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MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Portal systems
AV node
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
ABO blood group
2. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Portal systems
Hemoglobin
bilirubin
3. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Baroreceptors
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Intercalated discs
4. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Fast Na channels
veins
5. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
AV node
Systole
T- tubules
hemophilia
6. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
neutrophil
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hemophilia
7. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Sickle cell anemia
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
nutrients
resistance
8. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Relaxed
heart rate
Blood plasma
Na leak channels
9. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Rh blood group
hypoxia
Relaxed
albumin
10. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
varicose veins
pulmonary circulation
ventricles
high osmolarity of tissues
11. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
cardiac output (L/min)
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
basophil
atria
12. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
Ischemia
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
systemic circulation
13. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
venous return
fats
14. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
adipocytes
Inflammation
hemostasis
Fxn of circulatory system
15. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
T- tubules
macrophage
Temperature or metabolic rate
16. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulmonary circulation
Blood plasma
17. 2 portal systems to know
albumin
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
AV node
18. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Glucose
bilirubin
19. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
hypoxia
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
20. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Erythrocytes
Diastole is longer
neutrophil
Frank - Starling Effect
21. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
2 components of antigens
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Waste
Coronary veins
22. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Baroreceptors
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
23. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Erythropoetin
neutrophil
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Relaxed
24. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Ischemia
Right atrium
adipocytes
25. 2 lymphocytes
capillaries
nutrients
fats
B cells and T cells
26. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
atrioventricular valves
Internodal tract
eosinophil
27. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
serum
Hemoglobin
neutrophil
Relaxed
28. What is the direct cause of edema?
B cells and T cells
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
29. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Frank - Starling Effect
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
B cells and T cells
30. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
arteries
adrenergic tone
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
31. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Frank - Starling Effect
ABO blood group
veins
macrophage
32. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Coronary arteries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Bundle of His
33. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
Ohm's law
basophil
atria
34. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
amino acids and glucose
Platelet fxn
urea
35. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Intercalated discs
T- tubules
Peripheral resistance
Relaxed
36. Fat storage cells of the body
ABO blood group
adipocytes
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
37. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Vagal Signal
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
ABO blood group
bilirubin
38. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
heart rate
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
hemophilia
capillaries
39. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
systolic blood pressure
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Systole
venous blood pressure
40. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
resistance
macrophage
high osmolarity of tissues
systemic arterial blood pressure
41. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
arteries
Baroreceptors
adrenergic tone
42. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Granulocytes
high osmolarity of tissues
hemostasis
Sympathetic regulation of heart
43. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Coronary veins
Perfusion
chylomicrons
44. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Hemoglobin
pulse pressure
hemostasis
Internodal tract
45. Number of systole contractions per unit time
macrophage
Spleen and liver
fibrinogen
heart rate
46. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
albumin
Vagal Signal
Valves of the venous system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
47. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
macrophage
cardiac output (L/min)
SA node
T- tubules
48. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Internodal tract
systemic circulation
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
49. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
eosinophil
Portal systems
T- tubules
50. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Internodal tract
Functional syncytium
Spleen and liver
megakaryocytes
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