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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
serum
hemostasis
oncotic pressure
capillaries
2. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
AV node
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
tricuspid valve
3. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Diastole is longer
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Coronary arteries
coronary sinus
4. Fat storage cells of the body
Functional syncytium
adipocytes
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
amino acids and glucose
5. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
Spleen and liver
tricuspid valve
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
6. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
atrioventricular valves
varicose veins
serum
Capillaries
7. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Vagal Signal
atria
systemic circulation
8. When do semilunar valves close?
atria
oncotic pressure
Rh blood group
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
9. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
pulse pressure
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
T- tubules
hemophilia
10. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
fibrin
hypoxia
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
chylomicrons
11. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
nutrients
fibrin
Erythrocytes
venous blood pressure
12. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
diastolic blood pressure
systemic circulation
Glucose
oncotic pressure
13. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
oncotic pressure
Spleen and liver
resistance
urea
14. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
serum
chylomicrons
Sickle cell anemia
15. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Fxn of circulatory system
Coronary arteries
Repolarization of nodes
16. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Bundle of His
Diastole
Systole
Lipoproteins
17. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Ohm's law
macrophage
venous blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
18. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Functional syncytium
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
19. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
adrenergic tone
B cells and T cells
WBC
20. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
diastolic blood pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Inflammation
B cells and T cells
21. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
urea
arteries
bicuspid (mitral) valve
22. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Coronary veins
fibrin
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
23. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
eosinophil
Relaxed
Hepatic portal vein
heart
24. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
atrioventricular valves
diastolic blood pressure
fibrin
25. 2 lymphocytes
Internodal tract
Hepatic portal vein
B cells and T cells
nutrients
26. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
resistance
Repolarization of nodes
varicose veins
Waste
27. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
hypoxia
Bundle of His
adrenergic tone
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
28. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
cardiac output (L/min)
2 components of antigens
atria
29. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
tricuspid valve
hypoxia
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
cardiac output (L/min)
30. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
systolic blood pressure
Systole
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
macrophage
31. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
atria
hemophilia
Hepatic portal vein
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
32. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
Baroreceptors
SA node
pulse pressure
33. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Right atrium
Ischemia
Rh blood group
adrenergic tone
34. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Coronary arteries
fats
adipocytes
Platelet fxn
35. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
local autoregulation
oncotic pressure
Functional syncytium
36. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Coronary veins
Temperature or metabolic rate
atria
37. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
fibrin
chylomicrons
Temperature or metabolic rate
38. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Portal systems
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
varicose veins
macrophage
39. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Sympathetic regulation of heart
varicose veins
basophil
bicuspid (mitral) valve
40. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Erythrocytes
Portal systems
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
coronary sinus
41. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Erythropoetin
Right atrium
Baroreceptors
42. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Frank - Starling Effect
Fxn of circulatory system
bone marrow
cardiac output (L/min)
43. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Vagal Signal
Granulocytes
Bundle of His
44. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
pulmonary circulation
basophil
Systole
Relaxed
45. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Capillaries
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
high osmolarity of tissues
46. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
Relaxed
capillaries
Sickle cell anemia
47. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Diastole is longer
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hepatic portal vein
atrioventricular valves
48. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Capillaries
Fast Na channels
2 components of antigens
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
49. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
ABO blood group
pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Platelet fxn
50. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
varicose veins
Na leak channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
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