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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






2. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






3. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






4. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






5. When do semilunar valves close?






6. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






7. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






8. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






9. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






10. 2 ways to increase venous return






11. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






12. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






13. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






14. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






15. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






16. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






17. Universal acceptor






18. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






19. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






20. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






21. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






22. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






23. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






24. When do Rh antibodies develop?






25. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






26. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






27. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






28. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






29. 2 chambers of the heart






30. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






31. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






32. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






33. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






34. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






35. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






36. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






37. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






38. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






39. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






40. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






41. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






42. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






43. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






44. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






45. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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46. Flow of blood through a tissue






47. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






48. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






49. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






50. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell