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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Hemoglobin
ventricles
venous blood pressure
Granulocytes
2. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
chylomicrons
Frank - Starling Effect
3. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Ca channels
systemic circulation
Systole
pulmonary circulation
4. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
resistance
varicose veins
Inflammation
5. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Erythrocytes
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Peripheral resistance
6. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
Ca channels
Glucose
systemic arterial blood pressure
7. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
albumin
Baroreceptors
amino acids and glucose
8. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Peripheral resistance
cardiac output (L/min)
Hemoglobin
atrioventricular valves
9. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Platelet fxn
Coronary arteries
Baroreceptors
10. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Platelet fxn
Relaxed
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
heart rate
11. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hepatic portal vein
hemostasis
nutrients
12. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
B cells and T cells
cardiac output (L/min)
Ca channels
13. When do Rh antibodies develop?
eosinophil
Portal systems
Vagal Signal
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
14. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
eosinophil
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
15. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
basophil
Hepatic portal vein
Functional syncytium
16. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Glucose
Cardiac muscle cells
hypoxia
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
systemic circulation
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
WBC
Internodal tract
18. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
venous return
Bundle of His
systolic blood pressure
systemic circulation
19. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Fxn of circulatory system
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Platelet fxn
20. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
veins
diastolic blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
21. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
bicuspid (mitral) valve
adrenergic tone
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
22. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
stroke volume
Perfusion
AV node
23. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
atria
Hepatic portal vein
systolic blood pressure
24. When do semilunar valves close?
Sickle cell anemia
diastolic blood pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
25. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
neutrophil
eosinophil
AV node
26. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
macrophage
heart rate
fibrinogen
Glucose
27. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Intercalated discs
Repolarization of nodes
oncotic pressure
28. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Peripheral resistance
hemophilia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Relaxed
29. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Coronary veins
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
valves
30. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
venous return
Hepatic portal vein
31. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
Sickle cell anemia
2 components of antigens
heart rate
32. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
hemostasis
Thrombus
systemic circulation
albumin
33. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
fibrin
capillaries
Right atrium
34. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Systole
venous blood pressure
hemostasis
megakaryocytes
35. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
adipocytes
Sickle cell anemia
Bundle of His
36. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Baroreceptors
Inflammation
Na leak channels
Platelet fxn
37. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
basophil
systemic arterial blood pressure
atria
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
38. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
2 components of antigens
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Granulocytes
39. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
local autoregulation
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
40. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
eosinophil
Erythropoetin
41. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Ohm's law
Erythrocytes
eosinophil
neutrophil
42. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
systemic circulation
Glucose
Sickle cell anemia
B cells and T cells
43. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
albumin
Portal systems
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
44. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Frank - Starling Effect
Thrombus
Portal systems
Coronary arteries
45. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Temperature or metabolic rate
Slow Ca channels
hemophilia
Coronary arteries
46. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Perfusion
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
47. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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48. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Glucose
Lipoproteins
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
systolic blood pressure
49. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
venous blood pressure
eosinophil
ABO blood group
tricuspid valve
50. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
atria and ventricles
Bundle of His
veins
Platelet fxn