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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






2. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






3. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






4. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






5. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






6. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






7. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






8. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






9. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






10. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






11. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






12. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






13. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






14. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






15. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






16. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






17. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






18. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






19. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






20. Universal donor






21. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






22. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






23. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






24. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






25. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






26. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






27. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






29. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






30. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






31. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






32. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






33. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






34. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






35. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






36. 2 chambers of the heart






37. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






38. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






39. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






40. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






41. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






43. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






44. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






45. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






46. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






47. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






48. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






49. What is the direct cause of edema?






50. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone