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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






2. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






3. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






4. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






5. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






6. Number of systole contractions per unit time






7. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






8. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






9. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






10. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






11. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






12. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






14. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






15. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






16. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






17. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






18. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






19. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






20. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






21. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






22. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






23. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






24. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






25. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






26. Flow of blood through a tissue






27. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






28. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






29. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






30. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






31. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






32. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






33. Purpose of erythrocytes?






34. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






35. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






36. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






37. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






38. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






39. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






40. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






41. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






42. Universal donor






43. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






44. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






45. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






46. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






47. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






48. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






49. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






50. Where do all components of the blood develop from?







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