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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Peripheral resistance
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Capillaries
2. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
AV node
heart
Inflammation
systemic circulation
3. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
fibrinogen
atria and ventricles
Bundle of His
local autoregulation
4. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
albumin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Portal systems
5. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
macrophage
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
6. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
2 components of antigens
systemic circulation
Slow Ca channels
7. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Hemoglobin
local autoregulation
macrophage
Platelet fxn
8. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
atria
Coronary arteries
megakaryocytes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
9. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Frank - Starling Effect
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
SA node
10. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
urea
hypoxia
coronary sinus
Rh blood group
11. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Fast Na channels
Bundle of His
atria
hypoxia
12. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
cardiac output (L/min)
capillaries
Relaxed
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
13. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Rh blood group
resistance
Hepatic portal vein
14. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
urea
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Intercalated discs
15. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
hypoxia
Vagal Signal
Frank - Starling Effect
resistance
16. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Sickle cell anemia
Erythropoetin
fibrin
Inflammation
17. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
basophil
tricuspid valve
pulse pressure
arteries
18. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Valves of the venous system
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Glucose
Fxn of circulatory system
19. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
bilirubin
Intercalated discs
bone marrow
20. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
albumin
Vagal Signal
Capillaries
21. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
Portal systems
Systole
bicuspid (mitral) valve
22. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
adrenergic tone
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
pulse pressure
23. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Relaxed
bone marrow
Slow Ca channels
Functional syncytium
24. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
fibrinogen
B cells and T cells
venous blood pressure
pulse pressure
25. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
albumin
fats
Thrombus
Capillaries
26. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Lipoproteins
amino acids and glucose
bilirubin
systemic arterial blood pressure
27. Flow of blood through a tissue
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Perfusion
systolic blood pressure
28. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Tense
serum
high osmolarity of tissues
29. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Inflammation
local autoregulation
hemophilia
Fast Na channels
30. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
high osmolarity of tissues
urea
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
31. When do Rh antibodies develop?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Peripheral resistance
Perfusion
32. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
atria and ventricles
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Bundle of His
33. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
stroke volume
Relaxed
Ischemia
AV node
34. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Ohm's law
Erythropoetin
Vagal Signal
35. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
stroke volume
Tense
albumin
veins
36. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
ventricles
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Hemoglobin
resistance
37. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
SA node
neutrophil
Slow Ca channels
Fast Na channels
38. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
WBC
Ca channels
Lipoproteins
nutrients
39. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Repolarization of nodes
SA node
albumin
cardiac output (L/min)
40. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
veins
basophil
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
systemic arterial blood pressure
41. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
T- tubules
Cardiac muscle cells
SA node
basophil
42. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
heart rate
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Vagal Signal
43. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
2 components of antigens
eosinophil
adrenergic tone
Granulocytes
44. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
diastolic blood pressure
Glucose
Sickle cell anemia
45. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Coronary arteries
Erythropoetin
Temperature or metabolic rate
46. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Frank - Starling Effect
Thrombus
47. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
resistance
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Diastole is longer
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
48. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
chylomicrons
Valves of the venous system
ventricles
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
49. Universal donor
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
systolic blood pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
venous blood pressure
50. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
T- tubules
Fxn of circulatory system
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Blood plasma