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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Hepatic portal vein
high osmolarity of tissues
pulse pressure
2. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
fibrinogen
Portal systems
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Fast Na channels
3. Universal donor
hemophilia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Glucose
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
4. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
serum
Ca channels
Repolarization of nodes
Sickle cell anemia
5. Fat storage cells of the body
Fxn of circulatory system
Cardiac muscle cells
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
adipocytes
6. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
systemic circulation
Diastole
Internodal tract
7. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
systemic arterial blood pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
8. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
B cells and T cells
fibrin
Thrombus
Rh blood group
9. 2 portal systems to know
Waste
eosinophil
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Lipoproteins
10. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Slow Ca channels
Waste
macrophage
urea
11. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
heart
Ischemia
12. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Diastole is longer
Tense
SA node
systemic arterial blood pressure
13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
nutrients
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
adipocytes
14. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Hepatic portal vein
Inflammation
valves
Functional syncytium
15. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Coronary veins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Repolarization of nodes
ABO blood group
16. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
WBC
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
chylomicrons
amino acids and glucose
17. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
veins
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Diastole
valves
18. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Systole
19. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Fast Na channels
local autoregulation
oncotic pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
20. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Spleen and liver
atria and ventricles
Slow Ca channels
Tense
21. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Sympathetic regulation of heart
urea
22. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
nutrients
bicuspid (mitral) valve
adipocytes
hypoxia
23. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
hemophilia
Intercalated discs
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
24. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
venous return
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Coronary arteries
Ischemia
25. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
valves
atria
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
coronary sinus
26. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
Portal systems
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Vagal Signal
27. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
2 components of antigens
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Baroreceptors
Tense
28. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
2 components of antigens
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
29. Purpose of erythrocytes?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Ischemia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
30. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Cardiac muscle cells
pulse pressure
macrophage
2 components of antigens
31. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
basophil
ventricles
Tense
Sickle cell anemia
32. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
venous return
bicuspid (mitral) valve
high osmolarity of tissues
Baroreceptors
33. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
nutrients
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulse pressure
34. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Ca channels
B cells and T cells
ABO blood group
Vagal Signal
35. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
albumin
Portal systems
Temperature or metabolic rate
36. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
systolic blood pressure
T- tubules
Sympathetic regulation of heart
37. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
Waste
macrophage
Coronary veins
38. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Portal systems
2 components of antigens
high osmolarity of tissues
eosinophil
39. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
heart rate
fibrin
Platelet fxn
Slow Ca channels
40. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Blood plasma
heart rate
Granulocytes
serum
41. 2 chambers of the heart
capillaries
atria and ventricles
Slow Ca channels
Sickle cell anemia
42. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
coronary sinus
Platelet fxn
Glucose
43. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
Frank - Starling Effect
albumin
valves
44. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Hemoglobin
AV node
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
45. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Perfusion
Na leak channels
Glucose
tricuspid valve
46. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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47. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
nutrients
basophil
urea
systolic blood pressure
48. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
bone marrow
hypoxia
Diastole
Tense
49. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Lipoproteins
capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
fibrin
50. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Waste
urea
oncotic pressure
Spleen and liver