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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Waste
Sympathetic regulation of heart
high osmolarity of tissues
neutrophil
2. Fat storage cells of the body
Sickle cell anemia
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
adipocytes
Na leak channels
3. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
atrioventricular valves
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
high osmolarity of tissues
4. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
systemic arterial blood pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
heart rate
5. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Capillaries
Right atrium
arteries
6. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
systemic arterial blood pressure
7. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Slow Ca channels
coronary sinus
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
bone marrow
8. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Tense
9. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
Cardiac muscle cells
chylomicrons
diastolic blood pressure
10. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
adrenergic tone
arteries
systolic blood pressure
veins
11. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Fast Na channels
Vagal Signal
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
fibrinogen
12. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Temperature or metabolic rate
Waste
Frank - Starling Effect
fibrinogen
13. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Ischemia
local autoregulation
Portal systems
veins
14. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
atria and ventricles
Relaxed
oncotic pressure
B cells and T cells
15. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
adrenergic tone
Ischemia
bilirubin
16. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Diastole is longer
pulse pressure
venous return
17. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
hemostasis
Fxn of circulatory system
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
18. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Perfusion
fibrin
19. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Coronary arteries
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
20. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Repolarization of nodes
atrioventricular valves
ABO blood group
urea
21. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
fats
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
local autoregulation
SA node
22. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
tricuspid valve
systolic blood pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
Glucose
23. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Perfusion
B cells and T cells
arteries
ventricles
24. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Frank - Starling Effect
fibrin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
25. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
bone marrow
Blood plasma
Cardiac muscle cells
fats
26. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Sympathetic regulation of heart
capillaries
Platelet fxn
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
27. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Fast Na channels
Spleen and liver
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Hemoglobin
28. What is the direct cause of edema?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Slow Ca channels
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Valves of the venous system
29. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Waste
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Systole
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
30. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Granulocytes
systemic circulation
atrioventricular valves
31. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
nutrients
Erythrocytes
veins
Baroreceptors
32. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
serum
Functional syncytium
Peripheral resistance
eosinophil
33. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Sickle cell anemia
venous return
Coronary arteries
Repolarization of nodes
34. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
tricuspid valve
35. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
bone marrow
Intercalated discs
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Repolarization of nodes
36. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Ohm's law
nutrients
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Systole
37. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
systemic arterial blood pressure
Hemoglobin
stroke volume
hemostasis
38. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Capillaries
fibrin
albumin
39. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
B cells and T cells
Baroreceptors
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Functional syncytium
40. When do semilunar valves close?
Ischemia
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
atria
basophil
41. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
amino acids and glucose
Erythrocytes
42. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
venous return
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
adipocytes
43. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
Bundle of His
SA node
diastolic blood pressure
44. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
pulmonary circulation
Coronary arteries
45. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
pulse pressure
nutrients
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hemophilia
46. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Portal systems
varicose veins
Cardiac muscle cells
47. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
high osmolarity of tissues
stroke volume
hemostasis
48. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Relaxed
Na leak channels
B cells and T cells
Valves of the venous system
49. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Sympathetic regulation of heart
nutrients
50. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Relaxed
neutrophil
Repolarization of nodes
T- tubules