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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






2. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






3. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






4. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






5. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






6. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






7. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






8. 2 ways to increase venous return






9. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






10. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






11. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






12. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






13. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






14. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






15. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






16. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






17. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






18. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






19. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






20. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






21. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






22. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






23. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






24. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






25. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






26. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






27. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






28. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






29. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






30. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






31. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






32. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






33. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






34. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






35. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






36. Purpose of erythrocytes?






37. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






38. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






39. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






40. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






41. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






42. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






43. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






44. 2 lymphocytes






45. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






46. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






47. Where are RBCs broken down?






48. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






49. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






50. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells







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