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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
hypoxia
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Erythrocytes
2. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Internodal tract
Spleen and liver
eosinophil
3. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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4. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
serum
Portal systems
Waste
5. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
serum
Diastole is longer
systemic circulation
6. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
systolic blood pressure
WBC
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Cardiac muscle cells
7. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Na leak channels
B cells and T cells
Waste
8. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
B cells and T cells
oncotic pressure
Fast Na channels
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
9. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Hepatic portal vein
Granulocytes
coronary sinus
Hemoglobin
10. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Coronary veins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Ohm's law
urea
11. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
Diastole is longer
chylomicrons
Slow Ca channels
WBC
12. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
adrenergic tone
coronary sinus
Frank - Starling Effect
13. 2 portal systems to know
heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
systolic blood pressure
T- tubules
14. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
fibrin
pulmonary circulation
15. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
bicuspid (mitral) valve
hemophilia
capillaries
16. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
capillaries
Bundle of His
Fxn of circulatory system
Relaxed
17. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
capillaries
systolic blood pressure
18. Universal donor
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
varicose veins
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
coronary sinus
19. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
Blood plasma
veins
oncotic pressure
20. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
coronary sinus
T- tubules
ventricles
21. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
Diastole is longer
Slow Ca channels
cardiac output (L/min)
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
22. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
2 components of antigens
adipocytes
Rh blood group
23. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
pulse pressure
venous return
Platelet fxn
Thrombus
24. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
atria
adipocytes
Sympathetic regulation of heart
atrioventricular valves
25. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
heart rate
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
bone marrow
26. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
fibrinogen
pulmonary circulation
atrioventricular valves
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
27. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
megakaryocytes
venous return
systemic arterial blood pressure
capillaries
28. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
tricuspid valve
coronary sinus
29. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
arteries
fats
coronary sinus
30. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Cardiac muscle cells
Coronary veins
high osmolarity of tissues
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
31. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
Ca channels
Glucose
SA node
tricuspid valve
32. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
fibrin
AV node
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
33. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
Right atrium
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
34. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Repolarization of nodes
Waste
Granulocytes
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
35. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Na leak channels
amino acids and glucose
Valves of the venous system
Lipoproteins
36. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
hemophilia
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Bundle of His
37. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Spleen and liver
Coronary arteries
B cells and T cells
Diastole is longer
38. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
diastolic blood pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
hemophilia
39. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
fibrinogen
Vagal Signal
atria
hemostasis
40. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
pulmonary circulation
Systole
Inflammation
T- tubules
41. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Temperature or metabolic rate
megakaryocytes
Ischemia
42. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
systemic circulation
Fxn of circulatory system
Lipoproteins
43. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Coronary arteries
Peripheral resistance
Lipoproteins
valves
44. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
systolic blood pressure
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Ischemia
chylomicrons
45. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Tense
Glucose
pulmonary circulation
bone marrow
46. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
Coronary veins
chylomicrons
venous return
Tense
47. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
adrenergic tone
fibrinogen
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Cardiac muscle cells
48. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
adipocytes
Erythrocytes
Capillaries
49. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Diastole
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
hypoxia
50. When do semilunar valves close?
heart rate
pulmonary circulation
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Ohm's law
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