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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Inflammation
Ca channels
macrophage
2. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Inflammation
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
atria
Fast Na channels
3. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Erythropoetin
T- tubules
pulse pressure
Lipoproteins
4. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Ca channels
hemophilia
Na leak channels
bone marrow
5. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
heart rate
bone marrow
Glucose
hemostasis
6. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
SA node
T- tubules
Valves of the venous system
7. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Spleen and liver
WBC
Baroreceptors
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
8. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Na leak channels
arteries
resistance
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
9. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Temperature or metabolic rate
SA node
bicuspid (mitral) valve
10. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
eosinophil
Relaxed
venous blood pressure
nutrients
11. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
WBC
neutrophil
Diastole
12. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Slow Ca channels
capillaries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
13. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
Rh blood group
Thrombus
B cells and T cells
14. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Systole
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
serum
15. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Systole
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
16. When do Rh antibodies develop?
fibrin
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Vagal Signal
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
17. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Coronary veins
Ca channels
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Intercalated discs
18. Universal acceptor
bone marrow
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
veins
eosinophil
19. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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20. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
SA node
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Bundle of His
21. 2 ways to increase venous return
SA node
Blood plasma
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Ischemia
22. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
AV node
Inflammation
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Granulocytes
23. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
hemophilia
pulse pressure
Repolarization of nodes
Hepatic portal vein
24. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
albumin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Na leak channels
local autoregulation
25. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
cardiac output (L/min)
hemophilia
macrophage
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
26. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Erythrocytes
local autoregulation
Diastole is longer
27. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Valves of the venous system
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Systole
28. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Peripheral resistance
adrenergic tone
valves
Diastole is longer
29. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Cardiac muscle cells
eosinophil
bicuspid (mitral) valve
macrophage
30. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Perfusion
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
WBC
arteries
31. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
hemophilia
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
macrophage
bicuspid (mitral) valve
32. Universal donor
Perfusion
Capillaries
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
high osmolarity of tissues
33. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Sickle cell anemia
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Valves of the venous system
34. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Sickle cell anemia
Inflammation
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
35. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Temperature or metabolic rate
neutrophil
urea
bilirubin
36. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Right atrium
Repolarization of nodes
local autoregulation
Fast Na channels
37. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Fast Na channels
Ischemia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
38. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Right atrium
hypoxia
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Ohm's law
39. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Portal systems
fibrin
high osmolarity of tissues
ABO blood group
40. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
Ohm's law
adipocytes
Bundle of His
41. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
Perfusion
diastolic blood pressure
Hemoglobin
42. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
Waste
Ohm's law
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
43. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
albumin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
AV node
arteries
44. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Fast Na channels
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
45. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Erythropoetin
diastolic blood pressure
Thrombus
fibrinogen
46. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
atria
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
pulmonary circulation
47. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
eosinophil
2 components of antigens
Lipoproteins
48. Flow of blood through a tissue
heart
nutrients
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Perfusion
49. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
fibrinogen
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
chylomicrons
pulse pressure
50. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Repolarization of nodes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulmonary circulation
fats