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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






2. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






3. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






4. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






5. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






6. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






7. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






8. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






9. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






10. Universal acceptor






11. 2 lymphocytes






12. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






13. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






14. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






15. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






16. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






17. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






18. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






19. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






20. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






21. Flow of blood through a tissue






22. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






23. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






24. Purpose of erythrocytes?






25. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






26. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






27. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






28. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






29. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






30. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






31. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






32. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






33. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






34. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






35. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






36. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






37. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






38. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






39. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






40. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






41. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






42. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






43. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






44. 2 portal systems to know






45. 2 ways to increase venous return






46. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






47. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






48. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






49. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






50. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle