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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 chambers of the heart
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
atria and ventricles
resistance
capillaries
2. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Rh blood group
Hemoglobin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Na leak channels
3. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
heart
fibrinogen
Blood plasma
Sickle cell anemia
4. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Thrombus
Valves of the venous system
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
stroke volume
5. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
diastolic blood pressure
fibrin
hemophilia
2 components of antigens
6. When do Rh antibodies develop?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
varicose veins
B cells and T cells
7. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
atria
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Blood plasma
local autoregulation
8. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
AV node
Temperature or metabolic rate
Systole
9. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Frank - Starling Effect
Baroreceptors
diastolic blood pressure
Relaxed
10. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Peripheral resistance
Erythropoetin
hemophilia
Perfusion
11. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
WBC
albumin
pulmonary circulation
12. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
coronary sinus
systemic arterial blood pressure
Internodal tract
Temperature or metabolic rate
13. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
2 components of antigens
Right atrium
oncotic pressure
Ca channels
14. 2 portal systems to know
SA node
serum
Ohm's law
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
15. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Platelet fxn
systemic circulation
Waste
Thrombus
16. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Tense
ABO blood group
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
17. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Fxn of circulatory system
cardiac output (L/min)
Internodal tract
18. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
tricuspid valve
Slow Ca channels
atrioventricular valves
Spleen and liver
19. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Waste
Erythrocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
veins
20. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
basophil
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
21. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Slow Ca channels
varicose veins
Perfusion
22. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
macrophage
Frank - Starling Effect
Diastole
fibrinogen
23. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Slow Ca channels
Bundle of His
Granulocytes
Frank - Starling Effect
24. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
Platelet fxn
fats
arteries
25. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Rh blood group
hemophilia
urea
WBC
26. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Waste
venous return
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Thrombus
27. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Fast Na channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Peripheral resistance
28. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
nutrients
atrioventricular valves
fibrinogen
Hepatic portal vein
29. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Hepatic portal vein
Thrombus
Capillaries
30. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
varicose veins
systolic blood pressure
Thrombus
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
31. 2 lymphocytes
Bundle of His
pulmonary circulation
B cells and T cells
Rh blood group
32. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Erythropoetin
pulmonary circulation
Inflammation
systemic circulation
33. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
urea
systemic circulation
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
34. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
venous return
Waste
adipocytes
Bundle of His
35. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
coronary sinus
Erythropoetin
eosinophil
hemostasis
36. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fibrinogen
37. Universal donor
Portal systems
Vagal Signal
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
38. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
Temperature or metabolic rate
amino acids and glucose
Erythrocytes
39. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
fibrinogen
fats
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
40. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Hepatic portal vein
serum
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
valves
41. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Portal systems
arteries
42. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Sickle cell anemia
atria and ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Fast Na channels
43. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac muscle cells
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
resistance
44. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart rate
arteries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
oncotic pressure
45. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Thrombus
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
amino acids and glucose
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
46. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Coronary veins
heart
Erythrocytes
Relaxed
47. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
arteries
adipocytes
Temperature or metabolic rate
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
48. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Relaxed
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hypoxia
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
49. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Diastole is longer
resistance
tricuspid valve
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
50. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
bone marrow
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood