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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






2. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






3. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






4. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






5. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






6. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






7. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






8. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






9. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






10. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






11. 2 lymphocytes






12. When do semilunar valves close?






13. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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14. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






15. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






16. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






17. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






18. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






19. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






20. Fat storage cells of the body






21. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






22. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






23. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






24. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






25. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






26. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






27. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






28. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






29. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






30. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






31. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






32. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






33. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






34. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






35. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






36. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






37. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






38. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






39. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






40. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






41. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






42. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






43. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






44. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






45. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






46. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






47. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






48. 2 portal systems to know






49. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






50. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting