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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






2. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






3. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






4. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






5. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






6. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






7. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






8. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






9. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






10. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






11. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






12. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






13. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






14. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






15. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






16. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






17. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






18. Number of systole contractions per unit time






19. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






20. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






21. 2 ways to increase venous return






22. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






23. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






24. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






25. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






26. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






27. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






28. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






29. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






30. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






31. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






32. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






33. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






34. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






35. Where are RBCs broken down?






36. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






37. 2 portal systems to know






38. Flow of blood through a tissue






39. Universal acceptor






40. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






41. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






43. Fat storage cells of the body






44. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






45. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






46. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






47. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






48. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






49. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






50. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries