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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Erythropoetin
Tense
Fast Na channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
2. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Valves of the venous system
Lipoproteins
heart rate
systemic arterial blood pressure
3. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Erythropoetin
venous return
hemophilia
tricuspid valve
4. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Slow Ca channels
T- tubules
Frank - Starling Effect
5. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
macrophage
hemophilia
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
6. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
eosinophil
Cardiac muscle cells
oncotic pressure
valves
7. Number of systole contractions per unit time
arteries
systemic circulation
diastolic blood pressure
heart rate
8. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
Fxn of circulatory system
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Slow Ca channels
9. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Waste
chylomicrons
bilirubin
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
10. Universal donor
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Internodal tract
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
11. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Na leak channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
urea
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
12. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
Erythrocytes
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Vagal Signal
13. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Tense
basophil
hemophilia
14. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Internodal tract
2 components of antigens
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
eosinophil
15. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
varicose veins
adrenergic tone
Blood plasma
hypoxia
16. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Frank - Starling Effect
Ca channels
atria
17. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Ca channels
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Capillaries
megakaryocytes
18. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Lipoproteins
atrioventricular valves
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
arteries
19. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Slow Ca channels
Frank - Starling Effect
neutrophil
20. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
resistance
Ischemia
Vagal Signal
21. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
hemophilia
pulse pressure
Glucose
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
22. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Diastole
T- tubules
ventricles
Spleen and liver
23. Universal acceptor
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
tricuspid valve
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
ABO blood group
24. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Rh blood group
Bundle of His
macrophage
Hepatic portal vein
25. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Hepatic portal vein
arteries
Frank - Starling Effect
26. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Ischemia
Lipoproteins
fats
27. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
venous blood pressure
varicose veins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
28. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
WBC
T- tubules
29. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
veins
T- tubules
albumin
systemic arterial blood pressure
30. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Diastole
diastolic blood pressure
31. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Perfusion
Platelet fxn
Diastole is longer
32. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
diastolic blood pressure
venous return
fibrinogen
33. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
megakaryocytes
heart
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
fats
34. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
adrenergic tone
hemostasis
fats
35. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
nutrients
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
neutrophil
Granulocytes
36. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
chylomicrons
Bundle of His
37. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Coronary veins
adrenergic tone
Fast Na channels
38. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
bilirubin
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Diastole is longer
39. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Na leak channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
macrophage
high osmolarity of tissues
40. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Temperature or metabolic rate
Repolarization of nodes
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
41. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
atrioventricular valves
venous blood pressure
stroke volume
42. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
resistance
Frank - Starling Effect
Glucose
43. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
varicose veins
Coronary arteries
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
44. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Internodal tract
local autoregulation
atrioventricular valves
45. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
pulse pressure
Sickle cell anemia
veins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
46. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
serum
chylomicrons
resistance
47. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
Lipoproteins
arteries
Internodal tract
48. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
Blood plasma
Cardiac muscle cells
veins
49. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Intercalated discs
Temperature or metabolic rate
Internodal tract
Blood plasma
50. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Granulocytes
Lipoproteins
bilirubin
veins