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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
adipocytes
Internodal tract
neutrophil
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
2. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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3. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
local autoregulation
Platelet fxn
ventricles
Ca channels
4. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Diastole
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
systolic blood pressure
Vagal Signal
5. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Ohm's law
WBC
hemophilia
chylomicrons
6. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Tense
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Waste
Frank - Starling Effect
7. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
macrophage
Frank - Starling Effect
systemic arterial blood pressure
atria and ventricles
8. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Erythrocytes
Peripheral resistance
Lipoproteins
Coronary arteries
9. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
B cells and T cells
Lipoproteins
Glucose
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
10. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
adipocytes
ventricles
Sickle cell anemia
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
11. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
atria
2 components of antigens
Na leak channels
Valves of the venous system
12. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
oncotic pressure
Erythrocytes
adrenergic tone
Functional syncytium
13. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Intercalated discs
oncotic pressure
Hepatic portal vein
valves
14. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
pulmonary circulation
15. When do Rh antibodies develop?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Ischemia
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
16. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
ventricles
Thrombus
atria
17. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Repolarization of nodes
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
coronary sinus
18. Universal donor
Portal systems
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
serum
19. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
serum
Relaxed
Erythrocytes
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
20. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
pulse pressure
Hepatic portal vein
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
atria
21. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
22. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft
heart
WBC
SA node
systemic arterial blood pressure
23. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
venous blood pressure
heart
Coronary veins
pulmonary circulation
24. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
AV node
Tense
Erythropoetin
fats
25. 2 portal systems to know
Baroreceptors
atrioventricular valves
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
diastolic blood pressure
26. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
veins
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Lipoproteins
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
27. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
local autoregulation
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
28. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
bone marrow
coronary sinus
pulmonary circulation
bicuspid (mitral) valve
29. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Diastole is longer
urea
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
pulse pressure
30. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
diastolic blood pressure
Bundle of His
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Hepatic portal vein
31. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
fibrinogen
Fast Na channels
urea
capillaries
32. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
tricuspid valve
systemic circulation
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
33. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Frank - Starling Effect
pulse pressure
Ischemia
34. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
Blood plasma
T- tubules
megakaryocytes
Right atrium
35. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
valves
Fast Na channels
Frank - Starling Effect
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
36. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
systolic blood pressure
fats
tricuspid valve
37. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
Sympathetic regulation of heart
stroke volume
SA node
38. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
Capillaries
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Intercalated discs
Sympathetic regulation of heart
39. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
T- tubules
venous return
albumin
Peripheral resistance
40. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Granulocytes
Hemoglobin
varicose veins
41. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
AV node
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
varicose veins
42. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
Capillaries
heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
43. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Slow Ca channels
fibrin
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
megakaryocytes
44. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Sympathetic regulation of heart
heart
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Diastole
45. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
pulse pressure
bone marrow
B cells and T cells
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
46. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
veins
pulmonary circulation
Blood plasma
47. Fat storage cells of the body
adipocytes
Hepatic portal vein
fats
amino acids and glucose
48. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
T- tubules
Inflammation
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
resistance
49. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials
Cardiac muscle cells
Systole
stroke volume
megakaryocytes
50. 2 chambers of the heart
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
pulse pressure
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
atria and ventricles