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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
heart
adrenergic tone
megakaryocytes
resistance
2. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Sickle cell anemia
Coronary veins
3. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
adipocytes
Diastole
oncotic pressure
urea
4. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Diastole is longer
Sympathetic regulation of heart
heart rate
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
5. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Baroreceptors
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
2 components of antigens
6. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Vagal Signal
adrenergic tone
oncotic pressure
heart rate
7. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
AV node
Glucose
bicuspid (mitral) valve
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
8. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Right atrium
Frank - Starling Effect
eosinophil
atrioventricular valves
9. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Ischemia
Diastole is longer
fats
Granulocytes
10. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
stroke volume
Na leak channels
pulse pressure
adipocytes
11. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
2 components of antigens
ABO blood group
albumin
Tense
12. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
adrenergic tone
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
heart
13. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Platelet fxn
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Portal systems
Coronary arteries
14. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
fibrin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
atria
Na leak channels
15. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Portal systems
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
WBC
Ca channels
16. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
venous blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
17. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
heart
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
coronary sinus
18. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Coronary arteries
Lipoproteins
hemophilia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
19. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
systemic arterial blood pressure
atrioventricular valves
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
20. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Erythrocytes
Cardiac muscle cells
Fxn of circulatory system
21. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
diastolic blood pressure
heart
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
fibrinogen
22. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Hemoglobin
heart rate
local autoregulation
23. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Fxn of circulatory system
Valves of the venous system
Capillaries
serum
24. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
chylomicrons
Cardiac muscle cells
eosinophil
Vagal Signal
25. Universal acceptor
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Right atrium
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
26. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
urea
Bundle of His
systolic blood pressure
27. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Ischemia
Lipoproteins
28. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Blood plasma
atria
basophil
fibrinogen
29. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
Systole
Repolarization of nodes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
B cells and T cells
30. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
atria and ventricles
hemophilia
Blood plasma
31. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
serum
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
stroke volume
32. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
eosinophil
adipocytes
SA node
33. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Perfusion
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
adipocytes
Inflammation
34. When do semilunar valves close?
Blood plasma
adipocytes
Glucose
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
35. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Capillaries
heart
systemic arterial blood pressure
Fast Na channels
36. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
Ohm's law
Vagal Signal
macrophage
37. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Rh blood group
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Slow Ca channels
38. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
tricuspid valve
hemophilia
Bundle of His
39. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
hypoxia
Coronary veins
atria
Sympathetic regulation of heart
40. Purpose of erythrocytes?
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Platelet fxn
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
41. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Glucose
hypoxia
42. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
chylomicrons
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Tense
43. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Intercalated discs
Repolarization of nodes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Glucose
44. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Ischemia
WBC
high osmolarity of tissues
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
45. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Portal systems
tricuspid valve
Fast Na channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
46. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
venous return
bone marrow
Systole
47. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
megakaryocytes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
venous return
diastolic blood pressure
48. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
basophil
Hemoglobin
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
pulse pressure
49. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Cardiac muscle cells
Slow Ca channels
atria and ventricles
Coronary veins
50. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
veins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Diastole is longer
heart rate