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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






2. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






3. When do Rh antibodies develop?






4. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






5. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






6. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






7. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






8. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






9. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






10. Flow of blood through a tissue






11. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






12. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






13. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






14. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






15. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






16. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






17. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






18. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






19. Where are RBCs broken down?






20. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






21. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






22. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






23. What is the direct cause of edema?






24. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






25. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






26. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






27. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






28. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






29. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






30. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






31. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






32. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






33. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






34. Universal donor






35. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






36. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






37. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






38. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






39. 2 portal systems to know






40. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






41. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






42. Fat storage cells of the body






43. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






44. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






45. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






46. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






47. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






48. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






49. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






50. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart