SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
high osmolarity of tissues
Rh blood group
2. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
arteries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Right atrium
3. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Portal systems
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
oncotic pressure
4. Flow of blood through a tissue
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
fibrinogen
urea
Perfusion
5. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
stroke volume
Ischemia
Waste
6. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
tricuspid valve
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
fibrinogen
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
7. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
venous blood pressure
Baroreceptors
Internodal tract
8. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Fast Na channels
Fxn of circulatory system
tricuspid valve
Hemoglobin
9. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
urea
Ca channels
albumin
Capillaries
10. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Erythropoetin
bicuspid (mitral) valve
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
11. What is the direct cause of edema?
chylomicrons
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Temperature or metabolic rate
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
12. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Hepatic portal vein
cardiac output (L/min)
systemic arterial blood pressure
adrenergic tone
13. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
SA node
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Waste
Erythropoetin
14. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
high osmolarity of tissues
venous return
atrioventricular valves
15. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
fats
16. When do Rh antibodies develop?
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Bundle of His
Relaxed
17. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
SA node
macrophage
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
18. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Baroreceptors
fibrinogen
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Glucose
19. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
ABO blood group
Erythropoetin
systemic arterial blood pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
20. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Tense
Ca channels
21. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
Blood plasma
adipocytes
fibrin
22. 2 portal systems to know
WBC
Cardiac muscle cells
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
cardiac output (L/min)
23. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
macrophage
Fast Na channels
local autoregulation
24. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
coronary sinus
Slow Ca channels
Lipoproteins
Perfusion
25. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Spleen and liver
B cells and T cells
hemostasis
Waste
26. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
atria and ventricles
nutrients
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
chylomicrons
27. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
stroke volume
pulse pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
albumin
28. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Sympathetic regulation of heart
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
albumin
29. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
Ischemia
adrenergic tone
Thrombus
30. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
veins
Cardiac muscle cells
Rh blood group
venous blood pressure
31. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
diastolic blood pressure
atrioventricular valves
Hepatic portal vein
Vagal Signal
32. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Diastole
Right atrium
Spleen and liver
WBC
33. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
coronary sinus
adrenergic tone
34. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Intercalated discs
Diastole
Inflammation
35. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
ventricles
chylomicrons
systemic arterial blood pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
36. Number of systole contractions per unit time
ABO blood group
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Perfusion
heart rate
37. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
veins
stroke volume
diastolic blood pressure
Spleen and liver
38. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Blood plasma
Portal systems
Thrombus
Sickle cell anemia
39. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Lipoproteins
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Functional syncytium
Vagal Signal
40. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
AV node
Fast Na channels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
41. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
adipocytes
varicose veins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Granulocytes
42. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
hypoxia
amino acids and glucose
Sickle cell anemia
43. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
basophil
Diastole
Temperature or metabolic rate
Intercalated discs
44. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Relaxed
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Capillaries
45. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Portal systems
venous return
bone marrow
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
46. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Slow Ca channels
Diastole is longer
atria
valves
47. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
stroke volume
amino acids and glucose
Bundle of His
nutrients
48. 2 chambers of the heart
atrioventricular valves
atria and ventricles
Diastole is longer
venous blood pressure
49. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
Hepatic portal vein
Erythropoetin
Baroreceptors
50. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Glucose
local autoregulation
Ischemia
adipocytes