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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






2. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






3. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






4. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






5. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






6. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






7. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






8. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






9. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






10. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






11. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






12. 2 ways to increase venous return






13. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






14. Flow of blood through a tissue






15. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






16. 2 chambers of the heart






17. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






18. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






19. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






20. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






21. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






22. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






23. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






24. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






25. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






26. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






27. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






28. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






29. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






30. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






31. Universal acceptor






32. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






33. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






34. Number of systole contractions per unit time






35. Where are RBCs broken down?






36. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






37. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






38. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






39. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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40. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






41. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






42. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






43. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






44. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






45. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






46. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






47. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






48. Fat storage cells of the body






49. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






50. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer