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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
veins
bilirubin
Inflammation
2. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
Spleen and liver
Rh blood group
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
3. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
heart
Capillaries
ABO blood group
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
4. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
eosinophil
Ca channels
Relaxed
pulse pressure
5. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
amino acids and glucose
Ohm's law
Platelet fxn
6. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Thrombus
venous blood pressure
Bundle of His
Temperature or metabolic rate
7. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Frank - Starling Effect
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Ca channels
8. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
systemic circulation
Portal systems
Spleen and liver
9. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Vagal Signal
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
capillaries
10. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
Fxn of circulatory system
pulmonary circulation
diastolic blood pressure
11. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Erythropoetin
eosinophil
pulmonary circulation
high osmolarity of tissues
12. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Relaxed
Erythrocytes
bone marrow
varicose veins
13. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
WBC
adrenergic tone
atria
Diastole
14. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Tense
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Ohm's law
15. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart rate
Frank - Starling Effect
systolic blood pressure
16. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
albumin
cardiac output (L/min)
resistance
SA node
17. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
Inflammation
stroke volume
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
18. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
venous return
eosinophil
cardiac output (L/min)
systolic blood pressure
19. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
systolic blood pressure
Peripheral resistance
Waste
20. Universal donor
macrophage
high osmolarity of tissues
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
atrioventricular valves
21. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Fast Na channels
ventricles
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Baroreceptors
22. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Portal systems
Glucose
23. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
venous return
eosinophil
24. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Waste
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
25. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Hepatic portal vein
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
amino acids and glucose
coronary sinus
26. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Platelet fxn
hypoxia
Functional syncytium
27. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
resistance
tricuspid valve
Valves of the venous system
28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
B cells and T cells
Blood plasma
coronary sinus
WBC
29. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
amino acids and glucose
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
30. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Cardiac muscle cells
31. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
hypoxia
Inflammation
resistance
bicuspid (mitral) valve
32. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
high osmolarity of tissues
hemostasis
33. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
Slow Ca channels
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
ventricles
34. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
Coronary arteries
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
35. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Baroreceptors
Slow Ca channels
megakaryocytes
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
36. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
neutrophil
Cardiac muscle cells
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
37. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Tense
nutrients
SA node
Baroreceptors
38. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
oncotic pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
systemic circulation
Diastole
39. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Portal systems
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Relaxed
Rh blood group
40. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
adrenergic tone
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Temperature or metabolic rate
41. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Tense
local autoregulation
veins
Temperature or metabolic rate
42. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Diastole
Intercalated discs
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
atrioventricular valves
43. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
valves
systemic arterial blood pressure
heart
Peripheral resistance
44. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
atrioventricular valves
Vagal Signal
bone marrow
45. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Blood plasma
46. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
valves
Diastole
47. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
pulse pressure
albumin
Slow Ca channels
48. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Lipoproteins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Platelet fxn
bone marrow
49. What is the direct cause of edema?
Bundle of His
Spleen and liver
atrioventricular valves
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
50. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
chylomicrons
Vagal Signal
Functional syncytium