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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart rate
ABO blood group
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Hemoglobin
2. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Systole
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
3. What is the direct cause of edema?
heart rate
ventricles
T- tubules
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
4. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Portal systems
Temperature or metabolic rate
eosinophil
systolic blood pressure
5. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
high osmolarity of tissues
Temperature or metabolic rate
T- tubules
Diastole is longer
6. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
hemophilia
ABO blood group
megakaryocytes
Bundle of His
7. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
amino acids and glucose
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Baroreceptors
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
8. 2 lymphocytes
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
B cells and T cells
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Inflammation
9. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Na leak channels
ventricles
Hemoglobin
heart
10. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
valves
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
venous return
neutrophil
11. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Erythrocytes
ventricles
12. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Systole
fibrinogen
Waste
Sympathetic regulation of heart
13. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
bone marrow
megakaryocytes
2 components of antigens
14. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
amino acids and glucose
ventricles
Sickle cell anemia
15. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Valves of the venous system
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Internodal tract
Temperature or metabolic rate
16. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
cardiac output (L/min)
stroke volume
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
17. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
adrenergic tone
Erythrocytes
B cells and T cells
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
18. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
Spleen and liver
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Portal systems
19. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
cardiac output (L/min)
hypoxia
systemic arterial blood pressure
20. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Ohm's law
venous blood pressure
Repolarization of nodes
Slow Ca channels
21. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
tricuspid valve
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
AV node
22. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
Temperature or metabolic rate
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
23. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
chylomicrons
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
pulse pressure
24. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Coronary arteries
heart
diastolic blood pressure
25. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulmonary circulation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Ohm's law
26. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Cardiac muscle cells
bone marrow
hypoxia
Valves of the venous system
27. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
T- tubules
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
venous return
heart
28. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Vagal Signal
Glucose
coronary sinus
Ca channels
29. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
cardiac output (L/min)
hemostasis
atria and ventricles
serum
30. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
hemostasis
WBC
systemic arterial blood pressure
31. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
heart
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
heart rate
Temperature or metabolic rate
32. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
systolic blood pressure
Na leak channels
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
33. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Erythrocytes
chylomicrons
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Diastole is longer
34. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Fast Na channels
Valves of the venous system
Coronary arteries
SA node
35. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Cardiac muscle cells
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Baroreceptors
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
36. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Relaxed
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
fibrin
37. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemophilia
macrophage
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Spleen and liver
38. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Baroreceptors
Erythrocytes
capillaries
AV node
39. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
hemophilia
Temperature or metabolic rate
Spleen and liver
oncotic pressure
40. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
bone marrow
Ca channels
Inflammation
41. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Lipoproteins
adrenergic tone
fibrinogen
coronary sinus
42. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Functional syncytium
arteries
valves
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
43. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
fats
Hemoglobin
hemophilia
44. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Cardiac muscle cells
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
ABO blood group
Lipoproteins
45. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Tense
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Systole
46. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
capillaries
venous return
Coronary veins
resistance
47. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Perfusion
local autoregulation
WBC
48. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
urea
Peripheral resistance
Inflammation
T- tubules
49. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
Valves of the venous system
Baroreceptors
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
50. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
macrophage
veins
Blood plasma
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