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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






2. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






3. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






4. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






5. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






6. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






7. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






8. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






9. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






10. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






11. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






12. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






13. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






14. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






15. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






16. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






18. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






19. 2 ways to increase venous return






20. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






21. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






22. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






23. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






24. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






25. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






26. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






27. Flow of blood through a tissue






28. When do semilunar valves close?






29. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






30. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






31. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






32. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






33. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






34. What is the direct cause of edema?






35. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






36. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






37. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






38. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






39. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






40. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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41. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






42. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






43. Purpose of erythrocytes?






44. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






45. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






46. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






47. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






48. Fat storage cells of the body






49. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






50. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins