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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
resistance
Fxn of circulatory system
neutrophil
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
2. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Platelet fxn
Erythropoetin
Granulocytes
Relaxed
3. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
4. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
varicose veins
T- tubules
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
ABO blood group
5. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Valves of the venous system
veins
resistance
urea
6. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Granulocytes
oncotic pressure
diastolic blood pressure
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
7. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Bundle of His
Thrombus
Diastole
8. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
WBC
Waste
Coronary veins
Repolarization of nodes
9. When do semilunar valves close?
bilirubin
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Relaxed
10. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
cardiac output (L/min)
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
2 components of antigens
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
11. Flow of blood through a tissue
high osmolarity of tissues
neutrophil
SA node
Perfusion
12. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Frank - Starling Effect
B cells and T cells
Fast Na channels
Glucose
13. Purpose of erythrocytes?
WBC
hemostasis
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
fibrin
14. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Repolarization of nodes
venous blood pressure
arteries
15. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Portal systems
venous blood pressure
Right atrium
Tense
16. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
high osmolarity of tissues
serum
Tense
17. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Coronary arteries
bone marrow
Ischemia
Hemoglobin
18. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
systemic arterial blood pressure
Perfusion
macrophage
19. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
megakaryocytes
bilirubin
neutrophil
20. 2 ways to increase venous return
arteries
Hepatic portal vein
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
21. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
veins
local autoregulation
arteries
Capillaries
22. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Erythrocytes
macrophage
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
23. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Ca channels
Repolarization of nodes
Frank - Starling Effect
neutrophil
24. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
stroke volume
Baroreceptors
systolic blood pressure
Sickle cell anemia
25. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Diastole is longer
Slow Ca channels
Fxn of circulatory system
Coronary arteries
26. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Fxn of circulatory system
adipocytes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
chylomicrons
27. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Na leak channels
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
28. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
ventricles
amino acids and glucose
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
29. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Lipoproteins
Intercalated discs
Ohm's law
Hemoglobin
30. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
bone marrow
eosinophil
neutrophil
31. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Bundle of His
Slow Ca channels
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
albumin
32. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Capillaries
Inflammation
Waste
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
33. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Rh blood group
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
34. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Capillaries
Valves of the venous system
Diastole
Tense
35. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Intercalated discs
SA node
bilirubin
chylomicrons
36. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
chylomicrons
Diastole is longer
bilirubin
Hemoglobin
37. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Tense
bicuspid (mitral) valve
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
hemophilia
38. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Capillaries
Thrombus
venous return
diastolic blood pressure
39. 2 portal systems to know
Diastole is longer
Portal systems
AV node
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
40. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
adrenergic tone
systemic arterial blood pressure
41. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
adrenergic tone
chylomicrons
Hepatic portal vein
Ohm's law
42. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Glucose
atria
Perfusion
43. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Slow Ca channels
systemic circulation
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
heart rate
44. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
Inflammation
pulse pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
45. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
bone marrow
Lipoproteins
neutrophil
Bundle of His
46. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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47. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
heart
Hemoglobin
resistance
48. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
atria and ventricles
49. Where are RBCs broken down?
T- tubules
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Sickle cell anemia
Spleen and liver
50. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Hemoglobin
hypoxia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
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