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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






2. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






3. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






4. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






5. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






6. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






7. Where are RBCs broken down?






8. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






9. Fat storage cells of the body






10. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






11. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






12. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






13. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






14. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






15. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






16. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






17. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






18. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






19. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






20. Universal acceptor






21. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






22. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






23. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






24. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






25. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






26. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






27. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






28. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






29. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






30. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






31. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






32. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






33. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






34. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






35. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






36. 2 chambers of the heart






37. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






38. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






39. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






40. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






41. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






42. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






43. What is the direct cause of edema?






44. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






45. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






46. 2 portal systems to know






47. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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48. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






49. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






50. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)