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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
eosinophil
ventricles
atrioventricular valves
2. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Capillaries
serum
heart rate
3. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
capillaries
valves
hypoxia
tricuspid valve
4. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
B cells and T cells
pulse pressure
megakaryocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
5. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
nutrients
venous blood pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
6. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
arteries
fibrin
Rh blood group
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
7. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
ventricles
bone marrow
AV node
Fast Na channels
8. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Coronary veins
megakaryocytes
Baroreceptors
bilirubin
9. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Erythropoetin
Relaxed
arteries
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
10. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
chylomicrons
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Frank - Starling Effect
ventricles
11. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
valves
Blood plasma
Platelet fxn
Rh blood group
12. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
systemic circulation
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Platelet fxn
stroke volume
13. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Repolarization of nodes
heart rate
Hepatic portal vein
Thrombus
14. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
arteries
bone marrow
Sympathetic regulation of heart
local autoregulation
15. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
local autoregulation
Bundle of His
heart
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
16. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Right atrium
T- tubules
Frank - Starling Effect
Slow Ca channels
17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Diastole is longer
systemic circulation
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
stroke volume
18. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
atrioventricular valves
19. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
high osmolarity of tissues
heart
SA node
Intercalated discs
20. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Erythropoetin
systolic blood pressure
Erythrocytes
2 components of antigens
21. Where are RBCs broken down?
Ischemia
Spleen and liver
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
22. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
capillaries
veins
arteries
SA node
23. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Repolarization of nodes
systemic arterial blood pressure
Ohm's law
24. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
bilirubin
atrioventricular valves
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
25. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
atria
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
B cells and T cells
Systole
26. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Ca channels
atria and ventricles
valves
local autoregulation
27. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Cardiac muscle cells
Waste
macrophage
Diastole is longer
28. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
hemophilia
Ischemia
Rh blood group
local autoregulation
29. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Temperature or metabolic rate
Rh blood group
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inflammation
30. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
bicuspid (mitral) valve
resistance
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
31. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Hepatic portal vein
Coronary veins
pulmonary circulation
WBC
32. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
systemic arterial blood pressure
AV node
systemic circulation
33. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Functional syncytium
adipocytes
neutrophil
Hemoglobin
34. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Capillaries
systemic circulation
hemostasis
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
35. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
neutrophil
adipocytes
Frank - Starling Effect
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
36. When do semilunar valves close?
chylomicrons
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
hypoxia
Granulocytes
37. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Fast Na channels
high osmolarity of tissues
Right atrium
amino acids and glucose
38. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
high osmolarity of tissues
2 components of antigens
ABO blood group
Intercalated discs
39. Universal acceptor
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
fibrin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
urea
40. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
atria and ventricles
venous return
Diastole
pulse pressure
41. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
macrophage
Platelet fxn
Functional syncytium
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
42. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
arteries
coronary sinus
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Waste
43. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Fast Na channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Baroreceptors
44. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
ABO blood group
Temperature or metabolic rate
Glucose
Platelet fxn
45. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
T- tubules
basophil
46. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
systemic arterial blood pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Peripheral resistance
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
47. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
tricuspid valve
eosinophil
Ischemia
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
48. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Relaxed
Temperature or metabolic rate
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Coronary arteries
49. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
high osmolarity of tissues
Blood plasma
pulmonary circulation
Waste
50. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
urea
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
macrophage
systemic circulation