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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






2. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






3. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






4. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






5. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






6. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






7. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






8. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






9. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






10. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






11. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






12. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






13. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






14. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






15. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






16. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






17. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






18. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






19. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






20. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






21. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






22. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






23. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






24. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






25. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






26. 2 ways to increase venous return






27. Flow of blood through a tissue






28. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






29. 2 lymphocytes






30. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






31. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






32. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






33. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






34. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






35. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






36. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






37. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






38. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






39. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






40. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






41. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






42. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






43. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






44. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






45. Purpose of erythrocytes?






46. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






47. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






48. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






49. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






50. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition