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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






2. When do semilunar valves close?






3. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






4. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






5. Flow of blood through a tissue






6. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






7. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






8. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






9. 2 chambers of the heart






10. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






11. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






12. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






13. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






14. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






15. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






16. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






17. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






18. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






19. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






20. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






21. Fat storage cells of the body






22. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






23. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






24. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






25. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






26. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






27. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






28. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






29. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






30. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






31. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






32. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






33. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






34. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






35. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






36. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






37. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






38. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






39. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






40. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






41. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






42. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






43. Purpose of erythrocytes?






44. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






45. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






46. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






47. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






48. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






49. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






50. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream