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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






2. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






3. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






4. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






5. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






6. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






7. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






8. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






9. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






10. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






11. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






12. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






13. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






14. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






15. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






16. Where are RBCs broken down?






17. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






18. Universal donor






19. Flow of blood through a tissue






20. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






21. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






22. 2 ways to increase venous return






23. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






24. 2 lymphocytes






25. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






26. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






27. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






28. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






29. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






30. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






31. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






32. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






33. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






34. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






35. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






36. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






37. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






38. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






39. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






40. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






41. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






42. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






43. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






44. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






45. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






46. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






47. Universal acceptor






48. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






49. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






50. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall