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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
stroke volume
Right atrium
eosinophil
bilirubin
2. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
AV node
macrophage
Slow Ca channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
3. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
tricuspid valve
Cardiac muscle cells
adipocytes
Coronary arteries
4. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
local autoregulation
Platelet fxn
bone marrow
5. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
systemic arterial blood pressure
venous return
chylomicrons
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
6. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Erythropoetin
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Functional syncytium
macrophage
7. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Inflammation
adrenergic tone
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
8. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Rh blood group
Fast Na channels
Baroreceptors
bone marrow
9. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Inflammation
hypoxia
SA node
10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Right atrium
Waste
11. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
nutrients
Vagal Signal
Sickle cell anemia
fibrin
12. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
stroke volume
Coronary arteries
bilirubin
13. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
serum
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Sickle cell anemia
14. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hemostasis
valves
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
15. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
T- tubules
urea
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
16. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
hypoxia
capillaries
bone marrow
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
17. 2 chambers of the heart
hemostasis
Internodal tract
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
atria and ventricles
18. What is the direct cause of edema?
SA node
Valves of the venous system
coronary sinus
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
19. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
resistance
hemophilia
Na leak channels
20. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
atrioventricular valves
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
urea
21. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
arteries
valves
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
22. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
albumin
Temperature or metabolic rate
megakaryocytes
Rh blood group
23. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
hemophilia
Ca channels
Erythropoetin
basophil
24. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Slow Ca channels
pulmonary circulation
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Systole
25. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Functional syncytium
hypoxia
Baroreceptors
26. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Inflammation
SA node
Ca channels
heart rate
27. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
diastolic blood pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
macrophage
Na leak channels
28. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
basophil
Coronary veins
Intercalated discs
serum
29. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
hemostasis
heart
2 components of antigens
Granulocytes
30. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Capillaries
31. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
oncotic pressure
Vagal Signal
Diastole
bilirubin
32. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
atria
Internodal tract
Baroreceptors
33. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
atrioventricular valves
Diastole is longer
Intercalated discs
34. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
coronary sinus
capillaries
atria
fats
35. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Coronary veins
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Granulocytes
36. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
Diastole
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
T- tubules
37. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
albumin
veins
Ca channels
38. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
atria and ventricles
Ohm's law
39. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
fats
Bundle of His
high osmolarity of tissues
40. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
ABO blood group
hypoxia
Erythropoetin
bicuspid (mitral) valve
41. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
Hemoglobin
adrenergic tone
resistance
42. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Erythropoetin
Glucose
Ca channels
adrenergic tone
43. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Blood plasma
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
44. Universal donor
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Platelet fxn
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Cardiac muscle cells
45. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
tricuspid valve
Repolarization of nodes
fibrinogen
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
46. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
pulmonary circulation
Bundle of His
fats
SA node
47. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Internodal tract
Vagal Signal
bone marrow
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
48. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
neutrophil
49. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
resistance
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
AV node
50. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Lipoproteins
fats
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
veins
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