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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






2. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






3. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






4. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






5. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






6. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






7. Number of systole contractions per unit time






8. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






9. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






10. Universal donor






11. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






12. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






13. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






14. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






15. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






16. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






17. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






18. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






19. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






20. 2 chambers of the heart






21. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






22. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






23. Universal acceptor






24. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






25. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






26. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






27. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






28. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






29. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






30. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






31. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






32. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






33. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






34. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






35. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






36. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






37. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






38. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






39. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






40. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






41. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






42. Flow of blood through a tissue






43. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






44. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






45. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






46. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






47. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






48. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






49. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






50. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group