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MCAT Chemistry

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table






2. Acids defined as electron - pair acceptors and bases as electron - pair donors.






3. Halogens; ns2np5 - - 2nd most reactive group - The Halogens; very active because of need to fill; form -1 ions; 7 electrons in valence shell; tend to form salts with elements from groups 1A and 2A






4. A definite stable energy that a physical system can have






5. 1913 - Niels Bohr - said that electrons formed specific layers instead or random ones - said atoms atoms absorb and give off energy when the electrons move from one shell to another






6. Any sample of a given compound will contain the same elements in the identical mass ratio.






7. The molar solubility of one salt is reduced when another salt - having a common ion is brought into the same solution






8. 2.18 x 10^-18 J/electron






9. A pair of equal and opposite electric charges or magnetic poles separated by a small distance






10. The process by which a gas escapes from one container to another at lower pressure through a tiny hole in the container.






11. A dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system






12. Product of the molar concentrations of dissociated ions in solution at any point in the reaction other than equilibrium or saturation - where each ion is raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient. Denoted IP.






13. Sol - a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound






14. A naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers






15. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory - stating that the three - dimensional molecular geometry about some central atom is determined by the elctronic repulsion between its bonding and nonbonding electron pairs.






16. An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH






17. Common definition of acids as proton (H+) donors and bases as proton acceptors






18. Resulting positive nuclear charge an outer electron senses after accounting for the shielding effect of inner core electrons. Abbreviated as Z(eff). Increases from left to right - and bottom to top on the Periodic Table.






19. The vapor pressure of solution is the product of the mole fraction of the solvent and the vapor pressure of the pure solvent. P_a=X_aP_total

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20. 5 different orbitals shaped like clover leaves and max electrons is 10






21. Having characteristics of both an acid and a base and capable of reacting as either






22. A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern.






23. An acid that will completely dissociate in aqueous solution - like HCl - HI - HClO4 HBr.






24. The hypothetical equation showing only the species that is oxidized or reduced in a redox reaction and the correct number of electrons transferred between the species in the complete - balanced equation.






25. Defined acids as subtsances that produced H ions in water - while bases produced OH ions. When they reacted together - H and OH neutralise to make water






26. (chemistry) the sum of the relative atomic masses of the constituent atoms of a molecule






27. The area of chemistry that is concerned with reaction rates and reaction mechanisms






28. Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas - usually eight valence electrons






29. Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution






30. A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist






31. Systematic pairing of a deprotonated species (base) with its protonated form (conjugate acid). Conjugates appear on opposite sides of a chemical equation.






32. Rare earth element group (elements 58-71)






33. A solution in which water is the solvent






34. A reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound






35. (chemistry) a series from actinium to lawrencium of 15 radioactive elements with increasing atomic numbers






36. (chemistry) p(otential of) H(ydrogen)






37. An element in an 'A' group in the periodic table; as a group these elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. In their atoms - the s and p sublevels in the highest occupied energy level are partially filled






38. An emperimentally determined mathmatical expression showing the rate of a reaction as a function of the concentration of its reactants






39. Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated






40. The amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of limiting reactant






41. States that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium - the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress.






42. 4 valence electrons +4 - -4 ions. - Carbon Group can form covalent bonds with nonmetals. Only carbon forms strong pi bonds






43. A subdivision of an energy level in an atom. They are divided into orbitals.






44. (physics) the smallest discrete quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory) E=hf






45. Have three valance electrons. In certain instances - some elements will loose three electrons - but they will also share electrons with another element to attain stability.






46. The process of decomposing a chemical compound by the passage of an electric current.






47. The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom (actual charge minus the shielding caused by inner shells: Z- eff)






48. Theory stating that the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the number of collisions that take place between reactants per second.






49. The sum of the exponents in a rate law - where each exponent provides the reaction order with respect to its reactants






50. Structure that occurs when it is possible to draw two or more valid electron dot structures that have the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion