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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
capillaries
heart
systolic blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
2. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
resistance
atria
Relaxed
3. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
B cells and T cells
Baroreceptors
Cardiac muscle cells
bilirubin
4. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Baroreceptors
chylomicrons
systemic arterial blood pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
5. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
WBC
Intercalated discs
varicose veins
Na leak channels
6. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
Right atrium
Ischemia
Diastole is longer
7. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Lipoproteins
Sickle cell anemia
Peripheral resistance
Erythrocytes
8. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Repolarization of nodes
Cardiac muscle cells
Portal systems
9. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Peripheral resistance
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
10. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
ABO blood group
ventricles
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
11. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
stroke volume
atria and ventricles
WBC
Waste
12. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
stroke volume
Frank - Starling Effect
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
13. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
resistance
14. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
SA node
Coronary veins
bone marrow
Internodal tract
15. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
urea
Erythrocytes
Lipoproteins
16. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Peripheral resistance
veins
Perfusion
Hemoglobin
17. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
bone marrow
18. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
fibrinogen
veins
Fast Na channels
19. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Glucose
Na leak channels
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hemostasis
20. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
macrophage
cardiac output (L/min)
urea
Thrombus
21. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
basophil
Thrombus
veins
22. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Glucose
Bundle of His
AV node
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
23. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
tricuspid valve
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
oncotic pressure
24. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
pulse pressure
venous return
tricuspid valve
high osmolarity of tissues
25. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Peripheral resistance
WBC
Ca channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
26. Fat storage cells of the body
Cardiac muscle cells
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
adipocytes
27. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
serum
hemophilia
bicuspid (mitral) valve
28. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
Ca channels
Capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
29. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Erythropoetin
valves
amino acids and glucose
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
30. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
ventricles
Sympathetic regulation of heart
oncotic pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
31. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Functional syncytium
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
heart
AV node
32. 2 portal systems to know
bicuspid (mitral) valve
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Granulocytes
ABO blood group
33. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Valves of the venous system
Rh blood group
Coronary veins
atria
34. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
Blood plasma
Ohm's law
ABO blood group
35. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Ohm's law
Intercalated discs
SA node
36. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
eosinophil
Systole
nutrients
serum
37. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Sympathetic regulation of heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
T- tubules
38. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
Vagal Signal
Slow Ca channels
39. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
T- tubules
Erythrocytes
bilirubin
40. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
2 components of antigens
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Intercalated discs
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
41. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Intercalated discs
diastolic blood pressure
Inflammation
Vagal Signal
42. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
resistance
Capillaries
Systole
Frank - Starling Effect
43. Universal acceptor
venous blood pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
coronary sinus
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
44. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
varicose veins
arteries
Frank - Starling Effect
Na leak channels
45. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Rh blood group
Blood plasma
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
46. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Functional syncytium
Fast Na channels
hemophilia
local autoregulation
47. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
venous return
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Hemoglobin
heart rate
48. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
pulse pressure
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Peripheral resistance
Intercalated discs
49. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
heart
50. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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