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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
Ohm's law
Hemoglobin
basophil
2. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Ohm's law
ventricles
3. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
capillaries
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
2 components of antigens
4. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Coronary arteries
amino acids and glucose
ABO blood group
Na leak channels
5. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Granulocytes
macrophage
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
atria
6. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
cardiac output (L/min)
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
macrophage
hypoxia
7. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Glucose
Bundle of His
fibrinogen
basophil
8. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
atria and ventricles
B cells and T cells
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Intercalated discs
9. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Diastole
Cardiac muscle cells
Bundle of His
T- tubules
10. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
Coronary veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients
11. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Waste
hypoxia
12. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
hemostasis
Rh blood group
Fxn of circulatory system
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
13. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
ABO blood group
bone marrow
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
hemostasis
14. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
albumin
Vagal Signal
Portal systems
15. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Portal systems
Sickle cell anemia
Lipoproteins
amino acids and glucose
16. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Inflammation
heart rate
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
17. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Repolarization of nodes
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
ABO blood group
serum
18. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
atria
megakaryocytes
Hepatic portal vein
19. Where are RBCs broken down?
nutrients
high osmolarity of tissues
Spleen and liver
Bundle of His
20. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
AV node
Diastole
21. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Thrombus
Diastole is longer
Fxn of circulatory system
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
22. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Ohm's law
neutrophil
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
23. When do Rh antibodies develop?
tricuspid valve
cardiac output (L/min)
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
24. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Tense
systemic arterial blood pressure
Internodal tract
Cardiac muscle cells
25. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Blood plasma
stroke volume
Temperature or metabolic rate
cardiac output (L/min)
26. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Thrombus
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Peripheral resistance
27. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
heart rate
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Sickle cell anemia
28. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Tense
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
adrenergic tone
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
29. Universal acceptor
diastolic blood pressure
adrenergic tone
hemostasis
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
30. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Coronary arteries
2 components of antigens
Ohm's law
fibrinogen
31. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
pulmonary circulation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
bilirubin
32. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
diastolic blood pressure
Vagal Signal
serum
33. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
Blood plasma
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
34. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Intercalated discs
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
AV node
35. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
atria and ventricles
systemic arterial blood pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
albumin
36. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
B cells and T cells
Valves of the venous system
T- tubules
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
37. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Sickle cell anemia
bilirubin
eosinophil
basophil
38. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
veins
Valves of the venous system
Hepatic portal vein
39. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Rh blood group
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Repolarization of nodes
40. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Fxn of circulatory system
systolic blood pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
41. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
resistance
fats
Sickle cell anemia
42. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Intercalated discs
Hemoglobin
Perfusion
venous return
43. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Hepatic portal vein
Thrombus
stroke volume
44. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Valves of the venous system
Na leak channels
macrophage
Coronary veins
45. Number of systole contractions per unit time
cardiac output (L/min)
heart rate
Fast Na channels
Frank - Starling Effect
46. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Bundle of His
eosinophil
Relaxed
bicuspid (mitral) valve
47. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Rh blood group
systemic arterial blood pressure
Relaxed
Diastole
48. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
albumin
Functional syncytium
Ca channels
49. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
serum
Fast Na channels
Sickle cell anemia
valves
50. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
Ohm's law
varicose veins
Coronary veins