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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Intercalated discs
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
systemic arterial blood pressure
2. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
eosinophil
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
adrenergic tone
3. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Peripheral resistance
systolic blood pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
veins
4. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
stroke volume
local autoregulation
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
5. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Ohm's law
fats
Tense
serum
6. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Repolarization of nodes
Vagal Signal
Ohm's law
7. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Bundle of His
coronary sinus
Rh blood group
fats
8. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
pulmonary circulation
Spleen and liver
AV node
Hemoglobin
9. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
hemophilia
tricuspid valve
ventricles
10. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
heart
resistance
Portal systems
11. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Waste
Frank - Starling Effect
Relaxed
fibrinogen
12. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
varicose veins
Bundle of His
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulse pressure
13. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Thrombus
Ohm's law
14. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
adipocytes
Granulocytes
15. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
adrenergic tone
fibrin
Systole
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
16. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
Repolarization of nodes
Lipoproteins
urea
17. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
neutrophil
Right atrium
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
heart
18. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
T- tubules
Hemoglobin
capillaries
Vagal Signal
19. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Rh blood group
neutrophil
local autoregulation
Cardiac muscle cells
20. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Glucose
venous blood pressure
arteries
hypoxia
21. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Fast Na channels
Peripheral resistance
Lipoproteins
Valves of the venous system
22. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Coronary arteries
Spleen and liver
23. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
fats
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
bone marrow
24. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
albumin
Waste
fibrinogen
Blood plasma
25. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Coronary arteries
Slow Ca channels
2 components of antigens
26. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Blood plasma
2 components of antigens
27. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
hemostasis
Valves of the venous system
megakaryocytes
Systole
28. 2 chambers of the heart
Platelet fxn
atria and ventricles
bicuspid (mitral) valve
capillaries
29. Where are RBCs broken down?
capillaries
Vagal Signal
Spleen and liver
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
30. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Spleen and liver
capillaries
heart
Blood plasma
31. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
tricuspid valve
Baroreceptors
pulmonary circulation
hemophilia
32. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
hypoxia
33. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Portal systems
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Functional syncytium
Right atrium
34. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
local autoregulation
fibrinogen
Ischemia
2 components of antigens
35. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Platelet fxn
atria
36. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Relaxed
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Baroreceptors
adrenergic tone
37. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Fxn of circulatory system
high osmolarity of tissues
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
ABO blood group
38. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
ABO blood group
local autoregulation
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
bicuspid (mitral) valve
39. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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40. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
Tense
Frank - Starling Effect
macrophage
41. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
local autoregulation
systemic arterial blood pressure
Thrombus
42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Coronary veins
albumin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
43. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
hemophilia
Capillaries
Relaxed
44. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Ischemia
diastolic blood pressure
Hemoglobin
fibrin
45. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
urea
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
hypoxia
Granulocytes
46. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
diastolic blood pressure
Portal systems
Erythrocytes
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
47. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
chylomicrons
Ischemia
pulse pressure
pulmonary circulation
48. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
bilirubin
cardiac output (L/min)
Sympathetic regulation of heart
urea
49. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Peripheral resistance
B cells and T cells
50. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
diastolic blood pressure
Relaxed
Valves of the venous system