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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Universal acceptor
Fxn of circulatory system
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Ohm's law
2. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Temperature or metabolic rate
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
oncotic pressure
Right atrium
3. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Spleen and liver
veins
Platelet fxn
Fast Na channels
4. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Diastole is longer
capillaries
Inflammation
macrophage
5. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
eosinophil
Temperature or metabolic rate
Diastole
Ohm's law
6. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Cardiac muscle cells
Functional syncytium
Blood plasma
Ischemia
7. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Diastole is longer
serum
Tense
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
8. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Rh blood group
Blood plasma
Hepatic portal vein
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
9. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Systole
basophil
Fxn of circulatory system
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
10. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
arteries
valves
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Systole
11. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
albumin
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fibrin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
12. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Lipoproteins
Slow Ca channels
Right atrium
13. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
heart rate
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
14. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
megakaryocytes
stroke volume
Coronary arteries
Systole
15. When do Rh antibodies develop?
pulmonary circulation
capillaries
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
hemostasis
16. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Diastole is longer
fibrin
Sickle cell anemia
Coronary veins
17. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Frank - Starling Effect
Peripheral resistance
pulmonary circulation
18. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
resistance
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
19. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
venous blood pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
eosinophil
20. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Perfusion
heart rate
Hepatic portal vein
serum
21. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Capillaries
fats
Slow Ca channels
Right atrium
22. 2 portal systems to know
Coronary veins
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Functional syncytium
Waste
23. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
eosinophil
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Relaxed
fibrin
24. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
SA node
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
amino acids and glucose
basophil
25. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Valves of the venous system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
adrenergic tone
26. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
bicuspid (mitral) valve
27. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Portal systems
urea
heart rate
venous return
28. 2 ways to increase venous return
atria and ventricles
systemic arterial blood pressure
fibrin
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
29. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Platelet fxn
bone marrow
30. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
tricuspid valve
Rh blood group
venous return
albumin
31. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Intercalated discs
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Perfusion
coronary sinus
32. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
megakaryocytes
Right atrium
33. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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34. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
hemostasis
Cardiac muscle cells
atrioventricular valves
systolic blood pressure
35. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
B cells and T cells
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
36. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
eosinophil
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
37. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Valves of the venous system
WBC
fibrinogen
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
38. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
fibrinogen
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
hypoxia
Ca channels
39. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
fibrin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
heart rate
40. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
systolic blood pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
41. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
heart rate
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Slow Ca channels
Internodal tract
42. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Ohm's law
SA node
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
WBC
43. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
tricuspid valve
coronary sinus
2 components of antigens
44. What is the direct cause of edema?
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
SA node
Coronary veins
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
45. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
Na leak channels
fibrinogen
46. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
bilirubin
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Platelet fxn
systemic arterial blood pressure
47. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
macrophage
Valves of the venous system
48. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Coronary veins
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Frank - Starling Effect
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
49. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
50. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Glucose
Cardiac muscle cells
stroke volume
tricuspid valve