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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
AV node
Slow Ca channels
Cardiac muscle cells
amino acids and glucose
2. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Granulocytes
Thrombus
Ohm's law
Platelet fxn
3. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
arteries
Diastole
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
cardiac output (L/min)
4. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
local autoregulation
Vagal Signal
coronary sinus
Hemoglobin
5. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
urea
Erythrocytes
B cells and T cells
coronary sinus
6. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste
serum
Coronary veins
AV node
Blood plasma
7. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
SA node
urea
Intercalated discs
8. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Rh blood group
atrioventricular valves
pulse pressure
Tense
9. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Relaxed
Systole
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Slow Ca channels
10. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
Slow Ca channels
serum
systemic arterial blood pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
11. 2 chambers of the heart
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
atria and ventricles
Glucose
Ohm's law
12. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
varicose veins
systemic arterial blood pressure
chylomicrons
13. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Rh blood group
venous blood pressure
macrophage
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
14. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Repolarization of nodes
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
serum
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
15. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Thrombus
AV node
bilirubin
16. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
Hepatic portal vein
Thrombus
megakaryocytes
Portal systems
17. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
venous blood pressure
high osmolarity of tissues
hypoxia
urea
18. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Diastole is longer
bicuspid (mitral) valve
serum
Relaxed
19. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
Na leak channels
Right atrium
Diastole is longer
stroke volume
20. What is the direct cause of edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Vagal Signal
Hepatic portal vein
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
21. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
Thrombus
diastolic blood pressure
Portal systems
22. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
Granulocytes
WBC
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
albumin
23. ABO blood group and Rh blood group
Repolarization of nodes
fibrinogen
2 components of antigens
nutrients
24. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
bone marrow
chylomicrons
albumin
25. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
capillaries
resistance
venous return
WBC
26. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
hypoxia
Ohm's law
systolic blood pressure
B cells and T cells
27. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
serum
venous return
Erythropoetin
Inflammation
28. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
neutrophil
Ca channels
Vagal Signal
Platelet fxn
29. Purpose of erythrocytes?
Erythrocytes
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
eosinophil
serum
30. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Frank - Starling Effect
Tense
Fast Na channels
31. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
valves
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
bone marrow
32. 2 ways to increase venous return
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
hemostasis
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
33. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Peripheral resistance
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
atria
34. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
venous blood pressure
Coronary veins
Ca channels
tricuspid valve
35. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
Diastole is longer
pulmonary circulation
Frank - Starling Effect
Functional syncytium
36. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Capillaries
macrophage
veins
Fxn of circulatory system
37. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
venous return
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
systemic arterial blood pressure
atria
38. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Granulocytes
Coronary arteries
atria
Hemoglobin
39. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
B cells and T cells
venous blood pressure
Vagal Signal
40. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
fibrinogen
Cardiac muscle cells
Lipoproteins
ventricles
41. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Fxn of circulatory system
Temperature or metabolic rate
Slow Ca channels
ventricles
42. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
Hepatic portal vein
amino acids and glucose
Internodal tract
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
43. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R
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44. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Valves of the venous system
Lipoproteins
megakaryocytes
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
45. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart
Coronary veins
Glucose
basophil
WBC
46. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Ischemia
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
B cells and T cells
fats
47. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
Vagal Signal
eosinophil
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
adrenergic tone
48. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
SA node
nutrients
heart
Functional syncytium
49. Where do all components of the blood develop from?
bone marrow
Repolarization of nodes
veins
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
50. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
adipocytes
Capillaries
Valves of the venous system
hypoxia