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MCAT Chemistry

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated






2. PH=pka+log[base/acid] Used in titration based problems that relates the pH or pOH of a solution to the pK and the ratio of the dissociated species.






3. Systematic pairing of a deprotonated species (base) with its protonated form (conjugate acid). Conjugates appear on opposite sides of a chemical equation.






4. The formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron pair donor and an electron pair acceptor






5. Contains nonmetals - 7 valence electrons in it's outermost energy level. Very reactive






6. Halogens; ns2np5 - - 2nd most reactive group - The Halogens; very active because of need to fill; form -1 ions; 7 electrons in valence shell; tend to form salts with elements from groups 1A and 2A






7. The reaction of the ions that characterize acids and the ions that characterize bases to form water molecules and a salt






8. A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms - resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge






9. Spectrum of certain absorbed wavelengths of light corresponding to an atom's spectrum of emitted frequencies of light. Unique to each element. AAS can be used to indentify an element.






10. The lowest allowable energy state of an atom






11. A definite stable energy that a physical system can have






12. The slowest elementary step which is the limit for the rate of the other steps






13. (physics) the smallest discrete quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory) E=hf






14. Mixture of 2 or more substances that distills at a constant temperature and with constant composition - even though seperately the components have different boiling points






15. A structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds.






16. Rare earth element group (elements 58-71)






17. A dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system






18. The weight in grams of compound that can be substituted by 1 atom of Hydrogen. GEW = MW / # of acidic Hyrdogens






19. One - half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined






20. A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern.






21. A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single substance A+B>>>>>>>C






22. Gram equivalent weight of solute per liter of solution - often denoted by N.






23. The process by which a gas escapes from one container to another at lower pressure through a tiny hole in the container.






24. Attractions between molecules caused by the electron motion on one molecule affecting the electron motion on the other through electrical forces; these are the weakest interactions between molecules






25. An emperimentally determined mathmatical expression showing the rate of a reaction as a function of the concentration of its reactants






26. Nh/2p The angular momentum changes only in discete amounts with respect to the quantum number. Also E=- R_h/n^2






27. Attractive and repulsive forces between molecules that are weaker than forces within molecules.






28. Expression of auto - ionization of water into H+ and OH- at a certain temperature - given by the product of the ions' molar concentrations. Denoted by Kw and equal to 10-






29. Have the shape of a sphere - with the center of the sphere at the nucleus; completely symmetrical along all axes; 1s orbital is spherically symmetric and has no nodes; 2s orbital is also spherical but contains a node and is higher in energy






30. 4 valence electrons +4 - -4 ions. - Carbon Group can form covalent bonds with nonmetals. Only carbon forms strong pi bonds






31. The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase






32. A reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound






33. At a constant pressure - the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportinal to its temperature: V (a) T

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34. Small discrete increments of energy.






35. A measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete






36. The process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances






37. Product of the molar concentrations of dissociated ions in solution at saturation - where each ion is raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient. Denoted Ksp.






38. (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance






39. Keq describes the ratio of product concentration to reactant concentration - with each raised to the power corresponding ot its coefficient ion in the balanced equation






40. An atom - radical - or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge






41. Defined acids as subtsances that produced H ions in water - while bases produced OH ions. When they reacted together - H and OH neutralise to make water






42. The amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon -12






43. The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms






44. Charge assigned to an atom in a molecule or polyatmic ion - calculated by (# valence electrons) - (# 1/2 bonding electrons) - (# nonbonding electrons). Molecules containing atoms with lower formal charges tend to be more stable than those with higher






45. A model of acids and bases which an acid is hydrogen ion donor and base is a hydrogen ion acceptor.






46. A solution in which water is the solvent






47. The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage; a measure of the efficiency of a reaction






48. The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom (actual charge minus the shielding caused by inner shells: Z- eff)






49. An element in an 'A' group in the periodic table; as a group these elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. In their atoms - the s and p sublevels in the highest occupied energy level are partially filled






50. Have three valance electrons. In certain instances - some elements will loose three electrons - but they will also share electrons with another element to attain stability.