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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
atrioventricular valves
Slow Ca channels
amino acids and glucose
Systole
2. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
T- tubules
amino acids and glucose
serum
adipocytes
3. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
systemic arterial blood pressure
Na leak channels
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Systole
4. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart
Na leak channels
neutrophil
5. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
venous blood pressure
Hepatic portal vein
Valves of the venous system
B cells and T cells
6. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
pulse pressure
Diastole
fibrinogen
7. Where are RBCs broken down?
valves
Waste
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Spleen and liver
8. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
chylomicrons
Coronary arteries
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
9. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Fast Na channels
Slow Ca channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
atria
10. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
11. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Glucose
Functional syncytium
Ohm's law
Bundle of His
12. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
eosinophil
Tense
Diastole is longer
venous blood pressure
13. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Platelet fxn
urea
resistance
veins
14. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
B cells and T cells
WBC
fibrin
15. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
megakaryocytes
ventricles
Relaxed
16. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
arteries
nutrients
Inflammation
ABO blood group
17. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
systolic blood pressure
Frank - Starling Effect
Na leak channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
18. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Temperature or metabolic rate
adipocytes
Erythrocytes
19. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
systolic blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Ca channels
Inflammation
20. 2 lymphocytes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
B cells and T cells
local autoregulation
serum
21. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Glucose
chylomicrons
basophil
22. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
hemostasis
Bundle of His
fats
bone marrow
23. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
valves
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
coronary sinus
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
24. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
local autoregulation
tricuspid valve
urea
Vagal Signal
25. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
bilirubin
heart
Spleen and liver
26. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
stroke volume
B cells and T cells
Rh blood group
27. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Intercalated discs
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
28. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
ventricles
valves
Waste
Right atrium
29. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
nutrients
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Right atrium
stroke volume
30. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
tricuspid valve
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
hemophilia
Erythrocytes
31. Number of systole contractions per unit time
systemic arterial blood pressure
heart rate
tricuspid valve
Bundle of His
32. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Peripheral resistance
Fast Na channels
Blood plasma
Glucose
33. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Vagal Signal
nutrients
macrophage
atria
34. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Blood plasma
Functional syncytium
35. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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36. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Intercalated discs
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Repolarization of nodes
37. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
fibrinogen
Coronary veins
Intercalated discs
Fast Na channels
38. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Vagal Signal
fats
Glucose
39. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Ischemia
40. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
oncotic pressure
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Ohm's law
41. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
veins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Platelet fxn
42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
bilirubin
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Intercalated discs
43. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
cardiac output (L/min)
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
diastolic blood pressure
megakaryocytes
44. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Diastole is longer
Tense
oncotic pressure
WBC
45. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Coronary veins
varicose veins
Systole
Relaxed
46. Flow of blood through a tissue
Ischemia
Perfusion
cardiac output (L/min)
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
47. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
macrophage
hypoxia
systemic arterial blood pressure
48. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
2 components of antigens
chylomicrons
Blood plasma
49. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Intercalated discs
Diastole is longer
50. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Fxn of circulatory system
SA node
pulse pressure
cardiac output (L/min)