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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Purpose of erythrocytes?






2. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






3. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






4. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






5. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






6. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






7. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






8. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






9. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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10. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






11. Universal donor






12. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






13. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






14. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






15. When do semilunar valves close?






16. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






17. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






18. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






19. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






20. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






21. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






22. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






23. 2 lymphocytes






24. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






25. 2 portal systems to know






26. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






27. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






28. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






29. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






30. 2 ways to increase venous return






31. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






32. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






33. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






34. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






35. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






36. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






37. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






38. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






39. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






40. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






41. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






42. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






43. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






44. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






45. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






46. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






47. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






48. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






49. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






50. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin