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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






2. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






3. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






4. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






5. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






6. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






7. Where are RBCs broken down?






8. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






9. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






10. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






11. Universal donor






12. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






13. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






14. What is the direct cause of edema?






15. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






16. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






17. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






18. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






19. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






20. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






21. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






22. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






23. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






24. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






25. 2 lymphocytes






26. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






27. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






28. Flow of blood through a tissue






29. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






30. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






31. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






32. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






33. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






34. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






35. When do semilunar valves close?






36. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






37. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






38. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






39. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






40. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






41. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






42. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






43. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






44. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






45. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






46. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






47. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






48. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






49. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






50. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins