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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
stroke volume
Portal systems
Erythropoetin
2. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
tricuspid valve
Capillaries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
3. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
Vagal Signal
Lipoproteins
Slow Ca channels
4. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
systolic blood pressure
Granulocytes
Coronary arteries
Portal systems
5. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Slow Ca channels
heart rate
albumin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
6. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
nutrients
Coronary arteries
Ca channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
7. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Intercalated discs
Platelet fxn
Bundle of His
atria
8. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Rh blood group
bilirubin
Capillaries
Peripheral resistance
9. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Relaxed
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
neutrophil
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
10. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
B cells and T cells
eosinophil
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
pulmonary circulation
11. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Vagal Signal
Functional syncytium
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Cardiac muscle cells
12. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
oncotic pressure
Ca channels
venous blood pressure
Vagal Signal
13. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Spleen and liver
macrophage
fibrin
Lipoproteins
14. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Peripheral resistance
diastolic blood pressure
Slow Ca channels
bilirubin
15. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
B cells and T cells
Frank - Starling Effect
WBC
Ca channels
16. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Functional syncytium
albumin
Erythropoetin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
17. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Cardiac muscle cells
megakaryocytes
Baroreceptors
ABO blood group
18. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Rh blood group
diastolic blood pressure
Valves of the venous system
Vagal Signal
19. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
venous return
2 components of antigens
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
AV node
20. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Coronary arteries
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
ABO blood group
21. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
SA node
22. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
SA node
Waste
cardiac output (L/min)
Valves of the venous system
23. Purpose of erythrocytes?
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
bone marrow
coronary sinus
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
24. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
Peripheral resistance
Intercalated discs
eosinophil
25. 2 lymphocytes
systemic circulation
B cells and T cells
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
diastolic blood pressure
26. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Slow Ca channels
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
27. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
Baroreceptors
bone marrow
Coronary arteries
28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Capillaries
Granulocytes
Glucose
coronary sinus
29. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Na leak channels
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
adrenergic tone
30. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Ohm's law
megakaryocytes
hypoxia
stroke volume
31. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
neutrophil
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
hemostasis
32. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
oncotic pressure
Bundle of His
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Sympathetic regulation of heart
33. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Frank - Starling Effect
pulmonary circulation
Diastole
Vagal Signal
34. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Capillaries
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
35. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Frank - Starling Effect
eosinophil
Diastole is longer
urea
36. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
amino acids and glucose
pulse pressure
veins
Intercalated discs
37. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
systemic circulation
Internodal tract
tricuspid valve
Rh blood group
38. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
adipocytes
fibrin
Cardiac muscle cells
Rh blood group
39. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
fibrinogen
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
nutrients
veins
40. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Right atrium
atria and ventricles
41. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Erythrocytes
Blood plasma
ABO blood group
atrioventricular valves
42. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Temperature or metabolic rate
Blood plasma
WBC
Capillaries
43. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
venous blood pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Frank - Starling Effect
44. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Diastole
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Bundle of His
Hemoglobin
45. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
amino acids and glucose
Diastole
Valves of the venous system
Platelet fxn
46. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
SA node
47. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
atrioventricular valves
bone marrow
Slow Ca channels
neutrophil
48. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Granulocytes
Lipoproteins
valves
WBC
49. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
Erythrocytes
Valves of the venous system
Thrombus
50. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
Thrombus
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
venous return