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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






2. Purpose of erythrocytes?






3. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






4. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






5. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






6. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






7. 2 chambers of the heart






8. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






9. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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10. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






11. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






12. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






13. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






14. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






15. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






16. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






17. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






18. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






19. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






20. Fat storage cells of the body






21. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






22. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






23. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






24. Where are RBCs broken down?






25. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






26. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






27. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






28. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






29. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






30. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






31. 2 ways to increase venous return






32. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






33. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






34. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






35. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






36. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






37. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






38. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






39. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






40. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






41. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






42. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






43. 2 lymphocytes






44. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






45. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






46. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






47. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






48. Flow of blood through a tissue






49. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






50. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group