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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava
Hemoglobin
fibrin
heart
coronary sinus
2. Fat storage cells of the body
systolic blood pressure
Hepatic portal vein
adipocytes
T- tubules
3. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)
hypoxia
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Relaxed
ventricles
4. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns
coronary sinus
basophil
Portal systems
Hemoglobin
5. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
fibrinogen
venous return
Sickle cell anemia
Lipoproteins
6. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Bundle of His
systemic arterial blood pressure
Erythrocytes
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
7. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis
cardiac output (L/min)
Capillaries
macrophage
systemic arterial blood pressure
8. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
resistance
Fxn of circulatory system
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
systemic arterial blood pressure
9. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
hypoxia
Glucose
venous return
tricuspid valve
10. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
fats
Waste
nutrients
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
11. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
Coronary arteries
stroke volume
12. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
serum
Intercalated discs
bone marrow
Perfusion
13. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins
atria
Portal systems
Functional syncytium
venous return
14. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
Lipoproteins
Ca channels
high osmolarity of tissues
atria
15. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers
neutrophil
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
T- tubules
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
16. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
fats
high osmolarity of tissues
Perfusion
T- tubules
17. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
Vagal Signal
Erythrocytes
Tense
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
18. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
bone marrow
albumin
Inflammation
AV node
19. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Ischemia
Vagal Signal
Thrombus
basophil
20. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Na leak channels
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Slow Ca channels
2 components of antigens
21. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
pulse pressure
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
megakaryocytes
22. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
Vagal Signal
Erythropoetin
Inflammation
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
23. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart
systemic circulation
Inflammation
Thrombus
Slow Ca channels
24. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
Peripheral resistance
T- tubules
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
nutrients
25. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Internodal tract
Hepatic portal vein
systemic arterial blood pressure
26. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction
Granulocytes
Relaxed
stroke volume
Erythrocytes
27. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
venous return
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
28. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
B cells and T cells
Erythropoetin
fibrinogen
atrioventricular valves
29. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Glucose
hemostasis
fats
ventricles
30. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Platelet fxn
ABO blood group
31. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
Bundle of His
T- tubules
valves
Ca channels
32. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
megakaryocytes
neutrophil
Sympathetic regulation of heart
venous blood pressure
33. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Inflammation
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
34. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
urea
Peripheral resistance
Erythropoetin
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
35. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Fxn of circulatory system
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
pulmonary circulation
hemophilia
36. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
hypoxia
high osmolarity of tissues
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Thrombus
37. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
megakaryocytes
Systole
Hemoglobin
Blood plasma
38. 2 portal systems to know
WBC
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Sympathetic regulation of heart
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
39. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
Coronary arteries
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
arteries
local autoregulation
40. When do semilunar valves close?
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
pulmonary circulation
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
pulse pressure
41. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
T- tubules
atrioventricular valves
Blood plasma
veins
42. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
fibrinogen
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Internodal tract
43. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
Right atrium
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
44. 2 lymphocytes
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
B cells and T cells
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
45. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Intercalated discs
atria
Relaxed
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
46. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
atria and ventricles
bicuspid (mitral) valve
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
47. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
ventricles
Hepatic portal vein
basophil
48. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes
AV node
pulse pressure
Portal systems
Intercalated discs
49. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Hepatic portal vein
ventricles
neutrophil
50. When do Rh antibodies develop?
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart