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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Granulocytes
atria
2. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
hemostasis
Slow Ca channels
3. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
basophil
venous return
Thrombus
cardiac output (L/min)
4. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
serum
oncotic pressure
pulmonary circulation
basophil
5. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
atria
2 components of antigens
Relaxed
SA node
6. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
adrenergic tone
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hypoxia
oncotic pressure
7. Flow of blood through a tissue
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
AV node
Perfusion
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
8. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
varicose veins
WBC
ABO blood group
9. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Tense
Platelet fxn
Spleen and liver
systemic circulation
10. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
SA node
Hemoglobin
Baroreceptors
11. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
varicose veins
Platelet fxn
Rh blood group
Peripheral resistance
12. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
pulmonary circulation
Temperature or metabolic rate
B cells and T cells
13. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
heart
nutrients
Inflammation
14. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Platelet fxn
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
local autoregulation
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
15. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Internodal tract
Rh blood group
systemic arterial blood pressure
nutrients
16. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Cardiac muscle cells
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Fxn of circulatory system
amino acids and glucose
17. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
valves
Frank - Starling Effect
Temperature or metabolic rate
18. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Thrombus
tricuspid valve
veins
19. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
WBC
fats
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
heart
20. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
oncotic pressure
Diastole is longer
Lipoproteins
Perfusion
21. When do semilunar valves close?
macrophage
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Right atrium
22. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Erythropoetin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
23. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Spleen and liver
bicuspid (mitral) valve
megakaryocytes
Ca channels
24. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Coronary arteries
Glucose
atria
Temperature or metabolic rate
25. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
diastolic blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
26. 2 chambers of the heart
stroke volume
urea
atria and ventricles
Vagal Signal
27. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Temperature or metabolic rate
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
bone marrow
hemophilia
28. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
Blood plasma
Right atrium
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
29. 2 portal systems to know
Granulocytes
Slow Ca channels
coronary sinus
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
30. 2 ways to increase venous return
Systole
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Platelet fxn
31. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
Ca channels
32. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Erythrocytes
fibrin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Coronary arteries
33. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
megakaryocytes
amino acids and glucose
Sympathetic regulation of heart
34. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
coronary sinus
Granulocytes
Internodal tract
35. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
hemostasis
serum
2 components of antigens
Hemoglobin
36. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
veins
Lipoproteins
cardiac output (L/min)
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
37. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
2 components of antigens
bilirubin
Waste
chylomicrons
38. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Glucose
coronary sinus
Diastole
varicose veins
39. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
atria and ventricles
Vagal Signal
eosinophil
ABO blood group
40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
bilirubin
venous blood pressure
Ca channels
bicuspid (mitral) valve
41. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
bicuspid (mitral) valve
arteries
Portal systems
B cells and T cells
42. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
WBC
Ohm's law
tricuspid valve
Portal systems
43. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Repolarization of nodes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
valves
adrenergic tone
44. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
diastolic blood pressure
high osmolarity of tissues
oncotic pressure
45. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Valves of the venous system
hypoxia
Granulocytes
ABO blood group
46. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Coronary veins
urea
atria
47. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
hypoxia
venous return
systolic blood pressure
high osmolarity of tissues
48. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Perfusion
Ca channels
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
macrophage
49. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Spleen and liver
Cardiac muscle cells
heart rate
Valves of the venous system
50. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
systolic blood pressure
Rh blood group
Capillaries
Erythropoetin