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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
serum
Erythrocytes
hypoxia
2. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
basophil
stroke volume
fats
Waste
3. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
arteries
Sickle cell anemia
venous return
4. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
resistance
Diastole
systemic circulation
5. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
systolic blood pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
6. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
Fast Na channels
heart rate
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
7. Flow of blood through a tissue
Internodal tract
Functional syncytium
Perfusion
Coronary veins
8. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
serum
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Granulocytes
9. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
high osmolarity of tissues
Systole
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
systemic circulation
10. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
resistance
local autoregulation
Bundle of His
arteries
11. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Ischemia
resistance
Platelet fxn
bicuspid (mitral) valve
12. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
basophil
Functional syncytium
neutrophil
valves
13. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
cardiac output (L/min)
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Vagal Signal
Ischemia
14. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
pulse pressure
15. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Granulocytes
Lipoproteins
Fast Na channels
Platelet fxn
16. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
coronary sinus
Portal systems
17. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
bilirubin
adrenergic tone
B cells and T cells
venous return
18. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
T- tubules
arteries
Ischemia
19. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
arteries
Platelet fxn
Internodal tract
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
20. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
basophil
veins
bilirubin
21. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
diastolic blood pressure
Hemoglobin
Granulocytes
T- tubules
22. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
oncotic pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
Peripheral resistance
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
23. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Internodal tract
Sympathetic regulation of heart
24. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Diastole is longer
urea
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Fxn of circulatory system
25. Universal acceptor
tricuspid valve
heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
26. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
atrioventricular valves
Sickle cell anemia
bilirubin
pulmonary circulation
27. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Hemoglobin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Slow Ca channels
Glucose
28. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Sickle cell anemia
SA node
Valves of the venous system
Na leak channels
29. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
Spleen and liver
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
adipocytes
30. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Lipoproteins
Systole
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Capillaries
31. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Internodal tract
tricuspid valve
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Bundle of His
32. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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33. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Peripheral resistance
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
stroke volume
Intercalated discs
34. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
oncotic pressure
Coronary arteries
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
35. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
eosinophil
B cells and T cells
Portal systems
Ca channels
36. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
B cells and T cells
macrophage
hemophilia
albumin
37. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Repolarization of nodes
diastolic blood pressure
amino acids and glucose
Coronary veins
38. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
macrophage
Coronary arteries
oncotic pressure
AV node
39. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Granulocytes
varicose veins
serum
eosinophil
40. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
megakaryocytes
Right atrium
Thrombus
Intercalated discs
41. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Ohm's law
atria and ventricles
capillaries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
42. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Diastole is longer
2 components of antigens
resistance
Na leak channels
43. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Intercalated discs
Relaxed
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
44. Universal donor
serum
Perfusion
veins
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
45. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Blood plasma
tricuspid valve
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac muscle cells
46. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
eosinophil
fibrinogen
Functional syncytium
Fxn of circulatory system
47. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Temperature or metabolic rate
Thrombus
Ischemia
Repolarization of nodes
48. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
oncotic pressure
Thrombus
Fxn of circulatory system
49. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
Capillaries
Rh blood group
heart rate
50. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Intercalated discs
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Sympathetic regulation of heart
stroke volume