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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
Platelet fxn
Erythrocytes
Perfusion
macrophage
2. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Portal systems
Vagal Signal
hemophilia
Repolarization of nodes
3. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
atrioventricular valves
Fast Na channels
Peripheral resistance
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
4. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
high osmolarity of tissues
Relaxed
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Peripheral resistance
5. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Temperature or metabolic rate
pulse pressure
Platelet fxn
Vagal Signal
6. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Temperature or metabolic rate
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
7. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Repolarization of nodes
hypoxia
Waste
8. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
Vagal Signal
eosinophil
bicuspid (mitral) valve
9. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Slow Ca channels
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Erythropoetin
atria
10. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
nutrients
Internodal tract
albumin
Waste
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Intercalated discs
pulmonary circulation
Hemoglobin
12. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
Frank - Starling Effect
systemic arterial blood pressure
resistance
atria
13. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
Ischemia
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
B cells and T cells
14. 2 lymphocytes
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
B cells and T cells
Coronary veins
15. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
albumin
Perfusion
WBC
16. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
systolic blood pressure
Na leak channels
17. Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker?
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
AV node
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Granulocytes
18. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
amino acids and glucose
hypoxia
19. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
coronary sinus
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
basophil
20. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
cardiac output (L/min)
AV node
Vagal Signal
heart
21. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
fats
eosinophil
Fxn of circulatory system
Vagal Signal
22. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Thrombus
systemic circulation
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
fats
23. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
Slow Ca channels
AV node
bicuspid (mitral) valve
24. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
neutrophil
Right atrium
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
arteries
25. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
arteries
Inflammation
26. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
high osmolarity of tissues
heart rate
Spleen and liver
27. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Erythrocytes
Internodal tract
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
28. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
local autoregulation
Hemoglobin
Temperature or metabolic rate
Erythropoetin
29. When do Rh antibodies develop?
adrenergic tone
fats
bilirubin
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
30. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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31. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
Blood plasma
urea
Slow Ca channels
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
32. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
atria and ventricles
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
amino acids and glucose
varicose veins
33. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
high osmolarity of tissues
capillaries
Lipoproteins
heart rate
34. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
atrioventricular valves
fats
Spleen and liver
Na leak channels
35. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Valves of the venous system
T- tubules
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Blood plasma
36. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
Fxn of circulatory system
T- tubules
Peripheral resistance
arteries
37. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
eosinophil
Temperature or metabolic rate
Diastole
Sickle cell anemia
38. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
Systole
coronary sinus
bone marrow
neutrophil
39. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
chylomicrons
Cardiac muscle cells
Frank - Starling Effect
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
40. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
chylomicrons
Hepatic portal vein
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Repolarization of nodes
41. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Glucose
Coronary arteries
Tense
ABO blood group
42. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
capillaries
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
43. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
amino acids and glucose
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Portal systems
Frank - Starling Effect
44. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
hemostasis
ventricles
pulse pressure
hemophilia
45. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart
heart rate
WBC
Hemoglobin
46. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
megakaryocytes
Fast Na channels
hemophilia
47. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
adrenergic tone
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
stroke volume
coronary sinus
48. 2 ways to increase venous return
local autoregulation
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
WBC
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
49. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Temperature or metabolic rate
fibrinogen
50. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
atrioventricular valves
adipocytes
Vagal Signal
veins