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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of systole contractions per unit time






2. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






3. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






4. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






5. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






6. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






7. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






8. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






9. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






10. 2 ways to increase venous return






11. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






12. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






13. 2 lymphocytes






14. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






15. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






16. When do semilunar valves close?






17. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






18. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






19. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






20. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






21. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






22. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






23. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






24. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






25. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






26. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






27. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






28. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






29. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






30. 2 portal systems to know






31. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






32. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






33. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






34. 2 chambers of the heart






35. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






36. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






37. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






38. Purpose of erythrocytes?






39. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






40. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






41. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






42. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






43. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






44. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






45. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






46. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






47. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






48. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






49. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






50. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all