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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






2. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






3. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






4. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






5. 2 lymphocytes






6. 2 chambers of the heart






7. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






8. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






9. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






10. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






11. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






12. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






13. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






14. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






15. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






16. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






17. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






18. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






19. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






20. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






21. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






22. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






23. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






24. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






25. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






26. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






27. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






28. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






29. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






30. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






31. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






32. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






33. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






34. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






35. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






36. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






37. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






38. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






39. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






40. Universal donor






41. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






42. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






43. Universal acceptor






44. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






45. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






46. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






47. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






48. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






49. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






50. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels