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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 portal systems to know






2. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






3. When do Rh antibodies develop?






4. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R


5. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






6. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






7. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






8. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






9. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






10. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






11. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






12. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






13. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






14. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






15. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






16. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






17. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






18. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






19. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






20. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






21. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






22. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






23. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






24. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)






25. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






26. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






27. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






28. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






29. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






30. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






31. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






32. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






33. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






34. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






35. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






36. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






37. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






38. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






39. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






40. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






41. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






42. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






43. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






44. When do semilunar valves close?






45. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






46. Number of systole contractions per unit time






47. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






48. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






49. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






50. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels