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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Lipoproteins
stroke volume
diastolic blood pressure
2. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemostasis
hemophilia
Ischemia
cardiac output (L/min)
3. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
varicose veins
Fxn of circulatory system
macrophage
4. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
venous return
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Sickle cell anemia
macrophage
5. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
oncotic pressure
Right atrium
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Rh blood group
6. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Coronary veins
serum
7. What is the direct cause of edema?
hemophilia
Bundle of His
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
bone marrow
8. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
bicuspid (mitral) valve
venous blood pressure
Repolarization of nodes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
9. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
diastolic blood pressure
fibrin
heart
WBC
10. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
Internodal tract
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Slow Ca channels
11. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
nutrients
Temperature or metabolic rate
12. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
resistance
Lipoproteins
arteries
capillaries
13. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
capillaries
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
fibrinogen
bilirubin
14. Where are RBCs broken down?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
B cells and T cells
Spleen and liver
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
15. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
hemostasis
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
pulmonary circulation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
16. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
oncotic pressure
neutrophil
Temperature or metabolic rate
17. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
amino acids and glucose
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
18. 2 chambers of the heart
fibrinogen
atria and ventricles
stroke volume
chylomicrons
19. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
Valves of the venous system
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Ca channels
20. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
atria and ventricles
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Erythropoetin
chylomicrons
21. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Lipoproteins
Platelet fxn
atrioventricular valves
Diastole is longer
22. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Portal systems
hemophilia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
23. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
venous return
Coronary veins
Inflammation
oncotic pressure
24. Universal acceptor
hemophilia
bicuspid (mitral) valve
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
albumin
25. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
systemic circulation
atria and ventricles
26. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Internodal tract
T- tubules
hypoxia
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
27. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
WBC
megakaryocytes
Ca channels
fibrin
28. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
T- tubules
bone marrow
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
29. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
Hemoglobin
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
30. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Slow Ca channels
bilirubin
Bundle of His
31. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
albumin
urea
Internodal tract
chylomicrons
32. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Blood plasma
2 components of antigens
Na leak channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
33. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
fibrinogen
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
capillaries
Intercalated discs
34. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
2 components of antigens
Relaxed
Fxn of circulatory system
35. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Bundle of His
megakaryocytes
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Systole
36. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
Temperature or metabolic rate
basophil
Diastole is longer
37. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
nutrients
Frank - Starling Effect
fats
38. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Platelet fxn
varicose veins
fibrinogen
macrophage
39. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Spleen and liver
pulmonary circulation
macrophage
high osmolarity of tissues
40. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
oncotic pressure
veins
Erythropoetin
serum
41. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
varicose veins
Portal systems
diastolic blood pressure
adrenergic tone
42. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
nutrients
pulmonary circulation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
43. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Diastole is longer
macrophage
Intercalated discs
44. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Capillaries
local autoregulation
Inflammation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
45. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
systemic circulation
Capillaries
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Ca channels
46. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
SA node
fats
coronary sinus
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
47. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
urea
Blood plasma
T- tubules
48. Universal donor
valves
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Temperature or metabolic rate
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
49. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Peripheral resistance
Hemoglobin
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
adrenergic tone
50. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
capillaries
Hepatic portal vein