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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
SA node
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
albumin
2. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
WBC
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
megakaryocytes
Frank - Starling Effect
3. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Na leak channels
Ca channels
Diastole is longer
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
4. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
cardiac output (L/min)
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Repolarization of nodes
5. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Functional syncytium
Erythropoetin
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
6. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Capillaries
ventricles
bone marrow
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
7. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
Ischemia
Right atrium
Fxn of circulatory system
8. Universal acceptor
basophil
fibrin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
high osmolarity of tissues
9. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Vagal Signal
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
10. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
oncotic pressure
Vagal Signal
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
ABO blood group
11. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
ventricles
Coronary veins
bilirubin
tricuspid valve
12. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Hepatic portal vein
Portal systems
serum
Functional syncytium
13. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Frank - Starling Effect
systemic arterial blood pressure
Coronary arteries
Functional syncytium
14. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
atrioventricular valves
pulse pressure
atria
15. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
fats
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
venous return
16. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
hemophilia
pulse pressure
Slow Ca channels
17. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
adipocytes
18. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
Platelet fxn
Intercalated discs
SA node
19. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
amino acids and glucose
Fast Na channels
basophil
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
20. 2 chambers of the heart
fats
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Functional syncytium
atria and ventricles
21. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
nutrients
pulse pressure
hypoxia
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
22. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
diastolic blood pressure
bone marrow
adipocytes
23. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Erythrocytes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
bone marrow
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
24. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
Coronary arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
macrophage
25. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
systemic circulation
macrophage
diastolic blood pressure
chylomicrons
26. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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27. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Intercalated discs
Capillaries
basophil
28. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Perfusion
cardiac output (L/min)
2 components of antigens
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
29. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
Capillaries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
amino acids and glucose
30. Universal donor
hypoxia
chylomicrons
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Erythrocytes
31. 2 lymphocytes
bone marrow
B cells and T cells
hemostasis
Temperature or metabolic rate
32. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Systole
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Rh blood group
veins
33. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Cardiac muscle cells
atria and ventricles
veins
34. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Coronary veins
35. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
basophil
Diastole is longer
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
heart
36. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
ABO blood group
Repolarization of nodes
Erythrocytes
serum
37. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
B cells and T cells
adipocytes
Glucose
fibrin
38. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Ischemia
Sympathetic regulation of heart
coronary sinus
39. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
bone marrow
T- tubules
SA node
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
40. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
fibrinogen
tricuspid valve
41. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Systole
42. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
B cells and T cells
ABO blood group
amino acids and glucose
Erythropoetin
43. When do semilunar valves close?
pulse pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
atria
SA node
44. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
valves
Tense
arteries
45. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Thrombus
albumin
fats
resistance
46. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
Na leak channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Ischemia
47. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
oncotic pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
ventricles
Intercalated discs
48. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
stroke volume
varicose veins
adrenergic tone
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
49. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Erythropoetin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Platelet fxn
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
50. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Repolarization of nodes
coronary sinus
Ischemia
Rh blood group