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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
B cells and T cells
pulse pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
2. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
veins
adipocytes
Rh blood group
atria and ventricles
3. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
B cells and T cells
megakaryocytes
Portal systems
Coronary arteries
4. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
chylomicrons
Portal systems
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Systole
5. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
urea
Frank - Starling Effect
Erythropoetin
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
6. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
bicuspid (mitral) valve
ABO blood group
hypoxia
Inflammation
7. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
atria and ventricles
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Erythrocytes
Systole
8. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Glucose
Cardiac muscle cells
bicuspid (mitral) valve
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
9. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
Ischemia
nutrients
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
10. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
fibrinogen
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
ventricles
neutrophil
11. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
hemostasis
Ohm's law
Thrombus
12. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
Relaxed
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
nutrients
13. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
hemostasis
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
14. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
cardiac output (L/min)
pulse pressure
15. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Ohm's law
Diastole is longer
eosinophil
SA node
16. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
venous return
nutrients
Repolarization of nodes
urea
17. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
Platelet fxn
tricuspid valve
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
18. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Temperature or metabolic rate
Diastole
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
19. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
nutrients
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Portal systems
20. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
systemic circulation
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Diastole is longer
Baroreceptors
21. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
Coronary arteries
macrophage
Glucose
22. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
chylomicrons
bilirubin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
amino acids and glucose
23. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
2 components of antigens
systemic circulation
veins
24. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atrioventricular valves
heart
2 components of antigens
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
25. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Thrombus
hemophilia
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
chylomicrons
26. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
urea
fibrinogen
Repolarization of nodes
27. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
capillaries
atria
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
ventricles
28. Flow of blood through a tissue
Granulocytes
Valves of the venous system
WBC
Perfusion
29. Fat storage cells of the body
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
adipocytes
Right atrium
Tense
30. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
venous blood pressure
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
AV node
31. Where are RBCs broken down?
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Spleen and liver
Blood plasma
neutrophil
32. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
T- tubules
Coronary veins
ventricles
megakaryocytes
33. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Relaxed
fibrin
adrenergic tone
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
34. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
T- tubules
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
35. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
Baroreceptors
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Lipoproteins
36. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
B cells and T cells
fats
valves
ABO blood group
37. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
Hemoglobin
pulmonary circulation
Perfusion
38. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
macrophage
Diastole is longer
stroke volume
Erythrocytes
39. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
Rh blood group
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Functional syncytium
40. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
Diastole is longer
heart rate
Right atrium
41. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Lipoproteins
Ohm's law
Perfusion
42. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
B cells and T cells
T- tubules
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Valves of the venous system
43. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
tricuspid valve
Coronary veins
Hepatic portal vein
veins
44. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
diastolic blood pressure
Ischemia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
eosinophil
45. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
venous blood pressure
systolic blood pressure
SA node
46. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
adrenergic tone
serum
atria
valves
47. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
bone marrow
ABO blood group
Portal systems
48. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
tricuspid valve
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
ventricles
Platelet fxn
49. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Waste
Slow Ca channels
nutrients
50. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
bicuspid (mitral) valve
fats