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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Blood plasma
nutrients
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
2. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
venous blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Spleen and liver
3. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Na leak channels
coronary sinus
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
4. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Ohm's law
Coronary veins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Valves of the venous system
5. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
eosinophil
Sickle cell anemia
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
bilirubin
6. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
local autoregulation
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Granulocytes
7. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
B cells and T cells
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
venous blood pressure
resistance
8. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
macrophage
9. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
Hemoglobin
arteries
urea
10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
coronary sinus
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
T- tubules
Repolarization of nodes
11. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Granulocytes
stroke volume
megakaryocytes
Thrombus
12. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
heart rate
albumin
13. When do semilunar valves close?
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
atria and ventricles
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Erythrocytes
14. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
SA node
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
macrophage
15. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Sickle cell anemia
Erythrocytes
eosinophil
arteries
16. Number of systole contractions per unit time
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
heart
heart rate
WBC
17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
adipocytes
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Frank - Starling Effect
WBC
18. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
fibrinogen
Hemoglobin
Perfusion
Valves of the venous system
19. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
eosinophil
cardiac output (L/min)
Portal systems
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
20. 2 lymphocytes
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Capillaries
B cells and T cells
Relaxed
21. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
AV node
pulmonary circulation
basophil
Coronary arteries
22. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Frank - Starling Effect
resistance
cardiac output (L/min)
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
23. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
amino acids and glucose
Inflammation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
24. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Erythropoetin
neutrophil
25. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
local autoregulation
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Rh blood group
Slow Ca channels
26. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Functional syncytium
systemic arterial blood pressure
Ischemia
Systole
27. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Ohm's law
coronary sinus
28. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Relaxed
Lipoproteins
serum
Right atrium
29. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Sympathetic regulation of heart
tricuspid valve
coronary sinus
urea
30. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
AV node
atria and ventricles
Rh blood group
31. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
systolic blood pressure
Coronary arteries
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Ohm's law
32. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
megakaryocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
bilirubin
systolic blood pressure
33. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
bone marrow
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
veins
fibrin
34. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
hemostasis
Peripheral resistance
WBC
35. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
Tense
diastolic blood pressure
hemostasis
36. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
Right atrium
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
37. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Capillaries
Inflammation
amino acids and glucose
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
38. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
basophil
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
adrenergic tone
39. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
albumin
Ca channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
macrophage
40. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
SA node
Internodal tract
adrenergic tone
41. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Na leak channels
hemostasis
chylomicrons
atrioventricular valves
42. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
Portal systems
Repolarization of nodes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
43. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Right atrium
Cardiac muscle cells
arteries
WBC
44. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Diastole
Capillaries
venous blood pressure
45. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
Spleen and liver
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Slow Ca channels
46. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
basophil
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Hepatic portal vein
Thrombus
47. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Ohm's law
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
systemic circulation
Hemoglobin
48. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
eosinophil
Fast Na channels
Right atrium
T- tubules
49. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
urea
Bundle of His
Sickle cell anemia
arteries
50. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Fxn of circulatory system
venous blood pressure