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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






2. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






3. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






4. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






5. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






6. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






7. What is the direct cause of edema?






8. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






9. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






10. 2 lymphocytes






11. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






12. 2 chambers of the heart






13. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






14. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






15. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






16. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






17. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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18. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






19. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






20. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






21. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






22. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






23. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






24. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






25. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






26. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






27. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






28. Number of systole contractions per unit time






29. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






30. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






31. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






32. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






33. 2 ways to increase venous return






34. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






35. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






36. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






37. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






38. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






39. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






40. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






41. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






42. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






43. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






44. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






45. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






46. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






47. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






48. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






49. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






50. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries