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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
AV node
Thrombus
Bundle of His
resistance
2. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Thrombus
Repolarization of nodes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
3. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Diastole
heart rate
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Fast Na channels
4. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Cardiac muscle cells
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
bone marrow
5. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Internodal tract
Relaxed
Perfusion
nutrients
6. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
neutrophil
Peripheral resistance
ventricles
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
7. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
capillaries
atria
8. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Bundle of His
Hemoglobin
atrioventricular valves
9. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Coronary arteries
fats
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
10. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
serum
local autoregulation
megakaryocytes
coronary sinus
11. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
hemostasis
AV node
Fxn of circulatory system
Valves of the venous system
12. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
nutrients
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Vagal Signal
13. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Peripheral resistance
serum
SA node
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
14. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Capillaries
SA node
Bundle of His
15. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
Hepatic portal vein
nutrients
T- tubules
16. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Spleen and liver
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
pulmonary circulation
diastolic blood pressure
17. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
nutrients
chylomicrons
Inflammation
18. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Blood plasma
Sickle cell anemia
fibrin
19. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Na leak channels
urea
Frank - Starling Effect
fats
20. When do semilunar valves close?
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
megakaryocytes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
atrioventricular valves
21. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
eosinophil
venous blood pressure
Internodal tract
T- tubules
22. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Lipoproteins
basophil
Hemoglobin
Ca channels
23. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
24. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Right atrium
neutrophil
valves
Hepatic portal vein
25. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
systemic arterial blood pressure
Internodal tract
Blood plasma
26. Fat storage cells of the body
coronary sinus
adipocytes
fibrinogen
Ischemia
27. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
megakaryocytes
Coronary arteries
neutrophil
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
28. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Hepatic portal vein
Ca channels
2 components of antigens
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
29. Flow of blood through a tissue
Rh blood group
Lipoproteins
Perfusion
systemic arterial blood pressure
30. Number of systole contractions per unit time
pulmonary circulation
heart rate
AV node
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
31. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
arteries
macrophage
Frank - Starling Effect
32. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Fast Na channels
Perfusion
albumin
33. 2 portal systems to know
resistance
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Inflammation
34. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
Tense
Thrombus
bicuspid (mitral) valve
35. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
systemic arterial blood pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
tricuspid valve
Thrombus
36. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Relaxed
oncotic pressure
Repolarization of nodes
37. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
hemostasis
Thrombus
Frank - Starling Effect
38. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Blood plasma
diastolic blood pressure
Erythrocytes
39. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Perfusion
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Rh blood group
systemic arterial blood pressure
40. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
neutrophil
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
systemic arterial blood pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
41. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
WBC
Lipoproteins
pulse pressure
42. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Sickle cell anemia
albumin
eosinophil
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
43. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Diastole is longer
venous return
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Blood plasma
44. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
Slow Ca channels
Perfusion
venous return
45. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulse pressure
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
pulmonary circulation
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
46. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Bundle of His
cardiac output (L/min)
systemic circulation
valves
47. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
local autoregulation
Fxn of circulatory system
hypoxia
systemic arterial blood pressure
48. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Lipoproteins
macrophage
Tense
stroke volume
49. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Repolarization of nodes
coronary sinus
chylomicrons
Functional syncytium
50. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Intercalated discs
SA node
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction