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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






2. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






3. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






4. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






5. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






6. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






7. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






8. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






9. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






10. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






11. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






12. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






13. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






14. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






15. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






16. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






17. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






18. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






19. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






20. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






21. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






22. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






23. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






24. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






25. Where are RBCs broken down?






26. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






27. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






28. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






29. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






30. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






31. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R


32. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






33. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






34. 2 chambers of the heart






35. Universal acceptor






36. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






37. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






38. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






39. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






40. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






41. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






42. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






43. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






44. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






45. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






46. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






47. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






48. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






49. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






50. When do semilunar valves close?