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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






2. When do Rh antibodies develop?






3. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






4. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






5. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






6. What is the direct cause of edema?






7. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






8. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






9. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






10. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






11. Universal acceptor






12. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






13. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






14. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






15. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






16. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






17. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






18. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






19. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






20. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






21. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






22. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






23. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






24. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






25. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






26. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






27. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






28. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






29. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






30. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






31. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






32. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






33. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






34. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






35. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






36. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






37. Fat storage cells of the body






38. Purpose of erythrocytes?






39. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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40. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






41. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






42. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






43. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






44. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






45. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






46. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






47. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






48. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






49. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






50. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity