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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells
ventricles
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Granulocytes
2. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
Hepatic portal vein
Diastole
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Inflammation
3. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
systemic arterial blood pressure
Fast Na channels
Hemoglobin
2 components of antigens
4. 2 ways to increase venous return
adipocytes
valves
basophil
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
5. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
SA node
B cells and T cells
stroke volume
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
6. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Ohm's law
oncotic pressure
Diastole
Tense
7. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
nutrients
Ischemia
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
8. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
capillaries
nutrients
bilirubin
Granulocytes
9. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
Sickle cell anemia
systemic arterial blood pressure
Coronary veins
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
10. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries
albumin
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Fxn of circulatory system
Thrombus
11. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries
diastolic blood pressure
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
ventricles
albumin
12. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Blood plasma
Sickle cell anemia
Ca channels
13. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Na leak channels
atrioventricular valves
Glucose
14. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
chylomicrons
systolic blood pressure
macrophage
15. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
venous return
capillaries
bilirubin
16. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
pulmonary circulation
venous return
B cells and T cells
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
17. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
2 components of antigens
WBC
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Temperature or metabolic rate
18. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Bundle of His
neutrophil
hemostasis
19. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Slow Ca channels
coronary sinus
Frank - Starling Effect
20. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4
Erythrocytes
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
Intercalated discs
21. Flow of blood through a tissue
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
diastolic blood pressure
Perfusion
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
22. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Right atrium
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Diastole
veins
23. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall
Thrombus
WBC
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
chylomicrons
24. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction
hypoxia
Bundle of His
Relaxed
B cells and T cells
25. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
amino acids and glucose
2 components of antigens
26. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
Coronary arteries
Cardiac muscle cells
basophil
Functional syncytium
27. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins
Erythropoetin
serum
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Systole
28. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
hemostasis
Diastole
Inflammation
Systole
29. 2 portal systems to know
pulse pressure
adipocytes
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
30. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
tricuspid valve
Coronary veins
Relaxed
31. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
bicuspid (mitral) valve
atrioventricular valves
Blood plasma
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
32. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
capillaries
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Na leak channels
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
33. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
atrioventricular valves
Perfusion
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
megakaryocytes
34. Neural sympathetic input by postganglionic neuron of norepinephrine innervating arterial smooth muscle
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Peripheral resistance
Vagal Signal
adrenergic tone
35. Number of systole contractions per unit time
tricuspid valve
bilirubin
It has the most Na leak channels - allowing to reach threshold potential first; all other nodes leak - but rate at as quick of a rate
heart rate
36. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
Ohm's law
Bundle of His
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
37. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Fxn of circulatory system
Valves of the venous system
Diastole is longer
fibrinogen
38. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Right atrium
Diastole is longer
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
varicose veins
39. 2 lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
AV node
macrophage
fibrin
40. When do semilunar valves close?
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Baroreceptors
WBC
41. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Diastole is longer
Relaxed
fats
veins
42. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
Relaxed
B cells and T cells
macrophage
43. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
eosinophil
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Internodal tract
veins
44. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
eosinophil
Diastole
high osmolarity of tissues
45. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance
venous blood pressure
chylomicrons
bone marrow
Coronary arteries
46. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
nutrients
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
ventricles
47. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
fibrin
Fxn of circulatory system
48. Allow Na to leak across membrane - causing cell potential to get closer to threshold potential; allow threshold to be reached for Ca channels to open let Ca into the cell
bone marrow
Na leak channels
Coronary veins
Perfusion
49. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
valves
ABO blood group
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
adrenergic tone
50. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
Ca channels
Perfusion
hemophilia