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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
veins
macrophage
oncotic pressure
Platelet fxn
2. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
albumin
Valves of the venous system
3. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
atria
heart rate
Lipoproteins
4. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
nutrients
Fast Na channels
cardiac output (L/min)
5. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
fibrinogen
Fast Na channels
6. When do semilunar valves close?
atria and ventricles
Cardiac muscle cells
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
basophil
7. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
venous return
Sympathetic regulation of heart
valves
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
8. When do Rh antibodies develop?
veins
tricuspid valve
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
9. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
eosinophil
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
fats
Thrombus
10. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
local autoregulation
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Temperature or metabolic rate
urea
11. 2 lymphocytes
Fast Na channels
B cells and T cells
Peripheral resistance
WBC
12. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Relaxed
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
chylomicrons
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
13. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Ca channels
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
2 components of antigens
venous blood pressure
14. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Right atrium
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
cardiac output (L/min)
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
15. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
atrioventricular valves
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
16. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
serum
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
venous blood pressure
megakaryocytes
17. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
Right atrium
diastolic blood pressure
Frank - Starling Effect
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
18. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
basophil
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
high osmolarity of tissues
systemic circulation
19. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
ventricles
Thrombus
Diastole is longer
local autoregulation
20. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Right atrium
fats
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
venous return
21. Purpose of erythrocytes?
megakaryocytes
Tense
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
nutrients
22. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Ischemia
ABO blood group
Lipoproteins
23. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
fats
Ca channels
eosinophil
Bundle of His
24. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Coronary veins
tricuspid valve
oncotic pressure
capillaries
25. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Spleen and liver
systemic arterial blood pressure
WBC
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
26. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Ohm's law
atrioventricular valves
high osmolarity of tissues
venous blood pressure
27. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Systole
hemophilia
hemostasis
28. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
Diastole is longer
Relaxed
arteries
29. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
hemostasis
Internodal tract
WBC
Thrombus
30. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
ventricles
pulse pressure
Right atrium
31. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Granulocytes
Bundle of His
SA node
serum
32. Fat storage cells of the body
ventricles
adipocytes
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Portal systems
33. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
heart
2 components of antigens
Systole
34. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
serum
Erythrocytes
capillaries
bicuspid (mitral) valve
35. Flow of blood through a tissue
local autoregulation
serum
Perfusion
chylomicrons
36. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
fibrin
Inflammation
Sickle cell anemia
systemic arterial blood pressure
37. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Bundle of His
Lipoproteins
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
38. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Perfusion
amino acids and glucose
39. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Spleen and liver
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
cardiac output (L/min)
Granulocytes
40. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
valves
macrophage
B cells and T cells
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
41. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
valves
pulse pressure
Ischemia
megakaryocytes
42. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Intercalated discs
Capillaries
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
bilirubin
43. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
serum
Hepatic portal vein
adrenergic tone
44. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Peripheral resistance
hemostasis
amino acids and glucose
45. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Thrombus
resistance
Rh blood group
46. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Frank - Starling Effect
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
heart rate
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
47. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
arteries
valves
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Vagal Signal
48. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
local autoregulation
fibrinogen
Peripheral resistance
atrioventricular valves
49. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
atrioventricular valves
Hepatic portal vein
hemostasis
Fxn of circulatory system
50. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
adipocytes
tricuspid valve
oncotic pressure
systemic circulation