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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






2. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






3. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






4. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






5. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






6. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






7. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






8. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






9. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






10. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






11. Universal acceptor






12. 2 portal systems to know






13. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






14. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






15. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






16. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






17. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






18. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






19. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






20. Purpose of erythrocytes?






21. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






22. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






23. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






24. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






25. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






26. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






27. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






28. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






29. 2 chambers of the heart






30. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






31. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






32. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






33. Fat storage cells of the body






34. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






35. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






36. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






37. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






38. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






39. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






40. Flow of blood through a tissue






41. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






42. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






43. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






44. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






45. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






46. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






47. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






48. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






49. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






50. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy