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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Platelet fxn
Vagal Signal
Na leak channels
nutrients
2. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
valves
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Bundle of His
Hemoglobin
3. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Systole
systolic blood pressure
local autoregulation
systemic circulation
4. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
B cells and T cells
Platelet fxn
5. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Temperature or metabolic rate
Ohm's law
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
fibrinogen
6. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
Hemoglobin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Coronary veins
7. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
bone marrow
adrenergic tone
Bundle of His
8. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Platelet fxn
pulmonary circulation
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Baroreceptors
9. Universal donor
Coronary arteries
heart rate
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
10. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Intercalated discs
diastolic blood pressure
adrenergic tone
ventricles
11. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Fxn of circulatory system
Functional syncytium
T- tubules
12. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Internodal tract
neutrophil
venous blood pressure
13. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Cardiac muscle cells
nutrients
Sickle cell anemia
albumin
14. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
fibrinogen
Inflammation
atria
15. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
ventricles
arteries
16. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Intercalated discs
capillaries
amino acids and glucose
local autoregulation
17. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
adrenergic tone
Na leak channels
Right atrium
18. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Baroreceptors
urea
bilirubin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
19. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
nutrients
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
albumin
venous return
20. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
stroke volume
Coronary arteries
Bundle of His
2 components of antigens
21. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
valves
bone marrow
Ischemia
veins
22. Universal acceptor
pulmonary circulation
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
23. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
high osmolarity of tissues
T- tubules
atria and ventricles
fibrin
24. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
Diastole
valves
Cardiac muscle cells
25. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Glucose
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
local autoregulation
Bundle of His
26. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
amino acids and glucose
Slow Ca channels
Hemoglobin
27. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
Fxn of circulatory system
basophil
Ca channels
28. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
heart rate
Functional syncytium
urea
29. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
basophil
Platelet fxn
Baroreceptors
macrophage
30. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Ca channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
high osmolarity of tissues
31. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
fibrinogen
Baroreceptors
32. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Coronary veins
Ohm's law
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
33. What is the direct cause of edema?
AV node
Hepatic portal vein
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Inflammation
34. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
valves
systemic arterial blood pressure
atria
capillaries
35. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Fast Na channels
Temperature or metabolic rate
T- tubules
36. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Valves of the venous system
diastolic blood pressure
Sickle cell anemia
37. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
ABO blood group
Tense
arteries
local autoregulation
38. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
high osmolarity of tissues
bone marrow
Temperature or metabolic rate
Bundle of His
39. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Ischemia
Systole
Hemoglobin
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
40. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
cardiac output (L/min)
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
41. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
Tense
Hepatic portal vein
Lipoproteins
42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
venous return
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Rh blood group
43. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
neutrophil
Rh blood group
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Granulocytes
44. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
macrophage
Rh blood group
Inflammation
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
45. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Ischemia
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
amino acids and glucose
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
cardiac output (L/min)
Bundle of His
Ca channels
Inflammation
47. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Cardiac muscle cells
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Erythropoetin
48. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
diastolic blood pressure
Functional syncytium
Coronary veins
49. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Systole
Blood plasma
2 components of antigens
adrenergic tone
50. Where are RBCs broken down?
stroke volume
Sickle cell anemia
Spleen and liver
diastolic blood pressure
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