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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






2. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






3. 2 portal systems to know






4. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






5. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






6. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






7. What is the direct cause of edema?






8. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






9. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






10. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






11. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






12. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






13. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






14. Where are RBCs broken down?






15. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






16. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






17. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






18. 2 chambers of the heart






19. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






20. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






21. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






22. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






23. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






24. Universal acceptor






25. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






26. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






27. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






28. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






29. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






30. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






31. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






32. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






33. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






34. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






35. When do Rh antibodies develop?






36. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






37. 2 lymphocytes






38. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






39. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






40. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






41. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






42. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






43. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






44. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






45. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






46. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






47. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






48. Universal donor






49. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






50. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume