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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






2. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






3. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






4. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






5. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






6. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






7. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






8. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






9. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






10. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






11. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






12. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






13. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






14. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






15. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






16. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






17. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






18. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






19. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






20. What is the direct cause of edema?






21. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






22. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






23. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






24. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






25. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






26. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






27. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






28. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






29. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






30. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






31. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






32. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






33. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






34. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






35. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






36. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






37. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






38. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






39. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






40. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






41. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






42. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






43. 2 chambers of the heart






44. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






45. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






46. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






47. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






48. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






49. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






50. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.