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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






2. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






3. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






4. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






5. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






6. Purpose of erythrocytes?






7. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






8. Universal acceptor






9. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






10. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






11. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






12. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






13. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






14. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






15. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






16. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






17. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






18. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






19. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






20. 2 portal systems to know






21. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






22. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






23. 2 chambers of the heart






24. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






25. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






26. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






27. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






28. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






29. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






30. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






31. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






32. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






33. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






34. Flow of blood through a tissue






35. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






36. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






37. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






38. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






39. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






40. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






41. 2 ways to increase venous return






42. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






43. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






44. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






45. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






46. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






47. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






48. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






49. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






50. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil