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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
adipocytes
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
atria
Valves of the venous system
2. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Hemoglobin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
high osmolarity of tissues
3. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Glucose
albumin
Vagal Signal
4. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Slow Ca channels
Repolarization of nodes
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Sickle cell anemia
5. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
bone marrow
chylomicrons
Thrombus
hemophilia
6. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Tense
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
bone marrow
Fast Na channels
7. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
serum
stroke volume
Diastole
Ischemia
8. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
coronary sinus
Repolarization of nodes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
T- tubules
9. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
fibrin
Lipoproteins
hemophilia
10. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Diastole is longer
bone marrow
2 components of antigens
Tense
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Tense
ABO blood group
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
12. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
amino acids and glucose
Intercalated discs
Ohm's law
Capillaries
13. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Coronary arteries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
14. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
Ohm's law
Sickle cell anemia
diastolic blood pressure
15. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Perfusion
Internodal tract
16. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Erythropoetin
megakaryocytes
venous blood pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
17. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
cardiac output (L/min)
Slow Ca channels
atrioventricular valves
high osmolarity of tissues
18. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
eosinophil
Capillaries
Fxn of circulatory system
19. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
oncotic pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
resistance
neutrophil
20. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
Sickle cell anemia
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
eosinophil
21. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Capillaries
Vagal Signal
heart
urea
22. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Bundle of His
SA node
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Diastole
23. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
WBC
Coronary veins
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
T- tubules
24. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Intercalated discs
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
AV node
25. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Baroreceptors
atria and ventricles
hemophilia
WBC
26. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Right atrium
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
bone marrow
27. When do semilunar valves close?
Na leak channels
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Intercalated discs
28. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Right atrium
29. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Blood plasma
Valves of the venous system
systemic circulation
local autoregulation
30. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
B cells and T cells
AV node
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
31. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Tense
Cardiac muscle cells
venous blood pressure
arteries
32. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
basophil
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Internodal tract
33. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
hypoxia
Perfusion
diastolic blood pressure
34. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Lipoproteins
serum
pulmonary circulation
35. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
B cells and T cells
Granulocytes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Portal systems
36. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
pulse pressure
macrophage
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
stroke volume
37. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
adipocytes
Functional syncytium
Thrombus
38. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Capillaries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
fats
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
39. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
Spleen and liver
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Ohm's law
40. Number of systole contractions per unit time
macrophage
heart rate
Vagal Signal
Frank - Starling Effect
41. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
pulse pressure
adrenergic tone
Coronary arteries
42. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
pulse pressure
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Glucose
43. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Slow Ca channels
B cells and T cells
44. Fat storage cells of the body
Functional syncytium
adipocytes
Blood plasma
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
45. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
bilirubin
Ohm's law
Capillaries
46. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
macrophage
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Valves of the venous system
47. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
fibrinogen
48. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
Erythrocytes
Intercalated discs
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
49. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Cardiac muscle cells
Spleen and liver
venous blood pressure
50. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Hemoglobin
Internodal tract
Tense
Relaxed