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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
chylomicrons
pulmonary circulation
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
2. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
oncotic pressure
Diastole is longer
Platelet fxn
pulse pressure
3. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
systemic arterial blood pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Sympathetic regulation of heart
nutrients
4. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
veins
Glucose
5. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Systole
veins
6. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Frank - Starling Effect
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
fibrinogen
Diastole is longer
7. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
hypoxia
fats
venous blood pressure
Coronary veins
8. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
systemic arterial blood pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
macrophage
9. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Ohm's law
Diastole
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
bone marrow
10. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
SA node
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
11. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
fibrinogen
Rh blood group
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
12. Number of systole contractions per unit time
pulse pressure
heart rate
Fxn of circulatory system
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
13. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
atria and ventricles
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
capillaries
B cells and T cells
14. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Systole
oncotic pressure
15. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
oncotic pressure
Coronary arteries
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
systemic arterial blood pressure
16. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
resistance
amino acids and glucose
eosinophil
17. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
Bundle of His
Fast Na channels
Granulocytes
18. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
albumin
veins
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
urea
19. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Erythropoetin
Bundle of His
valves
Fast Na channels
20. Flow of blood through a tissue
atria
adrenergic tone
Perfusion
Peripheral resistance
21. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Erythrocytes
Ischemia
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
22. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
eosinophil
coronary sinus
Fxn of circulatory system
23. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
local autoregulation
Inflammation
atria and ventricles
varicose veins
24. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Waste
stroke volume
coronary sinus
serum
25. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
venous return
Diastole
atrioventricular valves
megakaryocytes
26. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Bundle of His
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
ventricles
27. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Peripheral resistance
Tense
Slow Ca channels
resistance
28. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
heart rate
Portal systems
nutrients
29. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
diastolic blood pressure
hemophilia
atrioventricular valves
ABO blood group
30. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
fibrinogen
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
albumin
venous return
31. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
eosinophil
Valves of the venous system
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Platelet fxn
32. Where are RBCs broken down?
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Spleen and liver
eosinophil
Baroreceptors
33. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
hemostasis
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
tricuspid valve
pulmonary circulation
34. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
pulse pressure
Sickle cell anemia
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Intercalated discs
35. 2 ways to increase venous return
heart rate
venous return
heart
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
36. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
Frank - Starling Effect
Capillaries
neutrophil
eosinophil
37. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Right atrium
adipocytes
Systole
38. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
atria and ventricles
Frank - Starling Effect
systemic circulation
urea
39. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
bilirubin
heart rate
Relaxed
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
40. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
chylomicrons
Hepatic portal vein
Diastole is longer
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
41. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Internodal tract
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
megakaryocytes
Waste
42. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
resistance
Relaxed
Baroreceptors
43. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
local autoregulation
oncotic pressure
Ca channels
atrioventricular valves
44. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
bone marrow
WBC
Fxn of circulatory system
Fast Na channels
45. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
arteries
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
basophil
Systole
46. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Right atrium
Inflammation
Blood plasma
local autoregulation
47. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
Relaxed
hemostasis
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Baroreceptors
48. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Hemoglobin
basophil
49. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
tricuspid valve
Coronary veins
Baroreceptors
local autoregulation
50. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Baroreceptors
Bundle of His
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
basophil