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MCAT Organic Chemistry

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same






2. Cleaves double bond in half - it only oxidizes the carbon to an aldehyde under reducing conditions. if ozidizing make same product as KMNO4






3. Common name for ethyne






4. F - CL - Br - I






5. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced






6. Is bonded to only one other carbon atom






7. Steps of free radical substitution






8. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.






9. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule






10. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.






11. Reaction of alkane with oxygen to form carbon dioxide - water and heat.






12. Most favorable of staggared conformations






13. Solvents with protons in solution - e.g. water or alcohol. large atoms tend to be better nucleophiles in here because they can shed the solvating protons around them and are more polarizable






14. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-






15. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition






16. What are the best leaving groups?






17. N - l - ml - ms






18. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition






19. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol






20. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers






21. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.






22. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry






23. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.






24. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc






25. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O






26. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane






27. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image






28. Di - tri - t - sec - n -






29. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.






30. Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon carbon triple bond






31. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.






32. Same molecular formula but different structure






33. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer






34. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity






35. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene






36. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process






37. Charged - need electrons






38. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans






39. Kmno4






40. Alphabetical order of alkane rxn






41. One s and two p 120 degree apart






42. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.






43. Nonterminal alkenes are cleaved to form two molar equivalent of carvoxylic acid ..make keton






44. Two p orbital form pi and third p orbital combine with s to make two sp hybrid. 180 degree apart






45. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.






46. Name for ethanal






47. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain






48. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen






49. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal






50. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes







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