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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
hypoxia
heart rate
Fast Na channels
2. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
high osmolarity of tissues
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Internodal tract
3. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
Frank - Starling Effect
T- tubules
Sympathetic regulation of heart
4. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
Platelet fxn
atria
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac muscle cells
5. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
Bundle of His
Peripheral resistance
Na leak channels
cardiac output (L/min)
6. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
basophil
Repolarization of nodes
Diastole is longer
7. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Fast Na channels
local autoregulation
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
8. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Fast Na channels
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
local autoregulation
9. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
systemic circulation
Coronary arteries
T- tubules
10. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Coronary veins
Internodal tract
Thrombus
capillaries
11. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
high osmolarity of tissues
hypoxia
Granulocytes
Bundle of His
12. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
AV node
Capillaries
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Platelet fxn
13. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
capillaries
resistance
macrophage
Intercalated discs
14. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Frank - Starling Effect
AV node
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
15. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
basophil
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
tricuspid valve
16. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Rh blood group
Functional syncytium
valves
Coronary veins
17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
pulse pressure
tricuspid valve
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Granulocytes
18. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
Valves of the venous system
amino acids and glucose
serum
19. Where are RBCs broken down?
Repolarization of nodes
Spleen and liver
Diastole
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
20. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Cardiac muscle cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
21. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
AV node
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
venous return
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
22. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Functional syncytium
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Waste
Vagal Signal
23. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
Perfusion
Frank - Starling Effect
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
atria
24. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Baroreceptors
coronary sinus
Relaxed
25. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
ventricles
resistance
Rh blood group
26. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
B cells and T cells
Fast Na channels
27. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
bilirubin
Functional syncytium
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
28. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Temperature or metabolic rate
local autoregulation
Bundle of His
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
29. Universal acceptor
Ca channels
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
fibrinogen
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
30. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
31. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
WBC
adrenergic tone
arteries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
32. Purpose of erythrocytes?
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Internodal tract
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
33. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Glucose
Hepatic portal vein
fibrinogen
34. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
Peripheral resistance
fibrin
Platelet fxn
Baroreceptors
35. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
arteries
hemophilia
adipocytes
Tense
36. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
capillaries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Functional syncytium
Temperature or metabolic rate
37. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
albumin
ventricles
serum
Glucose
38. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
Granulocytes
capillaries
bilirubin
39. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Temperature or metabolic rate
Na leak channels
Fxn of circulatory system
oncotic pressure
40. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
fibrinogen
Right atrium
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
41. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
SA node
tricuspid valve
adrenergic tone
resistance
42. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
Erythrocytes
Intercalated discs
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Waste
43. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
chylomicrons
Diastole
44. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Diastole
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Sickle cell anemia
neutrophil
45. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Hepatic portal vein
stroke volume
basophil
arteries
46. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Fxn of circulatory system
Erythrocytes
serum
47. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Diastole
veins
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Lipoproteins
48. When do Rh antibodies develop?
local autoregulation
Temperature or metabolic rate
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
T- tubules
49. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Glucose
pulmonary circulation
Vagal Signal
Inflammation
50. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
T- tubules
Portal systems
WBC
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...