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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Coronary arteries
Spleen and liver
2. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Right atrium
Diastole
3. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
eosinophil
amino acids and glucose
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
4. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
veins
arteries
heart
5. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Sickle cell anemia
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
albumin
systolic blood pressure
6. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
urea
pulse pressure
bilirubin
Erythropoetin
7. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
systolic blood pressure
Relaxed
hypoxia
bone marrow
8. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Bundle of His
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
local autoregulation
Ohm's law
9. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Granulocytes
Thrombus
tricuspid valve
Ohm's law
10. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
B cells and T cells
chylomicrons
heart rate
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
11. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
pulse pressure
atria
varicose veins
systemic circulation
12. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
atria and ventricles
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
hypoxia
Relaxed
13. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Bundle of His
Coronary arteries
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
eosinophil
14. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
neutrophil
albumin
Sickle cell anemia
macrophage
15. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
SA node
Vagal Signal
Valves of the venous system
16. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Coronary veins
Slow Ca channels
Sickle cell anemia
17. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Thrombus
hemostasis
Frank - Starling Effect
WBC
18. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
diastolic blood pressure
valves
Portal systems
19. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Peripheral resistance
Baroreceptors
megakaryocytes
20. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
hemostasis
Blood plasma
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Fxn of circulatory system
21. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
heart rate
tricuspid valve
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
22. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Granulocytes
Internodal tract
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
23. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
stroke volume
local autoregulation
venous return
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
24. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Fast Na channels
Relaxed
25. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
hemophilia
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
fibrinogen
26. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
systolic blood pressure
hemostasis
Coronary arteries
fats
27. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
B cells and T cells
Ischemia
megakaryocytes
Sympathetic regulation of heart
28. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
neutrophil
Platelet fxn
Systole
Relaxed
29. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Rh blood group
Valves of the venous system
2 components of antigens
fats
30. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
hemostasis
Erythropoetin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
SA node
31. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
diastolic blood pressure
neutrophil
atria
32. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
stroke volume
Hepatic portal vein
bilirubin
WBC
33. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
coronary sinus
Waste
WBC
34. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
Lipoproteins
Baroreceptors
pulmonary circulation
35. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Fxn of circulatory system
amino acids and glucose
ABO blood group
Cardiac muscle cells
36. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
macrophage
coronary sinus
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
37. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Hemoglobin
neutrophil
Platelet fxn
megakaryocytes
38. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
varicose veins
T- tubules
systemic arterial blood pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
39. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Repolarization of nodes
Hemoglobin
Valves of the venous system
serum
40. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
cardiac output (L/min)
hemophilia
Repolarization of nodes
41. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
ventricles
Fast Na channels
Diastole is longer
2 components of antigens
42. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
serum
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
SA node
43. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
serum
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
bilirubin
44. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Right atrium
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Thrombus
megakaryocytes
45. 2 chambers of the heart
Na leak channels
venous blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
atria and ventricles
46. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Sickle cell anemia
fibrin
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
basophil
47. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Erythrocytes
Functional syncytium
neutrophil
heart rate
48. 2 lymphocytes
Tense
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
B cells and T cells
hypoxia
49. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Na leak channels
amino acids and glucose
Internodal tract
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
50. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
cardiac output (L/min)
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
fibrin
atria