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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Granulocytes
Sympathetic regulation of heart
stroke volume
cardiac output (L/min)
2. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
pulse pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Diastole
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
3. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
ventricles
Capillaries
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
4. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
varicose veins
Tense
Fxn of circulatory system
5. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Lipoproteins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
systemic arterial blood pressure
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
6. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
chylomicrons
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Tense
fibrin
7. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Na leak channels
bilirubin
Platelet fxn
venous return
8. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
coronary sinus
adrenergic tone
Fxn of circulatory system
hemophilia
9. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Granulocytes
Coronary veins
Baroreceptors
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
10. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Fast Na channels
heart rate
atria
Waste
11. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Frank - Starling Effect
2 components of antigens
arteries
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
12. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Repolarization of nodes
AV node
Tense
Right atrium
13. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
valves
Sympathetic regulation of heart
stroke volume
14. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
Fast Na channels
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
systemic circulation
15. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
adipocytes
tricuspid valve
Fxn of circulatory system
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
16. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart
Coronary veins
17. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
hemophilia
2 components of antigens
Systole
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
18. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Internodal tract
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Portal systems
Platelet fxn
19. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
urea
T- tubules
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
20. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
systemic arterial blood pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
bone marrow
Sympathetic regulation of heart
21. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Fast Na channels
heart
venous return
bone marrow
22. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
Frank - Starling Effect
coronary sinus
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
23. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Capillaries
2 components of antigens
Internodal tract
24. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
2 components of antigens
Hepatic portal vein
stroke volume
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
25. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
varicose veins
veins
T- tubules
26. 2 portal systems to know
atria
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Na leak channels
pulmonary circulation
27. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Frank - Starling Effect
Granulocytes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
B cells and T cells
28. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Peripheral resistance
Diastole
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
29. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
SA node
Erythropoetin
Valves of the venous system
Thrombus
30. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
capillaries
hemophilia
Ca channels
Ohm's law
31. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
ABO blood group
Glucose
Granulocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
32. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
urea
Blood plasma
fats
33. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
nutrients
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Coronary veins
34. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Na leak channels
Spleen and liver
35. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
tricuspid valve
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Hepatic portal vein
36. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Sympathetic regulation of heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
SA node
37. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
local autoregulation
tricuspid valve
coronary sinus
chylomicrons
38. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hemostasis
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
39. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
adrenergic tone
Rh blood group
fibrin
atrioventricular valves
40. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
Ischemia
Erythropoetin
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
41. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Functional syncytium
venous return
Waste
42. Fat storage cells of the body
nutrients
adipocytes
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
fibrinogen
43. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Glucose
Rh blood group
hypoxia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
44. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
varicose veins
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
urea
adrenergic tone
45. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
T- tubules
oncotic pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
hypoxia
46. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
atria
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
fibrin
Tense
47. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
systolic blood pressure
Relaxed
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Erythrocytes
48. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
heart
high osmolarity of tissues
pulmonary circulation
49. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Thrombus
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
veins
urea
50. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
venous blood pressure
Vagal Signal
systemic arterial blood pressure
bicuspid (mitral) valve