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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
atria
2 components of antigens
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
venous blood pressure
2. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
bilirubin
Blood plasma
Internodal tract
atria and ventricles
3. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
varicose veins
tricuspid valve
venous return
SA node
4. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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5. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Capillaries
AV node
Granulocytes
T- tubules
6. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Sympathetic regulation of heart
varicose veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients
7. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
local autoregulation
Erythrocytes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
8. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Bundle of His
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Tense
9. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Waste
hypoxia
Platelet fxn
Temperature or metabolic rate
10. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Inflammation
fats
Sickle cell anemia
11. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Sickle cell anemia
Spleen and liver
Frank - Starling Effect
stroke volume
12. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
ventricles
13. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
2 components of antigens
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
valves
Glucose
14. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Diastole is longer
15. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
fibrin
Repolarization of nodes
T- tubules
16. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Slow Ca channels
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
atrioventricular valves
ABO blood group
17. 2 ways to increase venous return
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
resistance
heart rate
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
18. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
atria
Fast Na channels
AV node
Diastole
19. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
venous return
Inflammation
Tense
20. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
high osmolarity of tissues
Peripheral resistance
Relaxed
Sickle cell anemia
21. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
heart
ABO blood group
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Diastole is longer
22. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Slow Ca channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Hepatic portal vein
23. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Repolarization of nodes
Hepatic portal vein
Platelet fxn
pulse pressure
24. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
macrophage
Waste
adipocytes
25. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
local autoregulation
hypoxia
megakaryocytes
SA node
26. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
AV node
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Ischemia
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
27. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Blood plasma
Internodal tract
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Fxn of circulatory system
28. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Peripheral resistance
systemic circulation
Blood plasma
neutrophil
29. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Slow Ca channels
systemic circulation
basophil
30. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulmonary circulation
atria
31. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
local autoregulation
32. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Intercalated discs
Systole
Ca channels
valves
33. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
high osmolarity of tissues
Frank - Starling Effect
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
34. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Coronary veins
Glucose
macrophage
basophil
35. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Cardiac muscle cells
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Ischemia
36. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Na leak channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Temperature or metabolic rate
systolic blood pressure
37. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
stroke volume
Glucose
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
38. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
T- tubules
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Frank - Starling Effect
39. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
fibrin
Coronary arteries
Coronary veins
40. What is the direct cause of edema?
hypoxia
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Portal systems
cardiac output (L/min)
41. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Fxn of circulatory system
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
bicuspid (mitral) valve
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
42. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
capillaries
Coronary arteries
diastolic blood pressure
Portal systems
43. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
Ischemia
Portal systems
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
44. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Right atrium
Vagal Signal
fibrinogen
45. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Right atrium
Fxn of circulatory system
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Thrombus
46. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Hemoglobin
resistance
adrenergic tone
Right atrium
47. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
bicuspid (mitral) valve
serum
48. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
heart
arteries
Repolarization of nodes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
49. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Erythrocytes
amino acids and glucose
hemophilia
Rh blood group
50. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
urea
Erythropoetin
Internodal tract
pulse pressure