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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
oncotic pressure
venous blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
Vagal Signal
2. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Valves of the venous system
Diastole
Ca channels
SA node
3. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
Fast Na channels
resistance
Repolarization of nodes
4. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
Thrombus
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
venous blood pressure
5. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
nutrients
Cardiac muscle cells
adrenergic tone
Glucose
6. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
SA node
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Fast Na channels
venous return
7. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Blood plasma
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
stroke volume
atria
8. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
coronary sinus
ABO blood group
Fast Na channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
9. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
neutrophil
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Tense
10. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
stroke volume
neutrophil
Sympathetic regulation of heart
fats
11. 2 lymphocytes
resistance
B cells and T cells
nutrients
Diastole is longer
12. When do semilunar valves close?
high osmolarity of tissues
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
ABO blood group
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
13. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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14. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
basophil
Repolarization of nodes
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Ohm's law
15. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
SA node
bone marrow
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
16. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Bundle of His
Relaxed
neutrophil
Diastole is longer
17. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
hypoxia
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Capillaries
eosinophil
18. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
heart
serum
atrioventricular valves
19. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
albumin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Functional syncytium
20. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
hemostasis
amino acids and glucose
21. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
chylomicrons
fibrinogen
nutrients
B cells and T cells
22. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
hypoxia
systemic arterial blood pressure
Baroreceptors
venous blood pressure
23. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
Slow Ca channels
tricuspid valve
Spleen and liver
24. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
fibrin
Vagal Signal
bilirubin
urea
25. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Sickle cell anemia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
T- tubules
Lipoproteins
26. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
SA node
Functional syncytium
fats
Erythrocytes
27. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
heart
varicose veins
eosinophil
diastolic blood pressure
28. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
29. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
fats
hemostasis
SA node
30. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
serum
Tense
Inflammation
Baroreceptors
31. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Rh blood group
Intercalated discs
cardiac output (L/min)
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
32. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
urea
systemic arterial blood pressure
pulmonary circulation
Functional syncytium
33. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
chylomicrons
34. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
pulmonary circulation
neutrophil
Hemoglobin
35. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
2 components of antigens
hemophilia
Bundle of His
Ca channels
36. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Slow Ca channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Vagal Signal
megakaryocytes
37. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulmonary circulation
Fxn of circulatory system
Thrombus
pulse pressure
38. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Ca channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
adrenergic tone
Temperature or metabolic rate
39. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
oncotic pressure
basophil
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
high osmolarity of tissues
40. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
SA node
Thrombus
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
nutrients
41. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Platelet fxn
resistance
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
42. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
urea
B cells and T cells
ABO blood group
atria
43. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
atrioventricular valves
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
amino acids and glucose
44. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Bundle of His
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
45. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
Coronary arteries
Bundle of His
systemic arterial blood pressure
46. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
pulse pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
AV node
Temperature or metabolic rate
47. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
Sickle cell anemia
Repolarization of nodes
Portal systems
48. 2 portal systems to know
megakaryocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
chylomicrons
49. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Inflammation
Functional syncytium
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
bilirubin
50. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
ventricles
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
macrophage
fibrinogen