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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
fibrin
atria
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
adrenergic tone
2. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
atrioventricular valves
Right atrium
high osmolarity of tissues
fats
3. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
urea
Baroreceptors
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
4. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Diastole is longer
eosinophil
Granulocytes
nutrients
5. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
amino acids and glucose
megakaryocytes
heart rate
capillaries
6. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
serum
Inflammation
albumin
Tense
7. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
heart rate
basophil
valves
Vagal Signal
8. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
heart rate
Slow Ca channels
neutrophil
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
9. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
Ca channels
Systole
AV node
10. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Functional syncytium
fibrinogen
Na leak channels
WBC
11. Universal acceptor
Inflammation
systemic arterial blood pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
oncotic pressure
12. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
fats
atrioventricular valves
systemic arterial blood pressure
13. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
systemic arterial blood pressure
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
pulmonary circulation
fibrinogen
14. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
atrioventricular valves
Na leak channels
cardiac output (L/min)
stroke volume
15. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
oncotic pressure
Inflammation
Hemoglobin
neutrophil
16. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
adipocytes
Ischemia
Diastole
fibrin
17. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
albumin
SA node
Temperature or metabolic rate
18. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
systolic blood pressure
Frank - Starling Effect
19. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
nutrients
Ca channels
Baroreceptors
20. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
T- tubules
Fast Na channels
Cardiac muscle cells
Right atrium
21. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
fibrinogen
albumin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
venous return
22. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
serum
local autoregulation
Erythropoetin
23. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
coronary sinus
fibrinogen
ventricles
local autoregulation
24. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Fast Na channels
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
hypoxia
25. Where are RBCs broken down?
Coronary arteries
Erythropoetin
Spleen and liver
resistance
26. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
high osmolarity of tissues
AV node
Platelet fxn
atria and ventricles
27. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Hemoglobin
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Glucose
Coronary veins
28. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
tricuspid valve
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
WBC
29. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Rh blood group
B cells and T cells
Sickle cell anemia
adrenergic tone
30. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
albumin
bone marrow
venous blood pressure
Valves of the venous system
31. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart rate
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
SA node
chylomicrons
32. When do semilunar valves close?
Functional syncytium
Perfusion
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Hepatic portal vein
33. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
ventricles
systemic circulation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
34. 2 portal systems to know
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Coronary arteries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
35. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
systemic circulation
arteries
Lipoproteins
Waste
36. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
bone marrow
Fast Na channels
Coronary veins
37. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
WBC
high osmolarity of tissues
Glucose
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
38. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Hemoglobin
valves
SA node
macrophage
39. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
systolic blood pressure
B cells and T cells
Fxn of circulatory system
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
40. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
basophil
ABO blood group
Systole
Coronary veins
41. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
adipocytes
serum
42. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
neutrophil
Platelet fxn
Ohm's law
43. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
amino acids and glucose
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
hypoxia
T- tubules
44. What is the direct cause of edema?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Frank - Starling Effect
Internodal tract
45. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
adipocytes
adrenergic tone
Frank - Starling Effect
Blood plasma
46. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Perfusion
Frank - Starling Effect
ventricles
Bundle of His
47. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Sympathetic regulation of heart
hemophilia
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
albumin
48. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
systemic circulation
atria
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
49. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
chylomicrons
WBC
Bundle of His
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
50. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Internodal tract
fats
eosinophil
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood