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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Thrombus
atria
diastolic blood pressure
Peripheral resistance
2. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
systemic circulation
eosinophil
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
3. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
neutrophil
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Lipoproteins
4. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Sympathetic regulation of heart
arteries
serum
Waste
5. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
pulmonary circulation
2 components of antigens
Intercalated discs
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
6. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
eosinophil
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
coronary sinus
pulse pressure
7. 2 chambers of the heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
atria and ventricles
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Na leak channels
8. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
heart
Platelet fxn
oncotic pressure
9. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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10. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
Slow Ca channels
Capillaries
diastolic blood pressure
11. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Diastole is longer
Platelet fxn
SA node
hypoxia
12. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
Na leak channels
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
neutrophil
13. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Glucose
Hepatic portal vein
Ca channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
14. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
local autoregulation
Waste
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
15. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
amino acids and glucose
arteries
16. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
oncotic pressure
Right atrium
17. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Intercalated discs
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
stroke volume
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
18. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Tense
basophil
Glucose
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
19. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Repolarization of nodes
hypoxia
heart
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
20. Fat storage cells of the body
Blood plasma
capillaries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
adipocytes
21. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Tense
Ohm's law
Capillaries
T- tubules
22. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Sickle cell anemia
resistance
23. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
varicose veins
hemostasis
atria
Tense
24. Where are RBCs broken down?
stroke volume
local autoregulation
Bundle of His
Spleen and liver
25. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Waste
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Ischemia
26. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemophilia
Thrombus
Portal systems
serum
27. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Glucose
Internodal tract
capillaries
28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
bicuspid (mitral) valve
venous blood pressure
coronary sinus
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
29. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Slow Ca channels
Thrombus
Erythrocytes
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
30. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
tricuspid valve
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Bundle of His
31. 2 ways to increase venous return
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
nutrients
Tense
32. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
amino acids and glucose
Relaxed
Hemoglobin
33. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Bundle of His
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
fibrinogen
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
34. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
fats
high osmolarity of tissues
Ohm's law
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
35. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
local autoregulation
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Valves of the venous system
Erythrocytes
36. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
oncotic pressure
ventricles
Portal systems
37. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
adipocytes
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Granulocytes
megakaryocytes
38. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Relaxed
Diastole
Lipoproteins
Coronary veins
39. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Erythrocytes
varicose veins
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
fibrin
40. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Right atrium
amino acids and glucose
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
41. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
coronary sinus
bone marrow
ventricles
bicuspid (mitral) valve
42. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Perfusion
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Frank - Starling Effect
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
43. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
adrenergic tone
adipocytes
Repolarization of nodes
44. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
varicose veins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Hepatic portal vein
Systole
45. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Repolarization of nodes
bone marrow
Thrombus
46. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
urea
Vagal Signal
Diastole is longer
Right atrium
47. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
WBC
oncotic pressure
fibrinogen
heart rate
48. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
Waste
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
ABO blood group
49. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Hemoglobin
systemic arterial blood pressure
amino acids and glucose
50. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Capillaries
Fast Na channels
bilirubin
venous blood pressure