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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
B cells and T cells
ventricles
Capillaries
2. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
macrophage
Valves of the venous system
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Erythropoetin
3. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
resistance
hemostasis
Ohm's law
ABO blood group
4. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Frank - Starling Effect
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
systemic circulation
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
5. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Sympathetic regulation of heart
varicose veins
Na leak channels
AV node
6. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Fast Na channels
Blood plasma
Bundle of His
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
7. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Slow Ca channels
tricuspid valve
fibrin
Rh blood group
8. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
atria and ventricles
Right atrium
Functional syncytium
Baroreceptors
9. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
T- tubules
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
WBC
heart rate
10. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Hepatic portal vein
Repolarization of nodes
veins
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
11. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Temperature or metabolic rate
venous blood pressure
WBC
venous return
12. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
Bundle of His
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
venous blood pressure
13. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Systole
neutrophil
amino acids and glucose
Hepatic portal vein
14. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
AV node
albumin
hemophilia
2 components of antigens
15. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Slow Ca channels
Portal systems
Cardiac muscle cells
Frank - Starling Effect
16. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Lipoproteins
pulmonary circulation
Fast Na channels
Frank - Starling Effect
17. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Coronary arteries
atrioventricular valves
nutrients
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
18. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
Slow Ca channels
venous blood pressure
bilirubin
19. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Right atrium
albumin
20. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Lipoproteins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Systole
21. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Blood plasma
megakaryocytes
SA node
22. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Platelet fxn
B cells and T cells
Bundle of His
high osmolarity of tissues
23. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
diastolic blood pressure
Glucose
Peripheral resistance
24. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
T- tubules
Ohm's law
tricuspid valve
Ischemia
25. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Tense
Frank - Starling Effect
diastolic blood pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
26. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Functional syncytium
Slow Ca channels
coronary sinus
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
27. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Fast Na channels
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
28. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Bundle of His
Repolarization of nodes
Cardiac muscle cells
neutrophil
29. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
venous blood pressure
Inflammation
macrophage
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
30. 2 chambers of the heart
Lipoproteins
atria and ventricles
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
local autoregulation
31. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Baroreceptors
Fast Na channels
fibrin
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
32. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Rh blood group
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
veins
adipocytes
33. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
fibrin
Functional syncytium
fats
34. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
pulmonary circulation
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Sickle cell anemia
serum
35. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Platelet fxn
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
36. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Bundle of His
pulse pressure
Sickle cell anemia
bone marrow
37. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
fibrin
Cardiac muscle cells
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
38. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Cardiac muscle cells
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
urea
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
39. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Temperature or metabolic rate
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
40. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
ABO blood group
megakaryocytes
arteries
Coronary arteries
41. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
42. Where are RBCs broken down?
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
stroke volume
Temperature or metabolic rate
Spleen and liver
43. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
high osmolarity of tissues
Vagal Signal
Temperature or metabolic rate
44. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
eosinophil
oncotic pressure
AV node
atria
45. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
Systole
Hemoglobin
veins
46. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Functional syncytium
Vagal Signal
Thrombus
47. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Waste
Rh blood group
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
48. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Ischemia
hemophilia
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
49. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Bundle of His
Diastole
50. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Hemoglobin
venous return
eosinophil
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.