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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Erythrocytes
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
2. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
venous return
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
local autoregulation
varicose veins
3. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
Blood plasma
Slow Ca channels
Diastole
4. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
albumin
heart
Repolarization of nodes
systolic blood pressure
5. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
coronary sinus
Peripheral resistance
Na leak channels
6. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
eosinophil
venous return
7. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
oncotic pressure
fibrin
ABO blood group
8. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
B cells and T cells
Ca channels
serum
9. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
nutrients
Diastole
Portal systems
veins
10. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Inflammation
high osmolarity of tissues
bicuspid (mitral) valve
11. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Glucose
Systole
Sickle cell anemia
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
12. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
B cells and T cells
basophil
capillaries
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
heart
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
nutrients
systemic circulation
14. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Ca channels
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Vagal Signal
15. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Thrombus
Waste
high osmolarity of tissues
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
16. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Right atrium
Temperature or metabolic rate
albumin
Bundle of His
17. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Sympathetic regulation of heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
18. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
fats
Slow Ca channels
chylomicrons
19. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
diastolic blood pressure
Systole
ventricles
20. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Ohm's law
Erythropoetin
Intercalated discs
heart rate
21. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Spleen and liver
Portal systems
22. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Right atrium
Platelet fxn
Functional syncytium
veins
23. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
neutrophil
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Perfusion
Hemoglobin
24. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
Slow Ca channels
fibrinogen
coronary sinus
25. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
urea
atria and ventricles
ABO blood group
cardiac output (L/min)
26. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Inflammation
hypoxia
systemic circulation
venous blood pressure
27. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Ohm's law
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
28. Number of systole contractions per unit time
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
heart rate
Granulocytes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
29. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
systemic arterial blood pressure
Waste
Erythropoetin
30. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
systemic arterial blood pressure
local autoregulation
Glucose
Right atrium
31. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
stroke volume
AV node
32. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Rh blood group
Fast Na channels
eosinophil
heart
33. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
serum
venous return
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
34. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
macrophage
B cells and T cells
Lipoproteins
2 components of antigens
35. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Hemoglobin
neutrophil
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
36. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Coronary veins
Tense
2 components of antigens
Lipoproteins
37. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
atrioventricular valves
Blood plasma
Fxn of circulatory system
bone marrow
38. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
stroke volume
39. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
macrophage
Ohm's law
WBC
systemic arterial blood pressure
40. Universal donor
bicuspid (mitral) valve
bone marrow
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Erythrocytes
41. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Thrombus
stroke volume
urea
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
42. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
hemophilia
Internodal tract
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
basophil
43. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
atria and ventricles
Sympathetic regulation of heart
resistance
Temperature or metabolic rate
44. What is the direct cause of edema?
venous return
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Intercalated discs
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
45. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Inflammation
eosinophil
hemostasis
46. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Erythrocytes
Coronary veins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
fibrinogen
47. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
oncotic pressure
macrophage
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
ABO blood group
48. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
systemic arterial blood pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
basophil
49. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Sympathetic regulation of heart
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
AV node
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
50. 2 portal systems to know
albumin
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate