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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






2. Purpose of erythrocytes?






3. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






4. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






5. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






6. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






7. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






8. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






9. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






11. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






12. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






13. When do semilunar valves close?






14. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






15. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






16. Number of systole contractions per unit time






17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






18. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






19. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






20. 2 lymphocytes






21. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






22. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






23. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






24. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






25. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






26. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






27. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






28. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






29. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






30. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






31. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






32. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






33. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






34. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






35. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






36. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






37. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






38. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






39. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






40. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






41. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






42. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






43. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






44. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






45. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






46. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






47. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






48. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






49. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






50. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance