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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar






2. Flow of blood through a tissue






3. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins






4. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






5. Absorbed by the GI tract and brought to the liver via the hepatic portal vein - where they are stored in the liver and enter the blood stream when needed






6. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2






7. Vessels where deoxygenated blood from coronary sinus continue to flow into heart






8. Adequate circulation - but O2 supply is reduced (no build up waste products or loss of nutrients)






9. Key proteins for the function of the immune system that are produced and released by B- cells






10. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles






11. Where blood passes through 2 sets of capillaries before returning to the heart; Evolved as direct transport routes






12. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low






13. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






14. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






15. Buffer in blood. Keeps pH around 7.4






16. 55% of whole blood that is composed of electrolytes - lipoproteins - sugars - buffer - and metabolic waste






17. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






18. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure






19. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?






20. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R


21. Resting membrane potential of -90mV and have long duration action potentials






22. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart






23. Amount of blood pumped w/ each systolic contraction






24. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle






25. The principle sugar in blood that maintains a relatively constant concentration for adequate nutrition






26. Flow from the heart to the rest of the body; pumped by the left side of the heart






27. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






28. Caused by closure of Ca channels and opening of K channels






29. Maximize entry of Ca into the cell by allowing entry of Ca extracellular environment; leads to contraction of actin - myosin fibers






30. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)






31. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding






32. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)






33. Ensure the one - way flow through the circulatory system






34. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle






35. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low






36. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2






37. Pump blood out of the heart at high pressures into arteries






38. The difference in pressure divided blood flow; controlled by the sympathetic nervous system generating adrenergic tone






39. AV valve between left atrium and left ventricle






40. Where are RBCs broken down?






41. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






42. Fat storage cells of the body






43. Glucose - amino acids - and fats






44. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






45. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction






46. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2






47. When do Rh antibodies develop?






48. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






49. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles






50. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver