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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






2. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






3. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






4. 2 ways to increase venous return






5. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






6. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






7. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






8. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






9. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






10. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






11. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






12. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






13. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






14. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






15. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






16. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






17. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






18. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






19. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






20. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






21. Flow of blood through a tissue






22. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






23. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






24. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






25. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






26. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






27. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






28. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






29. 2 portal systems to know






30. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






31. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






32. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






33. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






34. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






35. Number of systole contractions per unit time






36. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






37. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






38. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






39. 2 lymphocytes






40. When do semilunar valves close?






41. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






42. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






43. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






44. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






45. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






46. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






47. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






48. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






49. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






50. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles