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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
basophil
Inflammation
ABO blood group
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
2. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
B cells and T cells
megakaryocytes
bilirubin
Thrombus
3. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
T- tubules
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
4. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Right atrium
AV node
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Vagal Signal
5. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Platelet fxn
Thrombus
Coronary veins
serum
6. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Hemoglobin
adipocytes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
7. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
coronary sinus
cardiac output (L/min)
pulse pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
8. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
high osmolarity of tissues
resistance
Thrombus
pulse pressure
9. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
coronary sinus
Erythrocytes
10. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Functional syncytium
Platelet fxn
neutrophil
systemic circulation
11. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
oncotic pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
cardiac output (L/min)
serum
12. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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13. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
AV node
Cardiac muscle cells
hypoxia
14. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
Diastole
Hemoglobin
Ca channels
15. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
B cells and T cells
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Coronary veins
serum
16. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Ca channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
high osmolarity of tissues
17. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
albumin
Diastole is longer
hypoxia
pulse pressure
18. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
veins
urea
Blood plasma
diastolic blood pressure
19. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
atria
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Platelet fxn
20. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
SA node
Bundle of His
atria and ventricles
oncotic pressure
21. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Right atrium
Waste
diastolic blood pressure
22. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
stroke volume
diastolic blood pressure
23. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atrioventricular valves
Fxn of circulatory system
cardiac output (L/min)
Spleen and liver
24. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
eosinophil
local autoregulation
Diastole
Sympathetic regulation of heart
25. Universal acceptor
local autoregulation
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
coronary sinus
26. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary veins
resistance
Coronary arteries
atria
27. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Ca channels
fibrin
eosinophil
Peripheral resistance
28. Flow of blood through a tissue
Capillaries
tricuspid valve
Perfusion
valves
29. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
fibrinogen
WBC
B cells and T cells
30. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
hemostasis
Perfusion
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Diastole
31. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
capillaries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
valves
32. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
capillaries
Ca channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Na leak channels
33. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Baroreceptors
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
34. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Hepatic portal vein
Fast Na channels
35. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
oncotic pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
fibrinogen
36. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
AV node
Intercalated discs
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
37. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
local autoregulation
Inflammation
atria
Blood plasma
38. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
Na leak channels
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
39. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
diastolic blood pressure
Peripheral resistance
nutrients
40. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
atrioventricular valves
Thrombus
Functional syncytium
41. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
venous blood pressure
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
systemic circulation
42. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
resistance
hemostasis
2 components of antigens
bone marrow
43. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
heart
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
44. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Coronary veins
basophil
venous blood pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
45. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
basophil
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
ventricles
hemostasis
46. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Blood plasma
Fxn of circulatory system
fats
47. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Intercalated discs
Rh blood group
Systole
Ischemia
48. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
pulse pressure
SA node
Glucose
49. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
chylomicrons
Intercalated discs
Coronary veins
50. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
urea
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Waste
macrophage