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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






2. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






3. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






4. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






5. Where are RBCs broken down?






6. Universal acceptor






7. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






8. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






9. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






10. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






11. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






12. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






13. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






14. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






15. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






16. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






17. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






18. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






19. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






20. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






21. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






22. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






23. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






24. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






25. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






26. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






27. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






28. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






29. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






30. 2 ways to increase venous return






31. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






32. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






33. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






34. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






35. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






36. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






37. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






38. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






39. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






40. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






41. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






42. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






43. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






44. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






45. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






46. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






47. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






48. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






49. Universal donor






50. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding