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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






2. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






3. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






4. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






5. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






6. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






7. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






8. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






9. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






10. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






11. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






12. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






13. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






14. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






15. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






16. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






17. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






18. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






19. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






20. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






21. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






22. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






23. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






24. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






25. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






26. Fat storage cells of the body






27. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






28. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






29. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






30. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






31. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






32. 2 portal systems to know






33. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






34. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






35. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






36. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






37. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






38. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






39. 2 lymphocytes






40. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






41. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






42. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






43. Universal acceptor






44. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






45. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






46. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






47. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






48. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






49. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






50. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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