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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






2. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






3. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






4. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






5. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






6. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






7. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






8. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






9. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






10. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






11. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






12. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






13. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






14. 2 ways to increase venous return






15. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






16. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






17. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






18. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






19. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






20. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






21. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






22. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






23. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






24. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






25. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






26. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






27. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






28. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






29. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






30. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






31. Number of systole contractions per unit time






32. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






33. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






34. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






35. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






36. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






37. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






38. Purpose of erythrocytes?






39. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






40. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






41. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






42. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






43. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






44. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






45. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






46. Universal acceptor






47. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






48. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






49. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






50. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction