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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






2. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






3. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






4. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






5. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






6. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






7. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






8. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






9. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






10. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?






11. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






12. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






13. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






14. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






15. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






16. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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17. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






18. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






19. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






20. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






21. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






22. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






23. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






24. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






25. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






26. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






27. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






28. What is the direct cause of edema?






29. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






30. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






31. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






32. 2 chambers of the heart






33. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids






34. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






35. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






36. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






37. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






38. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






39. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






40. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






41. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






42. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






43. When do semilunar valves close?






44. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






45. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






46. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






47. Flow of blood through a tissue






48. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






49. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






50. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction