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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
bone marrow
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
2. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Blood plasma
Inflammation
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
eosinophil
3. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Right atrium
AV node
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
bilirubin
4. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
venous blood pressure
valves
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
5. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
diastolic blood pressure
Vagal Signal
6. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
coronary sinus
Ca channels
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
ventricles
7. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
venous blood pressure
Waste
Vagal Signal
systemic arterial blood pressure
8. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Erythrocytes
Rh blood group
Lipoproteins
9. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
neutrophil
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
valves
Frank - Starling Effect
10. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Thrombus
Fast Na channels
11. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Ca channels
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
capillaries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
12. What is the direct cause of edema?
capillaries
basophil
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
13. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
basophil
Valves of the venous system
Frank - Starling Effect
Relaxed
14. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Fxn of circulatory system
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
15. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Lipoproteins
serum
venous return
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
16. Universal donor
AV node
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
bilirubin
capillaries
17. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
B cells and T cells
SA node
Platelet fxn
macrophage
18. Where are RBCs broken down?
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Repolarization of nodes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Spleen and liver
19. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Waste
Ohm's law
Portal systems
systolic blood pressure
20. Universal acceptor
oncotic pressure
Ca channels
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
bilirubin
21. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Systole
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Diastole is longer
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
22. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Bundle of His
varicose veins
23. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
systemic arterial blood pressure
Platelet fxn
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
neutrophil
24. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Na leak channels
atrioventricular valves
high osmolarity of tissues
valves
25. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
urea
Tense
Repolarization of nodes
26. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Cardiac muscle cells
Ca channels
Ischemia
Diastole is longer
27. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Glucose
Ca channels
hypoxia
28. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Blood plasma
atrioventricular valves
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Platelet fxn
29. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Baroreceptors
Ohm's law
heart
Glucose
30. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Platelet fxn
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
T- tubules
31. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Vagal Signal
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
32. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Tense
local autoregulation
Bundle of His
33. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
Portal systems
macrophage
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
34. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Na leak channels
35. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
high osmolarity of tissues
systemic circulation
nutrients
Peripheral resistance
36. 2 lymphocytes
macrophage
high osmolarity of tissues
Internodal tract
B cells and T cells
37. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
basophil
T- tubules
systemic arterial blood pressure
Spleen and liver
38. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
systemic arterial blood pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
hemophilia
39. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Ca channels
bilirubin
systolic blood pressure
amino acids and glucose
40. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Rh blood group
Baroreceptors
fats
venous blood pressure
41. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
oncotic pressure
Erythropoetin
urea
42. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Granulocytes
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
cardiac output (L/min)
AV node
43. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Baroreceptors
Bundle of His
albumin
Erythrocytes
44. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
nutrients
Portal systems
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
45. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
SA node
Ischemia
varicose veins
46. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
bilirubin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
varicose veins
47. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
Right atrium
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
48. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Na leak channels
Erythropoetin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Repolarization of nodes
49. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
valves
Valves of the venous system
Right atrium
oncotic pressure
50. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
heart rate
systemic circulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema