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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






2. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






3. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






4. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






5. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






6. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






7. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






8. Universal donor






9. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






10. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






11. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






12. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






13. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






14. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






15. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






16. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






17. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






18. Universal acceptor






19. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






20. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






21. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






22. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






23. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






24. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






25. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






26. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






27. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






28. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






29. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






30. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






31. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






32. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






33. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






34. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






35. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






36. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






37. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






38. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






39. Where are RBCs broken down?






40. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






41. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






42. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






43. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






44. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






45. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






46. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






47. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






48. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






49. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






50. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures