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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
adrenergic tone
Capillaries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Frank - Starling Effect
2. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
nutrients
diastolic blood pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Platelet fxn
3. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
atrioventricular valves
neutrophil
Tense
4. Number of systole contractions per unit time
arteries
heart rate
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
5. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Relaxed
local autoregulation
fibrin
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
6. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
Diastole is longer
local autoregulation
Rh blood group
7. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
2 components of antigens
arteries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
8. 2 portal systems to know
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
hypoxia
9. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
Glucose
arteries
Perfusion
10. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Diastole is longer
megakaryocytes
fibrin
pulse pressure
11. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
basophil
pulmonary circulation
Peripheral resistance
12. Where are RBCs broken down?
heart
cardiac output (L/min)
Diastole
Spleen and liver
13. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Perfusion
Hemoglobin
14. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
neutrophil
Fast Na channels
Functional syncytium
systolic blood pressure
15. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Temperature or metabolic rate
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Intercalated discs
Ischemia
16. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Granulocytes
cardiac output (L/min)
Capillaries
Lipoproteins
17. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Internodal tract
Right atrium
adrenergic tone
Temperature or metabolic rate
18. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Bundle of His
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Platelet fxn
hypoxia
19. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
fibrinogen
Blood plasma
bicuspid (mitral) valve
20. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
local autoregulation
systolic blood pressure
21. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Slow Ca channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
cardiac output (L/min)
Thrombus
22. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
systolic blood pressure
Baroreceptors
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
23. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Coronary arteries
Vagal Signal
Slow Ca channels
hemophilia
24. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
SA node
Erythropoetin
atria
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
25. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
diastolic blood pressure
Diastole
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
coronary sinus
26. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemostasis
cardiac output (L/min)
Spleen and liver
hemophilia
27. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Vagal Signal
heart rate
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
ventricles
28. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Frank - Starling Effect
tricuspid valve
Inflammation
pulmonary circulation
29. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Frank - Starling Effect
Lipoproteins
nutrients
bilirubin
30. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulmonary circulation
stroke volume
serum
31. Fat storage cells of the body
Perfusion
adipocytes
ventricles
macrophage
32. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
Temperature or metabolic rate
heart
neutrophil
33. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
pulmonary circulation
oncotic pressure
venous blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
34. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
nutrients
Waste
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Rh blood group
35. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Vagal Signal
venous blood pressure
Waste
bilirubin
36. What is the direct cause of edema?
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
hypoxia
Granulocytes
37. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
ventricles
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Vagal Signal
38. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
hemostasis
adrenergic tone
Systole
39. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
heart
amino acids and glucose
atria
40. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
bilirubin
Baroreceptors
veins
neutrophil
41. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
systemic arterial blood pressure
Internodal tract
atria and ventricles
adrenergic tone
42. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Sympathetic regulation of heart
pulmonary circulation
Waste
heart rate
43. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
ABO blood group
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
venous return
Spleen and liver
44. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
adrenergic tone
Glucose
Rh blood group
Diastole is longer
45. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
T- tubules
Na leak channels
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
hemophilia
46. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
capillaries
valves
local autoregulation
47. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
stroke volume
Ca channels
fibrin
48. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
stroke volume
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Blood plasma
49. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
hemostasis
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
bicuspid (mitral) valve
50. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Vagal Signal
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Baroreceptors