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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






2. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






3. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






4. 2 lymphocytes






5. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






6. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






7. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






8. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






9. Purpose of erythrocytes?






10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






11. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






12. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






13. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






14. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






15. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






16. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






17. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






18. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






19. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






20. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






21. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






22. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






23. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






24. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






25. 2 portal systems to know






26. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






27. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






28. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






29. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






30. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






31. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






32. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






33. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






34. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






35. 2 ways to increase venous return






36. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






37. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






38. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






39. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






40. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






41. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






42. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






43. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






44. Flow of blood through a tissue






45. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






46. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






47. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






48. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






49. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






50. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers