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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
stereoisomers
electrophile
ethers
Alkyne
2. Carbon double bonded to an oxygen
Haloalkane
carbonyl
hybridization
chiral center
3. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
halogenation
geminal
triple bond
electrophilic addition of H2O
4. Solvents with protons in solution - e.g. water or alcohol. large atoms tend to be better nucleophiles in here because they can shed the solvating protons around them and are more polarizable
electrophilic addition of H2O
electrophilic addition
ozonolysis
protic solvent
5. Diols with hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon
diol
electrophilic addition of H2O
vicinal
reducing
6. Name for ethanal
acetaldehyde
primary carbon
electrophilic addition of HX
enantiomer
7. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid
molecular orbital
diastereomers
specific rotation
mcpba
8. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal
pi bond
stereoisomers
aldehyde
lindlar's catalyst
9. One s and two p 120 degree apart
achiral
sp2
oxidation
geminal
10. Nonsuperimposable mirror image of chiral objects - a specific steroisomer.
diastereomers
basicity
acetaldehyde
enantiomer
11. Steps of free radical substitution
oxidizing
initiation propagation termination
sp
markovnikov's rule
12. Alkene oxidized with this - strong oxidizing agent. CH3CO3H or mcpba and it makes epoxide or oxirane
optical activity
peroxycarboxylic acid
electrophilic addition of X2
Alkane nomenclature
13. Methyl are 60 degrees apart. kinda stable
halogenation
sigma bond
acetaldehyde
gauche conformation
14. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
propionaldehyde
pi bond
alcohol
diastereomers
15. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
sigma bond
ionic bond
amines
oxidizing
16. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
gauche conformation
disproportionation
propionaldehyde
fischer projection
17. Compounds with halogen
molecular orbital
Haloalkane
meso compound
chiral
18. Iso - neo - cyclo
not ignored
propionaldehyde
molecular orbital
Alkane
19. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
Haloalkane
specific rotation
structural isomers
chiral center
20. Chain of carbons connected by single bonds with hydrogen atoms attached.
molecular orbital
Alkane
conformational isomer
saturated hydrocarbon
21. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
absolute configuration
sp
nucleophile
diol
22. Di - tri - t - sec - n -
vicinal
electrophilic addition of free radicals
ozonolysis
Ignored
23. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers
2^n
enantiomer
quantum numbers
ethers
24. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
diastereomers
geminal
diol
angle strain
25. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
electrophilic addition of free radicals
electrophilic addition of X2
relative configuration
26. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
eclipsed conformation
molecular orbital
electrophilic addition of X2
alcohol
27. Charged - need electrons
electrophile
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
Alkane nomenclature
primary carbon
28. O3
ozonolysis
configuration
potassium permanganate
not ignored
29. Name for mathanal
not ignored
electrophilic addition of X2
reducing
formaldehyde
30. Same molecular formula but different structure
eclipsed conformation
isomer
aprotic solvent
geminal
31. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
ketone
initiation propagation termination
alcohol
pyrolysis
32. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
Haloalkane
formaldehyde
absolute configuration
halogenation
33. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
diastereomers
Alkane
vicinal
Alkene
34. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes
electrophilic addition of H2O
not ignored
alkyne
pyrolysis
35. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
carbonyl
carboxylic acid
diol
racemic mixture
36. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
ring flip
methylene
Combustion
ionic bond
37. Most favorable of staggared conformations
anti conformation
stereoisomers
vicinal
basicity
38. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
saturated hydrocarbon
absolute configuration
y- root - en -x-yne
Combustion
39. When a molecular orbital is formed head to head or tail to tail. all single bonds are tehese.
angle strain
quantum numbers
sigma bond
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
40. Cleaves double bond in half - it only oxidizes the carbon to an aldehyde under reducing conditions. if ozidizing make same product as KMNO4
quantum numbers
halogenation
not ignored
ozonolysis
41. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol
geminal
not ignored
electrophilic addition of H2O
protic solvent
42. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution
hydroboration
fischer projection
halogenation
amines
43. What are the best leaving groups?
stereoisomers
weak bases
Acetylene
nucleophile
44. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
fischer projection
electrophilic addition of X2
allyl
eclipsed conformation
45. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
molecular orbital
Alkyne
aldehyde
torsional strain
46. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced
geometric isomers
hydroboration
electrophilic addition
covalent bond
47. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry
ozonolysis
Haloalkane
meso compound
Acetylene
48. Is bonded to only one other carbon atom
specific rotation
primary carbon
markovnikov's rule
eclipsed conformation
49. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans
ketone
gauche conformation
electrophilic addition of X2
formaldehyde
50. Name for propanal
ring flip
hydroboration
geminal
propionaldehyde
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