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Test your basic knowledge |
MCAT Biology Circulatory System
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
health-sciences
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Request by tissues to increase blood flow - where build up of metabolic waste causes arterioles to dialate
B cells and T cells
adipocytes
coronary sinus
local autoregulation
2. Is cardiac output the same or different btw the two ventricles?
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Repolarization of nodes
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
3. 2 ways to increase venous return
ABO blood group
amino acids and glucose
Bundle of His
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
4. Open when threshold is reached causing membrane potential to increase/depolarize; operate slower than Na channels
ABO blood group
eosinophil
Ca channels
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
5. 1. depolarization caused by fast Na channels - where action potential through intercalated discs reaches threshold potential - opening Na channels 2. initial depolarization with Na channels closing and k channels opening - but Ca channels also open 3
WBC
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
5 phases of cardiac muscle cell contraction
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
6. Large particles consisting of fats - cholesterol - and carrier proteins; transport lipids through the blood stream
Right atrium
Lipoproteins
Glucose
pulmonary circulation
7. Muscular pump that forces blood through series of branching vessels
heart
when person that is Rh - is exposed to blood that is Rh+
albumin b/c it provides the bulk of oncotic pressure in blood vessels - preventing edema
bone marrow
8. 2 lymphocytes
Cardiac muscle cells
fibrin
coronary sinus
B cells and T cells
9. Active form of fibrinogen - protein forms a mesh that holds platelet plug together to protect wound - ibrinogen is converted to (blank) by thrombin
fibrin
Spleen and liver
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
stroke volume
10. At the end of the capillary - is the osmotic pressure high or low?
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
Peripheral resistance
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
macrophage
11. Response by CNS when blood pressure is too high
hemostasis
Glucose
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
12. Highest blood pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction
Spleen and liver
hemophilia
systolic blood pressure
serum
13. Voltage - gated channels that stay open longer than Na channels and open later responsible for the plateau phase of cardiac muscle contraction
WBC
Erythropoetin
Slow Ca channels
Capillaries
14. Control of by ANS of rate of contraction through the Vagus nerve. Postganglionic release in SA node of ACH inhibits depolarization
bicuspid (mitral) valve
atria and ventricles
Vagal Signal
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
15. Neutrophil - eosinophil - and basophil
tricuspid valve
ventricles
Granulocytes
albumin
16. 3 factors that dictate the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
Temperature or metabolic rate
Inflammation
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Relaxed
17. 73% of CO2 converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase - and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate - which acts a buffer
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
capillaries
Bundle of His
Right atrium
18. Peptide hormone secreted from the kidneys to increase RBC production in bone marrow
Erythropoetin
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Ohm's law
adipocytes
19. Body's mechanism of preventing bleeding
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
hemostasis
1. increase total blood volume by retaining more H2O 2. Contraction of large veins - propelling blood toward the heart
20. Tissue which the cytoplasm of different cells communicate via gap junctions
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
Rh blood group
It is the same - otherwise it would lead to fluid backup
Functional syncytium
21. Transportation of blood though the body and exchange of material btw blood and tissues
Fxn of circulatory system
Functional syncytium
neutrophil
Perfusion
22. Confirmation of hemoglobin with O2 bound - where affinity is high 1. pH 2. pCO2 3.
Relaxed
T- tubules
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
atrioventricular valves
23. At position 6 - missense mutation substitutes valine for glutamate. valine is hydrophobic - where glutamate was charged. It is an autosomal recessive disease where RBCs accumulated in small vessels - heterozygote for (blank) shows resistance to malar
arteries
Sickle cell anemia
systemic circulation
ventricles
24. Valves between the ventricle and the atria to prevent back flow
Arterial pressure=ventricular pressure
atrioventricular valves
Systole
systolic blood pressure
25. Path where impulse travels from SA to AV node
ventricles
Internodal tract
Portal systems
Temperature or metabolic rate
26. Absorbed in the intestine and packaged in chylomicrons - which enter the lymphatic system - and dumped into the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct; the liver takes fats once in blood - converts them to another lipoprotein and sends them to adipocy
Hemolytic disease of a newborn
fats
pulmonary circulation
pulse pressure
27. 2 portal systems to know
hepatic portal system and hypothalamic - hypophosial portal system
Valves of the venous system
Blood plasma
atrioventricular valves
28. Confirmation of hemoglobin with no O2 bound - so it has low affinity
fats
Tense
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
Coronary arteries
29. Metabolic waste product in breakdown of amino acids
urea
Internodal tract
Diastole is longer
Baroreceptors
30. Aggregate at site of damage to a blood vessel and form a platelet plug to stop bleeding
Platelet fxn
bilirubin
Lipoproteins
Blood plasma
31. Filling of the ventricles by squeezing of the atria - marks the beginning of the 'dub' sound
tricuspid valve
Capillaries
Diastole
Intercalated discs
32. 20% transported stuck to hemoglobin; why increased pCO2 decreases affinity of O2
Right atrium
Frank - Starling Effect
Systole
Secondary transportation of CO2 in the blood
33. Contraction of the ventricles - where pressure increases rapidly - causing AV valves to close - Marks the beginning of the 'lub' sound
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries - which increases the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries into the interstitum
valves
Systole
High since the concentration of plasma proteins has increased due to movement of water
34. Receptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that notify CNS if blood pressure is high or low
2 components of antigens
hemophilia
Baroreceptors
Ohm's law
35. 3 substances that can diffuse through intercellular cleft
Diastole is longer
nutrients - wastes - and WBC
Temperature or metabolic rate
hemostasis
36. AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
local autoregulation
pulmonary circulation
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
tricuspid valve
37. Purpose of erythrocytes?
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
to transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
B cells and T cells
2 components of antigens
38. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
veins
atria and ventricles
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
Repolarization of nodes
39. Destroy parasites and are involved in allergic rxns
eosinophil
Cardiac muscle cells
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
glycolysis. RBC have no ETC - FA oxidation - or TCA cycle
40. Glucose - amino acids - and fats
Glucose
nutrients
serum
systemic circulation
41. Protein in RBC that transport O2 though the blood since O2 is too hydrophobic in plasma; protein has 4 subunits that change confirmation cooperatively depending on the concentration of O2
Diastole is longer
valves
Hemoglobin
T- tubules
42. First branches from the aorta that provide the heart's blood supply
high osmolarity of tissues
local autoregulation
Coronary arteries
hemophilia
43. Because the veins have essentially 0 pressure - these valves ensure one - way flow - skeletal muscle contraction encourages flow through veins
Relaxed
systemic circulation
hemostasis
Valves of the venous system
44. Bone marrow cells that give rise to RBC and platelets
megakaryocytes
AB+ since no antibodies are made to any blood type
serum
Primary transportation fo CO2 in the blood
45. Rh factor that follows dominant pattern (Rh+ in heterozygote)
high osmolarity of tissues
amino acids and glucose
Intercalated discs
Rh blood group
46. Phagocytose bacteria resulting in pus; amoeboid motility and chemotaxis
varicose veins
Diastole is longer
capillaries
neutrophil
47. Universal donor
2 components of antigens
O- since there are no surface antigens for antibodies to bind to...
SA node
fats
48. Opposing friction force to flow - which increases with decreased radius; determined by degree of contraction of arterial smooth muscle
resistance
Sympathetic regulation of heart
venous blood pressure
Cardiac muscle cells
49. Number of systole contractions per unit time
heart rate
CNS decreases vagal signal and sympathetic input increases
Erythrocytes
increase vagal signal and inhibits sympathetic input
50. Have single layer endothelial cells w/ spaces in between cells called intercellular cleft
Diastole
Lipoproteins
Internodal tract
Capillaries