Test your basic knowledge |

MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






2. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






3. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






4. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






5. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






6. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






7. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






8. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






9. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






10. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






11. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






12. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






13. Flow of blood through a tissue






14. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






15. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






16. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






17. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






18. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






19. 2 chambers of the heart






20. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






21. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






22. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






23. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






24. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






25. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






26. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






27. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






28. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






29. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






30. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






31. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






32. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






33. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






34. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






35. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






36. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






37. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






38. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






39. Where are RBCs broken down?






40. 2 lymphocytes






41. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






42. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






43. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






44. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






45. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






46. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






47. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






48. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






49. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






50. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding