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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






2. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






3. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






4. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






5. Fat storage cells of the body






6. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






7. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






8. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






9. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






10. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






11. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






12. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






13. Universal donor






14. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






15. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






16. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






17. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






18. When do Rh antibodies develop?






19. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






20. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






21. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






22. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






23. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






24. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






25. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






26. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






27. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






28. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






29. Where are RBCs broken down?






30. Universal acceptor






31. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






32. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






33. 2 lymphocytes






34. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






35. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






36. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






37. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






38. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






39. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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40. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






41. 2 ways to increase venous return






42. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






43. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






44. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






45. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






46. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






47. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






48. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






49. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






50. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?







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