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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Platelet fxn
hemophilia
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
venous blood pressure
2. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Glucose
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Bundle of His
coronary sinus
3. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
urea
high osmolarity of tissues
Ischemia
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
4. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
Vagal Signal
atrioventricular valves
fats
5. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
chylomicrons
Hemoglobin
urea
Intercalated discs
6. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
2 components of antigens
Bundle of His
Waste
Tense
7. 2 portal systems to know
Inflammation
Fxn of circulatory system
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Lipoproteins
8. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
megakaryocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Spleen and liver
Intercalated discs
9. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Relaxed
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
macrophage
10. 2 ways to increase venous return
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
diastolic blood pressure
macrophage
11. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
2 components of antigens
varicose veins
adrenergic tone
systemic arterial blood pressure
12. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
chylomicrons
macrophage
varicose veins
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
13. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
Diastole is longer
fibrinogen
Fast Na channels
14. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
pulmonary circulation
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Rh blood group
Erythropoetin
15. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
oncotic pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Internodal tract
Diastole
16. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
megakaryocytes
Ca channels
AV node
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
17. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
capillaries
Fast Na channels
Blood plasma
18. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
atria
valves
megakaryocytes
Peripheral resistance
19. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
megakaryocytes
adrenergic tone
basophil
hemophilia
20. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Coronary veins
atria
tricuspid valve
local autoregulation
21. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Diastole is longer
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Repolarization of nodes
ABO blood group
22. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Tense
Capillaries
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Fast Na channels
23. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Thrombus
nutrients
24. Purpose of erythrocytes?
hemostasis
diastolic blood pressure
resistance
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
25. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
serum
chylomicrons
heart
Inflammation
26. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Systole
Blood plasma
T- tubules
Tense
27. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
fibrin
pulse pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
28. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Capillaries
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
ventricles
Functional syncytium
29. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
hypoxia
fats
tricuspid valve
Systole
30. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
B cells and T cells
Capillaries
Relaxed
systemic circulation
31. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Ohm's law
Frank - Starling Effect
diastolic blood pressure
Fast Na channels
32. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Vagal Signal
Tense
adipocytes
fats
33. Fat storage cells of the body
Internodal tract
adipocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
34. 2 lymphocytes
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Blood plasma
B cells and T cells
Capillaries
35. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Hepatic portal vein
pulse pressure
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Ca channels
36. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
ABO blood group
albumin
Vagal Signal
37. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Cardiac muscle cells
Waste
Baroreceptors
venous return
38. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
fibrinogen
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients
39. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
ABO blood group
hemostasis
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
40. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
heart rate
coronary sinus
41. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
tricuspid valve
Sympathetic regulation of heart
veins
heart
42. Number of systole contractions per unit time
SA node
heart rate
varicose veins
Ca channels
43. Universal donor
Intercalated discs
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
eosinophil
Glucose
44. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
SA node
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
fats
45. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Ca channels
pulse pressure
Granulocytes
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
46. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Temperature or metabolic rate
Frank - Starling Effect
bone marrow
Bundle of His
47. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Intercalated discs
Waste
Granulocytes
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
48. When do Rh antibodies develop?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Lipoproteins
T- tubules
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
49. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
veins
venous blood pressure
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
atria
50. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Hemoglobin
Capillaries
Sympathetic regulation of heart
hemostasis