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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






2. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






3. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






4. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






5. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






6. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






7. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






8. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






9. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






10. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






11. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






12. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






13. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






14. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






15. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






16. Universal donor






17. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






18. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






19. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






20. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






21. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






22. 2 lymphocytes






23. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






24. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






25. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






26. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






27. Fat storage cells of the body






28. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






29. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






30. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






31. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






32. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






33. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






34. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






35. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






36. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






37. 2 ways to increase venous return






38. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






39. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






40. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






41. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






42. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






43. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






44. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






45. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






46. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






47. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






48. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






49. When do Rh antibodies develop?






50. What is the direct cause of edema?