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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






2. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






3. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






4. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






5. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






6. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






7. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






8. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






9. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






10. 2 lymphocytes






11. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






12. Fat storage cells of the body






13. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






14. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






15. Flow of blood through a tissue






16. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






17. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






18. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






19. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






20. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






21. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






22. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






23. Where are RBCs broken down?






24. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






25. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






26. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






27. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






28. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






29. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






30. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






31. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






32. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






33. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






34. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






35. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






36. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






37. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






38. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






39. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






40. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






41. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






42. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






43. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






44. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






45. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






46. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






47. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






48. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






49. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






50. When do Rh antibodies develop?