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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






2. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






3. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






4. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






5. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






6. 2 portal systems to know






7. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






8. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






9. 2 ways to increase venous return






10. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






11. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






12. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






13. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






14. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






15. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






16. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






17. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






18. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






19. Universal donor






20. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






21. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






22. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






23. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






24. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






25. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






26. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






27. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






28. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






29. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






30. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






31. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






32. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






33. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






34. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






35. 2 chambers of the heart






36. When do semilunar valves close?






37. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






38. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






39. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






40. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






41. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






42. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






43. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






44. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






45. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






46. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






47. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






48. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






49. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






50. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft