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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ABO blood group and Rh blood group






2. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






3. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






4. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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5. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






6. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






7. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






8. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






9. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






10. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






11. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






12. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






13. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






14. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






15. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






16. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






17. 2 ways to increase venous return






18. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






19. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






20. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






21. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






22. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver






23. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






24. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






25. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






26. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






27. When do Rh antibodies develop?






28. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






29. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






30. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






31. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






32. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






33. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






34. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






35. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






36. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






37. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






38. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream






39. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






40. What is the direct cause of edema?






41. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






42. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






43. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






44. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






45. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






46. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






47. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






48. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






49. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






50. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures