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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Tense
amino acids and glucose
Right atrium
Glucose
2. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Systole
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
diastolic blood pressure
WBC
3. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
T- tubules
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Waste
megakaryocytes
4. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
ABO blood group
T- tubules
oncotic pressure
bilirubin
5. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
systolic blood pressure
Intercalated discs
AV node
Cardiac muscle cells
6. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
ventricles
Fast Na channels
valves
7. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Erythropoetin
Coronary arteries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Tense
8. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Blood plasma
Perfusion
Ischemia
Peripheral resistance
9. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Thrombus
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
urea
Valves of the venous system
10. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Ohm's law
Functional syncytium
Spleen and liver
Bundle of His
11. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
macrophage
heart
bilirubin
Sympathetic regulation of heart
12. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
heart rate
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Inflammation
13. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Lipoproteins
local autoregulation
14. 2 ways to increase venous return
systolic blood pressure
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
systemic arterial blood pressure
15. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
megakaryocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
albumin
atrioventricular valves
16. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
hemophilia
Sympathetic regulation of heart
albumin
17. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Na leak channels
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
18. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
arteries
hemostasis
pulmonary circulation
19. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Rh blood group
ventricles
atria and ventricles
Fxn of circulatory system
20. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fibrinogen
atria
21. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Repolarization of nodes
macrophage
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Erythrocytes
22. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythrocytes
Erythropoetin
Internodal tract
Intercalated discs
23. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
Portal systems
urea
hemostasis
24. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
fibrin
bone marrow
basophil
25. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
hypoxia
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
26. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Coronary arteries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
serum
Cardiac muscle cells
27. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Thrombus
Repolarization of nodes
diastolic blood pressure
SA node
28. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fxn of circulatory system
amino acids and glucose
Fast Na channels
ABO blood group
29. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Fxn of circulatory system
Erythrocytes
Relaxed
venous blood pressure
30. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Functional syncytium
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Platelet fxn
pulmonary circulation
31. Number of systole contractions per unit time
atria and ventricles
neutrophil
heart rate
Slow Ca channels
32. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
atrioventricular valves
macrophage
Rh blood group
serum
33. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Spleen and liver
Blood plasma
Erythropoetin
34. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
Granulocytes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
fibrinogen
35. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
Portal systems
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Lipoproteins
36. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
bone marrow
Fast Na channels
B cells and T cells
37. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
nutrients
neutrophil
2 components of antigens
Ischemia
38. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Thrombus
Coronary arteries
fibrinogen
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
39. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Coronary arteries
eosinophil
hemophilia
venous blood pressure
40. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Inflammation
bilirubin
Waste
41. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
Sickle cell anemia
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
42. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Hemoglobin
Diastole
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
adipocytes
43. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
adrenergic tone
coronary sinus
eosinophil
Na leak channels
44. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
fibrinogen
Temperature or metabolic rate
Systole
venous return
45. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
amino acids and glucose
resistance
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Waste
46. Universal acceptor
hypoxia
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
systolic blood pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
47. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Capillaries
high osmolarity of tissues
Relaxed
Ohm's law
48. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
venous return
Temperature or metabolic rate
Tense
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
49. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
adrenergic tone
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
venous blood pressure
Erythropoetin
50. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
T- tubules
macrophage
heart rate