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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 portal systems to know






2. 2 ways to increase venous return






3. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






4. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






5. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






6. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






7. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






8. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






9. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






10. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






11. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






12. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






13. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






14. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






15. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






16. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






17. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






18. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






19. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






20. What is the direct cause of edema?






21. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






22. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






23. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






24. Fat storage cells of the body






25. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






26. 2 lymphocytes






27. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






28. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






29. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






30. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






31. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






32. Universal acceptor






33. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






34. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






35. Universal donor






36. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






37. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






38. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






39. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






40. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






41. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






42. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






43. When do Rh antibodies develop?






44. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






45. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






46. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






47. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






48. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






49. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






50. When do semilunar valves close?