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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding






2. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






3. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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4. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






5. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






6. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






7. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






8. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






9. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






10. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






11. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions






12. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell






13. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






14. Flow of blood through a tissue






15. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound






16. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






17. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






18. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






19. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






20. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






21. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






22. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






23. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






24. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






25. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






26. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






27. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste






28. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






29. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






30. Purpose of erythrocytes?






31. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






32. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






33. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






34. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






35. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






36. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






37. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






38. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






39. 2 ways to increase venous return






40. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






41. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






42. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






43. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






44. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






45. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






46. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization






47. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






48. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






49. When do semilunar valves close?






50. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all