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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
fibrin
Blood plasma
Granulocytes
chylomicrons
2. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
pulmonary circulation
fibrin
Frank - Starling Effect
Functional syncytium
3. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
nutrients
eosinophil
oncotic pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
4. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Systole
arteries
5. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
Erythrocytes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
6. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Internodal tract
7. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Sympathetic regulation of heart
serum
Hepatic portal vein
Blood plasma
8. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Relaxed
arteries
9. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Lipoproteins
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
atria and ventricles
Erythropoetin
10. Universal acceptor
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
fibrinogen
ABO blood group
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
11. 2 lymphocytes
macrophage
B cells and T cells
oncotic pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
12. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Fxn of circulatory system
ventricles
13. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Erythrocytes
oncotic pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Coronary veins
14. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
venous blood pressure
albumin
Valves of the venous system
Waste
15. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
hemophilia
SA node
Coronary veins
16. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Portal systems
Platelet fxn
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
atria and ventricles
17. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
stroke volume
local autoregulation
fats
adipocytes
18. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
cardiac output (L/min)
fibrin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Cardiac muscle cells
19. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
pulmonary circulation
systemic arterial blood pressure
adrenergic tone
albumin
20. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
fats
atrioventricular valves
AV node
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
21. Flow of blood through a tissue
atria
Perfusion
pulmonary circulation
Glucose
22. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
cardiac output (L/min)
nutrients
Slow Ca channels
Coronary veins
23. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Glucose
veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
24. Purpose of erythrocytes?
ventricles
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Baroreceptors
varicose veins
25. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
pulse pressure
macrophage
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
ABO blood group
26. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
local autoregulation
chylomicrons
B cells and T cells
WBC
27. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
venous return
2 components of antigens
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
pulmonary circulation
28. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Internodal tract
pulmonary circulation
Systole
Slow Ca channels
29. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
SA node
fats
30. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
high osmolarity of tissues
Slow Ca channels
venous return
31. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
systolic blood pressure
systemic circulation
bilirubin
varicose veins
32. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Waste
diastolic blood pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
atria
33. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
stroke volume
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
34. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
albumin
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
hypoxia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
35. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
atria and ventricles
bone marrow
fibrin
atria
36. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Lipoproteins
tricuspid valve
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
basophil
37. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
pulse pressure
albumin
Portal systems
38. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Vagal Signal
Baroreceptors
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
SA node
39. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
fibrinogen
Erythropoetin
valves
local autoregulation
40. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Intercalated discs
ventricles
bone marrow
Erythropoetin
41. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
macrophage
eosinophil
Fast Na channels
ABO blood group
42. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
ABO blood group
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
nutrients
43. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
diastolic blood pressure
Intercalated discs
44. 2 portal systems to know
Frank - Starling Effect
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
fibrinogen
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
45. 2 ways to increase venous return
veins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
atria and ventricles
Na leak channels
46. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
varicose veins
Ohm's law
Na leak channels
47. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
heart rate
hypoxia
Coronary arteries
Cardiac muscle cells
48. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
macrophage
Perfusion
Coronary arteries
49. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Frank - Starling Effect
Rh blood group
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Erythrocytes
50. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
fibrin
resistance
veins
Vagal Signal