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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
basophil
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Baroreceptors
2. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
atrioventricular valves
stroke volume
Blood plasma
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
3. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
Coronary veins
oncotic pressure
Perfusion
4. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
hemophilia
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Thrombus
Capillaries
5. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
systemic arterial blood pressure
Bundle of His
Capillaries
Fast Na channels
6. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
urea
Fxn of circulatory system
2 components of antigens
7. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
venous blood pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Diastole is longer
Ohm's law
8. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Baroreceptors
Cardiac muscle cells
Valves of the venous system
high osmolarity of tissues
9. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
resistance
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Lipoproteins
arteries
10. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Ohm's law
Cardiac muscle cells
Lipoproteins
Granulocytes
11. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
high osmolarity of tissues
WBC
Bundle of His
heart
12. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
Relaxed
Lipoproteins
Intercalated discs
13. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Na leak channels
hemophilia
Erythropoetin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
14. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
Erythrocytes
adipocytes
Coronary arteries
15. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Na leak channels
systolic blood pressure
Slow Ca channels
16. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
local autoregulation
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
systemic arterial blood pressure
megakaryocytes
17. Purpose of erythrocytes?
capillaries
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Valves of the venous system
18. Flow of blood through a tissue
stroke volume
Perfusion
varicose veins
venous return
19. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
high osmolarity of tissues
Repolarization of nodes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Diastole is longer
20. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
systemic circulation
Thrombus
Relaxed
Tense
21. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
urea
Tense
Erythropoetin
Fast Na channels
22. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Lipoproteins
Diastole
Peripheral resistance
Erythropoetin
23. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Coronary veins
Fxn of circulatory system
24. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
nutrients
Hemoglobin
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Temperature or metabolic rate
25. Where are RBCs broken down?
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Spleen and liver
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
26. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Ca channels
Hepatic portal vein
Vagal Signal
27. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Fast Na channels
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
local autoregulation
28. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Na leak channels
fibrin
heart rate
Portal systems
29. Fat storage cells of the body
nutrients
Diastole is longer
adipocytes
Sickle cell anemia
30. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Sickle cell anemia
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Fxn of circulatory system
31. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Baroreceptors
Lipoproteins
Intercalated discs
resistance
32. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
venous return
Na leak channels
33. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
resistance
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
34. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Functional syncytium
basophil
nutrients
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
35. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
ventricles
ABO blood group
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
36. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Internodal tract
macrophage
Erythrocytes
37. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
fats
Diastole
hypoxia
adrenergic tone
38. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Fxn of circulatory system
Coronary arteries
Cardiac muscle cells
Diastole
39. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
SA node
Sickle cell anemia
Coronary veins
serum
40. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
ABO blood group
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
atria and ventricles
41. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Na leak channels
bilirubin
bone marrow
venous return
42. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Blood plasma
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
fibrin
43. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Tense
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
adrenergic tone
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
44. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Waste
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Capillaries
Portal systems
45. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Waste
Inflammation
Temperature or metabolic rate
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
46. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
venous blood pressure
AV node
Systole
Frank - Starling Effect
47. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Valves of the venous system
coronary sinus
albumin
48. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Inflammation
adrenergic tone
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
systemic circulation
49. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Granulocytes
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
bilirubin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
50. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart rate
adrenergic tone
adipocytes
Thrombus