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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
varicose veins
pulse pressure
hemostasis
high osmolarity of tissues
2. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
neutrophil
WBC
Fxn of circulatory system
3. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
2 components of antigens
heart
amino acids and glucose
4. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
coronary sinus
Tense
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
5. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
atria and ventricles
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Relaxed
systemic circulation
6. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Relaxed
bilirubin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
7. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Intercalated discs
Internodal tract
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Hepatic portal vein
8. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Frank - Starling Effect
Platelet fxn
pulse pressure
9. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
neutrophil
heart rate
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
10. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
systemic circulation
tricuspid valve
Rh blood group
hemophilia
11. 2 chambers of the heart
pulse pressure
stroke volume
valves
atria and ventricles
12. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
resistance
high osmolarity of tissues
Temperature or metabolic rate
13. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
venous return
ABO blood group
fats
14. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
adipocytes
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Vagal Signal
Glucose
15. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
pulse pressure
atria and ventricles
Inflammation
megakaryocytes
16. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Tense
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Intercalated discs
cardiac output (L/min)
17. Fat storage cells of the body
hemophilia
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
bicuspid (mitral) valve
adipocytes
18. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Inflammation
Vagal Signal
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
pulse pressure
19. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Fxn of circulatory system
Peripheral resistance
Inflammation
20. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
basophil
SA node
Waste
local autoregulation
21. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
SA node
atria and ventricles
bilirubin
Waste
22. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Capillaries
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
hemostasis
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
23. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
ABO blood group
Frank - Starling Effect
Baroreceptors
24. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
varicose veins
systolic blood pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
25. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Coronary veins
amino acids and glucose
bilirubin
Waste
26. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
pulmonary circulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Platelet fxn
Repolarization of nodes
27. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
fats
bilirubin
eosinophil
serum
28. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
Na leak channels
amino acids and glucose
macrophage
29. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
2 components of antigens
bone marrow
nutrients
resistance
30. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
basophil
pulse pressure
Erythrocytes
31. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
valves
Sympathetic regulation of heart
WBC
Erythropoetin
32. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
megakaryocytes
heart rate
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Ca channels
33. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
diastolic blood pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
bilirubin
34. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
WBC
Platelet fxn
neutrophil
Vagal Signal
35. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Erythrocytes
SA node
Granulocytes
Portal systems
36. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Erythrocytes
Inflammation
hypoxia
37. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Sickle cell anemia
adrenergic tone
high osmolarity of tissues
38. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Inflammation
basophil
Vagal Signal
Hemoglobin
39. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
eosinophil
Fxn of circulatory system
fibrin
40. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
nutrients
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
WBC
Sympathetic regulation of heart
41. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
tricuspid valve
Valves of the venous system
2 components of antigens
Sickle cell anemia
42. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
bone marrow
Cardiac muscle cells
fibrinogen
systolic blood pressure
43. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Lipoproteins
Erythrocytes
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
44. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
local autoregulation
venous return
SA node
bone marrow
45. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
high osmolarity of tissues
heart rate
heart
Coronary arteries
46. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
bilirubin
ventricles
pulse pressure
Glucose
47. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
capillaries
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
atrioventricular valves
48. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
hypoxia
systolic blood pressure
Bundle of His
49. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
Relaxed
adipocytes
diastolic blood pressure
50. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
oncotic pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Functional syncytium
Ischemia