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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
adrenergic tone
Temperature or metabolic rate
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
2. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Baroreceptors
Repolarization of nodes
Sympathetic regulation of heart
systolic blood pressure
3. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Systole
atrioventricular valves
Hepatic portal vein
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
4. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Erythrocytes
Relaxed
venous blood pressure
ventricles
5. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
eosinophil
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
6. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
local autoregulation
SA node
Functional syncytium
Frank - Starling Effect
7. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
systemic arterial blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
8. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Systole
bicuspid (mitral) valve
amino acids and glucose
9. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
ABO blood group
Slow Ca channels
Systole
Sympathetic regulation of heart
10. 2 lymphocytes
Bundle of His
B cells and T cells
Vagal Signal
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
11. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
eosinophil
hemophilia
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
hemostasis
12. 2 chambers of the heart
pulmonary circulation
Slow Ca channels
atria and ventricles
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
13. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Functional syncytium
Cardiac muscle cells
Hemoglobin
T- tubules
14. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Na leak channels
serum
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Coronary arteries
15. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Erythropoetin
nutrients
16. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
pulmonary circulation
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
capillaries
Rh blood group
17. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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18. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Lipoproteins
Na leak channels
Erythropoetin
19. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
capillaries
Ca channels
adrenergic tone
Fxn of circulatory system
20. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
arteries
atrioventricular valves
Ohm's law
atria
21. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
pulmonary circulation
Hemoglobin
22. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Cardiac muscle cells
Temperature or metabolic rate
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
23. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Ca channels
Internodal tract
24. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
systolic blood pressure
Erythrocytes
Glucose
Platelet fxn
25. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Intercalated discs
atria and ventricles
Repolarization of nodes
Systole
26. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Na leak channels
hemostasis
Temperature or metabolic rate
27. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
Repolarization of nodes
serum
diastolic blood pressure
28. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart rate
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Ca channels
atria and ventricles
29. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Glucose
Ohm's law
hemostasis
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
30. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemophilia
oncotic pressure
Platelet fxn
pulmonary circulation
31. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
atrioventricular valves
arteries
32. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Coronary veins
systemic circulation
Glucose
33. 2 ways to increase venous return
ABO blood group
diastolic blood pressure
Spleen and liver
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
34. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
Thrombus
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
basophil
35. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Baroreceptors
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
36. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
resistance
Repolarization of nodes
Erythropoetin
megakaryocytes
37. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
38. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
fibrinogen
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
stroke volume
39. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
fibrin
Fxn of circulatory system
Granulocytes
Slow Ca channels
40. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
AV node
Hemoglobin
ABO blood group
41. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Bundle of His
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
42. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Granulocytes
Right atrium
pulse pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
43. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
megakaryocytes
adrenergic tone
Slow Ca channels
44. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
tricuspid valve
SA node
Cardiac muscle cells
Hepatic portal vein
45. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Rh blood group
eosinophil
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
systemic circulation
46. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
hypoxia
SA node
bicuspid (mitral) valve
T- tubules
47. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Tense
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart rate
Blood plasma
48. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Inflammation
Relaxed
hypoxia
Vagal Signal
49. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Bundle of His
Na leak channels
Slow Ca channels
amino acids and glucose
50. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Waste
Bundle of His
Fast Na channels
albumin