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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






2. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






3. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






4. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






5. What is the direct cause of edema?






6. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






7. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






8. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






9. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






10. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






11. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






12. 2 chambers of the heart






13. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






14. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






15. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






16. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






17. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






18. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






19. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






20. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






21. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






22. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






23. 2 ways to increase venous return






24. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






25. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






26. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






27. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






28. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






29. When do semilunar valves close?






30. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






31. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






32. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






33. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






34. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






35. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






36. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






37. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






38. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






39. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






40. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






41. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






42. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






43. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






44. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






45. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






46. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






47. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






48. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






49. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






50. Where are RBCs broken down?