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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






2. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






3. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






4. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






5. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






6. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






7. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






8. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






9. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






10. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






11. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






12. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






13. Where are RBCs broken down?






14. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






15. 2 ways to increase venous return






16. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






17. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






18. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






19. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






20. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






21. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






22. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






23. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






24. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






25. What is the direct cause of edema?






26. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






27. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






28. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






29. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






30. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






31. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






32. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






33. Flow of blood through a tissue






34. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






35. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






36. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






37. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






38. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






39. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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40. 2 lymphocytes






41. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






42. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






43. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






44. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






45. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






46. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






47. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






48. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






49. Purpose of erythrocytes?






50. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries