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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






2. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






3. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






4. Fat storage cells of the body






5. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






6. Purpose of erythrocytes?






7. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






8. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






9. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






10. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






11. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






12. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






13. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






14. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






15. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






16. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






17. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






18. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






19. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






20. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






21. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






22. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






23. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






24. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






25. 2 chambers of the heart






26. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






27. 2 lymphocytes






28. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






29. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






30. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






31. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






32. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






33. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






34. Universal acceptor






35. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






36. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






37. What is the direct cause of edema?






38. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






39. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






40. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






41. Number of systole contractions per unit time






42. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






43. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






44. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






45. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






46. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






47. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






48. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






49. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






50. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time