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MCAT Chemistry

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (chemistry) the sum of the relative atomic masses of the constituent atoms of a molecule






2. 1913 - Niels Bohr - said that electrons formed specific layers instead or random ones - said atoms atoms absorb and give off energy when the electrons move from one shell to another






3. The intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule






4. Have the shape of a sphere - with the center of the sphere at the nucleus; completely symmetrical along all axes; 1s orbital is spherically symmetric and has no nodes; 2s orbital is also spherical but contains a node and is higher in energy






5. Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds






6. Systematic pairing of a deprotonated species (base) with its protonated form (conjugate acid). Conjugates appear on opposite sides of a chemical equation.






7. The weight in grams of one mole of a given elementand is expressedin tems of grams per mole.






8. States that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and momentum of an electron or any other particle






9. The average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms






10. Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution






11. The lowest allowable energy state of an atom






12. An element in an 'A' group in the periodic table; as a group these elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. In their atoms - the s and p sublevels in the highest occupied energy level are partially filled






13. A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms - resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge






14. Sum of the protons and neutrons in an element often denoted by the letter A






15. The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells - structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities






16. (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance C>>>>A+B






17. Having characteristics of both an acid and a base and capable of reacting as either






18. Chalcogens - - Oxide O






19. When a solute is dissolved in a solvent - it will dissociate until reaching an equilibrium point at which the rate of dissociation equals the rate of precipitation of the solute - regardless of any additional solute introduced into the mixture






20. Side - to side parallel orbitals overlap to share electrons - the 2nd/3rd covalent bond between two atoms - cannot rotate and maintain the bond.






21. When dipoles are dissolved in a solution where ions are present ions wil arrange themselves with the opposite charged end of the dipole.






22. 5 valence electrons -3 ions - Nitride N






23. A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist






24. 5 different orbitals shaped like clover leaves and max electrons is 10






25. Have three valance electrons. In certain instances - some elements will loose three electrons - but they will also share electrons with another element to attain stability.






26. The quantum number that indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron. Can theoretically take on any positive interger. Denoted by the letter n.






27. The sum of the exponents in a rate law - where each exponent provides the reaction order with respect to its reactants






28. The tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with another element






29. A set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves given off by atoms of an element; consists of a series of fine lines of individual colors






30. A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule






31. An atom - radical - or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge






32. Second quantum number - designated by the letter 'l.' This 'angular momentum' refers to the subshells within each principle quantum energy level. It can take on the value of an integer in the 0 to (n -1) range. The four subshellscorresponding to l=0






33. The process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances






34. A model of acids and bases which an acid is hydrogen ion donor and base is a hydrogen ion acceptor.






35. States that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium - the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress.






36. An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge






37. The process by which a gas escapes from one container to another at lower pressure through a tiny hole in the container.






38. A measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete






39. Spectrum of certain absorbed wavelengths of light corresponding to an atom's spectrum of emitted frequencies of light. Unique to each element. AAS can be used to indentify an element.






40. The molar amount of a solute that can dissolve in 1L of solvent until equilibrium - saturation - is reached






41. Any sample of a given compound will contain the same elements in the identical mass ratio.






42. A reaction where a compound does Not change its molecular structure.






43. The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start; also called free energy of activation.






44. Standard Temperature and Pressure. 273 Kelvin (0 Celsius) - 1 atmosphere (760 torr - 760 kPA).






45. An acid that will completely dissociate in aqueous solution - like HCl - HI - HClO4 HBr.






46. PH=pka+log[base/acid] Used in titration based problems that relates the pH or pOH of a solution to the pK and the ratio of the dissociated species.






47. A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table






48. (chemistry) p(otential of) H(ydrogen)






49. One - half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined






50. Charge assigned to an atom in a molecule or polyatmic ion - calculated by (# valence electrons) - (# 1/2 bonding electrons) - (# nonbonding electrons). Molecules containing atoms with lower formal charges tend to be more stable than those with higher