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MCAT Biology Circulatory System

Subjects : mcat, health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Crosses septum and connects to Purkinje fibers to allow coordinated contraction of ventricles. Key is that is slows transmission across septum to allow ventricles to fully fill before contraction






2. Return of blood to the heart by the vena cava - where increased venous return causes increased stretching of the muscle (increases stroke volume)






3. Produced during cell metabolism and diffuses through the endothelial cells into the blood stream - where it is picked up by the liver and converted to forms that can be excreted (all other wastes are picked up by the kidneys)






4. Fat storage cells of the body






5. Heart rate *stroke volume= (units)






6. Pool of deoxygenated blood at low pressure - which collects blood from coronary veins - Only deoxygenated blood to not enter the right atrium via the vena cava






7. Lipoproteins that enter lacteal vessels of lymphatic system in the intestinal wall






8. The difference btw systolic and diastolic blood pressures






9. Pass through the capillaries in order to patrol the tissue for invading organisms; only macrophages and neutrophils can squeeze through cleft






10. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply






11. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow






12. 2 portal systems to know






13. Precursor to fibrin - which is necessary for blood clotting






14. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels






15. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high






16. What causes tendency of water flow out of blood?






17. Store and release histamine and are involved in allergic rxns






18. Breakdown product of the hemogloblin heme group






19. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin






20. Universal acceptor






21. Capillaries dilate - increasing the cleft size - which allows more H2O to move through to tissues






22. CO2 is soluble in H2O - and thus some is dissolved and carried to lungs and tissues in plasma - O2 is not soluble in plasma at all






23. 2 ways to increase venous return






24. Essentially 0 mmHg - which results b/c of branching of vessels dissipating pressure to overcome resistance






25. Which is longer - diastole or systole?






26. Voltage - gated channels that open quickly; open at threshold potential






27. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound






28. Region that initiates start of cardiac cycle - which acts as a pacemaker of the heart; has unstable resting potential due to Na leak channels






29. Protein that maintains oncotic pressure in capillaries






30. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?






31. Excessive bleeding that results from defective proteins






32. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues






33. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2






34. Blood clot or scab circulating in bloodstream






35. Gap junctions in the cardiac muscle - where depolarization is communicated directly btw cytoplasm of neighboring cardiac cells






36. As low as pressure gets btw heart beats in arteries






37. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels






38. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction






39. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis






40. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil






41. 2 chambers of the heart






42. Flow of blood through a tissue






43. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft






44. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3






45. Difference in pressure=blood flow (L/min)*resitance ^P=Q*R

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46. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow






47. Occurs when increased cardiac output is needed; the postganglionic nerve directly innervates the heart - releasing norepinephrine - increasing heart rate and force of contraction






48. When do semilunar valves close?






49. What is the most important plasma protein in the body? Why?






50. Force per unit area exerted by blood on walls of arteries