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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 30 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
eosinophil
Cardiac muscle cells
WBC
Functional syncytium
2. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Intercalated discs
high osmolarity of tissues
basophil
venous return
3. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
ABO blood group
Blood plasma
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
4. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Fxn of circulatory system
Rh blood group
Peripheral resistance
5. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Peripheral resistance
Tense
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
6. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Thrombus
Waste
Granulocytes
venous return
7. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Waste
venous return
8. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
Platelet fxn
Intercalated discs
Hepatic portal vein
9. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
serum
Hemoglobin
Bundle of His
10. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Capillaries
Intercalated discs
fats
Ohm's law
11. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
nutrients
hypoxia
Slow Ca channels
12. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
oncotic pressure
ABO blood group
bilirubin
13. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
systolic blood pressure
Perfusion
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
14. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
adipocytes
fibrinogen
15. When do semilunar valves close?
Glucose
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Platelet fxn
fats
16. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Sickle cell anemia
Hepatic portal vein
Coronary arteries
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
17. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
Tense
capillaries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
18. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Bundle of His
Coronary veins
Blood plasma
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
19. 2 portal systems to know
nutrients
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Cardiac muscle cells
adrenergic tone
20. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
coronary sinus
Fast Na channels
fibrin
Relaxed
21. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Rh blood group
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
ABO blood group
22. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
diastolic blood pressure
Portal systems
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Tense
23. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
Frank - Starling Effect
neutrophil
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
24. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
valves
Hepatic portal vein
Coronary arteries
25. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Tense
bone marrow
arteries
Repolarization of nodes
26. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
atria
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
valves
27. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
2 components of antigens
systolic blood pressure
Peripheral resistance
28. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
coronary sinus
adrenergic tone
Baroreceptors
heart
29. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
30. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
cardiac output (L/min)
Slow Ca channels
albumin
megakaryocytes
31. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Rh blood group
Temperature or metabolic rate
Lipoproteins
Glucose
32. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulse pressure
capillaries
atrioventricular valves
33. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
veins
SA node
diastolic blood pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
34. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Inflammation
cardiac output (L/min)
coronary sinus
Frank - Starling Effect
35. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
cardiac output (L/min)
bicuspid (mitral) valve
serum
bone marrow
36. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Thrombus
AV node
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
37. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
hypoxia
Capillaries
serum
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
38. Universal acceptor
amino acids and glucose
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
pulmonary circulation
Ischemia
39. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Rh blood group
Ischemia
stroke volume
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
40. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
Lipoproteins
cardiac output (L/min)
Frank - Starling Effect
41. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Repolarization of nodes
Granulocytes
cardiac output (L/min)
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
42. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
ventricles
heart rate
Peripheral resistance
43. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
2 components of antigens
systemic circulation
Valves of the venous system
44. 2 chambers of the heart
cardiac output (L/min)
Intercalated discs
atria and ventricles
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
45. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Repolarization of nodes
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
albumin
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
46. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Fxn of circulatory system
amino acids and glucose
Blood plasma
albumin
47. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
stroke volume
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Right atrium
48. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
hypoxia
Sickle cell anemia
local autoregulation
49. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Blood plasma
Repolarization of nodes
Systole
Glucose
50. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Right atrium
bilirubin
Glucose
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.