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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 chambers of the heart






2. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






3. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






4. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






5. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






6. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






7. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






8. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






9. Purpose of erythrocytes?






10. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






11. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






12. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






13. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






14. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






15. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






16. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






17. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






18. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






19. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






20. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






21. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






22. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






23. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






24. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






25. What is the direct cause of edema?






26. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






27. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






28. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






29. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






30. Universal acceptor






31. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






32. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






33. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






34. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






35. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






36. When do semilunar valves close?






37. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






38. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






39. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






40. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






41. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






42. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






43. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






44. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






45. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






47. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






48. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






49. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






50. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures