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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






2. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






3. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






4. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






5. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






6. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






7. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






8. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






9. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






10. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






11. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






12. When do Rh antibodies develop?






13. Universal acceptor






14. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






15. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






16. 2 lymphocytes






17. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






18. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






19. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






20. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






21. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






22. Where are RBCs broken down?






23. 2 ways to increase venous return






24. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






25. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






26. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






27. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






28. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






29. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






30. Number of systole contractions per unit time






31. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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32. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






33. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






34. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






35. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






36. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






37. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






38. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






39. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






40. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






41. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






42. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






43. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






44. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






45. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






46. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






47. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






48. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






49. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






50. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries