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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
Perfusion
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Capillaries
2. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
capillaries
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
serum
3. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Hepatic portal vein
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
venous blood pressure
WBC
4. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
adipocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
WBC
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
5. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Spleen and liver
urea
eosinophil
Granulocytes
6. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
adrenergic tone
SA node
Coronary veins
Na leak channels
7. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
high osmolarity of tissues
diastolic blood pressure
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
8. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
atria
Thrombus
9. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
Perfusion
Diastole is longer
veins
10. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
veins
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Relaxed
11. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
resistance
Blood plasma
Lipoproteins
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
12. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Hepatic portal vein
valves
systemic circulation
Lipoproteins
13. 2 portal systems to know
Fast Na channels
Vagal Signal
Coronary arteries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
14. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Spleen and liver
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Fast Na channels
Rh blood group
15. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
adipocytes
Waste
nutrients
veins
16. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Na leak channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
coronary sinus
local autoregulation
17. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Sickle cell anemia
venous blood pressure
Intercalated discs
18. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
Erythrocytes
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Spleen and liver
19. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
20. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
local autoregulation
Coronary arteries
Erythropoetin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
21. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
atrioventricular valves
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Na leak channels
Systole
22. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
nutrients
fats
Glucose
oncotic pressure
23. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
coronary sinus
chylomicrons
24. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Glucose
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Relaxed
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
25. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Portal systems
SA node
chylomicrons
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
26. When do semilunar valves close?
amino acids and glucose
megakaryocytes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
local autoregulation
27. Fat storage cells of the body
Systole
Perfusion
venous return
adipocytes
28. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Hepatic portal vein
adipocytes
fibrinogen
Granulocytes
29. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Fxn of circulatory system
B cells and T cells
capillaries
Repolarization of nodes
30. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
Fxn of circulatory system
Tense
bone marrow
31. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
hypoxia
Thrombus
urea
Valves of the venous system
32. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
venous return
fats
Capillaries
tricuspid valve
33. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
coronary sinus
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
adipocytes
34. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Bundle of His
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Portal systems
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
35. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
pulse pressure
AV node
veins
adrenergic tone
36. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
ventricles
Hepatic portal vein
Waste
2 components of antigens
37. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
Diastole is longer
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
38. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Systole
ABO blood group
B cells and T cells
T- tubules
39. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Erythrocytes
Sympathetic regulation of heart
albumin
40. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Thrombus
high osmolarity of tissues
pulmonary circulation
Hepatic portal vein
41. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
ventricles
Spleen and liver
42. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
Intercalated discs
Tense
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
43. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
atria and ventricles
Tense
Spleen and liver
veins
44. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
hypoxia
Frank - Starling Effect
systemic circulation
Ohm's law
45. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Ca channels
systolic blood pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
SA node
46. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
varicose veins
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
systolic blood pressure
Internodal tract
47. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
atria and ventricles
adrenergic tone
varicose veins
48. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Rh blood group
Na leak channels
Glucose
atria
49. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Slow Ca channels
basophil
Na leak channels
50. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
Cardiac muscle cells
Relaxed
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases