SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Portal systems
high osmolarity of tissues
arteries
Cardiac muscle cells
2. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
hemophilia
eosinophil
atria
fibrinogen
3. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
tricuspid valve
Ca channels
Sickle cell anemia
4. Fat storage cells of the body
Granulocytes
varicose veins
atria
adipocytes
5. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Rh blood group
atrioventricular valves
Functional syncytium
diastolic blood pressure
6. Purpose of erythrocytes?
high osmolarity of tissues
Blood plasma
coronary sinus
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
7. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Erythropoetin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
resistance
hemostasis
8. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
bilirubin
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
amino acids and glucose
AV node
9. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
WBC
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
systemic arterial blood pressure
10. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Right atrium
fats
Capillaries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
11. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
tricuspid valve
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
oncotic pressure
atrioventricular valves
12. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
pulmonary circulation
hypoxia
coronary sinus
Platelet fxn
13. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
albumin
venous blood pressure
Diastole
Fast Na channels
14. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
bilirubin
Waste
tricuspid valve
veins
15. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
Bundle of His
AV node
adipocytes
16. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Glucose
Fast Na channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
17. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Relaxed
serum
eosinophil
Sickle cell anemia
18. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
bicuspid (mitral) valve
fibrinogen
cardiac output (L/min)
19. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Lipoproteins
amino acids and glucose
20. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
Tense
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Inflammation
21. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
atria and ventricles
basophil
Cardiac muscle cells
venous blood pressure
22. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Granulocytes
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
23. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Tense
Erythropoetin
atria and ventricles
Lipoproteins
24. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
systemic arterial blood pressure
Erythropoetin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
25. 2 chambers of the heart
fats
capillaries
atria
atria and ventricles
26. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Valves of the venous system
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
27. 2 lymphocytes
Portal systems
pulse pressure
SA node
B cells and T cells
28. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Glucose
pulmonary circulation
Inflammation
2 components of antigens
29. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Frank - Starling Effect
Platelet fxn
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
atria
30. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
valves
hypoxia
varicose veins
amino acids and glucose
31. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
bilirubin
Cardiac muscle cells
Inflammation
Hemoglobin
32. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
pulmonary circulation
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Functional syncytium
33. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Diastole
Slow Ca channels
Ohm's law
local autoregulation
34. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
local autoregulation
Fast Na channels
35. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
local autoregulation
hemostasis
Ca channels
atria and ventricles
36. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
Sickle cell anemia
Perfusion
heart
37. What is the direct cause of edema?
Ischemia
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
serum
Na leak channels
38. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
heart
Vagal Signal
albumin
heart rate
39. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
pulse pressure
Lipoproteins
Perfusion
40. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Baroreceptors
fibrin
local autoregulation
fats
41. Number of systole contractions per unit time
venous blood pressure
eosinophil
heart rate
Na leak channels
42. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
pulmonary circulation
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
coronary sinus
Sympathetic regulation of heart
43. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
systemic circulation
Peripheral resistance
Bundle of His
44. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
veins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
fibrin
45. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Right atrium
heart
Ischemia
46. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
fats
oncotic pressure
valves
systemic circulation
47. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
serum
fibrinogen
48. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
Intercalated discs
heart rate
Granulocytes
49. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
Frank - Starling Effect
Blood plasma
macrophage
50. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Granulocytes
capillaries
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Fxn of circulatory system