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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
systolic blood pressure
ABO blood group
Intercalated discs
2. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Blood plasma
Thrombus
varicose veins
hemophilia
3. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Vagal Signal
Ohm's law
Blood plasma
Tense
4. Flow of blood through a tissue
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
albumin
Perfusion
Cardiac muscle cells
5. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
diastolic blood pressure
Ischemia
varicose veins
Diastole
6. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Sickle cell anemia
Ca channels
Lipoproteins
chylomicrons
7. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Na leak channels
Vagal Signal
heart rate
8. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
basophil
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Valves of the venous system
9. 2 ways to increase venous return
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
B cells and T cells
atria and ventricles
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
10. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Ischemia
tricuspid valve
basophil
adrenergic tone
11. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
heart rate
2 components of antigens
macrophage
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
12. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
capillaries
Frank - Starling Effect
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
13. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulse pressure
neutrophil
14. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
fats
fibrin
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
macrophage
15. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Erythrocytes
cardiac output (L/min)
pulmonary circulation
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
16. What is the direct cause of edema?
systemic arterial blood pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Diastole
17. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Erythropoetin
heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
cardiac output (L/min)
18. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
Portal systems
Fxn of circulatory system
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
19. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
fats
Ischemia
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Frank - Starling Effect
20. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
pulse pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Sickle cell anemia
hemostasis
21. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Platelet fxn
Relaxed
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
ventricles
22. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
oncotic pressure
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
tricuspid valve
23. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Temperature or metabolic rate
bilirubin
ventricles
24. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
heart
Intercalated discs
heart rate
25. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Relaxed
Ca channels
systemic arterial blood pressure
atria
26. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
Spleen and liver
bone marrow
Relaxed
SA node
27. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Thrombus
Granulocytes
Rh blood group
Right atrium
28. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
2 components of antigens
Intercalated discs
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
29. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
T- tubules
Fxn of circulatory system
Diastole
30. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
oncotic pressure
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
eosinophil
31. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
atrioventricular valves
32. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
fibrin
systemic arterial blood pressure
oncotic pressure
WBC
33. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Repolarization of nodes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
adipocytes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
34. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
high osmolarity of tissues
bone marrow
Spleen and liver
35. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Diastole is longer
Hemoglobin
Thrombus
36. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Erythrocytes
bilirubin
37. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
AV node
Peripheral resistance
Lipoproteins
38. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
venous return
chylomicrons
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
39. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
serum
Capillaries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
40. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Diastole is longer
adrenergic tone
2 components of antigens
41. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Systole
resistance
fibrin
B cells and T cells
42. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
stroke volume
Fxn of circulatory system
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
WBC
43. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Granulocytes
Functional syncytium
SA node
macrophage
44. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Ohm's law
amino acids and glucose
heart
45. When do semilunar valves close?
Ca channels
eosinophil
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
46. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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47. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
varicose veins
ABO blood group
capillaries
48. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
nutrients
atria
systolic blood pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
49. Fat storage cells of the body
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
adipocytes
heart
50. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Cardiac muscle cells
Coronary arteries
Vagal Signal
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate