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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






2. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






3. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






4. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






5. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






6. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






7. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






8. Universal donor






9. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






10. Where are RBCs broken down?






11. Number of systole contractions per unit time






12. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






13. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






14. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






15. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






16. 2 portal systems to know






17. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






18. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






19. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






20. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






21. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






22. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






23. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






24. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






25. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






26. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






27. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






28. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






29. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






30. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






31. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






32. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






33. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






34. What is the direct cause of edema?






35. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






36. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






37. 2 ways to increase venous return






38. Purpose of erythrocytes?






39. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






40. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






41. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






42. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






43. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






44. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






45. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






46. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






47. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






48. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






49. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






50. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2