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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
albumin
fats
diastolic blood pressure
2. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
venous blood pressure
Valves of the venous system
Coronary veins
3. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
urea
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Internodal tract
Repolarization of nodes
4. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
albumin
atria
5. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Fast Na channels
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
adipocytes
SA node
6. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
diastolic blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
nutrients
7. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Portal systems
Platelet fxn
coronary sinus
8. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Erythrocytes
capillaries
fibrin
9. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
megakaryocytes
Right atrium
10. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Inflammation
fibrin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
2 components of antigens
11. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
albumin
Vagal Signal
Spleen and liver
high osmolarity of tissues
12. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
13. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
varicose veins
Erythropoetin
bilirubin
Systole
14. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
venous return
bone marrow
Baroreceptors
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
15. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
atria
Systole
arteries
16. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Intercalated discs
Sympathetic regulation of heart
amino acids and glucose
Granulocytes
17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
WBC
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Blood plasma
Thrombus
18. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Thrombus
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
fibrinogen
eosinophil
19. 2 ways to increase venous return
adrenergic tone
Capillaries
fibrinogen
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
20. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Erythropoetin
Diastole is longer
Sickle cell anemia
21. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
heart rate
Bundle of His
megakaryocytes
Hemoglobin
22. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
AV node
fibrinogen
23. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
adipocytes
Valves of the venous system
Internodal tract
SA node
24. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Glucose
fats
valves
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
25. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Inflammation
Erythropoetin
heart rate
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
26. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
heart
Rh blood group
Erythrocytes
27. Flow of blood through a tissue
Repolarization of nodes
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Perfusion
28. When do semilunar valves close?
B cells and T cells
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
pulse pressure
hemostasis
29. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
B cells and T cells
Intercalated discs
hemophilia
hemostasis
30. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
diastolic blood pressure
coronary sinus
31. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
fibrin
32. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
stroke volume
systemic arterial blood pressure
Inflammation
heart
33. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
Platelet fxn
Internodal tract
pulse pressure
34. What is the direct cause of edema?
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
chylomicrons
35. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
venous blood pressure
Right atrium
fibrin
36. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Fxn of circulatory system
tricuspid valve
Repolarization of nodes
37. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Diastole is longer
valves
diastolic blood pressure
Repolarization of nodes
38. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
pulse pressure
arteries
capillaries
AV node
39. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Erythrocytes
T- tubules
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Na leak channels
40. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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41. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
serum
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Portal systems
42. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
bilirubin
Diastole
adrenergic tone
varicose veins
43. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Bundle of His
hemophilia
venous blood pressure
44. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
systolic blood pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Capillaries
45. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Thrombus
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
atrioventricular valves
Ohm's law
46. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
SA node
capillaries
Na leak channels
chylomicrons
47. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Valves of the venous system
Erythropoetin
urea
Vagal Signal
48. Fat storage cells of the body
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Capillaries
Hepatic portal vein
adipocytes
49. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
venous return
Internodal tract
Platelet fxn
50. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
Systole
Hepatic portal vein
Inflammation