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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
basophil
Intercalated discs
Erythrocytes
atria and ventricles
2. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
macrophage
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Sympathetic regulation of heart
albumin
3. When do semilunar valves close?
Perfusion
oncotic pressure
Right atrium
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
4. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Hemoglobin
arteries
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
venous blood pressure
5. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Lipoproteins
ventricles
pulse pressure
Blood plasma
6. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Spleen and liver
Temperature or metabolic rate
Inflammation
Rh blood group
7. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
oncotic pressure
heart rate
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
8. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
fibrinogen
basophil
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
9. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
systemic circulation
Perfusion
stroke volume
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
10. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Spleen and liver
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
WBC
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
11. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Perfusion
Peripheral resistance
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
adrenergic tone
12. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
neutrophil
basophil
systolic blood pressure
13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Relaxed
nutrients
chylomicrons
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
14. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
atria
2 components of antigens
Internodal tract
Coronary veins
15. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
valves
Ischemia
coronary sinus
bone marrow
16. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
coronary sinus
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
chylomicrons
17. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
B cells and T cells
Sickle cell anemia
T- tubules
18. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
urea
high osmolarity of tissues
ventricles
hypoxia
19. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
varicose veins
Inflammation
Baroreceptors
Glucose
20. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
stroke volume
AV node
systemic arterial blood pressure
21. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Temperature or metabolic rate
heart
Erythropoetin
Rh blood group
22. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
atria and ventricles
local autoregulation
chylomicrons
23. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
stroke volume
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
valves
nutrients
24. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Vagal Signal
Coronary arteries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Rh blood group
25. 2 portal systems to know
Ca channels
basophil
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
26. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Sickle cell anemia
amino acids and glucose
Granulocytes
Ischemia
27. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
fibrin
Frank - Starling Effect
hypoxia
28. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Spleen and liver
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Relaxed
high osmolarity of tissues
29. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
serum
Erythropoetin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
30. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
AV node
systemic circulation
ventricles
31. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
heart
atrioventricular valves
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Tense
32. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
arteries
Granulocytes
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
2 components of antigens
33. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
basophil
arteries
fats
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
34. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Fxn of circulatory system
varicose veins
35. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
amino acids and glucose
Coronary arteries
Portal systems
T- tubules
36. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Na leak channels
atria
Coronary arteries
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
37. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
adipocytes
Vagal Signal
Thrombus
38. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Slow Ca channels
T- tubules
Vagal Signal
Lipoproteins
39. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Erythropoetin
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
hemophilia
40. What is the direct cause of edema?
Frank - Starling Effect
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
AV node
41. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Systole
nutrients
bone marrow
urea
42. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Intercalated discs
Temperature or metabolic rate
capillaries
Tense
43. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Spleen and liver
Platelet fxn
44. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Platelet fxn
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
venous return
resistance
45. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
pulmonary circulation
ventricles
bone marrow
SA node
46. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Granulocytes
capillaries
B cells and T cells
local autoregulation
47. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Na leak channels
diastolic blood pressure
fibrinogen
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
48. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
local autoregulation
Platelet fxn
high osmolarity of tissues
Na leak channels
49. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Coronary veins
atria
eosinophil
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
50. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
systemic arterial blood pressure
Peripheral resistance
Inflammation