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MCAT Chemistry

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The area of chemistry that is concerned with reaction rates and reaction mechanisms






2. A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion






3. A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern.






4. 1913 - Niels Bohr - said that electrons formed specific layers instead or random ones - said atoms atoms absorb and give off energy when the electrons move from one shell to another






5. Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated






6. The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant






7. Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons +2 ions - Magnesium Mg






8. An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge






9. Small discrete increments of energy.






10. The process by which a gas escapes from one container to another at lower pressure through a tiny hole in the container.






11. Halogens; ns2np5 - - 2nd most reactive group - The Halogens; very active because of need to fill; form -1 ions; 7 electrons in valence shell; tend to form salts with elements from groups 1A and 2A






12. Large molecular structures - strong covalent bonding - share qualities of IONIC And COVALENT






13. A physical property of a solution that depends on the number - but not the identity - of the disswolved solute particles; example properties include vapor pressure lowering - boiling point elevation - osmotic pressure - and frezzing point depression






14. A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist






15. A substance that - when dissolved in water - results in a solution that can conduct electricity






16. 2.18 x 10^-18 J/electron






17. Product of the molar concentrations of dissociated ions in solution at saturation - where each ion is raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient. Denoted Ksp.






18. Mixture of 2 or more substances that distills at a constant temperature and with constant composition - even though seperately the components have different boiling points






19. Second quantum number - designated by the letter 'l.' This 'angular momentum' refers to the subshells within each principle quantum energy level. It can take on the value of an integer in the 0 to (n -1) range. The four subshellscorresponding to l=0






20. When a solute is dissolved in a solvent - it will dissociate until reaching an equilibrium point at which the rate of dissociation equals the rate of precipitation of the solute - regardless of any additional solute introduced into the mixture






21. Named after their cation and anion






22. The average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms






23. Standard Temperature and Pressure. 273 Kelvin (0 Celsius) - 1 atmosphere (760 torr - 760 kPA).






24. Expression of auto - ionization of water into H+ and OH- at a certain temperature - given by the product of the ions' molar concentrations. Denoted by Kw and equal to 10-






25. Acids defined as electron - pair acceptors and bases as electron - pair donors.






26. Property of the elements that can be predicted from the arrangement of the periodic table






27. The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms






28. A fundamental constant - h - that relates the energy of light quanta to their frequency: h = 6.6 X 10^-34 joule

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29. A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms - resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge






30. An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH






31. 4 valence electrons +4 - -4 ions. - Carbon Group can form covalent bonds with nonmetals. Only carbon forms strong pi bonds






32. The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage; a measure of the efficiency of a reaction






33. Systematic pairing of a deprotonated species (base) with its protonated form (conjugate acid). Conjugates appear on opposite sides of a chemical equation.






34. An atom - radical - or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge






35. The vapor pressure of solution is the product of the mole fraction of the solvent and the vapor pressure of the pure solvent. P_a=X_aP_total

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36. PH=pka+log[base/acid] Used in titration based problems that relates the pH or pOH of a solution to the pK and the ratio of the dissociated species.






37. A reaction where a compound does Not change its molecular structure.






38. One - half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined






39. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start; also called free energy of activation.






40. (physics) the smallest discrete quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory) E=hf






41. The molar amount of a solute that can dissolve in 1L of solvent until equilibrium - saturation - is reached






42. An element in an 'A' group in the periodic table; as a group these elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. In their atoms - the s and p sublevels in the highest occupied energy level are partially filled






43. Theory stating that the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the number of collisions that take place between reactants per second.






44. Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas - usually eight valence electrons






45. (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance






46. The quantum number that indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron. Can theoretically take on any positive interger. Denoted by the letter n.






47. Contains nonmetals that are non - reactive. Full outermost energy level except helium which has 2.






48. (chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles






49. A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single substance A+B>>>>>>>C






50. (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight