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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






2. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






3. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






4. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






5. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






6. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






7. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






8. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






9. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






10. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






11. Universal acceptor






12. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






13. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






14. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






15. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






16. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






17. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






18. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






19. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






20. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






21. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






22. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






23. Purpose of erythrocytes?






24. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






25. What is the direct cause of edema?






26. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






27. When do Rh antibodies develop?






28. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






29. 2 portal systems to know






30. 2 chambers of the heart






31. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






32. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






33. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






34. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






35. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






36. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






37. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






38. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






39. Number of systole contractions per unit time






40. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






41. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






42. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






43. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






44. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






45. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






46. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






47. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






48. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






49. Universal donor






50. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis







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