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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
diastolic blood pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
2. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Functional syncytium
Glucose
pulmonary circulation
3. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Spleen and liver
Bundle of His
Repolarization of nodes
Vagal Signal
4. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
nutrients
Platelet fxn
5. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
atria
AV node
diastolic blood pressure
6. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
Diastole is longer
Spleen and liver
nutrients
7. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
capillaries
amino acids and glucose
Rh blood group
8. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Spleen and liver
ventricles
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
9. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Erythropoetin
Diastole is longer
AV node
Functional syncytium
10. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
T- tubules
ventricles
pulmonary circulation
11. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Fast Na channels
Hepatic portal vein
Right atrium
adrenergic tone
12. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Baroreceptors
AV node
tricuspid valve
Sickle cell anemia
13. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
nutrients
Sympathetic regulation of heart
varicose veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
14. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Portal systems
arteries
Sickle cell anemia
macrophage
15. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
fats
WBC
systemic arterial blood pressure
systemic circulation
16. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Capillaries
Perfusion
eosinophil
17. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
bilirubin
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Coronary arteries
neutrophil
18. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
valves
pulse pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Rh blood group
19. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Frank - Starling Effect
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Erythropoetin
ABO blood group
20. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Rh blood group
Diastole is longer
systolic blood pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
21. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
albumin
bicuspid (mitral) valve
arteries
22. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Valves of the venous system
SA node
hemophilia
Blood plasma
23. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
varicose veins
atrioventricular valves
tricuspid valve
bone marrow
24. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
bilirubin
Erythrocytes
stroke volume
ventricles
25. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
albumin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
hypoxia
B cells and T cells
26. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
27. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
hemostasis
Intercalated discs
pulmonary circulation
local autoregulation
28. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Peripheral resistance
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
venous blood pressure
29. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
heart
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
30. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
adrenergic tone
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Perfusion
Peripheral resistance
31. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
ABO blood group
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
chylomicrons
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
32. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Right atrium
nutrients
Lipoproteins
Blood plasma
33. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Blood plasma
megakaryocytes
hemostasis
systolic blood pressure
34. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
resistance
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Na leak channels
bilirubin
35. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Erythropoetin
Repolarization of nodes
Platelet fxn
Inflammation
36. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
pulmonary circulation
cardiac output (L/min)
Tense
37. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Erythrocytes
ventricles
B cells and T cells
amino acids and glucose
38. What is the direct cause of edema?
veins
Relaxed
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
oncotic pressure
39. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
SA node
high osmolarity of tissues
varicose veins
40. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Perfusion
Vagal Signal
fibrin
41. 2 lymphocytes
Granulocytes
B cells and T cells
veins
Repolarization of nodes
42. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
hypoxia
Erythrocytes
adrenergic tone
Portal systems
43. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac muscle cells
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
44. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
varicose veins
arteries
Waste
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
45. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
basophil
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Baroreceptors
arteries
46. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Right atrium
adrenergic tone
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
veins
47. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
veins
fibrin
systemic circulation
48. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
local autoregulation
Peripheral resistance
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
systemic arterial blood pressure
49. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Ischemia
Sickle cell anemia
amino acids and glucose
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
50. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Glucose
Valves of the venous system
serum
Platelet fxn