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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






2. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






3. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






4. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






5. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






6. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






7. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






8. Universal acceptor






9. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






10. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






11. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






12. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






13. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






14. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






15. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






16. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






17. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






18. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






19. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






20. 2 chambers of the heart






21. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






22. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






23. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






24. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






25. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






26. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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27. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






28. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






29. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






30. Universal donor






31. 2 lymphocytes






32. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






33. 2 portal systems to know






34. Purpose of erythrocytes?






35. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






36. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






37. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






38. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






39. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






40. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






41. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






42. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






43. When do semilunar valves close?






44. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






45. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






46. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






47. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






48. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






49. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






50. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava