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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






2. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






3. 2 ways to increase venous return






4. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






5. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






6. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






7. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






8. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






9. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






10. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






11. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






12. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






13. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






14. 2 portal systems to know






15. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






16. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






17. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






18. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






19. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






20. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






21. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






22. 2 lymphocytes






23. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






24. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






25. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






26. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






27. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






28. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






29. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






30. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






31. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






32. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






33. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






34. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






35. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






36. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






37. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






38. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






39. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






40. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






41. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






42. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






43. Purpose of erythrocytes?






44. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






45. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






46. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






47. When do Rh antibodies develop?






48. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






49. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






50. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4