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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 chambers of the heart
Erythrocytes
Ohm's law
atria and ventricles
bilirubin
2. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
heart rate
local autoregulation
high osmolarity of tissues
oncotic pressure
3. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Tense
basophil
4. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
Systole
Perfusion
amino acids and glucose
5. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
ventricles
systolic blood pressure
heart
Temperature or metabolic rate
6. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Fast Na channels
Diastole is longer
2 components of antigens
Glucose
7. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Glucose
ABO blood group
8. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
basophil
Sympathetic regulation of heart
amino acids and glucose
9. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
valves
pulse pressure
Relaxed
10. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
amino acids and glucose
adipocytes
venous return
11. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Portal systems
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
fibrin
capillaries
12. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
neutrophil
Peripheral resistance
veins
fibrin
13. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Functional syncytium
Tense
14. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
capillaries
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
fibrin
Sympathetic regulation of heart
15. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
megakaryocytes
Spleen and liver
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Fxn of circulatory system
16. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
arteries
veins
Diastole
Fast Na channels
17. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Repolarization of nodes
Granulocytes
SA node
bone marrow
18. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hemoglobin
Platelet fxn
Fast Na channels
Thrombus
19. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
tricuspid valve
WBC
Temperature or metabolic rate
Right atrium
20. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
coronary sinus
systemic arterial blood pressure
Valves of the venous system
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
21. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Baroreceptors
Vagal Signal
oncotic pressure
SA node
22. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
local autoregulation
Na leak channels
albumin
23. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
chylomicrons
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
T- tubules
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
24. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
fibrin
atrioventricular valves
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
hypoxia
25. What is the direct cause of edema?
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
coronary sinus
veins
26. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Rh blood group
Na leak channels
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
27. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
nutrients
fibrinogen
urea
28. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
Right atrium
B cells and T cells
Portal systems
29. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
serum
chylomicrons
Cardiac muscle cells
Glucose
30. Universal acceptor
Inflammation
Ca channels
Erythrocytes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
31. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
fibrinogen
atrioventricular valves
venous blood pressure
ABO blood group
32. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
atria
T- tubules
bicuspid (mitral) valve
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
33. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
nutrients
Portal systems
high osmolarity of tissues
basophil
34. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
venous blood pressure
SA node
amino acids and glucose
35. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
ventricles
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Vagal Signal
Ca channels
36. When do semilunar valves close?
Sickle cell anemia
heart
hemophilia
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
37. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Sickle cell anemia
Internodal tract
Sympathetic regulation of heart
coronary sinus
38. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Diastole is longer
Valves of the venous system
Systole
serum
39. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
urea
Blood plasma
serum
systemic arterial blood pressure
40. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
venous return
megakaryocytes
Systole
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
41. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
stroke volume
neutrophil
serum
atria
42. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Hepatic portal vein
ABO blood group
valves
43. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Frank - Starling Effect
Fast Na channels
Temperature or metabolic rate
44. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
atria
veins
fats
Hepatic portal vein
45. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
local autoregulation
Slow Ca channels
neutrophil
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
cardiac output (L/min)
Temperature or metabolic rate
macrophage
Inflammation
47. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
adipocytes
Hepatic portal vein
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Erythropoetin
48. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
fibrinogen
systemic circulation
ABO blood group
Fast Na channels
49. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Sympathetic regulation of heart
50. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Sympathetic regulation of heart
basophil