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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Repolarization of nodes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
macrophage
cardiac output (L/min)
2. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
veins
SA node
Systole
Diastole is longer
3. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
diastolic blood pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
atria
4. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
2 components of antigens
Platelet fxn
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
5. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
Internodal tract
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
6. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
AV node
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Valves of the venous system
hemostasis
7. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
Ca channels
amino acids and glucose
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
8. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Functional syncytium
coronary sinus
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Thrombus
9. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hemostasis
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Bundle of His
10. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
Platelet fxn
megakaryocytes
diastolic blood pressure
11. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Lipoproteins
Thrombus
12. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
ABO blood group
capillaries
heart rate
Granulocytes
13. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
ABO blood group
systemic circulation
fibrinogen
14. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
varicose veins
pulse pressure
macrophage
Sickle cell anemia
15. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
bicuspid (mitral) valve
neutrophil
16. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Slow Ca channels
heart rate
Ca channels
diastolic blood pressure
17. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
Ischemia
Systole
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
18. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
fibrinogen
venous return
coronary sinus
Thrombus
19. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Systole
WBC
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
hypoxia
20. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
Vagal Signal
Diastole is longer
heart rate
21. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
fibrin
Ischemia
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
valves
22. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Sympathetic regulation of heart
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Fast Na channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
23. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
local autoregulation
Hepatic portal vein
albumin
Functional syncytium
24. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
atria
Perfusion
Valves of the venous system
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
25. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
nutrients
neutrophil
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
26. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
T- tubules
Inflammation
urea
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
27. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Erythrocytes
fibrinogen
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Sickle cell anemia
28. Where are RBCs broken down?
systolic blood pressure
Inflammation
Spleen and liver
Functional syncytium
29. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
systolic blood pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
atria and ventricles
30. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
resistance
Erythropoetin
Thrombus
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
31. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Hepatic portal vein
heart
Perfusion
Right atrium
32. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Hepatic portal vein
Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
33. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Slow Ca channels
AV node
Waste
pulse pressure
34. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
hypoxia
Right atrium
35. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Tense
local autoregulation
Rh blood group
36. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
diastolic blood pressure
venous blood pressure
pulse pressure
37. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
fats
systolic blood pressure
basophil
38. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
T- tubules
Internodal tract
venous return
Spleen and liver
39. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Ischemia
SA node
Cardiac muscle cells
Internodal tract
40. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Baroreceptors
bone marrow
Ca channels
Sympathetic regulation of heart
41. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
serum
oncotic pressure
Intercalated discs
varicose veins
42. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Coronary veins
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
fats
albumin
43. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
amino acids and glucose
Ischemia
Diastole
Hepatic portal vein
44. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Ohm's law
Vagal Signal
Erythropoetin
45. 2 chambers of the heart
local autoregulation
Capillaries
atria and ventricles
diastolic blood pressure
46. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
WBC
basophil
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
47. When do Rh antibodies develop?
atrioventricular valves
Lipoproteins
stroke volume
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
48. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
chylomicrons
Fxn of circulatory system
basophil
ventricles
49. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Fast Na channels
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Peripheral resistance
adrenergic tone
50. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
WBC
Ca channels
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs