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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Peripheral resistance
Coronary arteries
hemophilia
tricuspid valve
2. Where are RBCs broken down?
urea
Intercalated discs
Spleen and liver
2 components of antigens
3. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Coronary veins
hemostasis
Vagal Signal
ventricles
4. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
Right atrium
Valves of the venous system
varicose veins
5. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Perfusion
coronary sinus
capillaries
Baroreceptors
6. Flow of blood through a tissue
Baroreceptors
Perfusion
heart rate
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
7. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
albumin
atria and ventricles
venous blood pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
8. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Repolarization of nodes
B cells and T cells
systemic arterial blood pressure
urea
9. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
bone marrow
Slow Ca channels
hemostasis
10. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
oncotic pressure
Frank - Starling Effect
Peripheral resistance
Erythrocytes
11. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Lipoproteins
local autoregulation
ABO blood group
AV node
12. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
urea
AV node
local autoregulation
Erythropoetin
13. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Sympathetic regulation of heart
pulmonary circulation
oncotic pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
14. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
fibrin
Thrombus
Ischemia
Diastole is longer
15. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
veins
neutrophil
Vagal Signal
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
16. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
adrenergic tone
tricuspid valve
Portal systems
diastolic blood pressure
17. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Granulocytes
heart
18. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
systemic arterial blood pressure
ABO blood group
WBC
Erythropoetin
19. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
amino acids and glucose
tricuspid valve
atria
serum
20. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
ventricles
WBC
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
T- tubules
21. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Ohm's law
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Functional syncytium
Granulocytes
22. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Na leak channels
arteries
Fxn of circulatory system
SA node
23. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Frank - Starling Effect
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Ca channels
stroke volume
24. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
hemophilia
pulse pressure
Thrombus
25. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
heart rate
diastolic blood pressure
nutrients
Blood plasma
26. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
nutrients
Waste
Rh blood group
amino acids and glucose
27. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Cardiac muscle cells
Bundle of His
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
2 components of antigens
28. What is the direct cause of edema?
T- tubules
venous return
Thrombus
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
29. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Coronary veins
Coronary arteries
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Ca channels
30. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Blood plasma
Tense
31. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
pulse pressure
fibrin
Perfusion
32. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Internodal tract
Diastole
hypoxia
33. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
atria
34. Universal acceptor
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
ventricles
ABO blood group
35. Number of systole contractions per unit time
valves
heart rate
Platelet fxn
hemostasis
36. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
pulmonary circulation
diastolic blood pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
37. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
Right atrium
bilirubin
Perfusion
38. When do semilunar valves close?
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
hemostasis
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
39. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
Repolarization of nodes
systemic arterial blood pressure
ventricles
40. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Coronary arteries
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hepatic portal vein
Diastole is longer
41. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
Valves of the venous system
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
42. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Baroreceptors
tricuspid valve
Ca channels
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
43. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Diastole is longer
ABO blood group
venous blood pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
44. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
atrioventricular valves
stroke volume
atria and ventricles
45. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Internodal tract
urea
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
systemic arterial blood pressure
46. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
hemophilia
Portal systems
Functional syncytium
Na leak channels
47. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
Hemoglobin
Frank - Starling Effect
Valves of the venous system
48. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
resistance
Platelet fxn
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
49. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Intercalated discs
Perfusion
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Coronary veins
50. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
atria and ventricles
AV node
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Internodal tract