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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
cardiac output (L/min)
Coronary arteries
Coronary veins
bone marrow
2. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
venous blood pressure
nutrients
systemic arterial blood pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
3. 2 lymphocytes
tricuspid valve
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
B cells and T cells
4. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Coronary arteries
systolic blood pressure
urea
5. 2 chambers of the heart
systemic arterial blood pressure
atria and ventricles
cardiac output (L/min)
Hepatic portal vein
6. What is the direct cause of edema?
eosinophil
Fast Na channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
7. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
Internodal tract
Erythropoetin
Blood plasma
8. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Portal systems
valves
Diastole
9. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
fibrin
macrophage
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Thrombus
10. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Erythrocytes
heart
Portal systems
11. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
resistance
systemic arterial blood pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
12. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Hepatic portal vein
pulmonary circulation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
venous blood pressure
13. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Blood plasma
Ischemia
hemophilia
valves
14. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
urea
Spleen and liver
systemic arterial blood pressure
15. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
oncotic pressure
Thrombus
WBC
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
16. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Portal systems
ventricles
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Platelet fxn
17. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Fxn of circulatory system
serum
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
fibrinogen
18. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
diastolic blood pressure
Sickle cell anemia
stroke volume
19. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
Repolarization of nodes
adipocytes
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
20. Flow of blood through a tissue
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
hypoxia
fibrinogen
Perfusion
21. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
fibrin
Diastole is longer
Cardiac muscle cells
amino acids and glucose
22. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
B cells and T cells
Frank - Starling Effect
venous blood pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
23. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Waste
Diastole is longer
oncotic pressure
Erythrocytes
24. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Temperature or metabolic rate
systemic circulation
fibrinogen
25. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Bundle of His
Sickle cell anemia
Coronary veins
atrioventricular valves
26. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
Spleen and liver
Slow Ca channels
varicose veins
27. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
Lipoproteins
Valves of the venous system
WBC
28. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
systemic circulation
Waste
coronary sinus
Fast Na channels
29. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
albumin
ABO blood group
Diastole is longer
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
30. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
arteries
nutrients
tricuspid valve
systolic blood pressure
31. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Inflammation
eosinophil
neutrophil
32. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
bone marrow
Internodal tract
Erythrocytes
adrenergic tone
33. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
high osmolarity of tissues
T- tubules
Perfusion
34. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
Thrombus
Hemoglobin
35. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
capillaries
Diastole
hemostasis
fats
36. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Rh blood group
Cardiac muscle cells
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
37. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
urea
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fibrinogen
Functional syncytium
38. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
AV node
Ischemia
ventricles
macrophage
39. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Vagal Signal
Erythropoetin
cardiac output (L/min)
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
40. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Ohm's law
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
41. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
venous blood pressure
WBC
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
42. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
Diastole
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
B cells and T cells
43. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
2 components of antigens
Diastole
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Erythropoetin
44. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Sickle cell anemia
Temperature or metabolic rate
megakaryocytes
Baroreceptors
45. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
capillaries
ABO blood group
varicose veins
Frank - Starling Effect
46. 2 ways to increase venous return
capillaries
Functional syncytium
SA node
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
47. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
hemophilia
SA node
veins
venous blood pressure
48. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
heart
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Intercalated discs
Repolarization of nodes
49. Fat storage cells of the body
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Slow Ca channels
Hepatic portal vein
adipocytes
50. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Repolarization of nodes
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Capillaries
ABO blood group