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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Fast Na channels
Hemoglobin
Inflammation
Coronary arteries
2. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
urea
bone marrow
Coronary arteries
Ohm's law
3. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
neutrophil
Platelet fxn
Cardiac muscle cells
4. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
veins
Lipoproteins
systemic arterial blood pressure
hypoxia
5. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Lipoproteins
Blood plasma
Sympathetic regulation of heart
tricuspid valve
6. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
local autoregulation
nutrients
Sympathetic regulation of heart
7. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
adrenergic tone
capillaries
venous blood pressure
bone marrow
8. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
B cells and T cells
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
arteries
9. Fat storage cells of the body
Cardiac muscle cells
eosinophil
adipocytes
veins
10. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
basophil
Systole
valves
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
11. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
systemic circulation
Bundle of His
WBC
12. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Intercalated discs
Waste
atria and ventricles
13. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Na leak channels
Temperature or metabolic rate
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
albumin
14. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Rh blood group
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
fats
15. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Inflammation
Intercalated discs
Ca channels
16. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
T- tubules
Ischemia
tricuspid valve
17. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
varicose veins
2 components of antigens
hypoxia
18. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
SA node
Functional syncytium
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
19. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Systole
SA node
B cells and T cells
Relaxed
20. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
pulmonary circulation
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
varicose veins
Functional syncytium
21. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
urea
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Right atrium
22. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
adrenergic tone
heart
resistance
23. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Frank - Starling Effect
atria and ventricles
venous return
Sickle cell anemia
24. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
ventricles
high osmolarity of tissues
Internodal tract
Right atrium
25. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
atrioventricular valves
B cells and T cells
26. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
T- tubules
diastolic blood pressure
Relaxed
megakaryocytes
27. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
bilirubin
coronary sinus
Platelet fxn
Vagal Signal
28. 2 lymphocytes
hemophilia
bicuspid (mitral) valve
B cells and T cells
hemostasis
29. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
amino acids and glucose
venous blood pressure
hemophilia
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
30. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
fibrin
31. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
Diastole is longer
pulmonary circulation
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
32. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Internodal tract
albumin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
33. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Fxn of circulatory system
arteries
cardiac output (L/min)
34. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
serum
macrophage
Blood plasma
stroke volume
35. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
venous return
WBC
amino acids and glucose
ABO blood group
36. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
chylomicrons
heart
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
local autoregulation
37. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
capillaries
fats
Ca channels
38. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Thrombus
heart rate
Peripheral resistance
Frank - Starling Effect
39. Where are RBCs broken down?
Capillaries
high osmolarity of tissues
Repolarization of nodes
Spleen and liver
40. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
local autoregulation
Vagal Signal
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
41. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Repolarization of nodes
hypoxia
Blood plasma
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
42. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
cardiac output (L/min)
adipocytes
Valves of the venous system
43. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Relaxed
44. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
cardiac output (L/min)
AV node
urea
45. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Vagal Signal
Temperature or metabolic rate
capillaries
T- tubules
46. What is the direct cause of edema?
serum
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
47. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
T- tubules
urea
arteries
48. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
arteries
Systole
diastolic blood pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
49. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
SA node
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Coronary veins
50. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
hypoxia
stroke volume
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