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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
diastolic blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
valves
stroke volume
2. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
diastolic blood pressure
atria and ventricles
Inflammation
amino acids and glucose
3. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
pulmonary circulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
4. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
basophil
Waste
Erythropoetin
Diastole is longer
5. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Baroreceptors
Blood plasma
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
eosinophil
6. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
Platelet fxn
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Repolarization of nodes
7. Flow of blood through a tissue
Glucose
Intercalated discs
Perfusion
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
8. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Cardiac muscle cells
Relaxed
atria and ventricles
Spleen and liver
9. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
adrenergic tone
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients
Diastole
10. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Blood plasma
Portal systems
11. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
AV node
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Peripheral resistance
12. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
tricuspid valve
varicose veins
systemic circulation
13. 2 lymphocytes
atria
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Portal systems
B cells and T cells
14. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Slow Ca channels
capillaries
Rh blood group
15. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
coronary sinus
capillaries
Erythrocytes
16. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Hemoglobin
bilirubin
Valves of the venous system
Functional syncytium
17. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Inflammation
Repolarization of nodes
Diastole
atrioventricular valves
18. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Baroreceptors
Intercalated discs
arteries
Right atrium
19. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
diastolic blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
basophil
Slow Ca channels
20. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
valves
nutrients
systemic circulation
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
21. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
venous return
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
cardiac output (L/min)
adrenergic tone
22. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
bilirubin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
atrioventricular valves
nutrients
23. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Right atrium
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
basophil
B cells and T cells
24. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
ventricles
Na leak channels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
25. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
bicuspid (mitral) valve
heart
Tense
Fxn of circulatory system
26. Fat storage cells of the body
Ohm's law
Platelet fxn
B cells and T cells
adipocytes
27. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
local autoregulation
2 components of antigens
Ca channels
Fxn of circulatory system
28. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
atrioventricular valves
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
atria and ventricles
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
29. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
urea
basophil
Fxn of circulatory system
30. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
ventricles
atria and ventricles
systolic blood pressure
Inflammation
31. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
venous blood pressure
fats
capillaries
32. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
macrophage
venous blood pressure
Fast Na channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
33. 2 portal systems to know
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
hypoxia
diastolic blood pressure
34. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
venous blood pressure
Ischemia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
35. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
fibrinogen
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
36. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Blood plasma
diastolic blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
heart rate
37. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart rate
basophil
Waste
38. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Diastole is longer
39. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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40. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
atrioventricular valves
Cardiac muscle cells
chylomicrons
AV node
41. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
eosinophil
varicose veins
ABO blood group
Capillaries
42. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
AV node
Right atrium
ventricles
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
43. When do semilunar valves close?
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Ohm's law
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
pulmonary circulation
44. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
2 components of antigens
fibrinogen
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Coronary arteries
45. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
veins
WBC
Temperature or metabolic rate
Ohm's law
46. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
venous blood pressure
Blood plasma
bicuspid (mitral) valve
valves
47. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
valves
B cells and T cells
Hemoglobin
48. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
veins
pulmonary circulation
chylomicrons
Ischemia
49. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
varicose veins
Hepatic portal vein
50. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Ischemia
chylomicrons
tricuspid valve
fibrin
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