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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






2. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






3. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






4. Flow of blood through a tissue






5. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






6. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






7. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






8. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






9. 2 ways to increase venous return






10. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






11. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






12. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






13. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






14. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






15. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






16. What is the direct cause of edema?






17. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






18. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






19. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






20. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






21. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






22. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






23. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






24. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






25. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






26. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






27. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






28. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






29. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






30. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






31. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






32. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






33. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






34. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






35. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






36. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






37. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






38. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






39. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






40. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






41. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






42. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






43. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






44. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






45. When do semilunar valves close?






46. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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47. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






48. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






49. Fat storage cells of the body






50. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?