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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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2. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Cardiac muscle cells
serum
Tense
3. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
pulmonary circulation
T- tubules
nutrients
serum
4. Universal donor
T- tubules
Coronary veins
eosinophil
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
5. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
valves
Hemoglobin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
6. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
neutrophil
venous return
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
7. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Internodal tract
SA node
fibrin
Repolarization of nodes
8. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Thrombus
high osmolarity of tissues
Capillaries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
9. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Na leak channels
SA node
neutrophil
adrenergic tone
10. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
chylomicrons
atrioventricular valves
Valves of the venous system
fibrin
11. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Relaxed
Intercalated discs
Systole
12. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Ischemia
diastolic blood pressure
Diastole is longer
Intercalated discs
13. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Slow Ca channels
Baroreceptors
ABO blood group
Relaxed
14. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Capillaries
Cardiac muscle cells
basophil
Portal systems
15. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
valves
high osmolarity of tissues
Glucose
16. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Inflammation
heart rate
Spleen and liver
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
17. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
T- tubules
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
18. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Platelet fxn
Hepatic portal vein
Thrombus
Diastole
19. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
macrophage
Peripheral resistance
local autoregulation
SA node
20. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
Systole
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
21. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Portal systems
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Na leak channels
Coronary veins
22. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Fxn of circulatory system
oncotic pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
23. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
macrophage
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
24. 2 portal systems to know
Blood plasma
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
macrophage
Sickle cell anemia
25. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
atria
hemostasis
atria and ventricles
26. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
cardiac output (L/min)
AV node
27. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Ischemia
fats
28. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
albumin
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
high osmolarity of tissues
29. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Diastole
Erythrocytes
Temperature or metabolic rate
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
30. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Intercalated discs
atria and ventricles
Fxn of circulatory system
atrioventricular valves
31. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
fats
Rh blood group
stroke volume
ventricles
32. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
cardiac output (L/min)
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Rh blood group
basophil
33. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
atria and ventricles
Frank - Starling Effect
pulmonary circulation
34. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
fibrinogen
Erythrocytes
Tense
35. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Fxn of circulatory system
Ca channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
36. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
megakaryocytes
serum
Diastole
37. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Thrombus
hypoxia
Fast Na channels
bicuspid (mitral) valve
38. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
nutrients
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Waste
39. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Ohm's law
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
40. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
WBC
Frank - Starling Effect
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
41. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
Waste
hypoxia
WBC
42. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Ca channels
Platelet fxn
Vagal Signal
resistance
43. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Hepatic portal vein
ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Diastole is longer
44. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
local autoregulation
Frank - Starling Effect
45. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Erythropoetin
bilirubin
Relaxed
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
46. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
neutrophil
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Bundle of His
Frank - Starling Effect
47. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Sickle cell anemia
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
AV node
Baroreceptors
48. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
pulmonary circulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Sickle cell anemia
venous return
49. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
T- tubules
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
50. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
atria and ventricles
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
eosinophil
Hemoglobin
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