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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






2. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






3. Universal donor






4. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






5. Fat storage cells of the body






6. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






7. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






8. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






9. 2 portal systems to know






10. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






11. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






12. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






14. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






15. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






16. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






17. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






18. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






19. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






20. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






21. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






22. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






23. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






24. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






25. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






26. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






27. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






28. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






29. Purpose of erythrocytes?






30. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






31. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






32. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






33. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






34. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






35. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






36. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






37. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






38. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






39. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






40. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






41. 2 chambers of the heart






42. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






43. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






44. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






45. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






46. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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47. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






48. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






49. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






50. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)