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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
WBC
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
2. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Diastole
Sickle cell anemia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Systole
3. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
fats
Platelet fxn
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Glucose
4. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
varicose veins
hypoxia
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
systolic blood pressure
5. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
Slow Ca channels
bone marrow
Waste
6. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Internodal tract
Ischemia
venous return
7. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
megakaryocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
capillaries
Intercalated discs
8. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Relaxed
coronary sinus
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
9. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Erythrocytes
local autoregulation
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
10. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Repolarization of nodes
Internodal tract
venous blood pressure
fats
11. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
pulse pressure
Spleen and liver
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
12. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
capillaries
Valves of the venous system
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
13. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
chylomicrons
high osmolarity of tissues
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
stroke volume
14. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Sickle cell anemia
veins
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
diastolic blood pressure
15. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
hypoxia
Diastole is longer
Ohm's law
16. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
pulse pressure
venous blood pressure
SA node
17. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Coronary veins
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
T- tubules
18. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
Cardiac muscle cells
Intercalated discs
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
19. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
adrenergic tone
Fxn of circulatory system
fats
valves
20. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
systemic circulation
Ischemia
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
arteries
21. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
pulse pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
local autoregulation
22. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
venous return
serum
Erythrocytes
coronary sinus
23. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Diastole is longer
fats
Rh blood group
heart rate
24. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Valves of the venous system
Lipoproteins
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
2 components of antigens
25. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
ventricles
T- tubules
nutrients
stroke volume
26. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Intercalated discs
Bundle of His
Ohm's law
tricuspid valve
27. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
systemic arterial blood pressure
varicose veins
atrioventricular valves
tricuspid valve
28. Universal acceptor
Baroreceptors
heart rate
capillaries
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
29. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
fats
ABO blood group
Bundle of His
Intercalated discs
30. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
albumin
Intercalated discs
Frank - Starling Effect
systemic arterial blood pressure
31. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
basophil
nutrients
Diastole is longer
Thrombus
32. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
coronary sinus
Valves of the venous system
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Perfusion
33. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
urea
albumin
WBC
eosinophil
34. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
venous blood pressure
systemic arterial blood pressure
chylomicrons
Hepatic portal vein
35. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Internodal tract
arteries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
diastolic blood pressure
36. 2 chambers of the heart
B cells and T cells
fats
atria and ventricles
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
37. When do Rh antibodies develop?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Spleen and liver
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
38. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
atria
Hemoglobin
fats
39. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
hemophilia
Coronary veins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
40. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
tricuspid valve
Diastole
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
41. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
megakaryocytes
42. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
diastolic blood pressure
SA node
Coronary veins
43. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Intercalated discs
Portal systems
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Vagal Signal
44. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
albumin
Peripheral resistance
Hepatic portal vein
tricuspid valve
45. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Erythrocytes
systolic blood pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Valves of the venous system
46. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Right atrium
arteries
fibrin
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
47. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Portal systems
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Slow Ca channels
Diastole is longer
48. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
2 components of antigens
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
49. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Fxn of circulatory system
bone marrow
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
valves
50. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
nutrients
urea
coronary sinus