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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






2. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






3. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






4. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






5. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






6. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






7. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






8. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






9. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






10. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






11. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






12. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






13. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






14. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






15. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






16. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






17. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






18. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






19. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






20. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






21. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






22. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






23. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






24. Universal donor






25. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






26. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






27. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






28. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






29. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






30. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






31. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






32. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






33. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






34. Universal acceptor






35. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






36. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






37. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






38. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






39. Flow of blood through a tissue






40. Purpose of erythrocytes?






41. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






42. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






43. 2 ways to increase venous return






44. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






45. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






46. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






47. Fat storage cells of the body






48. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






49. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






50. When do semilunar valves close?