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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






2. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






3. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






4. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






5. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






6. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






7. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






8. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






9. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






10. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






11. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






12. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






13. Universal acceptor






14. 2 lymphocytes






15. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






16. Purpose of erythrocytes?






17. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






18. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






19. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






20. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






21. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






22. Where are RBCs broken down?






23. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






24. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






25. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






26. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






27. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






28. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






29. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






30. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






31. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






32. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






33. 2 portal systems to know






34. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






35. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






36. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






37. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






38. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






39. What is the direct cause of edema?






40. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






41. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






42. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






43. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






44. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






45. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






46. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






47. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






48. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






49. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






50. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?