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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






2. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






3. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






4. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






5. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






6. Purpose of erythrocytes?






7. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






8. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






9. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






10. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






11. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






12. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






13. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






14. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






15. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






16. Flow of blood through a tissue






17. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






18. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






19. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






20. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






21. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






22. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






23. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






24. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






25. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






26. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






27. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






28. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






29. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






30. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






31. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






32. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






33. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






34. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






35. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






36. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






37. When do Rh antibodies develop?






38. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






39. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






40. 2 ways to increase venous return






41. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






42. When do semilunar valves close?






43. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






44. Where are RBCs broken down?






45. 2 lymphocytes






46. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






47. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R


48. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






49. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






50. Number of systole contractions per unit time