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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
heart
Waste
T- tubules
2. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Hepatic portal vein
WBC
Fxn of circulatory system
3. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Frank - Starling Effect
nutrients
Ca channels
hemophilia
4. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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5. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
albumin
Intercalated discs
high osmolarity of tissues
capillaries
6. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Platelet fxn
Sickle cell anemia
hemostasis
AV node
7. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Relaxed
Waste
atrioventricular valves
8. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
neutrophil
Bundle of His
Tense
9. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
atria
Frank - Starling Effect
Na leak channels
10. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Vagal Signal
systemic arterial blood pressure
resistance
B cells and T cells
11. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Temperature or metabolic rate
WBC
bone marrow
12. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
resistance
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Diastole
atrioventricular valves
13. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Ca channels
megakaryocytes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Diastole is longer
14. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
bilirubin
Rh blood group
Systole
varicose veins
15. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Na leak channels
Ischemia
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Sympathetic regulation of heart
16. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Frank - Starling Effect
Intercalated discs
bilirubin
chylomicrons
17. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
hemostasis
Ischemia
Rh blood group
Repolarization of nodes
18. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
local autoregulation
adipocytes
pulmonary circulation
19. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Sickle cell anemia
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
adipocytes
20. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Tense
systemic circulation
fibrin
21. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
2 components of antigens
Inflammation
Cardiac muscle cells
bilirubin
22. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
hemostasis
bilirubin
cardiac output (L/min)
23. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
hemophilia
venous blood pressure
basophil
local autoregulation
24. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Cardiac muscle cells
pulmonary circulation
Ohm's law
Peripheral resistance
25. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
hemostasis
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
WBC
26. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Thrombus
Spleen and liver
27. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Systole
Cardiac muscle cells
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Coronary veins
28. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
venous return
basophil
Frank - Starling Effect
adrenergic tone
29. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Na leak channels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
venous blood pressure
30. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
bilirubin
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
systemic arterial blood pressure
31. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Peripheral resistance
Fast Na channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
chylomicrons
32. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Intercalated discs
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
WBC
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
33. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
heart rate
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Intercalated discs
bicuspid (mitral) valve
34. When do semilunar valves close?
basophil
heart rate
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
35. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Lipoproteins
WBC
Capillaries
36. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Lipoproteins
local autoregulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Diastole is longer
37. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
stroke volume
Relaxed
amino acids and glucose
38. 2 lymphocytes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Bundle of His
Fxn of circulatory system
B cells and T cells
39. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
fibrin
megakaryocytes
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
macrophage
40. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
atria and ventricles
Intercalated discs
Ca channels
heart
41. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
WBC
Hepatic portal vein
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
pulmonary circulation
42. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Sickle cell anemia
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Waste
veins
43. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Intercalated discs
Diastole is longer
Coronary arteries
high osmolarity of tissues
44. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
heart
systemic arterial blood pressure
pulmonary circulation
45. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
Slow Ca channels
fibrinogen
Granulocytes
Portal systems
46. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
bicuspid (mitral) valve
systemic arterial blood pressure
47. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Internodal tract
atria and ventricles
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Diastole
48. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
serum
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
systemic arterial blood pressure
49. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Repolarization of nodes
varicose veins
Temperature or metabolic rate
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
50. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
hypoxia
Fxn of circulatory system
hemostasis
Bundle of His
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