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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
veins
Perfusion
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Frank - Starling Effect
2. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
pulmonary circulation
heart rate
venous return
3. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
4. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Inflammation
Functional syncytium
Cardiac muscle cells
eosinophil
5. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
tricuspid valve
urea
6. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
macrophage
Coronary arteries
systemic circulation
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
7. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
capillaries
Sympathetic regulation of heart
albumin
Coronary veins
8. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Frank - Starling Effect
Rh blood group
systolic blood pressure
Portal systems
9. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
systolic blood pressure
coronary sinus
Glucose
atria
10. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
amino acids and glucose
Slow Ca channels
Waste
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
11. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Temperature or metabolic rate
venous blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
oncotic pressure
12. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
bilirubin
Glucose
Granulocytes
Valves of the venous system
13. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Platelet fxn
resistance
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
14. 2 ways to increase venous return
Erythropoetin
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
heart rate
diastolic blood pressure
15. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Bundle of His
heart
stroke volume
fibrinogen
16. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Diastole
systemic circulation
valves
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
17. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Fast Na channels
18. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Platelet fxn
Inflammation
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
ventricles
19. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
AV node
chylomicrons
tricuspid valve
20. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
hypoxia
pulmonary circulation
Na leak channels
oncotic pressure
21. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Intercalated discs
Ischemia
Hemoglobin
22. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Hepatic portal vein
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
cardiac output (L/min)
23. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
fats
Blood plasma
T- tubules
24. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
chylomicrons
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
systemic arterial blood pressure
25. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
Glucose
Ohm's law
Erythrocytes
26. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Hemoglobin
Spleen and liver
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Tense
27. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
adrenergic tone
Fxn of circulatory system
Valves of the venous system
Waste
28. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
diastolic blood pressure
Lipoproteins
Erythropoetin
29. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
albumin
Fxn of circulatory system
Right atrium
Hemoglobin
30. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Intercalated discs
ABO blood group
Right atrium
fats
31. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
fibrinogen
Systole
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Sickle cell anemia
32. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
coronary sinus
bone marrow
venous blood pressure
amino acids and glucose
33. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
AV node
hemostasis
Temperature or metabolic rate
Cardiac muscle cells
34. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
nutrients
Hemoglobin
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
bilirubin
35. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
36. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
Repolarization of nodes
fibrinogen
capillaries
37. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
Spleen and liver
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
adrenergic tone
38. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
local autoregulation
veins
tricuspid valve
Internodal tract
39. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
Erythropoetin
veins
fibrin
40. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Granulocytes
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Inflammation
Temperature or metabolic rate
41. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
local autoregulation
serum
nutrients
Fxn of circulatory system
42. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
tricuspid valve
Ohm's law
cardiac output (L/min)
43. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Vagal Signal
capillaries
systemic arterial blood pressure
44. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
arteries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
eosinophil
pulse pressure
45. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
ventricles
Ischemia
high osmolarity of tissues
AV node
46. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
fibrinogen
Bundle of His
heart
Granulocytes
47. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
atrioventricular valves
ventricles
Ca channels
Perfusion
48. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
local autoregulation
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Temperature or metabolic rate
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
49. Fat storage cells of the body
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
heart
adipocytes
Hemoglobin
50. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Ohm's law
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Internodal tract
systolic blood pressure