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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






2. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






3. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






4. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






5. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






6. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






7. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






8. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






9. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






10. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






11. What is the direct cause of edema?






12. Number of systole contractions per unit time






13. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






14. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






15. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






16. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






17. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






18. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






19. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






20. Flow of blood through a tissue






21. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






22. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






23. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






24. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






25. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






26. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






27. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






28. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






29. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






30. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






31. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






32. Where are RBCs broken down?






33. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






34. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






35. 2 ways to increase venous return






36. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns






37. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






38. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






39. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






40. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






41. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






42. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






43. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






44. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






45. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






47. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






48. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






49. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






50. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high