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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Tense
Ischemia
macrophage
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
2. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
Thrombus
bone marrow
T- tubules
3. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
bone marrow
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Perfusion
systemic circulation
4. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Baroreceptors
Intercalated discs
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Diastole is longer
5. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Right atrium
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Ohm's law
tricuspid valve
6. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Lipoproteins
venous blood pressure
7. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
bilirubin
atrioventricular valves
Hepatic portal vein
SA node
8. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Internodal tract
Blood plasma
9. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
hemophilia
Erythropoetin
Lipoproteins
Vagal Signal
10. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
Fxn of circulatory system
Temperature or metabolic rate
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
11. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Vagal Signal
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
12. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
amino acids and glucose
ventricles
Cardiac muscle cells
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
13. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Granulocytes
cardiac output (L/min)
basophil
14. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Ischemia
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Perfusion
Capillaries
15. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
fibrinogen
Platelet fxn
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
16. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
albumin
ventricles
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
WBC
17. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
atria and ventricles
Vagal Signal
Inflammation
Waste
18. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Waste
hypoxia
heart rate
serum
19. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Repolarization of nodes
diastolic blood pressure
Coronary arteries
varicose veins
20. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Na leak channels
Systole
Repolarization of nodes
fats
21. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
resistance
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
bicuspid (mitral) valve
22. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
systemic arterial blood pressure
Intercalated discs
Peripheral resistance
23. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
eosinophil
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
24. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Ohm's law
Perfusion
Right atrium
valves
25. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Relaxed
Erythrocytes
Baroreceptors
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
26. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Right atrium
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Tense
hypoxia
27. Universal donor
basophil
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
B cells and T cells
Slow Ca channels
28. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
hemophilia
venous blood pressure
Hepatic portal vein
capillaries
29. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Rh blood group
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
coronary sinus
30. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
atria
Fast Na channels
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
31. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Blood plasma
chylomicrons
Capillaries
tricuspid valve
32. What is the direct cause of edema?
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
bilirubin
33. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
hemostasis
Na leak channels
Perfusion
34. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
high osmolarity of tissues
valves
atria
systemic arterial blood pressure
35. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
AV node
Thrombus
varicose veins
bone marrow
36. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
pulmonary circulation
serum
37. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
B cells and T cells
oncotic pressure
valves
38. Number of systole contractions per unit time
WBC
heart rate
cardiac output (L/min)
Repolarization of nodes
39. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
arteries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Peripheral resistance
Fast Na channels
40. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
Systole
Ohm's law
fibrin
41. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
hemostasis
T- tubules
systemic circulation
fibrinogen
42. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
amino acids and glucose
Coronary veins
Internodal tract
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
43. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Glucose
2 components of antigens
Capillaries
nutrients
44. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
hemophilia
megakaryocytes
ventricles
Functional syncytium
45. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
tricuspid valve
stroke volume
atria and ventricles
WBC
46. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
venous return
heart
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
47. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
systemic circulation
Hepatic portal vein
arteries
Fxn of circulatory system
48. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Peripheral resistance
basophil
49. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Hemoglobin
ABO blood group
neutrophil
50. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
urea
local autoregulation
Functional syncytium
veins