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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
arteries
Peripheral resistance
adipocytes
2. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
basophil
Vagal Signal
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Rh blood group
3. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
Erythrocytes
Lipoproteins
neutrophil
4. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
venous return
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Relaxed
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
5. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Frank - Starling Effect
bone marrow
cardiac output (L/min)
Ca channels
6. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
hemostasis
nutrients
B cells and T cells
Na leak channels
7. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
AV node
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Diastole
Relaxed
8. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
fibrin
venous blood pressure
varicose veins
Systole
9. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Blood plasma
heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
10. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
valves
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
WBC
11. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
Sickle cell anemia
hemostasis
hemophilia
eosinophil
12. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
adipocytes
Ischemia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
13. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Baroreceptors
varicose veins
14. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
amino acids and glucose
hemophilia
resistance
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
15. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
fats
Platelet fxn
Slow Ca channels
atria
16. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
hypoxia
Peripheral resistance
hemophilia
resistance
17. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
18. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
SA node
atrioventricular valves
2 components of antigens
Diastole
19. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
Sickle cell anemia
albumin
Frank - Starling Effect
diastolic blood pressure
20. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Fxn of circulatory system
Coronary veins
systemic arterial blood pressure
coronary sinus
21. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
Fast Na channels
Internodal tract
nutrients
22. Universal donor
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Sympathetic regulation of heart
local autoregulation
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
23. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
macrophage
Diastole is longer
chylomicrons
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
24. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Glucose
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Intercalated discs
25. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Erythropoetin
atria and ventricles
heart
26. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Internodal tract
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Fxn of circulatory system
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
27. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Perfusion
fibrinogen
Glucose
eosinophil
28. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
Diastole is longer
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
macrophage
29. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
systemic circulation
Erythrocytes
Valves of the venous system
systolic blood pressure
30. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
T- tubules
Na leak channels
SA node
31. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
T- tubules
Bundle of His
32. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
pulmonary circulation
Portal systems
Sickle cell anemia
fats
33. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
hemostasis
2 components of antigens
Systole
Lipoproteins
34. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Relaxed
Erythropoetin
Spleen and liver
serum
35. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Temperature or metabolic rate
chylomicrons
Tense
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
36. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Platelet fxn
macrophage
varicose veins
bone marrow
37. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Right atrium
hypoxia
Slow Ca channels
Lipoproteins
38. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
fats
Glucose
venous blood pressure
Perfusion
39. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Right atrium
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
40. 2 ways to increase venous return
eosinophil
Capillaries
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
fats
41. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
valves
fibrinogen
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Inflammation
42. 2 portal systems to know
Intercalated discs
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Systole
43. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Ohm's law
Vagal Signal
heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
44. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Sickle cell anemia
Internodal tract
Blood plasma
45. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
eosinophil
veins
Baroreceptors
bilirubin
46. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Tense
arteries
resistance
stroke volume
47. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
2 components of antigens
nutrients
Vagal Signal
48. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Diastole
veins
Coronary arteries
49. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Repolarization of nodes
Internodal tract
venous return
Tense
50. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
Platelet fxn
hemostasis
fibrin