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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






2. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






3. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






4. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






5. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






6. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






7. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






8. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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9. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






10. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






11. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






12. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






13. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






14. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






15. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






16. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






17. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






18. When do semilunar valves close?






19. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






20. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






21. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






22. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






23. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






24. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






25. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






26. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






27. Where are RBCs broken down?






28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






29. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






30. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






31. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






32. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






33. Fat storage cells of the body






34. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






35. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






36. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






37. 2 portal systems to know






38. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






39. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






40. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






41. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






42. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






43. 2 chambers of the heart






44. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






45. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






46. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






47. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






48. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






49. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






50. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow