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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






2. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






3. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






4. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






5. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






6. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






7. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






8. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






9. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






10. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






11. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






12. When do semilunar valves close?






13. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






14. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






15. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






16. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






17. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






18. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






19. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






20. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






21. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






22. Flow of blood through a tissue






23. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






24. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






25. Universal acceptor






26. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






27. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






28. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






29. 2 chambers of the heart






30. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






31. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






32. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






33. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






34. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






35. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






36. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






37. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






38. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






39. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






40. Where are RBCs broken down?






41. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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42. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






43. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






44. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






45. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






46. 2 portal systems to know






47. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






48. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






49. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






50. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle