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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






2. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






3. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






4. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






5. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






6. Where are RBCs broken down?






7. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






8. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






9. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






11. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






12. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






13. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






14. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






15. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






16. Purpose of erythrocytes?






17. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






18. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






19. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






20. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






21. 2 ways to increase venous return






22. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






23. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






24. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






25. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






26. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






27. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






28. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






29. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






30. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






31. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






32. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






33. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






34. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






35. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






36. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






37. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






38. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






39. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






40. When do Rh antibodies develop?






41. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






42. What is the direct cause of edema?






43. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






44. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






45. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






46. Flow of blood through a tissue






47. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






48. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






49. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






50. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells