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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Waste
Erythrocytes
Sympathetic regulation of heart
2. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
systemic circulation
coronary sinus
veins
Vagal Signal
3. When do Rh antibodies develop?
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Sickle cell anemia
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
4. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
2 components of antigens
AV node
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Blood plasma
5. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
atria and ventricles
basophil
megakaryocytes
WBC
6. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
cardiac output (L/min)
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Diastole is longer
7. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
WBC
neutrophil
Fast Na channels
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
8. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
hemophilia
Internodal tract
pulse pressure
9. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
hemophilia
Baroreceptors
pulse pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
10. Flow of blood through a tissue
Perfusion
stroke volume
tricuspid valve
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
11. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
atria and ventricles
Frank - Starling Effect
high osmolarity of tissues
WBC
12. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Ohm's law
Fxn of circulatory system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
fibrinogen
13. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
bone marrow
nutrients
atria
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
14. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Ischemia
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
15. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
adrenergic tone
Glucose
fats
hemophilia
16. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
fibrinogen
Blood plasma
bilirubin
nutrients
17. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Baroreceptors
resistance
varicose veins
cardiac output (L/min)
18. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Frank - Starling Effect
basophil
Baroreceptors
Intercalated discs
19. Where are RBCs broken down?
Intercalated discs
fats
Ohm's law
Spleen and liver
20. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Na leak channels
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
pulse pressure
21. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Coronary arteries
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
adipocytes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
22. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
arteries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
basophil
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
23. What is the direct cause of edema?
fats
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Coronary arteries
Functional syncytium
24. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
AV node
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
resistance
25. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
bilirubin
WBC
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
diastolic blood pressure
26. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
neutrophil
Peripheral resistance
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
27. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Intercalated discs
T- tubules
systolic blood pressure
Valves of the venous system
28. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
oncotic pressure
arteries
SA node
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
29. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
Fast Na channels
Repolarization of nodes
basophil
30. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
basophil
hypoxia
pulmonary circulation
arteries
31. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Temperature or metabolic rate
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
varicose veins
hypoxia
32. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
fibrin
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Platelet fxn
Rh blood group
33. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
T- tubules
Hepatic portal vein
Ischemia
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
34. Universal donor
Hepatic portal vein
pulmonary circulation
fibrinogen
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
35. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Waste
systolic blood pressure
varicose veins
fibrinogen
36. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Vagal Signal
Frank - Starling Effect
bilirubin
37. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
atria and ventricles
local autoregulation
Capillaries
38. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
hemostasis
pulse pressure
Peripheral resistance
39. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
atria and ventricles
Functional syncytium
Frank - Starling Effect
40. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Fxn of circulatory system
adipocytes
fibrinogen
Diastole
41. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
Lipoproteins
ventricles
WBC
42. Fat storage cells of the body
urea
Systole
Fxn of circulatory system
adipocytes
43. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
Repolarization of nodes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
hypoxia
44. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
hemostasis
adrenergic tone
45. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
oncotic pressure
Hemoglobin
fats
urea
46. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
adipocytes
Fxn of circulatory system
oncotic pressure
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
47. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Blood plasma
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Vagal Signal
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
48. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
venous return
B cells and T cells
Rh blood group
49. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
B cells and T cells
diastolic blood pressure
bone marrow
Capillaries
50. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Valves of the venous system
Na leak channels
Coronary veins