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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






2. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






3. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






4. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






5. Universal acceptor






6. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






7. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






8. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






9. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






10. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






11. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






12. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






13. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






14. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






15. Purpose of erythrocytes?






16. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






17. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






18. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






19. Number of systole contractions per unit time






20. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






21. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






22. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






23. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






24. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






25. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






26. Where are RBCs broken down?






27. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






28. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






29. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






30. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






31. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






32. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






33. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






34. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






35. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






36. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






37. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






38. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






39. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






40. 2 chambers of the heart






41. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






42. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






43. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






44. Fat storage cells of the body






45. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






46. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






47. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






48. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






49. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






50. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels