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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






2. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






3. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






4. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






5. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






6. 2 lymphocytes






7. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






8. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






9. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






10. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






11. Flow of blood through a tissue






12. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






13. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






14. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






15. When do Rh antibodies develop?






16. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






17. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






18. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






19. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






20. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






21. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






22. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






23. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






24. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






25. Universal acceptor






26. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






27. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






28. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






29. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






30. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






31. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






32. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






33. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






34. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






35. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






36. 2 chambers of the heart






37. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






38. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






39. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






40. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






41. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






42. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






43. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






44. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






45. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






46. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






47. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






48. What is the direct cause of edema?






49. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






50. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3