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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






2. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






3. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






4. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






5. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






6. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






7. Mother has Rh - blood with Rh+ antibodies that attack the babies Rh+ blood






8. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate






9. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






10. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time






11. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






12. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft






13. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






14. Stretching to greater degree of heart muscle causes more forceful contraction; stretching increase occur by increasing fluid volume






15. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






16. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






17. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






18. Monocyte that phagocytoses debris and microorganisms - has amoeboid motility - and displays chemotaxis






19. Where are RBCs broken down?






20. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?






21. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






22. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






23. Reservoirs where blood collects from veins






24. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






25. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets






26. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






27. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node






28. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






29. Universal acceptor






30. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R


31. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






32. Purpose of erythrocytes?






33. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






34. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






35. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity






36. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer






37. Plasma that lacks clotting proteins






38. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






39. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins






40. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






41. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






42. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






43. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






44. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






45. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






46. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






47. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure






48. When do Rh antibodies develop?






49. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart






50. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft