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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
veins
Baroreceptors
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
2. Universal donor
tricuspid valve
Waste
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Valves of the venous system
3. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
bilirubin
adrenergic tone
Ohm's law
WBC
4. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
nutrients
Erythrocytes
high osmolarity of tissues
Diastole is longer
5. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
Perfusion
varicose veins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Functional syncytium
6. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Hemoglobin
pulmonary circulation
atria and ventricles
7. 2 chambers of the heart
Thrombus
veins
heart rate
atria and ventricles
8. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Functional syncytium
Valves of the venous system
Temperature or metabolic rate
adrenergic tone
9. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
nutrients
hypoxia
10. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
WBC
valves
Erythropoetin
Rh blood group
11. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
bicuspid (mitral) valve
eosinophil
Spleen and liver
nutrients
12. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Ischemia
B cells and T cells
capillaries
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
13. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
systemic arterial blood pressure
14. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
adrenergic tone
fibrinogen
15. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
oncotic pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
fats
16. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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17. When do Rh antibodies develop?
Valves of the venous system
Repolarization of nodes
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
diastolic blood pressure
18. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Platelet fxn
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
pulse pressure
Slow Ca channels
19. Where are RBCs broken down?
Spleen and liver
pulse pressure
atrioventricular valves
ABO blood group
20. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
SA node
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
21. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
hemophilia
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
22. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
stroke volume
venous blood pressure
Baroreceptors
WBC
23. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
high osmolarity of tissues
ventricles
fats
Coronary veins
24. 2 ways to increase venous return
heart rate
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
chylomicrons
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
25. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
systolic blood pressure
venous blood pressure
varicose veins
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
26. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Na leak channels
27. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
basophil
systolic blood pressure
Coronary arteries
Functional syncytium
28. What is the direct cause of edema?
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
pulmonary circulation
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
29. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
B cells and T cells
atrioventricular valves
Ischemia
Baroreceptors
30. Fat storage cells of the body
Erythrocytes
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
adipocytes
31. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Glucose
Waste
ABO blood group
32. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
systemic circulation
venous return
veins
bone marrow
33. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
fibrin
systolic blood pressure
Ohm's law
Granulocytes
34. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
basophil
nutrients
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
hemostasis
35. 2 portal systems to know
SA node
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
systolic blood pressure
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
36. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Na leak channels
Tense
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
37. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
systemic arterial blood pressure
fats
Coronary veins
hemophilia
38. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries
hemophilia
systemic circulation
diastolic blood pressure
varicose veins
39. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Lipoproteins
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
hemostasis
40. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
varicose veins
Na leak channels
fibrin
2 components of antigens
41. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Erythrocytes
Functional syncytium
42. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
Repolarization of nodes
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Rh blood group
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
43. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Diastole is longer
serum
nutrients
44. Universal acceptor
Portal systems
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Functional syncytium
systemic circulation
45. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
coronary sinus
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
adrenergic tone
46. When do semilunar valves close?
pulse pressure
stroke volume
capillaries
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
47. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Glucose
coronary sinus
atrioventricular valves
Frank - Starling Effect
48. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
venous return
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
heart
fats
49. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
systolic blood pressure
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
WBC
Relaxed
50. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Platelet fxn
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
albumin