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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Na leak channels
fibrinogen
2. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
heart rate
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
3. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
systolic blood pressure
Na leak channels
Granulocytes
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
4. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
pulmonary circulation
Spleen and liver
Coronary arteries
hypoxia
5. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hemostasis
6. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Na leak channels
diastolic blood pressure
Portal systems
Hepatic portal vein
7. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
AV node
urea
Ca channels
8. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Valves of the venous system
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Blood plasma
amino acids and glucose
9. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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10. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Relaxed
stroke volume
valves
AV node
11. Universal donor
Thrombus
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
atria and ventricles
Sickle cell anemia
12. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Coronary veins
Systole
hemostasis
13. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Frank - Starling Effect
diastolic blood pressure
venous return
14. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients
T- tubules
albumin
15. When do semilunar valves close?
pulmonary circulation
Diastole is longer
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
16. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Capillaries
atrioventricular valves
veins
17. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
oncotic pressure
Tense
18. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Intercalated discs
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
SA node
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
19. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
local autoregulation
cardiac output (L/min)
bilirubin
20. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
ventricles
Fast Na channels
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
21. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Waste
Repolarization of nodes
22. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
adrenergic tone
Ischemia
2 components of antigens
resistance
23. 2 lymphocytes
local autoregulation
AV node
B cells and T cells
bicuspid (mitral) valve
24. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
venous blood pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Vagal Signal
adrenergic tone
25. 2 portal systems to know
valves
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Spleen and liver
Frank - Starling Effect
26. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Ohm's law
hemophilia
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Hepatic portal vein
27. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Coronary veins
Ohm's law
Granulocytes
Valves of the venous system
28. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
urea
Portal systems
Slow Ca channels
29. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Ca channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Tense
30. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Coronary arteries
Ohm's law
cardiac output (L/min)
31. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
neutrophil
Platelet fxn
Rh blood group
ventricles
32. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
diastolic blood pressure
atria
33. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
serum
systemic arterial blood pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
34. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Na leak channels
macrophage
Hepatic portal vein
Internodal tract
35. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
hemostasis
Tense
Coronary arteries
36. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Ca channels
nutrients
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Bundle of His
37. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
resistance
Right atrium
systemic circulation
38. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Thrombus
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Platelet fxn
Blood plasma
39. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
pulmonary circulation
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Valves of the venous system
40. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
eosinophil
Sickle cell anemia
Erythropoetin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
41. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Inflammation
basophil
AV node
42. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
resistance
Baroreceptors
43. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
bone marrow
Relaxed
T- tubules
Fxn of circulatory system
44. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Functional syncytium
Internodal tract
Systole
Spleen and liver
45. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
diastolic blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
Coronary veins
Erythropoetin
46. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Temperature or metabolic rate
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
serum
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
47. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac muscle cells
Sympathetic regulation of heart
SA node
48. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Na leak channels
venous blood pressure
stroke volume
SA node
49. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Thrombus
Hepatic portal vein
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Diastole is longer
50. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
Tense
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Sympathetic regulation of heart