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MCAT Chemistry

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Halogens; ns2np5 - - 2nd most reactive group - The Halogens; very active because of need to fill; form -1 ions; 7 electrons in valence shell; tend to form salts with elements from groups 1A and 2A






2. The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant






3. Side - to side parallel orbitals overlap to share electrons - the 2nd/3rd covalent bond between two atoms - cannot rotate and maintain the bond.






4. Charge assigned to an atom in a molecule or polyatmic ion - calculated by (# valence electrons) - (# 1/2 bonding electrons) - (# nonbonding electrons). Molecules containing atoms with lower formal charges tend to be more stable than those with higher






5. An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge






6. A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion






7. The area of chemistry that is concerned with reaction rates and reaction mechanisms






8. The molar amount of a solute that can dissolve in 1L of solvent until equilibrium - saturation - is reached






9. Spectrum of certain absorbed wavelengths of light corresponding to an atom's spectrum of emitted frequencies of light. Unique to each element. AAS can be used to indentify an element.






10. A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single substance A+B>>>>>>>C






11. An element in an 'A' group in the periodic table; as a group these elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. In their atoms - the s and p sublevels in the highest occupied energy level are partially filled






12. The weight in grams of one mole of a given elementand is expressedin tems of grams per mole.






13. Slightly less reactive than alkali metals - comprise group II






14. A solution in which water is the solvent






15. The hypothetical equation showing only the species that is oxidized or reduced in a redox reaction and the correct number of electrons transferred between the species in the complete - balanced equation.






16. (chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance






17. Play- by- play showing the individual steps of a reaction - including the formation and destruction of any reaction intermediates that may occur.






18. When a solute is dissolved in a solvent - it will dissociate until reaching an equilibrium point at which the rate of dissociation equals the rate of precipitation of the solute - regardless of any additional solute introduced into the mixture






19. One - half of the distance between the center of identical atoms that are not bonded together. Since effective nuclear charge increases when moving from left to right each additional electron is pulled more strogly toward the nucleus.






20. The quantum number that has only two possible values - +1/2 and -1/2 - which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital






21. E=hc/?






22. A naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers






23. A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist






24. The weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from the small - instantaneous dipoles that occur because of the varying positions of the electrons during their motion about nuclei






25. The process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances






26. 2.18 x 10^-18 J/electron






27. The molar solubility of one salt is reduced when another salt - having a common ion is brought into the same solution






28. The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms






29. An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH






30. A reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound






31. The weight in grams of compound that can be substituted by 1 atom of Hydrogen. GEW = MW / # of acidic Hyrdogens






32. Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas - usually eight valence electrons






33. The amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon -12






34. A substance that - when dissolved in water - results in a solution that can conduct electricity






35. 1913 - Niels Bohr - said that electrons formed specific layers instead or random ones - said atoms atoms absorb and give off energy when the electrons move from one shell to another






36. A subdivision of an energy level in an atom. They are divided into orbitals.






37. Expression of auto - ionization of water into H+ and OH- at a certain temperature - given by the product of the ions' molar concentrations. Denoted by Kw and equal to 10-






38. An emperimentally determined mathmatical expression showing the rate of a reaction as a function of the concentration of its reactants






39. Set of spectral lines appearing in the UV region when a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from energy levels n>1 to n=1.






40. When dipoles are dissolved in a solution where ions are present ions wil arrange themselves with the opposite charged end of the dipole.






41. The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom (actual charge minus the shielding caused by inner shells: Z- eff)






42. An atom - ion - or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond.






43. An equilibrium expression used to measure weak - acid strength - given by the ratio of the product of the products' molar concentrations to the product of the reactants' molar concentrations - with each term raised to the power of its stoichiometric






44. Named after their cation and anion






45. PH of a molecule at which it contains no net electric charge - isoelectric point.






46. The reaction of the ions that characterize acids and the ions that characterize bases to form water molecules and a salt






47. A chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms






48. At a constant pressure - the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportinal to its temperature: V (a) T

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49. The process by which a gas escapes from one container to another at lower pressure through a tiny hole in the container.






50. (chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles