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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






2. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






3. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






4. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






5. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






6. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






7. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






8. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






9. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






10. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






11. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






12. Flow of blood through a tissue






13. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






14. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






15. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






16. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






17. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






18. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






19. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






20. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






21. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






22. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






23. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






24. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






25. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






26. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






27. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






28. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






29. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






30. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






31. Universal donor






32. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






33. When do semilunar valves close?






34. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






35. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






36. 2 portal systems to know






37. 2 chambers of the heart






38. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






39. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






40. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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41. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






42. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






43. What is the direct cause of edema?






44. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






45. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






46. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






47. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






48. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






49. Fat storage cells of the body






50. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.