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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of systole contractions per unit time






2. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






3. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






4. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






5. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






6. What is the direct cause of edema?






7. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






8. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






9. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






10. When do semilunar valves close?






11. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






12. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






13. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






14. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






15. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






16. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






17. Purpose of erythrocytes?






18. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






19. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






20. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






21. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






22. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






23. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






24. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






25. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






26. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






27. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






28. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






29. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






30. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






31. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






32. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






33. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






34. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






35. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






36. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






37. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






38. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






39. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






40. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






41. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






42. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






43. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






44. 2 portal systems to know






45. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






46. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






47. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






48. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






49. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






50. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures