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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






2. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






3. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






4. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






5. Purpose of erythrocytes?






6. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






7. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






8. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






9. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






10. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






11. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






12. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






13. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






14. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






15. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






16. Universal donor






17. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






18. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






19. Number of systole contractions per unit time






20. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






21. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






22. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






23. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






24. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






25. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






26. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






27. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






28. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






29. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






30. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






31. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






32. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






33. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






34. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






35. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






36. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






37. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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38. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






39. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






40. Fat storage cells of the body






41. When do Rh antibodies develop?






42. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






43. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






44. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






45. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






46. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






47. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






48. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






49. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






50. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries