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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
fibrin
amino acids and glucose
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
2. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
local autoregulation
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Waste
3. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
Coronary veins
Baroreceptors
serum
4. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Bundle of His
Cardiac muscle cells
pulmonary circulation
5. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
oncotic pressure
systemic circulation
Temperature or metabolic rate
6. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Diastole
fibrinogen
adrenergic tone
7. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Internodal tract
systemic circulation
atria and ventricles
Na leak channels
8. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
bicuspid (mitral) valve
valves
Inflammation
9. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
nutrients
Temperature or metabolic rate
diastolic blood pressure
10. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
megakaryocytes
Cardiac muscle cells
Systole
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Blood plasma
varicose veins
adipocytes
12. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
capillaries
nutrients
adrenergic tone
Ischemia
13. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Coronary veins
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
chylomicrons
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
14. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
atria and ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
venous blood pressure
AV node
15. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
WBC
Hepatic portal vein
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Thrombus
16. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
B cells and T cells
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Systole
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
17. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
fibrinogen
Valves of the venous system
Sickle cell anemia
Hemoglobin
18. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
valves
Ischemia
capillaries
Sickle cell anemia
19. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Right atrium
heart rate
Intercalated discs
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
20. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
hemostasis
pulse pressure
resistance
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
21. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
Blood plasma
Frank - Starling Effect
Erythrocytes
22. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
hemophilia
Fast Na channels
Capillaries
Hemoglobin
23. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
WBC
Platelet fxn
oncotic pressure
24. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Fxn of circulatory system
Slow Ca channels
Frank - Starling Effect
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
25. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Systole
local autoregulation
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
26. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Erythrocytes
Granulocytes
Right atrium
venous return
27. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
oncotic pressure
28. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
urea
Erythrocytes
stroke volume
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
29. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Systole
Portal systems
Internodal tract
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
30. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
diastolic blood pressure
T- tubules
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
basophil
31. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Intercalated discs
Ohm's law
eosinophil
coronary sinus
32. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
AV node
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Repolarization of nodes
33. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Waste
eosinophil
Portal systems
Sympathetic regulation of heart
34. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
pulse pressure
albumin
Cardiac muscle cells
35. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
chylomicrons
systemic arterial blood pressure
36. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
ABO blood group
venous return
Fast Na channels
high osmolarity of tissues
37. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Fast Na channels
eosinophil
atrioventricular valves
Relaxed
38. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Tense
Spleen and liver
chylomicrons
39. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
hemophilia
Fast Na channels
Bundle of His
40. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
Fast Na channels
Ca channels
arteries
41. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
local autoregulation
nutrients
urea
Rh blood group
42. What is the direct cause of edema?
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Coronary arteries
Hemoglobin
43. Flow of blood through a tissue
Fast Na channels
Perfusion
Inflammation
Coronary arteries
44. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Cardiac muscle cells
B cells and T cells
Glucose
Blood plasma
45. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
bone marrow
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
amino acids and glucose
hemophilia
46. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
ABO blood group
Erythrocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
47. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
atrioventricular valves
Diastole is longer
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
hemophilia
48. Universal donor
Spleen and liver
basophil
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
49. Where are RBCs broken down?
hemophilia
Functional syncytium
pulse pressure
Spleen and liver
50. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
hypoxia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Coronary veins