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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Ohm's law
basophil
megakaryocytes
2. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
resistance
Na leak channels
Systole
Coronary arteries
3. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Peripheral resistance
resistance
Slow Ca channels
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
4. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Diastole is longer
Valves of the venous system
Frank - Starling Effect
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
5. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
venous return
Internodal tract
hemophilia
bicuspid (mitral) valve
6. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Ca channels
ventricles
hemostasis
Diastole
7. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
albumin
valves
Baroreceptors
Capillaries
8. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Na leak channels
Slow Ca channels
hypoxia
Glucose
9. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
chylomicrons
Diastole is longer
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
10. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Capillaries
cardiac output (L/min)
11. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Waste
eosinophil
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
stroke volume
12. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Hepatic portal vein
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Diastole is longer
capillaries
13. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
arteries
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Temperature or metabolic rate
Slow Ca channels
14. 2 ways to increase venous return
hemophilia
ventricles
macrophage
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
15. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Valves of the venous system
macrophage
16. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
tricuspid valve
diastolic blood pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
17. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
local autoregulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Fast Na channels
18. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
pulse pressure
Waste
19. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Blood plasma
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
veins
hemostasis
20. Number of systole contractions per unit time
varicose veins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
heart rate
21. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
Hepatic portal vein
Intercalated discs
high osmolarity of tissues
22. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Na leak channels
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
23. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
veins
amino acids and glucose
Rh blood group
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
24. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Ischemia
Platelet fxn
ABO blood group
Thrombus
25. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
hypoxia
Baroreceptors
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
capillaries
26. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
cardiac output (L/min)
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
systemic circulation
27. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Rh blood group
urea
28. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Right atrium
tricuspid valve
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
29. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Functional syncytium
hemophilia
Sympathetic regulation of heart
heart rate
30. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
AV node
resistance
pulmonary circulation
Lipoproteins
31. Universal acceptor
atrioventricular valves
Temperature or metabolic rate
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
32. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
diastolic blood pressure
hemostasis
arteries
Erythrocytes
33. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Blood plasma
megakaryocytes
serum
albumin
34. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Coronary arteries
nutrients
Hepatic portal vein
Waste
35. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
36. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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37. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Erythrocytes
arteries
Vagal Signal
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
38. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
cardiac output (L/min)
Hemoglobin
AV node
fats
39. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
nutrients
Granulocytes
ventricles
40. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
serum
Erythropoetin
Ischemia
41. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
2 components of antigens
Sickle cell anemia
Portal systems
Erythrocytes
42. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
resistance
systolic blood pressure
B cells and T cells
bilirubin
43. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
2 components of antigens
Thrombus
Cardiac muscle cells
Ohm's law
44. Where are RBCs broken down?
Hepatic portal vein
Spleen and liver
macrophage
Hemoglobin
45. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Perfusion
Inflammation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
46. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Coronary arteries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
hypoxia
valves
47. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Valves of the venous system
venous blood pressure
48. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Frank - Starling Effect
Baroreceptors
amino acids and glucose
atria
49. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
fibrinogen
fibrin
Relaxed
50. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
varicose veins
pulmonary circulation
Repolarization of nodes
atria