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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Tense
Cardiac muscle cells
2. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
resistance
local autoregulation
3. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
systemic circulation
Rh blood group
neutrophil
4. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Frank - Starling Effect
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
urea
hemophilia
5. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
SA node
Glucose
varicose veins
6. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Na leak channels
SA node
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
7. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Thrombus
pulse pressure
Erythrocytes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
8. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Systole
Perfusion
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Coronary arteries
9. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
coronary sinus
T- tubules
high osmolarity of tissues
bicuspid (mitral) valve
10. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
adrenergic tone
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Slow Ca channels
chylomicrons
11. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Right atrium
Ohm's law
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
fats
12. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
ventricles
Tense
ABO blood group
13. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
Bundle of His
heart rate
Intercalated discs
14. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Sickle cell anemia
oncotic pressure
veins
15. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Repolarization of nodes
hypoxia
Na leak channels
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
16. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
hypoxia
resistance
hemophilia
macrophage
17. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Tense
Peripheral resistance
heart rate
systolic blood pressure
18. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Bundle of His
WBC
atria
19. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Coronary arteries
Diastole is longer
Internodal tract
Erythrocytes
20. What is the direct cause of edema?
eosinophil
fibrin
hemostasis
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
21. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Tense
SA node
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Inflammation
22. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
adrenergic tone
cardiac output (L/min)
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Glucose
23. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
Repolarization of nodes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Granulocytes
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
24. Fat storage cells of the body
systemic arterial blood pressure
amino acids and glucose
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
adipocytes
25. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Relaxed
ABO blood group
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
systolic blood pressure
26. 2 lymphocytes
Ca channels
albumin
B cells and T cells
venous blood pressure
27. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
atrioventricular valves
chylomicrons
capillaries
28. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
albumin
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
atria
29. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Fast Na channels
hypoxia
30. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Functional syncytium
systemic arterial blood pressure
ventricles
Frank - Starling Effect
31. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
serum
venous return
Hemoglobin
32. Universal acceptor
Hemoglobin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Perfusion
33. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
SA node
Frank - Starling Effect
varicose veins
34. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
AV node
Inflammation
Erythropoetin
Valves of the venous system
35. Universal donor
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
pulmonary circulation
Platelet fxn
36. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
fibrinogen
Na leak channels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulmonary circulation
37. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
arteries
Valves of the venous system
Hemoglobin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
38. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
pulse pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Valves of the venous system
39. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
Bundle of His
Ischemia
Systole
40. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
arteries
Tense
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
41. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
Bundle of His
Systole
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
42. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
oncotic pressure
2 components of antigens
serum
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
43. When do Rh antibodies develop?
ventricles
albumin
Blood plasma
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
44. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Cardiac muscle cells
diastolic blood pressure
Ischemia
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
45. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Diastole is longer
Fast Na channels
pulmonary circulation
46. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
SA node
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
serum
Blood plasma
47. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
Baroreceptors
atria and ventricles
tricuspid valve
48. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
Right atrium
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
neutrophil
49. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Fxn of circulatory system
albumin
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
50. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Bundle of His
nutrients
AV node