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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Universal acceptor






2. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






3. Universal donor






4. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






5. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






6. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle






7. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






8. When do semilunar valves close?






9. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






10. Where do all components of the blood develop from?






11. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






12. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






13. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






14. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






15. 2 ways to increase venous return






16. Purpose of erythrocytes?






17. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries






18. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






19. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






20. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






21. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






22. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






23. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






24. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






25. 2 portal systems to know






26. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






27. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






28. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






29. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






30. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






31. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.






32. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






33. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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34. Number of systole contractions per unit time






35. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






36. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






37. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






38. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






39. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






40. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






41. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy






42. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






43. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






44. Fat storage cells of the body






45. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






46. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






47. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






48. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






49. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






50. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream