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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
WBC
arteries
2. Number of systole contractions per unit time
capillaries
Inflammation
heart rate
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
3. Fat storage cells of the body
Hemoglobin
Sympathetic regulation of heart
adipocytes
Diastole
4. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
coronary sinus
Internodal tract
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
hemostasis
5. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
fibrin
Erythropoetin
6. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
nutrients
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
neutrophil
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
7. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Vagal Signal
veins
adrenergic tone
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
8. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Tense
veins
pulse pressure
Hemoglobin
9. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
heart
Erythrocytes
arteries
10. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
systemic arterial blood pressure
Thrombus
eosinophil
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
11. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Relaxed
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
venous return
Peripheral resistance
12. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
coronary sinus
Cardiac muscle cells
Right atrium
Perfusion
13. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Cardiac muscle cells
Platelet fxn
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Thrombus
14. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
valves
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Diastole
15. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
serum
ABO blood group
macrophage
Repolarization of nodes
16. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
oncotic pressure
17. Purpose of erythrocytes?
hemophilia
Spleen and liver
resistance
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
18. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Valves of the venous system
Coronary veins
veins
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
19. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
tricuspid valve
SA node
veins
Lipoproteins
20. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
Thrombus
macrophage
fibrin
21. What is the direct cause of edema?
Baroreceptors
adipocytes
stroke volume
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
22. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
serum
Relaxed
Portal systems
Hemoglobin
23. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
chylomicrons
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
heart
fibrin
24. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Valves of the venous system
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Blood plasma
25. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Frank - Starling Effect
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
capillaries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
26. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Waste
Relaxed
Diastole is longer
27. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
valves
Diastole
amino acids and glucose
diastolic blood pressure
28. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Ischemia
Waste
hemophilia
systolic blood pressure
29. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Diastole
cardiac output (L/min)
urea
Diastole is longer
30. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Coronary arteries
Valves of the venous system
neutrophil
arteries
31. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
WBC
Ca channels
Coronary veins
venous return
32. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Systole
WBC
Blood plasma
Diastole
33. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
cardiac output (L/min)
systemic circulation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
tricuspid valve
34. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
high osmolarity of tissues
bone marrow
hemophilia
Perfusion
35. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Valves of the venous system
Blood plasma
Diastole is longer
36. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Glucose
Systole
atrioventricular valves
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
37. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
heart rate
38. 2 ways to increase venous return
Perfusion
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
39. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Thrombus
varicose veins
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
neutrophil
Ca channels
capillaries
Cardiac muscle cells
41. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Baroreceptors
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Sympathetic regulation of heart
hemostasis
42. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
atrioventricular valves
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
43. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Slow Ca channels
AV node
Platelet fxn
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
44. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Peripheral resistance
stroke volume
fibrin
45. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bicuspid (mitral) valve
pulmonary circulation
bone marrow
atrioventricular valves
46. Where are RBCs broken down?
macrophage
Spleen and liver
Erythropoetin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
47. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
systemic arterial blood pressure
Systole
oncotic pressure
48. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Blood plasma
coronary sinus
Intercalated discs
systemic circulation
49. Flow of blood through a tissue
Erythropoetin
Functional syncytium
bilirubin
Perfusion
50. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Ohm's law
Diastole is longer
valves
nutrients