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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






2. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






3. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






4. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






5. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






6. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






7. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






8. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






9. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






10. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






11. Universal acceptor






12. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






13. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






14. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






15. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






16. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






17. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






18. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






19. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






20. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






21. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






22. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






23. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






24. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






25. Where are RBCs broken down?






26. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






27. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






28. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






29. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






30. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






31. Number of systole contractions per unit time






32. When do semilunar valves close?






33. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






34. 2 portal systems to know






35. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






36. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






37. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






38. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






39. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






40. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






41. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






42. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






43. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






44. What is the direct cause of edema?






45. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






46. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






47. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






48. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






49. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






50. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns