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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
SA node
Slow Ca channels
Functional syncytium
2. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Platelet fxn
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
3. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
atrioventricular valves
Vagal Signal
veins
Capillaries
4. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
WBC
Peripheral resistance
Internodal tract
arteries
5. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Capillaries
Vagal Signal
diastolic blood pressure
Waste
6. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
local autoregulation
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
7. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
pulmonary circulation
2 components of antigens
Relaxed
8. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
Fast Na channels
Ischemia
chylomicrons
9. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Valves of the venous system
Platelet fxn
10. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Fast Na channels
Erythropoetin
Bundle of His
11. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Baroreceptors
atria
neutrophil
12. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
SA node
Diastole is longer
Coronary veins
13. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Slow Ca channels
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Perfusion
Intercalated discs
14. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
eosinophil
Right atrium
Functional syncytium
fats
15. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Temperature or metabolic rate
fibrin
Erythrocytes
16. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
Coronary veins
venous return
pulse pressure
17. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
hemophilia
capillaries
macrophage
Lipoproteins
18. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
pulse pressure
T- tubules
19. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Inflammation
bone marrow
Systole
20. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Relaxed
21. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Frank - Starling Effect
high osmolarity of tissues
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
22. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
high osmolarity of tissues
Bundle of His
Sickle cell anemia
Perfusion
23. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Sympathetic regulation of heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Fxn of circulatory system
24. 2 ways to increase venous return
Vagal Signal
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Platelet fxn
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
25. When do Rh antibodies develop?
diastolic blood pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
coronary sinus
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
26. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Systole
arteries
Baroreceptors
Fxn of circulatory system
27. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
Sickle cell anemia
Ohm's law
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
28. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
high osmolarity of tissues
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
local autoregulation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
29. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
bilirubin
valves
adipocytes
30. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Vagal Signal
Erythrocytes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
31. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Erythrocytes
atria and ventricles
coronary sinus
32. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
adipocytes
Tense
Rh blood group
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
33. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
B cells and T cells
diastolic blood pressure
WBC
34. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Ischemia
Bundle of His
atrioventricular valves
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
35. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Fxn of circulatory system
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Hemoglobin
Diastole
36. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Portal systems
Systole
chylomicrons
urea
37. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
basophil
Spleen and liver
Valves of the venous system
valves
38. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
ABO blood group
systolic blood pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
39. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
Cardiac muscle cells
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
serum
40. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Repolarization of nodes
heart rate
atrioventricular valves
systemic arterial blood pressure
41. Number of systole contractions per unit time
hemostasis
heart rate
Inflammation
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
42. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
fibrin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
coronary sinus
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
43. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Hepatic portal vein
venous blood pressure
Granulocytes
Tense
44. 2 lymphocytes
Diastole
Ca channels
veins
B cells and T cells
45. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
B cells and T cells
oncotic pressure
Platelet fxn
adrenergic tone
46. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Erythrocytes
Relaxed
Coronary arteries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
47. 2 portal systems to know
Tense
Fxn of circulatory system
Hemoglobin
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
48. Where are RBCs broken down?
fibrin
Repolarization of nodes
Spleen and liver
Perfusion
49. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
hemostasis
Hemoglobin
Temperature or metabolic rate
Cardiac muscle cells
50. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Waste
local autoregulation
high osmolarity of tissues
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