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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
high osmolarity of tissues
heart
basophil
Slow Ca channels
2. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Right atrium
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Granulocytes
3. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
fibrin
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Internodal tract
Intercalated discs
4. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
AV node
valves
venous blood pressure
Thrombus
5. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Waste
veins
Functional syncytium
6. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
2 components of antigens
Capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
amino acids and glucose
7. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
heart rate
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
SA node
adipocytes
8. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Cardiac muscle cells
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Frank - Starling Effect
9. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Hemoglobin
Temperature or metabolic rate
high osmolarity of tissues
10. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
venous return
arteries
diastolic blood pressure
11. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
Sickle cell anemia
serum
Rh blood group
12. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
Lipoproteins
Glucose
Rh blood group
13. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Thrombus
bicuspid (mitral) valve
cardiac output (L/min)
Hepatic portal vein
14. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
adipocytes
Fast Na channels
Lipoproteins
Waste
15. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Right atrium
Inflammation
systemic circulation
basophil
16. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
Erythropoetin
arteries
Systole
17. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Repolarization of nodes
Hepatic portal vein
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Cardiac muscle cells
18. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
neutrophil
cardiac output (L/min)
19. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
T- tubules
atria and ventricles
20. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Ischemia
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
cardiac output (L/min)
basophil
21. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
stroke volume
Ca channels
WBC
22. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
cardiac output (L/min)
Blood plasma
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
23. 2 ways to increase venous return
Blood plasma
Glucose
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
24. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Fast Na channels
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
25. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
Bundle of His
coronary sinus
T- tubules
26. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Blood plasma
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
27. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
oncotic pressure
Granulocytes
Peripheral resistance
28. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
tricuspid valve
heart
SA node
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
29. When do semilunar valves close?
Valves of the venous system
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
T- tubules
30. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Relaxed
valves
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
31. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
B cells and T cells
Lipoproteins
Hepatic portal vein
Na leak channels
32. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
valves
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
systemic arterial blood pressure
33. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Right atrium
hemostasis
diastolic blood pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
34. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
macrophage
pulmonary circulation
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
megakaryocytes
35. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
amino acids and glucose
atria
Ischemia
diastolic blood pressure
36. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Hepatic portal vein
Right atrium
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Lipoproteins
37. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Hepatic portal vein
Valves of the venous system
Rh blood group
38. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
megakaryocytes
Blood plasma
hemophilia
hypoxia
39. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
basophil
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Tense
Cardiac muscle cells
40. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Glucose
coronary sinus
Portal systems
high osmolarity of tissues
41. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
macrophage
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Hepatic portal vein
42. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
SA node
systemic arterial blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
veins
43. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Rh blood group
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
44. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
systemic circulation
local autoregulation
Slow Ca channels
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
45. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
veins
Ischemia
Diastole
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
46. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
diastolic blood pressure
Coronary veins
Ohm's law
47. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
veins
Functional syncytium
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
systolic blood pressure
48. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
varicose veins
capillaries
Bundle of His
49. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Na leak channels
Slow Ca channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Granulocytes
50. Where are RBCs broken down?
arteries
Hemoglobin
B cells and T cells
Spleen and liver