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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
resistance
coronary sinus
atria
2. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
T- tubules
Slow Ca channels
Ohm's law
adrenergic tone
3. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Slow Ca channels
capillaries
Peripheral resistance
cardiac output (L/min)
4. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Ca channels
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Granulocytes
5. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
bilirubin
Slow Ca channels
macrophage
pulmonary circulation
6. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
bilirubin
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
nutrients
7. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
Relaxed
cardiac output (L/min)
B cells and T cells
8. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
cardiac output (L/min)
hemostasis
Valves of the venous system
eosinophil
9. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
atrioventricular valves
Repolarization of nodes
chylomicrons
10. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
eosinophil
neutrophil
varicose veins
11. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
SA node
Granulocytes
amino acids and glucose
12. 2 portal systems to know
Fxn of circulatory system
bicuspid (mitral) valve
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Diastole is longer
13. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
Erythrocytes
venous blood pressure
albumin
14. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
basophil
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Baroreceptors
15. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Na leak channels
Erythropoetin
T- tubules
2 components of antigens
16. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
bone marrow
fats
pulse pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
17. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
Capillaries
Right atrium
eosinophil
18. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Fxn of circulatory system
pulmonary circulation
Ohm's law
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
19. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
bone marrow
atria
bicuspid (mitral) valve
20. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Coronary arteries
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
serum
nutrients
21. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
atria
Granulocytes
Bundle of His
basophil
22. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
hemophilia
Cardiac muscle cells
Fast Na channels
Granulocytes
23. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Na leak channels
Fxn of circulatory system
Sympathetic regulation of heart
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
24. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Spleen and liver
Diastole
Systole
25. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Frank - Starling Effect
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Lipoproteins
26. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Granulocytes
Bundle of His
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
27. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Fxn of circulatory system
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
atria and ventricles
28. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
eosinophil
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
chylomicrons
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
29. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
Erythropoetin
atrioventricular valves
high osmolarity of tissues
30. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
hemophilia
2 components of antigens
Tense
varicose veins
31. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Inflammation
capillaries
ABO blood group
2 components of antigens
32. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
local autoregulation
bicuspid (mitral) valve
systemic circulation
33. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
bilirubin
Frank - Starling Effect
Valves of the venous system
34. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Bundle of His
35. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
arteries
Ischemia
eosinophil
fibrin
36. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Fast Na channels
Repolarization of nodes
Glucose
37. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Valves of the venous system
resistance
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Perfusion
38. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Peripheral resistance
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hemostasis
oncotic pressure
39. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
tricuspid valve
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Tense
40. Flow of blood through a tissue
Na leak channels
B cells and T cells
Perfusion
2 components of antigens
41. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Perfusion
Hepatic portal vein
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Na leak channels
42. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
hemophilia
B cells and T cells
Internodal tract
Diastole is longer
43. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
eosinophil
Erythrocytes
high osmolarity of tissues
Tense
44. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Spleen and liver
oncotic pressure
Erythrocytes
stroke volume
45. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Ca channels
neutrophil
Diastole is longer
oncotic pressure
46. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Relaxed
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
47. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Functional syncytium
veins
48. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Peripheral resistance
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
basophil
diastolic blood pressure
49. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
nutrients
systemic circulation
Perfusion
T- tubules
50. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Hepatic portal vein
Platelet fxn
atria and ventricles