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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Right atrium
macrophage
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Perfusion
2. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
valves
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Vagal Signal
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
3. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
serum
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
pulse pressure
4. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
Spleen and liver
stroke volume
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
5. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Functional syncytium
Hepatic portal vein
Lipoproteins
Fxn of circulatory system
6. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
hemostasis
systemic circulation
7. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Erythropoetin
megakaryocytes
Granulocytes
ABO blood group
8. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Erythrocytes
fibrinogen
Cardiac muscle cells
stroke volume
9. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Platelet fxn
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
pulse pressure
10. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
stroke volume
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
nutrients
Hemoglobin
11. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Thrombus
Ischemia
bone marrow
12. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
valves
ventricles
resistance
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
13. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Valves of the venous system
heart rate
Internodal tract
atria
14. 2 lymphocytes
neutrophil
basophil
B cells and T cells
albumin
15. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
megakaryocytes
Diastole
ABO blood group
Cardiac muscle cells
16. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ca channels
Perfusion
Hepatic portal vein
Ischemia
17. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
systolic blood pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
hemophilia
WBC
18. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ischemia
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
venous blood pressure
Ca channels
19. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
chylomicrons
Hemoglobin
resistance
20. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
basophil
Lipoproteins
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Waste
21. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
adrenergic tone
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
22. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
amino acids and glucose
varicose veins
SA node
Diastole
23. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
stroke volume
Vagal Signal
pulse pressure
Waste
24. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
pulse pressure
diastolic blood pressure
systolic blood pressure
25. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
valves
Internodal tract
Right atrium
coronary sinus
26. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
systemic circulation
Sickle cell anemia
WBC
fibrinogen
27. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
bone marrow
adrenergic tone
Cardiac muscle cells
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
28. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Hemoglobin
bilirubin
Erythrocytes
Vagal Signal
29. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
neutrophil
bilirubin
Sickle cell anemia
30. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Tense
Repolarization of nodes
pulmonary circulation
2 components of antigens
31. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Valves of the venous system
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Tense
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
32. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
Internodal tract
coronary sinus
systemic arterial blood pressure
33. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
heart rate
pulse pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
34. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
bilirubin
varicose veins
Fxn of circulatory system
35. What is the direct cause of edema?
Na leak channels
fibrin
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
B cells and T cells
36. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Platelet fxn
Ohm's law
Waste
Valves of the venous system
37. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Functional syncytium
bilirubin
heart
atrioventricular valves
38. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Diastole
heart
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
39. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
systemic circulation
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
neutrophil
fibrin
40. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Thrombus
amino acids and glucose
Erythrocytes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
41. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
SA node
Platelet fxn
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
42. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
eosinophil
basophil
adrenergic tone
43. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
hemostasis
Intercalated discs
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
local autoregulation
44. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
venous return
oncotic pressure
macrophage
45. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Ischemia
AV node
systemic arterial blood pressure
amino acids and glucose
46. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Valves of the venous system
venous blood pressure
Relaxed
cardiac output (L/min)
47. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Portal systems
pulse pressure
bicuspid (mitral) valve
48. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
venous blood pressure
systemic arterial blood pressure
oncotic pressure
49. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
Ohm's law
Tense
local autoregulation
50. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
atria and ventricles
T- tubules
fats
serum