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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






2. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






3. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






4. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






5. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






6. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






7. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






8. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






9. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






10. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






11. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






12. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






13. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






14. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






15. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






16. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






17. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






18. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






19. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






20. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






21. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






22. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






23. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






24. 2 ways to increase venous return






25. When do Rh antibodies develop?






26. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






27. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






28. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






29. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






30. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






31. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






32. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






33. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






34. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






35. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






36. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






37. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






38. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






39. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






40. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






41. Number of systole contractions per unit time






42. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






43. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






44. 2 lymphocytes






45. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






46. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






47. 2 portal systems to know






48. Where are RBCs broken down?






49. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






50. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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