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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






2. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






3. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






4. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






5. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






6. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






7. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






8. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






9. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






10. When do semilunar valves close?






11. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






12. 2 lymphocytes






13. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






14. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






15. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






16. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






17. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






18. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






19. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






20. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






21. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






22. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






23. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






24. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






25. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






26. Fat storage cells of the body






27. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






28. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






29. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






30. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






31. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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32. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






33. Universal acceptor






34. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






35. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






36. When do Rh antibodies develop?






37. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






38. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






39. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






40. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






41. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






42. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






43. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






44. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






45. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






46. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






47. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






48. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






49. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






50. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)