Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






2. 2 portal systems to know






3. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






4. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






5. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






6. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






7. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






8. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






9. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






10. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






11. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






12. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






13. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






14. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






15. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






16. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






17. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






18. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






19. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






20. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






21. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






22. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






23. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






24. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






25. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






26. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






27. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






28. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






29. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






30. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






31. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






32. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






33. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






34. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






35. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






36. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






37. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






38. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






39. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






40. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






41. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






42. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






43. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






44. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






45. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






46. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






47. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






48. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






49. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






50. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed