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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the only process RBC use to generate ATP?
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Thrombus
pulmonary circulation
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
2. Which is longer - diastole or systole?
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Diastole is longer
Platelet fxn
Portal systems
3. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
Lipoproteins
Ischemia
Glucose
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
4. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
Erythropoetin
SA node
Hepatic portal vein
5. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
ventricles
arteries
eosinophil
Baroreceptors
6. Connected to SA node via internodal tract - and passes signal to Common bundle of His to contract ventricles
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
AV node
Vagal Signal
SA node
7. Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs - pumped by the right side of the heart
systemic circulation
Right atrium
pulmonary circulation
diastolic blood pressure
8. Osmotic pressure in capillaries due to plasma proteins
Rh blood group
oncotic pressure
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Inflammation
9. Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation (superior and inferior vena cava)
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
Perfusion
Systole
Right atrium
10. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Portal systems
atrioventricular valves
venous return
pulmonary circulation
11. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Erythrocytes
Repolarization of nodes
Thrombus
12. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Bundle of His
macrophage
veins
resistance
13. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
Valves of the venous system
megakaryocytes
Lipoproteins
Glucose
14. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Hepatic portal vein
Platelet fxn
Ca channels
valves
15. Universal donor
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
Functional syncytium
fibrin
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
16. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream
megakaryocytes
Thrombus
Waste
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
17. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
Relaxed
Granulocytes
urea
chylomicrons
18. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
amino acids and glucose
eosinophil
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
19. 2 chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
venous return
Hepatic portal vein
hemostasis
20. Inadequate blood flow - resulting in tissue damage due to shortage of O2 and nutrients - and increase of metabolic waste
Right atrium
Ischemia
Bundle of His
venous blood pressure
21. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels
hypoxia
ventricles
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
SA node
22. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Systole
nutrients
Cardiac muscle cells
adipocytes
23. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)
amino acids and glucose
Frank - Starling Effect
Tense
venous return
24. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting
systemic circulation
arteries
fibrinogen
hypoxia
25. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Lipoproteins
AV node
Tense
Capillaries
26. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction
stroke volume
Relaxed
Sympathetic regulation of heart
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
27. 2 ways to increase venous return
hemostasis
AV node
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
stroke volume
28. Valves between the large arteries and the ventricles
atrioventricular valves
Ischemia
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
29. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Inflammation
bilirubin
30. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Coronary veins
hemostasis
coronary sinus
pulmonary circulation
31. Site of exchange btw blood and tissues; smallest vessels that allow one RBC through at a time
Repolarization of nodes
WBC
capillaries
Ischemia
32. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
Rh blood group
Lipoproteins
atria
Repolarization of nodes
33. Hematocrit or RBC those compose 35-45% of the blood; cells are non - nucleated and have no organelles. Acquire ATP through glycolysis have biconcave shape to maximize surface area for binding O2
Erythrocytes
Waste
eosinophil
Third transportation of CO2 in the blood
34. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too low
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Vagal Signal
Thrombus
ventricles
35. Purpose of erythrocytes?
fibrinogen
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
primary bicarbonate generated from CO2.
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
36. Number of systole contractions per unit time
Fxn of circulatory system
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
heart rate
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
37. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
neutrophil
heart rate
pulmonary circulation
38. When do Rh antibodies develop?
WBC
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
Cardiac muscle cells
bone marrow
39. Fat storage cells of the body
varicose veins
Thrombus
systemic arterial blood pressure
adipocytes
40. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential
Valves of the venous system
Lipoproteins
Cardiac muscle cells
Fast Na channels
41. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?
cardiac output (L/min)
high osmolarity of tissues
atria and ventricles
Temperature or metabolic rate
42. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries
bicuspid (mitral) valve
systemic arterial blood pressure
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Coronary arteries
43. 2 lymphocytes
Fast Na channels
Na leak channels
Tense
B cells and T cells
44. Glycoproteins that are coded for by 3 alleles (A - B - i)
ABO blood group
resistance
SA node
AV node
45. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
Fxn of circulatory system
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
46. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
local autoregulation
Relaxed
systolic blood pressure
Blood plasma
47. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
Ischemia
macrophage
hemostasis
48. When the valve of a vein fails and back flow occurs; blood not being moved toward the heart
Waste
varicose veins
Perfusion
Internodal tract
49. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
Na leak channels
Erythropoetin
resistance
Diastole
50. Connects the two capillary beds of the intestine and the liver
Fxn of circulatory system
Hepatic portal vein
hemostasis
Na leak channels