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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Systole
Ca channels
coronary sinus
Coronary veins
2. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
bone marrow
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Ca channels
Peripheral resistance
3. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Baroreceptors
Temperature or metabolic rate
neutrophil
4. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Thrombus
atria and ventricles
Functional syncytium
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
5. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Fxn of circulatory system
stroke volume
serum
SA node
6. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
eosinophil
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Temperature or metabolic rate
Waste
7. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
amino acids and glucose
Erythropoetin
local autoregulation
8. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Portal systems
Temperature or metabolic rate
fibrinogen
9. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
AV node
heart rate
Spleen and liver
ABO blood group
10. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Capillaries
2 components of antigens
Na leak channels
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
11. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
chylomicrons
Bundle of His
Na leak channels
Functional syncytium
12. 2 chambers of the heart
Ohm's law
urea
systemic arterial blood pressure
atria and ventricles
13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
SA node
B cells and T cells
14. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
heart rate
fibrin
Perfusion
15. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Ischemia
resistance
Diastole
heart
16. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
hemostasis
resistance
adrenergic tone
17. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
bone marrow
Repolarization of nodes
hypoxia
18. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Baroreceptors
Slow Ca channels
stroke volume
venous blood pressure
19. What is the direct cause of edema?
arteries
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
macrophage
Diastole is longer
20. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
heart rate
Thrombus
Rh blood group
local autoregulation
21. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Perfusion
capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
adipocytes
22. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Repolarization of nodes
pulmonary circulation
WBC
Erythrocytes
23. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
Functional syncytium
Ohm's law
Sympathetic regulation of heart
24. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
Cardiac muscle cells
Na leak channels
systemic arterial blood pressure
25. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Rh blood group
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Bundle of His
bone marrow
26. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
Cardiac muscle cells
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
27. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Platelet fxn
Relaxed
adipocytes
Sickle cell anemia
28. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
T- tubules
bilirubin
WBC
29. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
T- tubules
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
30. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
macrophage
Platelet fxn
systemic arterial blood pressure
31. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
Diastole is longer
chylomicrons
diastolic blood pressure
32. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
T- tubules
oncotic pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
33. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
amino acids and glucose
Fxn of circulatory system
Na leak channels
34. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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35. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
venous return
stroke volume
Coronary arteries
atria
36. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
systolic blood pressure
atrioventricular valves
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulmonary circulation
37. Fat storage cells of the body
urea
adipocytes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Cardiac muscle cells
38. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
atrioventricular valves
venous return
Thrombus
bicuspid (mitral) valve
39. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
Lipoproteins
Bundle of His
hemophilia
40. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
high osmolarity of tissues
AV node
resistance
41. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
stroke volume
resistance
Repolarization of nodes
adrenergic tone
42. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
veins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Spleen and liver
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
43. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
Cardiac muscle cells
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
SA node
44. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
basophil
2 components of antigens
Tense
Portal systems
45. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Repolarization of nodes
Inflammation
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
46. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Baroreceptors
Hepatic portal vein
Systole
47. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
diastolic blood pressure
WBC
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fibrin
48. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
bilirubin
Vagal Signal
systolic blood pressure
49. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Glucose
Rh blood group
heart
Systole
50. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
pulse pressure
systemic arterial blood pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate