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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
systemic arterial blood pressure
Portal systems
nutrients
Erythrocytes
2. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Intercalated discs
Systole
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Internodal tract
3. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
megakaryocytes
Vagal Signal
WBC
4. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
fibrinogen
Blood plasma
Capillaries
5. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
adrenergic tone
basophil
nutrients
6. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Ohm's law
Intercalated discs
bone marrow
7. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Ca channels
Functional syncytium
Systole
Ohm's law
8. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
fibrinogen
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Right atrium
oncotic pressure
9. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Erythrocytes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
10. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
atrioventricular valves
Baroreceptors
Spleen and liver
Temperature or metabolic rate
11. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Slow Ca channels
Inflammation
bilirubin
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
12. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
veins
Waste
Diastole is longer
pulse pressure
13. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Granulocytes
14. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Rh blood group
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
diastolic blood pressure
15. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Repolarization of nodes
Cardiac muscle cells
heart
16. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
Hepatic portal vein
fats
coronary sinus
17. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
T- tubules
Diastole is longer
bone marrow
Ca channels
18. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Lipoproteins
Capillaries
cardiac output (L/min)
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
19. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
cardiac output (L/min)
Tense
Vagal Signal
20. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
hemostasis
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
serum
oncotic pressure
21. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Vagal Signal
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
venous blood pressure
varicose veins
22. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
venous return
Na leak channels
Granulocytes
resistance
23. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
T- tubules
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
24. When do semilunar valves close?
Internodal tract
Hepatic portal vein
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Vagal Signal
25. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Cardiac muscle cells
Frank - Starling Effect
bilirubin
SA node
26. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
2 components of antigens
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Perfusion
27. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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28. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
veins
Fxn of circulatory system
bilirubin
Coronary veins
29. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Coronary arteries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
fats
30. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
AV node
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hemophilia
diastolic blood pressure
31. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Internodal tract
Tense
Cardiac muscle cells
bilirubin
32. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Thrombus
Granulocytes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Frank - Starling Effect
33. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Coronary arteries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Repolarization of nodes
hemophilia
34. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Bundle of His
SA node
Functional syncytium
Frank - Starling Effect
35. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
WBC
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
SA node
36. Universal acceptor
bone marrow
capillaries
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Fxn of circulatory system
37. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
hypoxia
Diastole
systemic arterial blood pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
38. Universal donor
AV node
Blood plasma
fibrin
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
39. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Fxn of circulatory system
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
hypoxia
40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
hemostasis
Lipoproteins
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
41. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Blood plasma
megakaryocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
AV node
42. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
systemic arterial blood pressure
Perfusion
ABO blood group
venous return
43. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
basophil
Ischemia
Spleen and liver
44. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
hemostasis
Tense
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Granulocytes
45. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
heart
Glucose
Cardiac muscle cells
Hepatic portal vein
46. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
hypoxia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
47. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Thrombus
cardiac output (L/min)
Fast Na channels
48. When do Rh antibodies develop?
urea
Perfusion
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Coronary veins
49. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
pulse pressure
2 components of antigens
Diastole is longer
Fast Na channels
50. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
systolic blood pressure
Lipoproteins
Capillaries