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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Diastole is longer
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Repolarization of nodes
Granulocytes
2. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
3. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
chylomicrons
megakaryocytes
Blood plasma
Valves of the venous system
4. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
heart rate
Sympathetic regulation of heart
atria
Relaxed
5. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
varicose veins
bilirubin
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
coronary sinus
6. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
local autoregulation
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
cardiac output (L/min)
Diastole
7. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Thrombus
chylomicrons
AV node
Inflammation
8. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Perfusion
fibrinogen
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Ohm's law
9. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Thrombus
fats
2 components of antigens
10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Perfusion
Ischemia
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
megakaryocytes
11. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
serum
Ohm's law
systolic blood pressure
megakaryocytes
12. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
chylomicrons
systemic circulation
Functional syncytium
13. Purpose of erythrocytes?
capillaries
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Cardiac muscle cells
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
14. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Bundle of His
Internodal tract
15. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
hemophilia
Frank - Starling Effect
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
local autoregulation
16. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
Relaxed
Erythropoetin
Fast Na channels
17. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
venous return
Thrombus
Temperature or metabolic rate
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
18. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
varicose veins
venous blood pressure
adrenergic tone
19. 2 chambers of the heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
stroke volume
ventricles
atria and ventricles
20. 2 ways to increase venous return
venous blood pressure
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
serum
fibrinogen
21. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
hypoxia
Coronary veins
albumin
T- tubules
22. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
fats
fibrin
bone marrow
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
23. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
atrioventricular valves
Intercalated discs
24. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Diastole is longer
T- tubules
venous blood pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
25. What is the direct cause of edema?
Vagal Signal
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
hemostasis
26. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
macrophage
adrenergic tone
Relaxed
Platelet fxn
27. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
arteries
2 components of antigens
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
28. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
oncotic pressure
AV node
capillaries
ventricles
29. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
capillaries
Erythropoetin
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
venous return
30. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Ischemia
capillaries
varicose veins
basophil
31. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
WBC
Intercalated discs
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
32. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Capillaries
2 components of antigens
Diastole is longer
Repolarization of nodes
33. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Hemoglobin
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Inflammation
cardiac output (L/min)
34. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
fibrinogen
eosinophil
Intercalated discs
35. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Lipoproteins
Granulocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
pulmonary circulation
36. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
arteries
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Sickle cell anemia
Capillaries
37. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
oncotic pressure
heart rate
Intercalated discs
38. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
local autoregulation
venous return
high osmolarity of tissues
ABO blood group
39. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
bilirubin
adrenergic tone
pulse pressure
oncotic pressure
40. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
hemostasis
neutrophil
coronary sinus
Platelet fxn
41. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Bundle of His
capillaries
heart rate
Functional syncytium
42. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Fxn of circulatory system
AV node
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Systole
43. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
Spleen and liver
Intercalated discs
Sickle cell anemia
44. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
fibrin
Perfusion
Slow Ca channels
Inflammation
45. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Lipoproteins
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
46. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
AV node
Functional syncytium
Internodal tract
47. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
urea
arteries
48. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
T- tubules
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Coronary veins
Erythrocytes
49. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Na leak channels
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
venous return
basophil
50. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
bilirubin
Fast Na channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum