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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
adipocytes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
neutrophil
2. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Frank - Starling Effect
Baroreceptors
Vagal Signal
megakaryocytes
3. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
Diastole
Lipoproteins
bilirubin
4. When do semilunar valves close?
Capillaries
high osmolarity of tissues
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
5. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fats
Tense
Diastole is longer
6. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
fibrinogen
atria and ventricles
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Fast Na channels
7. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
resistance
Relaxed
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
8. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
neutrophil
Erythropoetin
Diastole is longer
9. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
Baroreceptors
amino acids and glucose
capillaries
10. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
nutrients
Glucose
urea
amino acids and glucose
11. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
albumin
Waste
Inflammation
12. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
urea
systemic circulation
megakaryocytes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
13. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
coronary sinus
Granulocytes
fibrinogen
14. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
venous blood pressure
Spleen and liver
15. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart rate
Spleen and liver
Perfusion
veins
16. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Lipoproteins
Frank - Starling Effect
varicose veins
Ca channels
17. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
B cells and T cells
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
18. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Spleen and liver
atria and ventricles
19. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Internodal tract
Cardiac muscle cells
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
arteries
20. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
B cells and T cells
varicose veins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
21. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atrioventricular valves
fibrin
Relaxed
local autoregulation
22. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Internodal tract
resistance
eosinophil
chylomicrons
23. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
adipocytes
venous blood pressure
Platelet fxn
24. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Na leak channels
local autoregulation
high osmolarity of tissues
25. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Glucose
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Rh blood group
26. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Inflammation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
chylomicrons
eosinophil
27. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Coronary veins
Waste
28. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
bicuspid (mitral) valve
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
T- tubules
Valves of the venous system
29. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
hemophilia
Bundle of His
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
30. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Repolarization of nodes
systolic blood pressure
Waste
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
31. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
eosinophil
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Right atrium
32. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Coronary veins
Peripheral resistance
Temperature or metabolic rate
basophil
33. 2 chambers of the heart
Ca channels
resistance
atria and ventricles
SA node
34. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Na leak channels
atrioventricular valves
Bundle of His
35. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Intercalated discs
oncotic pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
bone marrow
36. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Diastole is longer
basophil
WBC
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
37. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
albumin
atria
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Cardiac muscle cells
38. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Inflammation
coronary sinus
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
39. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
Sickle cell anemia
adipocytes
Internodal tract
40. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
systemic circulation
AV node
serum
41. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
atrioventricular valves
pulmonary circulation
42. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
tricuspid valve
Portal systems
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
pulmonary circulation
43. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Spleen and liver
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
44. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
nutrients
eosinophil
bone marrow
45. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Vagal Signal
tricuspid valve
eosinophil
46. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
capillaries
Waste
Sickle cell anemia
atria
47. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
high osmolarity of tissues
basophil
oncotic pressure
Lipoproteins
48. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Vagal Signal
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Functional syncytium
Rh blood group
49. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Repolarization of nodes
Rh blood group
urea
50. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
ABO blood group
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum