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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Erythropoetin
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
macrophage
2. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
heart rate
Slow Ca channels
SA node
3. 2 ways to increase venous return
Rh blood group
bone marrow
heart
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
4. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
atrioventricular valves
venous return
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
stroke volume
5. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
atria and ventricles
urea
amino acids and glucose
6. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Right atrium
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Rh blood group
fibrinogen
7. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
systemic circulation
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
neutrophil
nutrients
8. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
veins
bone marrow
WBC
Capillaries
9. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Peripheral resistance
Ischemia
venous return
systolic blood pressure
10. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Right atrium
hemophilia
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
11. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
valves
Platelet fxn
tricuspid valve
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
12. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
Vagal Signal
coronary sinus
pulmonary circulation
13. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
ventricles
Tense
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
14. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
atria
cardiac output (L/min)
eosinophil
15. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Perfusion
Glucose
veins
Erythropoetin
16. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
arteries
Vagal Signal
fibrinogen
chylomicrons
17. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Tense
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Capillaries
18. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
high osmolarity of tissues
systemic circulation
Valves of the venous system
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
19. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
venous blood pressure
Baroreceptors
heart
20. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
basophil
Coronary veins
adrenergic tone
21. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Granulocytes
Ohm's law
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
22. 2 lymphocytes
fats
veins
B cells and T cells
Valves of the venous system
23. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
AV node
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Baroreceptors
Coronary arteries
24. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
fibrinogen
T- tubules
Vagal Signal
Cardiac muscle cells
25. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Temperature or metabolic rate
heart
B cells and T cells
Platelet fxn
26. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
basophil
Relaxed
atria
27. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Fast Na channels
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
adrenergic tone
Coronary veins
28. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
WBC
Coronary arteries
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
29. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
ABO blood group
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
30. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
Functional syncytium
venous blood pressure
venous return
31. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
amino acids and glucose
Functional syncytium
Rh blood group
megakaryocytes
32. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
varicose veins
Erythrocytes
heart rate
Hemoglobin
33. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
bilirubin
Cardiac muscle cells
WBC
34. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Coronary arteries
Granulocytes
cardiac output (L/min)
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
35. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Tense
AV node
Diastole is longer
36. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Diastole is longer
chylomicrons
nutrients
resistance
37. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
2 components of antigens
tricuspid valve
bilirubin
urea
38. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
bone marrow
tricuspid valve
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Sickle cell anemia
39. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
AV node
serum
ABO blood group
T- tubules
40. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
Fxn of circulatory system
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Glucose
41. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
albumin
chylomicrons
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
fibrinogen
42. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
Spleen and liver
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
2 components of antigens
43. Purpose of erythrocytes?
fibrinogen
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
arteries
oncotic pressure
44. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
atria and ventricles
Hemoglobin
AV node
45. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Fast Na channels
Thrombus
urea
diastolic blood pressure
46. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
veins
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
bilirubin
Sympathetic regulation of heart
47. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Frank - Starling Effect
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
high osmolarity of tissues
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
48. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
varicose veins
Diastole is longer
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Capillaries
49. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Functional syncytium
Capillaries
bilirubin
50. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Temperature or metabolic rate
Capillaries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.