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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
local autoregulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Lipoproteins
Frank - Starling Effect
2. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
systemic circulation
megakaryocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
3. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
ventricles
Na leak channels
atrioventricular valves
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
4. 2 lymphocytes
Waste
Tense
Inflammation
B cells and T cells
5. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Sickle cell anemia
eosinophil
Erythropoetin
Portal systems
6. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
venous return
resistance
fibrinogen
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
7. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
varicose veins
tricuspid valve
Sickle cell anemia
pulmonary circulation
8. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
varicose veins
Slow Ca channels
WBC
9. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Ischemia
Right atrium
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Waste
10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
atria and ventricles
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
hemophilia
11. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hypoxia
hemophilia
atria and ventricles
Spleen and liver
12. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Slow Ca channels
WBC
Hemoglobin
Inflammation
13. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
stroke volume
Platelet fxn
oncotic pressure
14. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
venous return
atria
systolic blood pressure
bilirubin
15. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Granulocytes
macrophage
urea
Baroreceptors
16. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
oncotic pressure
neutrophil
Portal systems
Diastole
17. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Sympathetic regulation of heart
bilirubin
Sickle cell anemia
18. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
atria and ventricles
pulmonary circulation
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
amino acids and glucose
19. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
atria and ventricles
Peripheral resistance
Glucose
20. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Diastole
Granulocytes
neutrophil
Intercalated discs
21. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Blood plasma
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
serum
adipocytes
22. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
adipocytes
hemostasis
Tense
23. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
Rh blood group
bone marrow
fibrin
24. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Erythropoetin
high osmolarity of tissues
Platelet fxn
25. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Hemoglobin
Coronary veins
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
26. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
27. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
amino acids and glucose
Capillaries
venous return
serum
28. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
hemostasis
Functional syncytium
veins
Coronary arteries
29. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
neutrophil
Capillaries
venous return
Blood plasma
30. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Systole
fats
bilirubin
2 components of antigens
31. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
adipocytes
veins
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
32. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Sympathetic regulation of heart
megakaryocytes
33. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Diastole
34. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
varicose veins
local autoregulation
Granulocytes
Fast Na channels
35. 2 ways to increase venous return
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
arteries
urea
36. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Diastole
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Diastole is longer
37. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Na leak channels
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
systolic blood pressure
coronary sinus
38. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
oncotic pressure
high osmolarity of tissues
Sickle cell anemia
39. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Blood plasma
urea
amino acids and glucose
arteries
40. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Capillaries
Vagal Signal
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
hemophilia
41. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
local autoregulation
Ischemia
42. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
Perfusion
albumin
Temperature or metabolic rate
43. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hemostasis
systolic blood pressure
Blood plasma
hypoxia
44. Flow of blood through a tissue
valves
Perfusion
Lipoproteins
adipocytes
45. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
high osmolarity of tissues
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Valves of the venous system
Inflammation
46. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Perfusion
Coronary veins
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Platelet fxn
47. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Rh blood group
resistance
Capillaries
pulse pressure
48. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
pulmonary circulation
diastolic blood pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Hepatic portal vein
49. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Hepatic portal vein
neutrophil
local autoregulation
bone marrow
50. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
venous return
T- tubules
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Erythrocytes