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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Right atrium
Inflammation
serum
Sympathetic regulation of heart
2. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Cardiac muscle cells
diastolic blood pressure
hemostasis
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
3. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Relaxed
Ohm's law
WBC
bilirubin
4. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Cardiac muscle cells
Na leak channels
Hepatic portal vein
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
5. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Thrombus
neutrophil
Erythrocytes
Ohm's law
6. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Hepatic portal vein
Repolarization of nodes
basophil
Waste
7. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
veins
Diastole is longer
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
8. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
WBC
urea
Peripheral resistance
resistance
9. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Erythropoetin
Ischemia
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Temperature or metabolic rate
10. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Ischemia
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
11. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
tricuspid valve
urea
12. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Hemoglobin
SA node
bilirubin
chylomicrons
13. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Diastole is longer
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
atria and ventricles
chylomicrons
14. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
high osmolarity of tissues
systemic arterial blood pressure
Baroreceptors
15. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
neutrophil
Vagal Signal
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
16. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
atria
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Erythropoetin
Frank - Starling Effect
17. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
capillaries
Intercalated discs
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
ventricles
18. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
systemic circulation
Waste
coronary sinus
Platelet fxn
19. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
B cells and T cells
hemophilia
systemic circulation
20. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Granulocytes
Platelet fxn
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulse pressure
21. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
pulse pressure
venous return
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
fats
22. What is the direct cause of edema?
urea
Peripheral resistance
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Frank - Starling Effect
23. Universal acceptor
B cells and T cells
SA node
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
24. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Vagal Signal
Fxn of circulatory system
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
WBC
25. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
B cells and T cells
Right atrium
Na leak channels
26. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
adipocytes
heart
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
albumin
27. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Fast Na channels
Ischemia
28. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Na leak channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Tense
heart rate
29. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Tense
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Relaxed
30. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
diastolic blood pressure
Blood plasma
31. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
AV node
urea
Peripheral resistance
32. When do Rh antibodies develop?
bilirubin
Relaxed
Diastole is longer
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
33. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
fats
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Inflammation
34. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
resistance
Fast Na channels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
35. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
pulmonary circulation
Lipoproteins
Peripheral resistance
36. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
systemic circulation
arteries
Blood plasma
37. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
Coronary arteries
eosinophil
bone marrow
38. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
Blood plasma
coronary sinus
ventricles
39. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
tricuspid valve
Right atrium
Coronary veins
neutrophil
40. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
bone marrow
fibrin
Spleen and liver
41. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Na leak channels
nutrients
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Sympathetic regulation of heart
42. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Frank - Starling Effect
veins
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Internodal tract
43. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
ABO blood group
SA node
hemostasis
Glucose
44. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Hemoglobin
Relaxed
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Sympathetic regulation of heart
45. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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46. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
heart rate
Erythropoetin
Platelet fxn
arteries
47. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Systole
Fxn of circulatory system
48. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Inflammation
bicuspid (mitral) valve
adrenergic tone
varicose veins
49. 2 ways to increase venous return
Right atrium
tricuspid valve
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
50. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Functional syncytium
nutrients
Portal systems
resistance