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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
bilirubin
Capillaries
basophil
Internodal tract
2. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Relaxed
systemic arterial blood pressure
atrioventricular valves
oncotic pressure
3. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Ischemia
2 components of antigens
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
4. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
venous return
bilirubin
Frank - Starling Effect
5. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
systolic blood pressure
Waste
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
6. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Thrombus
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Waste
Bundle of His
7. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
basophil
Glucose
Erythrocytes
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
8. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
pulse pressure
venous return
Slow Ca channels
Internodal tract
9. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
pulse pressure
Repolarization of nodes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
stroke volume
10. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Systole
Platelet fxn
high osmolarity of tissues
Sympathetic regulation of heart
11. Universal donor
Thrombus
bicuspid (mitral) valve
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
adipocytes
12. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
nutrients
fibrin
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
amino acids and glucose
13. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Na leak channels
heart
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Ca channels
14. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Diastole
Vagal Signal
systolic blood pressure
15. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Bundle of His
Hemoglobin
Hepatic portal vein
16. Number of systole contractions per unit time
venous blood pressure
heart rate
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
SA node
17. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Frank - Starling Effect
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
18. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Baroreceptors
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Rh blood group
Portal systems
19. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
veins
Spleen and liver
serum
hemophilia
20. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Portal systems
Baroreceptors
fats
bone marrow
21. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Granulocytes
heart
megakaryocytes
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
22. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Baroreceptors
Glucose
pulmonary circulation
Peripheral resistance
23. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
eosinophil
Blood plasma
24. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Diastole
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
adrenergic tone
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
25. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
Right atrium
bone marrow
neutrophil
26. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
Na leak channels
Vagal Signal
systemic arterial blood pressure
27. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
atrioventricular valves
venous return
hemostasis
28. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Coronary arteries
Slow Ca channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
29. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
Na leak channels
Rh blood group
eosinophil
30. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
hemostasis
Ischemia
Ca channels
31. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
nutrients
Perfusion
Sickle cell anemia
basophil
32. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Repolarization of nodes
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
varicose veins
local autoregulation
33. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Repolarization of nodes
Fxn of circulatory system
Rh blood group
systemic arterial blood pressure
34. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
bone marrow
Functional syncytium
Inflammation
35. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
fats
Erythrocytes
nutrients
36. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
serum
eosinophil
WBC
Slow Ca channels
37. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Relaxed
Granulocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Sickle cell anemia
38. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Rh blood group
Relaxed
Waste
39. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Ischemia
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
systemic circulation
40. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
arteries
Tense
Perfusion
41. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
oncotic pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hepatic portal vein
basophil
42. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
high osmolarity of tissues
systolic blood pressure
Internodal tract
43. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atrioventricular valves
macrophage
2 components of antigens
heart
44. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
ventricles
valves
bicuspid (mitral) valve
venous return
45. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Na leak channels
oncotic pressure
atria and ventricles
46. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
megakaryocytes
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
varicose veins
Hemoglobin
47. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulse pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
48. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
arteries
heart rate
ventricles
valves
49. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
high osmolarity of tissues
systolic blood pressure
50. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
systemic circulation
Temperature or metabolic rate
varicose veins
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
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