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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Rh blood group
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
2. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Relaxed
chylomicrons
megakaryocytes
varicose veins
3. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
chylomicrons
Right atrium
Hepatic portal vein
nutrients
4. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
Fast Na channels
high osmolarity of tissues
nutrients
5. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Slow Ca channels
Diastole is longer
atrioventricular valves
6. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
Glucose
7. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Baroreceptors
Glucose
Cardiac muscle cells
fats
8. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
hemophilia
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
oncotic pressure
9. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
Platelet fxn
B cells and T cells
Relaxed
10. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
fibrin
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
AV node
systemic circulation
11. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
oncotic pressure
Peripheral resistance
Intercalated discs
atria
12. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
systolic blood pressure
Fast Na channels
Right atrium
bicuspid (mitral) valve
13. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Capillaries
Hemoglobin
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
AV node
14. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Ca channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Slow Ca channels
nutrients
15. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Relaxed
WBC
heart
16. Universal donor
Glucose
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Inflammation
urea
17. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
adrenergic tone
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
megakaryocytes
Hepatic portal vein
18. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
Hepatic portal vein
stroke volume
Valves of the venous system
19. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
bicuspid (mitral) valve
adrenergic tone
Fxn of circulatory system
Diastole is longer
20. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
pulse pressure
Intercalated discs
Erythropoetin
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
21. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
systolic blood pressure
Sympathetic regulation of heart
AV node
22. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
heart
venous blood pressure
bicuspid (mitral) valve
heart rate
23. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
serum
Coronary arteries
Diastole
24. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hemophilia
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
resistance
Slow Ca channels
25. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
bone marrow
Relaxed
26. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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27. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
venous return
local autoregulation
Diastole is longer
fibrin
28. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Slow Ca channels
Glucose
Blood plasma
Platelet fxn
29. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
Functional syncytium
amino acids and glucose
fibrinogen
Intercalated discs
30. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
basophil
Lipoproteins
amino acids and glucose
31. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
systemic circulation
megakaryocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
hemostasis
32. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
diastolic blood pressure
resistance
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
33. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Spleen and liver
Glucose
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
34. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Tense
Lipoproteins
ventricles
35. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
2 components of antigens
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
hypoxia
36. Where are RBCs broken down?
Right atrium
Ischemia
Spleen and liver
adrenergic tone
37. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
atrioventricular valves
Sickle cell anemia
albumin
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
38. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
resistance
Na leak channels
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Coronary arteries
39. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Tense
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
macrophage
varicose veins
40. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
Sympathetic regulation of heart
high osmolarity of tissues
pulse pressure
41. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
tricuspid valve
Fxn of circulatory system
veins
42. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
valves
chylomicrons
Coronary arteries
Internodal tract
43. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Na leak channels
ABO blood group
Systole
systemic circulation
44. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Portal systems
fats
Functional syncytium
systolic blood pressure
45. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
albumin
eosinophil
systemic arterial blood pressure
resistance
46. What is the direct cause of edema?
2 components of antigens
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Waste
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
47. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
systolic blood pressure
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Coronary veins
48. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
Slow Ca channels
Na leak channels
chylomicrons
49. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
local autoregulation
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Peripheral resistance
50. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
SA node
Ohm's law
veins