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MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fat storage cells of the body
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
adipocytes
2. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
bone marrow
stroke volume
Valves of the venous system
ABO blood group
3. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Glucose
Cardiac muscle cells
hemophilia
Hemoglobin
4. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Spleen and liver
arteries
Fxn of circulatory system
5. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
systemic circulation
hemostasis
bilirubin
6. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
high osmolarity of tissues
Hepatic portal vein
adrenergic tone
Rh blood group
7. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Coronary arteries
heart rate
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
8. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
high osmolarity of tissues
Functional syncytium
Spleen and liver
Ischemia
9. Universal acceptor
varicose veins
Sympathetic regulation of heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Peripheral resistance
10. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
fibrin
heart
Coronary arteries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
12. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
Ohm's law
Valves of the venous system
Cardiac muscle cells
13. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
adrenergic tone
basophil
tricuspid valve
serum
14. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
ventricles
Erythrocytes
15. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
venous return
Fxn of circulatory system
albumin
16. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
T- tubules
Waste
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Na leak channels
17. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Coronary arteries
Ischemia
Ca channels
Frank - Starling Effect
18. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
bone marrow
systemic circulation
19. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
pulse pressure
Fast Na channels
tricuspid valve
Baroreceptors
20. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
veins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulmonary circulation
21. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
pulse pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
22. Flow of blood through a tissue
Intercalated discs
diastolic blood pressure
macrophage
Perfusion
23. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Coronary veins
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
heart
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
24. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Ischemia
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
serum
25. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
B cells and T cells
local autoregulation
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
valves
26. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
amino acids and glucose
Intercalated discs
atria
27. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Intercalated discs
oncotic pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
28. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Relaxed
heart rate
ABO blood group
Slow Ca channels
29. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Right atrium
hemophilia
Coronary arteries
30. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
bone marrow
Valves of the venous system
Peripheral resistance
31. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
32. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Sympathetic regulation of heart
tricuspid valve
33. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Valves of the venous system
macrophage
neutrophil
adipocytes
34. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Inflammation
Right atrium
pulmonary circulation
Slow Ca channels
35. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Portal systems
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
Hepatic portal vein
36. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
local autoregulation
Cardiac muscle cells
resistance
37. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
ventricles
Fast Na channels
38. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
serum
pulmonary circulation
Vagal Signal
Systole
39. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
pulmonary circulation
neutrophil
stroke volume
40. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Ohm's law
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
41. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
macrophage
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Relaxed
42. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Coronary veins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
arteries
atrioventricular valves
43. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
heart rate
varicose veins
hypoxia
chylomicrons
44. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
B cells and T cells
diastolic blood pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
systolic blood pressure
45. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
WBC
amino acids and glucose
Glucose
Coronary veins
46. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
adrenergic tone
high osmolarity of tissues
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
47. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
SA node
Inflammation
Perfusion
48. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
neutrophil
Inflammation
bilirubin
49. 2 portal systems to know
Capillaries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
ABO blood group
Tense
50. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Erythrocytes
heart rate
2 components of antigens
atria
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