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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
atria
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Erythrocytes
veins
2. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
2 components of antigens
Waste
Baroreceptors
Internodal tract
3. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Repolarization of nodes
diastolic blood pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
Slow Ca channels
4. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
T- tubules
varicose veins
local autoregulation
albumin
5. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Coronary arteries
Peripheral resistance
resistance
stroke volume
6. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
pulmonary circulation
Lipoproteins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Portal systems
7. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
venous return
fibrinogen
T- tubules
8. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Ischemia
Hepatic portal vein
stroke volume
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
9. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
adipocytes
Platelet fxn
Ohm's law
hemostasis
10. Number of systole contractions per unit time
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
heart rate
Frank - Starling Effect
11. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Blood plasma
venous return
ABO blood group
hemostasis
12. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
fibrinogen
Thrombus
Hepatic portal vein
Ischemia
13. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
Internodal tract
urea
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
14. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Waste
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
SA node
15. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
cardiac output (L/min)
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Diastole
16. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
AV node
Hepatic portal vein
Fxn of circulatory system
fibrin
17. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Rh blood group
Functional syncytium
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Slow Ca channels
18. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
coronary sinus
Na leak channels
Lipoproteins
chylomicrons
19. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Fast Na channels
bilirubin
fibrin
Granulocytes
20. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Sympathetic regulation of heart
21. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Capillaries
diastolic blood pressure
urea
adrenergic tone
22. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
diastolic blood pressure
systemic arterial blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
Hemoglobin
23. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
local autoregulation
Repolarization of nodes
venous return
24. Where are RBCs broken down?
Coronary veins
eosinophil
Intercalated discs
Spleen and liver
25. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
pulse pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Fast Na channels
26. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
nutrients
Valves of the venous system
Perfusion
27. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Fxn of circulatory system
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Erythrocytes
oncotic pressure
28. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
hypoxia
serum
Waste
29. Universal acceptor
capillaries
Tense
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
30. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Vagal Signal
capillaries
Diastole
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
31. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
Erythropoetin
nutrients
high osmolarity of tissues
32. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
Temperature or metabolic rate
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
atria and ventricles
33. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
Repolarization of nodes
Waste
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
34. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Rh blood group
tricuspid valve
adrenergic tone
systolic blood pressure
35. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Hemoglobin
Repolarization of nodes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
systolic blood pressure
36. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
capillaries
37. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Sickle cell anemia
venous return
heart rate
Granulocytes
38. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Cardiac muscle cells
ABO blood group
amino acids and glucose
Blood plasma
39. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Lipoproteins
systemic arterial blood pressure
40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Diastole
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Ca channels
41. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
SA node
systolic blood pressure
ABO blood group
42. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Diastole
Hemoglobin
serum
systolic blood pressure
43. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
WBC
Relaxed
ventricles
Sickle cell anemia
44. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
megakaryocytes
hemophilia
Granulocytes
45. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Fxn of circulatory system
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
SA node
46. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
stroke volume
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
megakaryocytes
cardiac output (L/min)
47. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
tricuspid valve
Granulocytes
Temperature or metabolic rate
48. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
heart rate
capillaries
Portal systems
Ischemia
49. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Baroreceptors
valves
Thrombus
Diastole is longer
50. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
Diastole
atria
Portal systems