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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
bilirubin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Ischemia
Vagal Signal
2. Flow of blood through a tissue
chylomicrons
venous return
valves
Perfusion
3. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
neutrophil
hypoxia
albumin
Erythropoetin
4. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Perfusion
Vagal Signal
Peripheral resistance
Internodal tract
5. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Thrombus
Ca channels
albumin
SA node
6. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Granulocytes
urea
Diastole is longer
7. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
WBC
basophil
8. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Vagal Signal
Ischemia
heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
9. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
coronary sinus
albumin
stroke volume
bilirubin
10. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
pulmonary circulation
fats
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
2 components of antigens
11. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
neutrophil
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Ischemia
12. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
heart
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Relaxed
13. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
high osmolarity of tissues
diastolic blood pressure
Ca channels
14. 2 chambers of the heart
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
atria and ventricles
amino acids and glucose
cardiac output (L/min)
15. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
nutrients
Granulocytes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
atrioventricular valves
16. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
Internodal tract
Fast Na channels
T- tubules
17. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
coronary sinus
Thrombus
Bundle of His
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
18. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
arteries
19. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
resistance
Sickle cell anemia
Valves of the venous system
20. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
21. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
pulse pressure
tricuspid valve
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
22. Fat storage cells of the body
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Erythrocytes
adipocytes
local autoregulation
23. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
T- tubules
Erythrocytes
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Portal systems
24. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Erythrocytes
Platelet fxn
Diastole is longer
Sickle cell anemia
25. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
Right atrium
Temperature or metabolic rate
serum
26. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Erythropoetin
Thrombus
high osmolarity of tissues
venous return
27. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Diastole is longer
Tense
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
arteries
28. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
B cells and T cells
Fast Na channels
varicose veins
chylomicrons
29. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
Functional syncytium
Ca channels
atria
30. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
hemostasis
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
2 components of antigens
Valves of the venous system
31. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Temperature or metabolic rate
bilirubin
fibrin
32. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
varicose veins
nutrients
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Erythropoetin
33. What is the direct cause of edema?
venous blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
atria and ventricles
34. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Blood plasma
ventricles
veins
high osmolarity of tissues
35. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
venous blood pressure
bone marrow
ventricles
36. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic circulation
hypoxia
systemic arterial blood pressure
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
37. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Portal systems
Right atrium
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
38. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Frank - Starling Effect
Thrombus
Sickle cell anemia
Hepatic portal vein
39. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Internodal tract
40. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Inflammation
atrioventricular valves
bilirubin
Intercalated discs
41. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
venous return
heart rate
pulmonary circulation
Ischemia
42. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Spleen and liver
ABO blood group
capillaries
43. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
pulse pressure
Repolarization of nodes
basophil
Fast Na channels
44. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
WBC
2 components of antigens
hemostasis
pulmonary circulation
45. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
Functional syncytium
Spleen and liver
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
46. 2 lymphocytes
Slow Ca channels
Waste
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
B cells and T cells
47. Universal donor
WBC
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
pulmonary circulation
T- tubules
48. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
heart rate
Na leak channels
ABO blood group
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
49. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
diastolic blood pressure
Internodal tract
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Inflammation
50. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
valves
B cells and T cells
venous blood pressure
resistance