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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
venous return
ventricles
Cardiac muscle cells
2. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
ventricles
Coronary veins
pulmonary circulation
venous return
3. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
venous return
Platelet fxn
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
4. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Diastole
Ohm's law
Ca channels
Glucose
5. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
chylomicrons
high osmolarity of tissues
Temperature or metabolic rate
6. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Capillaries
WBC
T- tubules
ABO blood group
7. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
8. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
nutrients
Fxn of circulatory system
Coronary arteries
pulmonary circulation
9. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
atria
Blood plasma
Sympathetic regulation of heart
10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
oncotic pressure
Perfusion
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Functional syncytium
11. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Blood plasma
ABO blood group
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
12. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
urea
Blood plasma
Hepatic portal vein
basophil
13. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
arteries
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Fast Na channels
Internodal tract
14. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
bone marrow
pulmonary circulation
Granulocytes
Functional syncytium
15. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Blood plasma
Ohm's law
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Cardiac muscle cells
16. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Functional syncytium
tricuspid valve
17. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Valves of the venous system
chylomicrons
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
bilirubin
18. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
local autoregulation
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Thrombus
Coronary arteries
19. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
atria and ventricles
tricuspid valve
Diastole
diastolic blood pressure
20. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
2 components of antigens
AV node
systemic arterial blood pressure
capillaries
21. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
fats
adrenergic tone
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
22. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
heart rate
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
local autoregulation
T- tubules
23. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Waste
Repolarization of nodes
heart rate
atria
24. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
pulmonary circulation
venous blood pressure
Hepatic portal vein
Thrombus
25. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
systemic arterial blood pressure
hypoxia
Granulocytes
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
26. 2 lymphocytes
cardiac output (L/min)
heart
B cells and T cells
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
27. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Granulocytes
Slow Ca channels
Frank - Starling Effect
veins
28. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
heart rate
fats
serum
Ca channels
29. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
resistance
chylomicrons
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
pulse pressure
30. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Sickle cell anemia
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Na leak channels
systemic arterial blood pressure
31. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
SA node
local autoregulation
WBC
Waste
32. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
fats
diastolic blood pressure
atria
33. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
SA node
nutrients
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Internodal tract
34. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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35. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
macrophage
pulmonary circulation
high osmolarity of tissues
adrenergic tone
36. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
atria and ventricles
basophil
stroke volume
37. 2 chambers of the heart
amino acids and glucose
arteries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
atria and ventricles
38. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
veins
Temperature or metabolic rate
coronary sinus
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
39. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
Systole
urea
Portal systems
40. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
hemostasis
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Granulocytes
ABO blood group
41. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Intercalated discs
Right atrium
42. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
SA node
43. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Functional syncytium
nutrients
Lipoproteins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
44. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Intercalated discs
high osmolarity of tissues
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
ventricles
45. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Fxn of circulatory system
valves
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
46. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
cardiac output (L/min)
Lipoproteins
Hepatic portal vein
47. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Ohm's law
ABO blood group
Perfusion
48. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
WBC
Spleen and liver
Coronary veins
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
49. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
systemic circulation
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Fast Na channels
Diastole
50. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
Fast Na channels
T- tubules
B cells and T cells