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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fat storage cells of the body
serum
adipocytes
bone marrow
high osmolarity of tissues
2. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Sympathetic regulation of heart
stroke volume
oncotic pressure
coronary sinus
3. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
4. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
capillaries
Slow Ca channels
nutrients
5. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
oncotic pressure
Slow Ca channels
Perfusion
Peripheral resistance
6. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
oncotic pressure
heart
hypoxia
Na leak channels
7. Flow of blood through a tissue
valves
Perfusion
Erythropoetin
Diastole is longer
8. What is the direct cause of edema?
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Glucose
Diastole
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
9. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Internodal tract
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
local autoregulation
adrenergic tone
10. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
AV node
basophil
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
11. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
atrioventricular valves
diastolic blood pressure
Erythropoetin
ABO blood group
12. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Rh blood group
Hemoglobin
Systole
13. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Repolarization of nodes
atrioventricular valves
hemophilia
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
14. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
fibrinogen
Relaxed
venous blood pressure
15. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
adipocytes
Baroreceptors
Intercalated discs
16. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
varicose veins
Repolarization of nodes
coronary sinus
neutrophil
17. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
hemophilia
urea
Waste
Blood plasma
18. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
varicose veins
T- tubules
bone marrow
2 components of antigens
19. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
systolic blood pressure
Spleen and liver
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Intercalated discs
20. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
macrophage
Vagal Signal
Relaxed
21. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
oncotic pressure
atria and ventricles
Intercalated discs
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
22. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Portal systems
atria
Na leak channels
23. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
veins
heart rate
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
24. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
AV node
neutrophil
Lipoproteins
25. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Diastole is longer
hemophilia
atria
urea
26. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
atria and ventricles
Systole
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Erythropoetin
27. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Hepatic portal vein
Spleen and liver
urea
ABO blood group
28. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
systemic circulation
Fast Na channels
systolic blood pressure
29. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
Right atrium
Blood plasma
bicuspid (mitral) valve
30. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
ABO blood group
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
heart rate
31. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
Spleen and liver
Fast Na channels
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
32. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Fast Na channels
Temperature or metabolic rate
basophil
bone marrow
33. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
veins
basophil
AV node
Diastole is longer
34. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Sympathetic regulation of heart
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
basophil
35. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Cardiac muscle cells
Na leak channels
Internodal tract
36. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
amino acids and glucose
fibrin
Hemoglobin
bicuspid (mitral) valve
37. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Waste
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
atria
Glucose
38. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Diastole is longer
cardiac output (L/min)
hemostasis
39. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Peripheral resistance
Perfusion
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Slow Ca channels
40. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
2 components of antigens
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
41. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Slow Ca channels
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
neutrophil
42. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Vagal Signal
Rh blood group
tricuspid valve
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
43. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Inflammation
tricuspid valve
Spleen and liver
SA node
44. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Coronary veins
serum
Thrombus
amino acids and glucose
45. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Erythropoetin
Diastole is longer
venous blood pressure
nutrients
46. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
systolic blood pressure
Right atrium
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
47. 2 lymphocytes
chylomicrons
Na leak channels
B cells and T cells
Ohm's law
48. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
macrophage
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
coronary sinus
cardiac output (L/min)
49. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
stroke volume
Vagal Signal
2 components of antigens
high osmolarity of tissues
50. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
heart rate
Vagal Signal
high osmolarity of tissues