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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
albumin
adipocytes
basophil
Coronary arteries
2. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Internodal tract
Baroreceptors
ABO blood group
basophil
3. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Portal systems
atrioventricular valves
4. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Temperature or metabolic rate
Slow Ca channels
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
varicose veins
5. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
bone marrow
venous return
megakaryocytes
Lipoproteins
6. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
systemic arterial blood pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
valves
7. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Spleen and liver
2 components of antigens
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
8. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
heart
pulmonary circulation
Perfusion
9. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
systolic blood pressure
varicose veins
bilirubin
10. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Waste
chylomicrons
Cardiac muscle cells
tricuspid valve
11. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Platelet fxn
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Thrombus
2 components of antigens
12. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Diastole
coronary sinus
resistance
amino acids and glucose
13. Where are RBCs broken down?
Tense
Cardiac muscle cells
urea
Spleen and liver
14. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
albumin
15. 2 ways to increase venous return
Blood plasma
resistance
Inflammation
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
16. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
pulmonary circulation
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Erythropoetin
17. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Fxn of circulatory system
systolic blood pressure
bilirubin
Peripheral resistance
18. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
resistance
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Temperature or metabolic rate
19. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
arteries
cardiac output (L/min)
chylomicrons
hypoxia
20. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
amino acids and glucose
venous blood pressure
adrenergic tone
21. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
ABO blood group
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
chylomicrons
22. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Internodal tract
Bundle of His
veins
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
23. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Fxn of circulatory system
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Platelet fxn
Na leak channels
24. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Blood plasma
Systole
veins
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
25. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
B cells and T cells
atria and ventricles
pulmonary circulation
26. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
stroke volume
venous return
pulse pressure
Hemoglobin
27. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
Vagal Signal
Erythropoetin
coronary sinus
28. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Lipoproteins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
29. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
neutrophil
fibrin
bilirubin
Na leak channels
30. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
stroke volume
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Lipoproteins
31. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Na leak channels
Cardiac muscle cells
pulmonary circulation
32. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Frank - Starling Effect
Ischemia
Relaxed
33. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
valves
arteries
Coronary veins
34. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Spleen and liver
Fast Na channels
resistance
fats
35. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Right atrium
Glucose
tricuspid valve
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
36. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
tricuspid valve
fibrin
Intercalated discs
atria and ventricles
37. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
serum
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
38. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
capillaries
39. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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40. 2 lymphocytes
Diastole is longer
Glucose
Fast Na channels
B cells and T cells
41. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
eosinophil
Erythrocytes
Tense
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
42. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
venous blood pressure
Granulocytes
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
43. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Tense
Thrombus
megakaryocytes
heart rate
44. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
hypoxia
T- tubules
Sickle cell anemia
bicuspid (mitral) valve
45. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
bone marrow
Coronary veins
Sickle cell anemia
Rh blood group
46. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
Capillaries
ABO blood group
Vagal Signal
47. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Lipoproteins
diastolic blood pressure
atrioventricular valves
valves
48. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
WBC
varicose veins
fats
49. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
hypoxia
neutrophil
valves
50. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
B cells and T cells
bilirubin
venous return