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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
Waste
Functional syncytium
Ca channels
2. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
ventricles
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
varicose veins
Ischemia
3. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Slow Ca channels
SA node
valves
local autoregulation
4. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Intercalated discs
Rh blood group
varicose veins
nutrients
5. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
2 components of antigens
adipocytes
hypoxia
6. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
varicose veins
serum
atrioventricular valves
7. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
Ischemia
Coronary arteries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
8. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Fast Na channels
Vagal Signal
Diastole is longer
9. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
Ohm's law
Diastole is longer
Systole
10. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
atria and ventricles
pulmonary circulation
Coronary arteries
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Blood plasma
atria and ventricles
local autoregulation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
12. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Diastole
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
basophil
Waste
13. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
systolic blood pressure
resistance
local autoregulation
14. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
hemophilia
Thrombus
Sympathetic regulation of heart
15. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Ischemia
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
atrioventricular valves
Coronary arteries
16. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
atria and ventricles
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
pulse pressure
Diastole is longer
17. What is the direct cause of edema?
hypoxia
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Tense
18. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
atria
fats
Peripheral resistance
19. Universal acceptor
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Hemoglobin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Baroreceptors
20. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
ventricles
bicuspid (mitral) valve
21. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
eosinophil
Fast Na channels
fibrin
ventricles
22. When do semilunar valves close?
resistance
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
atria and ventricles
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
23. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
tricuspid valve
Coronary arteries
24. When do Rh antibodies develop?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Rh blood group
Erythropoetin
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
25. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Ohm's law
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
hypoxia
2 components of antigens
26. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Perfusion
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart rate
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
27. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Glucose
T- tubules
Ca channels
bicuspid (mitral) valve
28. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
atrioventricular valves
Vagal Signal
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
29. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
resistance
stroke volume
30. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
cardiac output (L/min)
neutrophil
T- tubules
fats
31. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Hepatic portal vein
fibrinogen
Repolarization of nodes
coronary sinus
32. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
fibrin
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
heart
33. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
2 components of antigens
stroke volume
local autoregulation
34. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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35. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Peripheral resistance
atrioventricular valves
varicose veins
36. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
Waste
veins
valves
37. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
adipocytes
Ohm's law
Sickle cell anemia
38. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
heart rate
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Perfusion
39. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
WBC
systolic blood pressure
local autoregulation
Erythropoetin
40. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Glucose
Tense
Inflammation
Erythropoetin
41. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Slow Ca channels
Relaxed
varicose veins
42. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Glucose
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
hemophilia
43. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Glucose
fats
albumin
Relaxed
44. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Na leak channels
Slow Ca channels
ventricles
45. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
Repolarization of nodes
Perfusion
Sympathetic regulation of heart
46. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Inflammation
Bundle of His
47. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
hemostasis
nutrients
capillaries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
48. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
urea
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Right atrium
49. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
AV node
atria
B cells and T cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
50. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
arteries
Portal systems
basophil