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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Coronary arteries
WBC
Cardiac muscle cells
venous blood pressure
2. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
atria and ventricles
ventricles
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
3. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
WBC
chylomicrons
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
atria and ventricles
4. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Capillaries
Slow Ca channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Systole
5. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Granulocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
Blood plasma
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
6. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
systolic blood pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Rh blood group
7. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
WBC
adrenergic tone
Baroreceptors
Rh blood group
8. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
tricuspid valve
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Erythrocytes
urea
9. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
ventricles
Inflammation
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Perfusion
10. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
local autoregulation
Lipoproteins
eosinophil
amino acids and glucose
11. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
heart
veins
Coronary veins
12. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
neutrophil
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
high osmolarity of tissues
atria
13. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
resistance
chylomicrons
Relaxed
atrioventricular valves
14. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
amino acids and glucose
atrioventricular valves
ventricles
Vagal Signal
15. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
high osmolarity of tissues
16. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Baroreceptors
Diastole
Vagal Signal
systemic arterial blood pressure
17. 2 portal systems to know
Internodal tract
Valves of the venous system
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
18. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
atrioventricular valves
urea
macrophage
Ischemia
19. 2 lymphocytes
Frank - Starling Effect
WBC
B cells and T cells
macrophage
20. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Portal systems
systemic circulation
Vagal Signal
21. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Ohm's law
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
heart rate
high osmolarity of tissues
22. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Thrombus
Diastole is longer
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
diastolic blood pressure
23. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
systemic arterial blood pressure
valves
Inflammation
Functional syncytium
24. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
Portal systems
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Thrombus
25. 2 ways to increase venous return
Bundle of His
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
adrenergic tone
nutrients
26. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
venous return
local autoregulation
Na leak channels
27. Flow of blood through a tissue
atria
Perfusion
Slow Ca channels
Cardiac muscle cells
28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Peripheral resistance
Lipoproteins
coronary sinus
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
29. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
amino acids and glucose
Hemoglobin
Rh blood group
30. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
fibrinogen
Internodal tract
Baroreceptors
31. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Na leak channels
systemic arterial blood pressure
fats
Vagal Signal
32. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Waste
local autoregulation
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Ischemia
33. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
amino acids and glucose
basophil
Fxn of circulatory system
34. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
amino acids and glucose
diastolic blood pressure
AV node
Thrombus
35. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
veins
heart
Erythrocytes
36. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Tense
bicuspid (mitral) valve
pulmonary circulation
venous return
37. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Fast Na channels
albumin
38. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
urea
Ischemia
bone marrow
fibrin
39. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Erythropoetin
fats
40. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Slow Ca channels
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
systemic circulation
41. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
Glucose
Rh blood group
Right atrium
42. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
bilirubin
Ca channels
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
43. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Perfusion
nutrients
Portal systems
Right atrium
44. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Erythropoetin
Platelet fxn
2 components of antigens
Blood plasma
45. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Sympathetic regulation of heart
arteries
venous return
46. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Perfusion
high osmolarity of tissues
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Sickle cell anemia
47. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
urea
veins
ABO blood group
Waste
48. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
stroke volume
Tense
amino acids and glucose
49. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Waste
venous blood pressure
Fast Na channels
Inflammation
50. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
adrenergic tone
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Perfusion
ABO blood group