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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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2. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Frank - Starling Effect
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Ca channels
hypoxia
3. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Slow Ca channels
Baroreceptors
stroke volume
ABO blood group
4. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
tricuspid valve
Fast Na channels
Na leak channels
eosinophil
5. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
albumin
bicuspid (mitral) valve
AV node
6. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Diastole is longer
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Valves of the venous system
7. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
atria
Ohm's law
amino acids and glucose
8. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Na leak channels
Glucose
amino acids and glucose
9. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Hepatic portal vein
Slow Ca channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
10. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Hemoglobin
systemic arterial blood pressure
Coronary veins
Glucose
11. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
resistance
Lipoproteins
12. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Coronary arteries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
tricuspid valve
basophil
13. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
fibrinogen
Thrombus
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
14. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Erythrocytes
serum
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
15. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Diastole
Blood plasma
fibrinogen
varicose veins
16. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Coronary arteries
stroke volume
pulse pressure
neutrophil
17. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
T- tubules
Temperature or metabolic rate
nutrients
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
18. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
bone marrow
Thrombus
bilirubin
19. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
eosinophil
fibrin
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
20. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Lipoproteins
Internodal tract
pulmonary circulation
21. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Peripheral resistance
Fxn of circulatory system
Vagal Signal
atria
22. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
local autoregulation
venous blood pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
23. Number of systole contractions per unit time
tricuspid valve
atria
systemic circulation
heart rate
24. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
adrenergic tone
Portal systems
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
25. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
atrioventricular valves
hypoxia
pulse pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
26. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
oncotic pressure
varicose veins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
27. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
megakaryocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Diastole
Relaxed
28. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
valves
albumin
29. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
urea
nutrients
Blood plasma
ABO blood group
30. When do semilunar valves close?
Repolarization of nodes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
neutrophil
Temperature or metabolic rate
31. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
ventricles
Na leak channels
atria and ventricles
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
32. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Inflammation
Erythropoetin
eosinophil
33. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
bone marrow
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Temperature or metabolic rate
Internodal tract
34. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
atria
veins
chylomicrons
35. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
hemostasis
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
varicose veins
pulmonary circulation
36. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
atria
adipocytes
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
37. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
atria
T- tubules
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
38. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
B cells and T cells
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
coronary sinus
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
39. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
basophil
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
hemophilia
Sympathetic regulation of heart
40. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
Spleen and liver
urea
venous blood pressure
41. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
bicuspid (mitral) valve
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
hemophilia
42. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Sympathetic regulation of heart
coronary sinus
Ohm's law
WBC
43. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
stroke volume
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Systole
capillaries
44. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hemophilia
hemostasis
Thrombus
45. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atrioventricular valves
venous blood pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
46. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
eosinophil
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
fibrinogen
Glucose
47. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
venous return
Baroreceptors
Systole
amino acids and glucose
48. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Bundle of His
T- tubules
cardiac output (L/min)
Lipoproteins
49. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
atria
Spleen and liver
macrophage
50. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Erythropoetin
Sickle cell anemia
local autoregulation
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction