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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Intercalated discs
Relaxed
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
2. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Fast Na channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
systolic blood pressure
SA node
3. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Frank - Starling Effect
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
capillaries
Vagal Signal
4. 2 portal systems to know
Erythrocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
albumin
Diastole
5. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
adipocytes
coronary sinus
heart
6. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Portal systems
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Fxn of circulatory system
pulse pressure
7. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
adipocytes
nutrients
coronary sinus
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
8. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
pulse pressure
Coronary veins
Tense
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
9. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
ABO blood group
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Frank - Starling Effect
10. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
coronary sinus
varicose veins
Granulocytes
11. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
Sickle cell anemia
Ca channels
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
12. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
Na leak channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Diastole is longer
13. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Frank - Starling Effect
Blood plasma
megakaryocytes
Cardiac muscle cells
14. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Portal systems
tricuspid valve
15. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
venous return
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
chylomicrons
bone marrow
16. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Systole
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
17. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
Capillaries
Peripheral resistance
amino acids and glucose
18. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Inflammation
macrophage
hemophilia
Erythropoetin
19. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Valves of the venous system
Capillaries
albumin
hemostasis
20. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
hypoxia
adrenergic tone
macrophage
Hemoglobin
21. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Coronary arteries
Fxn of circulatory system
22. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Thrombus
bilirubin
Capillaries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
23. Where are RBCs broken down?
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
hypoxia
Spleen and liver
capillaries
24. Fat storage cells of the body
atria and ventricles
adipocytes
bilirubin
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
25. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Platelet fxn
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
SA node
26. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Diastole
systolic blood pressure
Sickle cell anemia
27. Universal donor
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Cardiac muscle cells
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Diastole is longer
28. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
B cells and T cells
hemostasis
local autoregulation
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
29. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
diastolic blood pressure
Ischemia
T- tubules
bone marrow
30. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Spleen and liver
Waste
Rh blood group
serum
31. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
Internodal tract
Systole
Hepatic portal vein
32. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Repolarization of nodes
Granulocytes
Functional syncytium
nutrients
33. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
AV node
Rh blood group
resistance
Systole
34. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
cardiac output (L/min)
Na leak channels
Ca channels
Thrombus
35. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
oncotic pressure
serum
varicose veins
36. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Vagal Signal
heart
37. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Capillaries
Valves of the venous system
high osmolarity of tissues
Coronary veins
38. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
Internodal tract
macrophage
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
39. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
WBC
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
pulmonary circulation
Erythropoetin
40. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Systole
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
41. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
venous blood pressure
Ischemia
megakaryocytes
42. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
systemic arterial blood pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
Slow Ca channels
43. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
hemostasis
Rh blood group
Blood plasma
atria
44. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
atrioventricular valves
venous return
Systole
45. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
systolic blood pressure
amino acids and glucose
heart
Sickle cell anemia
46. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Thrombus
adrenergic tone
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
valves
47. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
T- tubules
Right atrium
Erythropoetin
basophil
48. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Hemoglobin
Peripheral resistance
bone marrow
Granulocytes
49. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
albumin
local autoregulation
fibrinogen
pulse pressure
50. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Systole
Coronary arteries
Lipoproteins
neutrophil