SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
2. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulse pressure
valves
3. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
systolic blood pressure
Ca channels
4. Fat storage cells of the body
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
adipocytes
chylomicrons
Peripheral resistance
5. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
eosinophil
macrophage
Coronary arteries
6. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
systemic circulation
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
AV node
7. What is the direct cause of edema?
neutrophil
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
urea
Diastole
8. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
ventricles
Cardiac muscle cells
hemophilia
9. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Blood plasma
megakaryocytes
Repolarization of nodes
veins
10. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
Functional syncytium
high osmolarity of tissues
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Hepatic portal vein
ventricles
12. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atrioventricular valves
Cardiac muscle cells
Frank - Starling Effect
Tense
13. Universal acceptor
atria and ventricles
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
AV node
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
14. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Ischemia
arteries
systolic blood pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
15. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
bone marrow
16. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
valves
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
macrophage
Relaxed
17. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
local autoregulation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Fxn of circulatory system
urea
18. 2 ways to increase venous return
bilirubin
Coronary veins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Intercalated discs
19. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Sickle cell anemia
valves
Slow Ca channels
adipocytes
20. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
Functional syncytium
eosinophil
Glucose
21. Purpose of erythrocytes?
SA node
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Relaxed
stroke volume
22. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Perfusion
SA node
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulmonary circulation
23. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Fxn of circulatory system
Hepatic portal vein
Intercalated discs
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
24. Where are RBCs broken down?
resistance
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
Spleen and liver
25. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
atria and ventricles
Cardiac muscle cells
Fast Na channels
26. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
coronary sinus
Thrombus
Temperature or metabolic rate
bicuspid (mitral) valve
27. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Coronary veins
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Erythropoetin
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
28. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Granulocytes
Internodal tract
Intercalated discs
29. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
high osmolarity of tissues
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Rh blood group
eosinophil
30. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
cardiac output (L/min)
tricuspid valve
31. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Erythrocytes
B cells and T cells
pulse pressure
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
32. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Capillaries
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
neutrophil
Hemoglobin
33. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Inflammation
adrenergic tone
capillaries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
34. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
heart
fibrinogen
Capillaries
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
35. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Internodal tract
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Inflammation
fibrin
36. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Inflammation
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
capillaries
37. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
SA node
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
basophil
Temperature or metabolic rate
38. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
hemostasis
Intercalated discs
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
39. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
arteries
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
megakaryocytes
40. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
B cells and T cells
T- tubules
valves
41. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
heart rate
diastolic blood pressure
Bundle of His
Waste
42. Flow of blood through a tissue
nutrients
tricuspid valve
basophil
Perfusion
43. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
arteries
cardiac output (L/min)
capillaries
44. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
fibrinogen
atria
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
45. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
fats
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
urea
Intercalated discs
46. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
fibrinogen
hemostasis
Hemoglobin
47. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
tricuspid valve
Repolarization of nodes
Na leak channels
48. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
Diastole is longer
pulse pressure
heart
49. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
AV node
heart
Slow Ca channels
Diastole
50. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
Spleen and liver
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input