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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
veins
neutrophil
nutrients
T- tubules
2. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Ischemia
heart rate
3. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
basophil
Coronary arteries
cardiac output (L/min)
Na leak channels
4. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Waste
basophil
coronary sinus
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
5. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
veins
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Lipoproteins
6. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Diastole
chylomicrons
Diastole is longer
hypoxia
7. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Coronary veins
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
tricuspid valve
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
8. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
hemophilia
Portal systems
ventricles
9. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
atria
valves
basophil
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
10. When do semilunar valves close?
Diastole is longer
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
veins
Sickle cell anemia
11. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
megakaryocytes
Sickle cell anemia
Frank - Starling Effect
12. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Capillaries
Hepatic portal vein
Thrombus
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
13. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
fibrin
bone marrow
Intercalated discs
14. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Lipoproteins
Cardiac muscle cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Hepatic portal vein
15. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Spleen and liver
Functional syncytium
chylomicrons
Temperature or metabolic rate
16. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Hemoglobin
Blood plasma
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
17. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
WBC
Portal systems
heart
diastolic blood pressure
18. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Internodal tract
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Diastole is longer
Fast Na channels
19. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
WBC
Ca channels
Diastole
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
20. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
nutrients
T- tubules
Diastole is longer
Bundle of His
21. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
hemophilia
Relaxed
Fast Na channels
22. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
venous return
fibrinogen
Internodal tract
Hemoglobin
23. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Hepatic portal vein
Inflammation
pulmonary circulation
atrioventricular valves
24. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Relaxed
Frank - Starling Effect
pulse pressure
25. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Capillaries
local autoregulation
Blood plasma
26. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
venous blood pressure
Granulocytes
27. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
Repolarization of nodes
fats
Glucose
28. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
adrenergic tone
Functional syncytium
Slow Ca channels
Perfusion
29. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Lipoproteins
fats
AV node
30. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Ischemia
urea
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
31. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
stroke volume
urea
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
32. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
atria and ventricles
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
nutrients
Perfusion
33. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Ohm's law
Temperature or metabolic rate
Vagal Signal
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
34. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
fats
oncotic pressure
2 components of antigens
35. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Perfusion
fats
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
36. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Right atrium
Inflammation
Sickle cell anemia
Temperature or metabolic rate
37. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
macrophage
amino acids and glucose
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
38. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Na leak channels
high osmolarity of tissues
neutrophil
stroke volume
39. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
resistance
Temperature or metabolic rate
40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Intercalated discs
Ca channels
AV node
Relaxed
41. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
atria
Glucose
Vagal Signal
Rh blood group
42. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Erythrocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Portal systems
ABO blood group
43. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
pulmonary circulation
Relaxed
eosinophil
arteries
44. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
pulse pressure
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Thrombus
Ischemia
45. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Valves of the venous system
Capillaries
fibrin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
46. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
heart rate
Intercalated discs
Relaxed
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
47. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
systolic blood pressure
urea
adrenergic tone
Diastole
48. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Ischemia
Erythropoetin
nutrients
49. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
Erythropoetin
Vagal Signal
ABO blood group
50. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Valves of the venous system
capillaries
urea