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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Blood plasma
venous blood pressure
2. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Lipoproteins
veins
Diastole is longer
Coronary veins
3. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
varicose veins
hypoxia
Vagal Signal
4. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
high osmolarity of tissues
fibrinogen
pulmonary circulation
Ischemia
5. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
heart rate
Tense
macrophage
6. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
hemophilia
bone marrow
Thrombus
heart rate
7. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Erythropoetin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
8. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
high osmolarity of tissues
Lipoproteins
Hemoglobin
fibrin
9. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
Baroreceptors
Fast Na channels
basophil
Na leak channels
10. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
fibrinogen
Temperature or metabolic rate
venous return
11. Fat storage cells of the body
Hepatic portal vein
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Systole
adipocytes
12. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
adrenergic tone
diastolic blood pressure
Vagal Signal
13. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
macrophage
nutrients
Repolarization of nodes
Intercalated discs
14. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Ischemia
Capillaries
heart rate
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
15. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Tense
valves
16. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
cardiac output (L/min)
Frank - Starling Effect
Right atrium
tricuspid valve
17. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
serum
Spleen and liver
Coronary arteries
Cardiac muscle cells
18. Universal acceptor
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Ohm's law
fibrinogen
Hemoglobin
19. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
cardiac output (L/min)
Capillaries
venous return
20. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteries
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Repolarization of nodes
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
21. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels
basophil
Right atrium
Internodal tract
Repolarization of nodes
22. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
venous return
Coronary veins
Inflammation
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
23. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
resistance
Inflammation
Fast Na channels
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
24. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Vagal Signal
Diastole is longer
resistance
25. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Tense
chylomicrons
Hemoglobin
2 components of antigens
26. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
Cardiac muscle cells
Diastole is longer
Peripheral resistance
27. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Bundle of His
Waste
megakaryocytes
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
28. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Internodal tract
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
bilirubin
Peripheral resistance
29. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Cardiac muscle cells
neutrophil
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Portal systems
30. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
varicose veins
Perfusion
Glucose
31. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
oncotic pressure
veins
AV node
2 components of antigens
32. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
heart rate
bicuspid (mitral) valve
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
33. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
atrioventricular valves
Intercalated discs
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Ca channels
34. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Waste
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
macrophage
systemic circulation
35. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
high osmolarity of tissues
Granulocytes
36. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
capillaries
systemic arterial blood pressure
bone marrow
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
37. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Baroreceptors
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
38. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
bilirubin
urea
ABO blood group
neutrophil
39. When do Rh antibodies develop?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
high osmolarity of tissues
Erythrocytes
systolic blood pressure
40. 2 portal systems to know
Sickle cell anemia
Frank - Starling Effect
Capillaries
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
41. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Diastole is longer
Rh blood group
Peripheral resistance
42. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Repolarization of nodes
hemostasis
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
basophil
43. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
megakaryocytes
Erythrocytes
Peripheral resistance
atrioventricular valves
44. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
Perfusion
hemostasis
basophil
coronary sinus
45. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
Ca channels
Diastole
bilirubin
Erythropoetin
46. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Portal systems
Frank - Starling Effect
Baroreceptors
47. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
Perfusion
Portal systems
arteries
venous return
48. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
serum
stroke volume
arteries
49. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Fxn of circulatory system
Relaxed
heart
atria
50. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
macrophage
Internodal tract
Platelet fxn
Hemoglobin