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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
veins
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Slow Ca channels
2. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
adipocytes
pulse pressure
nutrients
3. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
2 components of antigens
high osmolarity of tissues
atria
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
4. Flow of blood through a tissue
T- tubules
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
atria and ventricles
Perfusion
5. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Vagal Signal
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
6. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
chylomicrons
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
atrioventricular valves
7. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Valves of the venous system
coronary sinus
Baroreceptors
bilirubin
8. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Lipoproteins
Fast Na channels
adipocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
9. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Baroreceptors
Spleen and liver
chylomicrons
WBC
10. Number of systole contractions per unit time
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
heart rate
diastolic blood pressure
ABO blood group
11. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
Internodal tract
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
12. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
cardiac output (L/min)
B cells and T cells
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
13. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
Ischemia
Functional syncytium
hypoxia
14. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
venous blood pressure
serum
Frank - Starling Effect
Portal systems
15. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Repolarization of nodes
resistance
Tense
hypoxia
16. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
fibrinogen
Granulocytes
capillaries
serum
17. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Internodal tract
Hemoglobin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Thrombus
18. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Diastole
diastolic blood pressure
Erythrocytes
pulmonary circulation
19. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Right atrium
20. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
systemic circulation
eosinophil
neutrophil
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
21. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Systole
Valves of the venous system
Na leak channels
22. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Vagal Signal
systemic arterial blood pressure
23. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Ohm's law
veins
Inflammation
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
24. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
fibrin
AV node
coronary sinus
25. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Thrombus
varicose veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
26. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
venous return
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Ischemia
27. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
valves
cardiac output (L/min)
Capillaries
28. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
venous return
local autoregulation
Hemoglobin
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
29. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
venous return
Erythrocytes
fibrinogen
Hepatic portal vein
30. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
ventricles
WBC
AV node
31. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
basophil
bilirubin
Fxn of circulatory system
nutrients
32. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
local autoregulation
macrophage
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Valves of the venous system
33. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Rh blood group
hemostasis
cardiac output (L/min)
34. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Peripheral resistance
Fxn of circulatory system
Platelet fxn
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
35. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
bilirubin
Valves of the venous system
Systole
Erythropoetin
36. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Intercalated discs
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
2 components of antigens
37. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
heart rate
ventricles
2 components of antigens
38. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Coronary arteries
Fxn of circulatory system
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
39. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Hepatic portal vein
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Granulocytes
40. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
venous blood pressure
Frank - Starling Effect
macrophage
bilirubin
41. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Portal systems
Coronary arteries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
42. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
macrophage
tricuspid valve
heart
43. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Peripheral resistance
atria and ventricles
AV node
44. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
fibrinogen
resistance
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
45. 2 lymphocytes
venous return
Inflammation
B cells and T cells
Perfusion
46. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Functional syncytium
megakaryocytes
systemic circulation
47. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Fxn of circulatory system
Inflammation
Capillaries
chylomicrons
48. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Right atrium
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
amino acids and glucose
2 components of antigens
49. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
adrenergic tone
atria
hemophilia
50. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
heart
Portal systems
adipocytes
Ischemia
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