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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Coronary arteries
ventricles
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
tricuspid valve
2. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
fats
serum
Intercalated discs
3. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
tricuspid valve
systemic circulation
capillaries
Platelet fxn
4. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
2 components of antigens
fats
Baroreceptors
SA node
5. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
T- tubules
SA node
6. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Diastole
hemophilia
2 components of antigens
B cells and T cells
7. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
diastolic blood pressure
valves
Granulocytes
8. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
urea
Vagal Signal
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
9. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Granulocytes
cardiac output (L/min)
10. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Ischemia
resistance
B cells and T cells
Hemoglobin
11. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
Granulocytes
Erythrocytes
Coronary arteries
12. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Diastole
ventricles
Fast Na channels
capillaries
13. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
ventricles
Peripheral resistance
Erythrocytes
14. Where are RBCs broken down?
capillaries
WBC
Spleen and liver
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
15. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
macrophage
Diastole is longer
Peripheral resistance
systolic blood pressure
16. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Repolarization of nodes
WBC
Slow Ca channels
17. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Ischemia
Repolarization of nodes
adrenergic tone
Hemoglobin
18. 2 portal systems to know
arteries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
atria
Cardiac muscle cells
19. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
fats
tricuspid valve
venous blood pressure
Tense
20. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Perfusion
atrioventricular valves
Capillaries
Hemoglobin
21. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
heart
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
serum
22. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
local autoregulation
valves
Diastole is longer
23. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Platelet fxn
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Repolarization of nodes
basophil
24. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
T- tubules
Na leak channels
SA node
25. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Slow Ca channels
pulmonary circulation
26. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
AV node
Temperature or metabolic rate
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
27. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
2 components of antigens
Baroreceptors
AV node
28. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
fibrinogen
resistance
Internodal tract
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
29. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
bilirubin
Lipoproteins
atrioventricular valves
venous return
30. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Tense
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
oncotic pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
31. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Capillaries
adrenergic tone
Glucose
serum
32. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Thrombus
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Repolarization of nodes
33. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
stroke volume
Na leak channels
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
34. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Erythropoetin
Waste
Diastole is longer
chylomicrons
35. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
arteries
Cardiac muscle cells
Diastole is longer
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
36. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Ca channels
coronary sinus
fats
ABO blood group
37. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Diastole is longer
coronary sinus
hemophilia
Granulocytes
38. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
adipocytes
bilirubin
SA node
39. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Tense
hemostasis
adipocytes
adrenergic tone
40. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
amino acids and glucose
Peripheral resistance
venous return
41. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Functional syncytium
Lipoproteins
Waste
Spleen and liver
42. When do semilunar valves close?
Repolarization of nodes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Tense
43. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
cardiac output (L/min)
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
44. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
hypoxia
Frank - Starling Effect
SA node
tricuspid valve
45. Purpose of erythrocytes?
diastolic blood pressure
Sickle cell anemia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Intercalated discs
46. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
Ischemia
AV node
Systole
47. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
ventricles
venous blood pressure
hemostasis
pulse pressure
48. Number of systole contractions per unit time
megakaryocytes
Blood plasma
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart rate
49. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Thrombus
Portal systems
50. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
ABO blood group
stroke volume
Thrombus