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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fat storage cells of the body
adrenergic tone
Rh blood group
adipocytes
veins
2. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
nutrients
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
3. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Baroreceptors
Erythropoetin
Spleen and liver
Granulocytes
4. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
hemophilia
atrioventricular valves
hemostasis
5. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Ca channels
valves
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
cardiac output (L/min)
6. Universal donor
pulse pressure
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
megakaryocytes
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
7. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
Portal systems
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Fxn of circulatory system
8. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Cardiac muscle cells
Relaxed
Inflammation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
9. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
ABO blood group
systemic arterial blood pressure
chylomicrons
10. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
Systole
high osmolarity of tissues
atrioventricular valves
11. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Spleen and liver
ventricles
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
amino acids and glucose
12. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
fibrin
Fast Na channels
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Platelet fxn
13. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
local autoregulation
atria
Granulocytes
Erythrocytes
14. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
pulmonary circulation
resistance
coronary sinus
Hemoglobin
15. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
capillaries
pulse pressure
Hepatic portal vein
oncotic pressure
16. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
systemic arterial blood pressure
local autoregulation
Ohm's law
17. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
tricuspid valve
Internodal tract
Peripheral resistance
eosinophil
18. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Hemoglobin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Bundle of His
Coronary veins
19. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
B cells and T cells
fibrin
atria
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
20. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
hypoxia
Internodal tract
Functional syncytium
Granulocytes
21. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
systemic arterial blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
Cardiac muscle cells
22. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
WBC
basophil
Intercalated discs
23. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
pulse pressure
hemophilia
Sympathetic regulation of heart
urea
24. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Bundle of His
Intercalated discs
Perfusion
coronary sinus
25. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Na leak channels
neutrophil
chylomicrons
Vagal Signal
26. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
serum
diastolic blood pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
27. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Capillaries
fibrinogen
arteries
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
28. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Functional syncytium
Thrombus
Valves of the venous system
Waste
29. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Ca channels
veins
basophil
30. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Peripheral resistance
Lipoproteins
31. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
systolic blood pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
32. Number of systole contractions per unit time
diastolic blood pressure
T- tubules
heart rate
Coronary arteries
33. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Sickle cell anemia
amino acids and glucose
Coronary veins
34. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Fxn of circulatory system
Valves of the venous system
bilirubin
varicose veins
35. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
serum
local autoregulation
WBC
fibrinogen
36. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Blood plasma
fibrin
37. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
Waste
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
stroke volume
38. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Coronary veins
2 components of antigens
pulse pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
39. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Na leak channels
Perfusion
resistance
40. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
Glucose
T- tubules
Erythrocytes
41. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
eosinophil
Baroreceptors
Platelet fxn
Fxn of circulatory system
42. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Lipoproteins
Erythropoetin
Fxn of circulatory system
Capillaries
43. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
chylomicrons
Fast Na channels
Cardiac muscle cells
high osmolarity of tissues
44. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
venous blood pressure
Systole
Erythropoetin
45. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
T- tubules
pulse pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
46. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
pulse pressure
Perfusion
47. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Granulocytes
atrioventricular valves
Slow Ca channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
48. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
hemostasis
varicose veins
Valves of the venous system
serum
49. Purpose of erythrocytes?
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
heart rate
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Spleen and liver
50. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Hepatic portal vein
urea
WBC
nutrients