pressure
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Erythropoetin
24. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
WBC
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Blood plasma
25. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Inflammation
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Repolarization of nodes
resistance
26. 2 ways to increase venous return
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
neutrophil
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
27. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
high osmolarity of tissues
basophil
systolic blood pressure
valves
28. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
macrophage
cardiac output (L/min)
Spleen and liver
29. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Systole
pulmonary circulation
ABO blood group
30. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
T- tubules
Portal systems
diastolic blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
31. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
hemophilia
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
32. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Intercalated discs
albumin
Vagal Signal
Glucose
33. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
tricuspid valve
34. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Coronary arteries
Fxn of circulatory system
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
B cells and T cells
35. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
veins
chylomicrons
atrioventricular valves
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
36. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
megakaryocytes
Portal systems
Internodal tract
Lipoproteins
37. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
Rh blood group
ventricles
Baroreceptors
38. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Cardiac muscle cells
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Waste
39. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Slow Ca channels
eosinophil
SA node
adrenergic tone
40. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
systemic arterial blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
fibrin
41. 2 chambers of the heart
fats
Waste
atria and ventricles
T- tubules
42. Fat storage cells of the body
cardiac output (L/min)
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
adipocytes
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
43. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
2 components of antigens
nutrients
basophil
44. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
atria
Frank - Starling Effect
45. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
albumin
stroke volume
Hemoglobin
46. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
atrioventricular valves
Vagal Signal
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
tricuspid valve
47. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Blood plasma
Slow Ca channels
cardiac output (L/min)
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
48. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
atria
Capillaries
Fxn of circulatory system
49. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
heart
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
atria and ventricles
50. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
urea
Sympathetic regulation of heart
ABO blood group