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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Sickle cell anemia
Baroreceptors
Coronary arteries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
2. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemophilia
Temperature or metabolic rate
Spleen and liver
bone marrow
3. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Capillaries
Sickle cell anemia
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
4. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
cardiac output (L/min)
eosinophil
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
5. When do Rh antibodies develop?
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
neutrophil
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
adipocytes
6. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Ohm's law
neutrophil
serum
7. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Ca channels
Lipoproteins
macrophage
hemophilia
8. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
atrioventricular valves
pulmonary circulation
Coronary veins
9. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Relaxed
Cardiac muscle cells
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
10. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Right atrium
AV node
fibrin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
11. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Peripheral resistance
Coronary veins
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
12. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Portal systems
Diastole
Slow Ca channels
13. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
Erythropoetin
chylomicrons
B cells and T cells
14. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
systemic circulation
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Erythropoetin
15. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
venous blood pressure
Slow Ca channels
diastolic blood pressure
16. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
urea
valves
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Hemoglobin
17. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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18. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
ABO blood group
megakaryocytes
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
19. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
hemophilia
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Repolarization of nodes
hypoxia
20. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
Sickle cell anemia
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
fibrinogen
21. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
2 components of antigens
Waste
Sympathetic regulation of heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
22. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
varicose veins
arteries
urea
23. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
venous return
heart rate
neutrophil
24. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
bicuspid (mitral) valve
amino acids and glucose
serum
25. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
atria
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
ventricles
basophil
26. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
fibrinogen
local autoregulation
Fxn of circulatory system
27. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Erythropoetin
Fast Na channels
albumin
cardiac output (L/min)
28. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
pulse pressure
Platelet fxn
coronary sinus
Intercalated discs
29. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Perfusion
varicose veins
stroke volume
Glucose
30. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
2 components of antigens
serum
Relaxed
Valves of the venous system
31. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Temperature or metabolic rate
tricuspid valve
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
32. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Portal systems
urea
amino acids and glucose
resistance
33. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
T- tubules
Ischemia
tricuspid valve
Fxn of circulatory system
34. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Internodal tract
hemostasis
Glucose
Inflammation
35. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
fibrinogen
atrioventricular valves
Slow Ca channels
36. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
AV node
heart rate
systemic arterial blood pressure
systolic blood pressure
37. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
systemic circulation
Vagal Signal
Na leak channels
38. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Inflammation
SA node
Cardiac muscle cells
39. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
bicuspid (mitral) valve
40. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Granulocytes
Lipoproteins
serum
Bundle of His
41. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
local autoregulation
chylomicrons
amino acids and glucose
42. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
WBC
Hemoglobin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
43. 2 ways to increase venous return
Inflammation
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
ventricles
44. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Waste
T- tubules
heart
bone marrow
45. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Tense
atria
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Thrombus
46. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Cardiac muscle cells
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
veins
bilirubin
47. When do semilunar valves close?
systemic arterial blood pressure
B cells and T cells
systolic blood pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
48. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
valves
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
chylomicrons
49. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Systole
coronary sinus
fibrin
Blood plasma
50. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
diastolic blood pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.