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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
systolic blood pressure
fats
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Ohm's law
2. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
AV node
Bundle of His
local autoregulation
3. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
hemostasis
Baroreceptors
Blood plasma
4. Flow of blood through a tissue
tricuspid valve
chylomicrons
Perfusion
neutrophil
5. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Coronary veins
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
albumin
6. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
heart
Slow Ca channels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
7. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Vagal Signal
Blood plasma
Sympathetic regulation of heart
8. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Repolarization of nodes
coronary sinus
Erythrocytes
bone marrow
9. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Capillaries
ABO blood group
Blood plasma
Coronary arteries
10. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
fats
Slow Ca channels
Sickle cell anemia
Rh blood group
11. What is the direct cause of edema?
Ca channels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
AV node
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
12. 2 portal systems to know
Perfusion
oncotic pressure
Vagal Signal
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
13. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
hypoxia
Coronary veins
bicuspid (mitral) valve
14. 2 chambers of the heart
basophil
atria and ventricles
arteries
high osmolarity of tissues
15. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
bone marrow
Portal systems
Lipoproteins
high osmolarity of tissues
16. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
neutrophil
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
adrenergic tone
17. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Valves of the venous system
arteries
valves
18. When do semilunar valves close?
adipocytes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Right atrium
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
19. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Cardiac muscle cells
Capillaries
Systole
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
20. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Tense
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
SA node
21. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
heart rate
atria and ventricles
Capillaries
22. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
T- tubules
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Platelet fxn
23. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Platelet fxn
Spleen and liver
bicuspid (mitral) valve
venous return
24. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
pulmonary circulation
nutrients
capillaries
25. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Erythrocytes
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Coronary veins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
26. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
neutrophil
Temperature or metabolic rate
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Tense
27. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
capillaries
Right atrium
Functional syncytium
hypoxia
28. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Vagal Signal
Cardiac muscle cells
Temperature or metabolic rate
Blood plasma
29. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Functional syncytium
Cardiac muscle cells
atria
bone marrow
30. When do Rh antibodies develop?
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Spleen and liver
Frank - Starling Effect
31. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
systemic circulation
macrophage
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
2 components of antigens
32. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
chylomicrons
Repolarization of nodes
systemic circulation
stroke volume
33. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Relaxed
Hepatic portal vein
34. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
fibrin
Perfusion
ABO blood group
35. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
Internodal tract
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
36. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
ventricles
coronary sinus
Right atrium
neutrophil
37. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
systolic blood pressure
pulmonary circulation
albumin
adrenergic tone
38. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
heart
Erythrocytes
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Slow Ca channels
39. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Coronary arteries
pulse pressure
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
40. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
WBC
AV node
Intercalated discs
41. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
coronary sinus
Ischemia
resistance
42. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Bundle of His
Erythrocytes
macrophage
eosinophil
43. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
megakaryocytes
fats
44. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Coronary arteries
Coronary veins
Granulocytes
B cells and T cells
45. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
ABO blood group
fats
Temperature or metabolic rate
fibrin
46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Glucose
coronary sinus
Inflammation
Fxn of circulatory system
47. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
nutrients
venous blood pressure
stroke volume
48. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
Na leak channels
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Systole
49. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
local autoregulation
SA node
Sickle cell anemia
50. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
cardiac output (L/min)
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Functional syncytium