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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
pulse pressure
Baroreceptors
2. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Fxn of circulatory system
atrioventricular valves
Fast Na channels
Relaxed
3. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
Right atrium
Fast Na channels
bilirubin
4. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
neutrophil
Ischemia
Fxn of circulatory system
5. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Fxn of circulatory system
oncotic pressure
Glucose
Systole
6. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
cardiac output (L/min)
macrophage
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
venous blood pressure
7. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
2 components of antigens
venous blood pressure
Sickle cell anemia
Hemoglobin
8. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Valves of the venous system
Fast Na channels
systemic arterial blood pressure
local autoregulation
9. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
heart
macrophage
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
10. 2 ways to increase venous return
Functional syncytium
Coronary veins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
fibrinogen
11. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Coronary arteries
Na leak channels
fibrinogen
Internodal tract
12. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
bilirubin
Erythrocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Hemoglobin
13. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
capillaries
Granulocytes
AV node
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
14. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Ca channels
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Systole
systemic arterial blood pressure
15. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
macrophage
Hemoglobin
Frank - Starling Effect
16. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Relaxed
Valves of the venous system
WBC
17. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Hemoglobin
hypoxia
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
pulmonary circulation
18. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
chylomicrons
atria
adrenergic tone
Blood plasma
19. Number of systole contractions per unit time
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Fxn of circulatory system
heart rate
20. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Vagal Signal
albumin
adipocytes
T- tubules
21. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
basophil
Perfusion
macrophage
22. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
coronary sinus
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Erythrocytes
23. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Valves of the venous system
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Repolarization of nodes
Peripheral resistance
24. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
local autoregulation
ventricles
albumin
Hepatic portal vein
25. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
SA node
bicuspid (mitral) valve
pulmonary circulation
26. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
Na leak channels
local autoregulation
fibrin
27. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Spleen and liver
ventricles
systemic circulation
28. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
atria
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Tense
29. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
Hemoglobin
Coronary arteries
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
30. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
SA node
Erythrocytes
Bundle of His
Capillaries
31. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Thrombus
Diastole
Granulocytes
oncotic pressure
32. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
SA node
capillaries
high osmolarity of tissues
33. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Peripheral resistance
bone marrow
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
nutrients
34. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
basophil
WBC
Peripheral resistance
Repolarization of nodes
35. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
adrenergic tone
fats
chylomicrons
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
36. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Glucose
Lipoproteins
atrioventricular valves
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
37. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
bone marrow
cardiac output (L/min)
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
38. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Spleen and liver
AV node
Hepatic portal vein
bilirubin
39. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Erythrocytes
Hepatic portal vein
adrenergic tone
tricuspid valve
40. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
fats
Waste
serum
Erythrocytes
41. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
heart rate
tricuspid valve
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
42. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
T- tubules
Portal systems
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
neutrophil
43. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
bilirubin
Systole
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
44. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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45. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
systemic circulation
ventricles
46. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
2 components of antigens
diastolic blood pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
47. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
ventricles
basophil
hemostasis
48. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Coronary veins
pulmonary circulation
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
49. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
stroke volume
50. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Erythropoetin
adipocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
chylomicrons
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