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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Flow of blood through a tissue
Rh blood group
bone marrow
oncotic pressure
Perfusion
2. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
Repolarization of nodes
arteries
Inflammation
3. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
varicose veins
Erythropoetin
Fast Na channels
4. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
atria
Valves of the venous system
SA node
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
5. Universal donor
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Platelet fxn
T- tubules
6. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
hemophilia
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
veins
SA node
7. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Blood plasma
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Fast Na channels
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
8. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
pulse pressure
systemic circulation
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
9. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Tense
arteries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
megakaryocytes
10. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Vagal Signal
serum
hypoxia
Lipoproteins
11. When do semilunar valves close?
varicose veins
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
atrioventricular valves
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
12. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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13. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Inflammation
Coronary veins
Systole
Glucose
14. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
Thrombus
atrioventricular valves
Granulocytes
15. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Sickle cell anemia
Fast Na channels
16. What is the direct cause of edema?
macrophage
Capillaries
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
stroke volume
17. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
oncotic pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Ohm's law
Slow Ca channels
18. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Portal systems
hemophilia
neutrophil
Fast Na channels
19. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
bilirubin
hypoxia
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
20. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
bicuspid (mitral) valve
cardiac output (L/min)
Hepatic portal vein
Granulocytes
21. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Blood plasma
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Perfusion
22. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
coronary sinus
Functional syncytium
bilirubin
23. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
fibrinogen
Waste
Erythrocytes
24. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
resistance
Coronary veins
Portal systems
fibrin
25. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
adipocytes
Ischemia
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
26. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
serum
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
systemic circulation
27. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
hemophilia
Platelet fxn
atrioventricular valves
Sickle cell anemia
28. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
neutrophil
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Peripheral resistance
valves
29. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Sickle cell anemia
Frank - Starling Effect
systemic arterial blood pressure
pulmonary circulation
30. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
macrophage
Cardiac muscle cells
high osmolarity of tissues
31. Where are RBCs broken down?
2 components of antigens
basophil
Capillaries
Spleen and liver
32. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Na leak channels
Fast Na channels
hemophilia
Lipoproteins
33. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemophilia
nutrients
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Ohm's law
34. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
adrenergic tone
Systole
35. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Rh blood group
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Na leak channels
Temperature or metabolic rate
36. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
varicose veins
37. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
bilirubin
varicose veins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
38. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Perfusion
basophil
Ca channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
39. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
veins
ventricles
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
systemic circulation
40. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
nutrients
megakaryocytes
albumin
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
41. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
arteries
Systole
Relaxed
Platelet fxn
42. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
amino acids and glucose
2 components of antigens
basophil
systolic blood pressure
43. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Baroreceptors
adipocytes
capillaries
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
44. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
cardiac output (L/min)
Na leak channels
urea
45. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Ca channels
heart rate
Peripheral resistance
Internodal tract
46. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Valves of the venous system
varicose veins
megakaryocytes
Rh blood group
47. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Fast Na channels
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
fats
veins
48. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
ventricles
Thrombus
Ca channels
49. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
heart
Erythropoetin
Sickle cell anemia
50. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
macrophage
Cardiac muscle cells
Platelet fxn