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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Sickle cell anemia
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Ohm's law
2. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
systemic arterial blood pressure
T- tubules
amino acids and glucose
3. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
fibrinogen
valves
coronary sinus
Slow Ca channels
4. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
ABO blood group
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
eosinophil
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
5. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
adipocytes
varicose veins
T- tubules
heart rate
6. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Ischemia
veins
urea
AV node
7. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Peripheral resistance
Baroreceptors
WBC
nutrients
8. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
Coronary veins
bilirubin
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
9. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
AV node
Right atrium
adipocytes
pulmonary circulation
10. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
ventricles
Slow Ca channels
systemic circulation
11. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
high osmolarity of tissues
amino acids and glucose
ABO blood group
Cardiac muscle cells
12. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
venous return
AV node
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
13. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Relaxed
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
SA node
chylomicrons
14. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
Relaxed
Internodal tract
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
15. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
adipocytes
ABO blood group
veins
16. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
2 components of antigens
Hemoglobin
17. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
megakaryocytes
Temperature or metabolic rate
18. Number of systole contractions per unit time
venous return
heart rate
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
WBC
19. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
systolic blood pressure
Spleen and liver
Sickle cell anemia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
20. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Thrombus
Diastole
fibrinogen
high osmolarity of tissues
21. 2 ways to increase venous return
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
urea
22. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
megakaryocytes
varicose veins
basophil
bone marrow
23. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Baroreceptors
tricuspid valve
varicose veins
venous blood pressure
24. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Ischemia
resistance
25. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
adipocytes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
venous return
Coronary veins
26. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Capillaries
Fxn of circulatory system
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
27. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
venous return
valves
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Sympathetic regulation of heart
28. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
hemostasis
Systole
macrophage
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
29. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Erythropoetin
Functional syncytium
cardiac output (L/min)
resistance
30. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Erythrocytes
eosinophil
pulse pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
31. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
venous return
ABO blood group
Internodal tract
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
32. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
amino acids and glucose
Functional syncytium
oncotic pressure
fats
33. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
amino acids and glucose
fibrin
Inflammation
34. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
pulse pressure
Fast Na channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
albumin
35. Where are RBCs broken down?
WBC
megakaryocytes
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Spleen and liver
36. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
atria and ventricles
Inflammation
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
37. 2 portal systems to know
atria and ventricles
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
basophil
hemophilia
38. Flow of blood through a tissue
Temperature or metabolic rate
Capillaries
heart rate
Perfusion
39. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Frank - Starling Effect
Erythropoetin
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
40. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
serum
chylomicrons
AV node
41. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Peripheral resistance
Internodal tract
high osmolarity of tissues
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
systemic arterial blood pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
hemostasis
43. Fat storage cells of the body
atria and ventricles
SA node
adipocytes
Spleen and liver
44. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
valves
neutrophil
stroke volume
nutrients
45. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Baroreceptors
Lipoproteins
Right atrium
Coronary arteries
46. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
basophil
Perfusion
valves
47. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
arteries
bone marrow
neutrophil
48. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Inflammation
Portal systems
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
49. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Fxn of circulatory system
atria
arteries
local autoregulation
50. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
fibrinogen
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
ventricles
pulse pressure