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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






2. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






3. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






4. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






5. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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6. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






7. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






8. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






9. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






10. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






11. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






12. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






13. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






14. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






15. Universal acceptor






16. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






17. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






18. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






19. 2 chambers of the heart






20. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






21. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






22. 2 lymphocytes






23. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






24. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






25. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






26. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






27. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






28. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






29. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






30. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






31. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






32. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






33. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






34. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






35. Universal donor






36. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






37. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






38. Where are RBCs broken down?






39. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






40. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






41. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






42. Number of systole contractions per unit time






43. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






44. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






45. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






46. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






47. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






48. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






49. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






50. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding