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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Three different substitutents often have plane of symmetry. and rotation of 180 will allow molecule to be superimposed on mirror image
achiral
initiation propagation termination
aldehyde
ozonolysis
2. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
electrophile
configuration
halogen
y- root - en -x-yne
3. Not solvated
aprotic solvent
reducing
vicinal
markovnikov's rule
4. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc
oxidation
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
relative configuration
ethers
5. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
Alkane nomenclature
oxidation
Haloalkane
relative configuration
6. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
electrophilic addition of HX
Ignored
ring strain
reducing
7. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
hydroboration
chiral
reducing
absolute configuration
8. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
optical activity
reducing
structural isomers
catalytic hydrogenation
9. Methyl are 60 degrees apart. kinda stable
amines
molecular orbital
potassium permanganate
gauche conformation
10. Lowest priority group projects into the page
polymerization
fischer projection
methylene
ketone
11. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
electrophilic addition
geminal
ozonolysis
structural isomers
12. One s and two p 120 degree apart
aprotic solvent
2^n
propionaldehyde
sp2
13. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes
protic solvent
relative configuration
pyrolysis
eclipsed conformation
14. Zn/h or CH3/s with ozonolysis
catalytic hydrogenation
structural isomers
carbonyl
reducing
15. Monosubstituted ethylene
isomer
chiral
basicity
Vinyl
16. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
configuration
eclipsed conformation
alcohol
chiral center
17. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule
vicinal
lindlar's catalyst
ring strain
electrophilic addition of HX
18. Carbon double bonded to an oxygen
carbonyl
covalent bond
ring flip
acetaldehyde
19. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers
hybridization
covalent bond
alkyne
2^n
20. When boat flips
ring flip
sp3
oxidation
conformational isomer
21. Compounds with halogen
ionic bond
Haloalkane
methylene
Combustion
22. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
mcpba
ketone
triple bond
enantiomer
23. Is bonded to only one other carbon atom
primary carbon
absolute configuration
markovnikov's rule
reducing
24. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
gauche conformation
aprotic solvent
ozonolysis
oxidizing
25. What are the best leaving groups?
gauche conformation
weak bases
quantum numbers
triple bond
26. Formed by mixing different types of orbitals
hybridization
ring flip
protic solvent
amines
27. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
electrophilic addition of X2
not ignored
protic solvent
diastereomers
28. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced
diol
hydroboration
nucleophile
electrophilic addition of X2
29. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
anti conformation
hydroboration
stereoisomers
oxidation
30. Differ in position of substitutents attached to a double bond or cycloalkane. Cis or trans or e or z
angle strain
nonbonded strain
geometric isomers
electrophilic addition of X2
31. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
ozonolysis
disproportionation
2^n
propionaldehyde
32. Two p orbital form pi and third p orbital combine with s to make two sp hybrid. 180 degree apart
potassium permanganate
specific rotation
sigma bond
sp
33. Name for ethanal
optical activity
electrophile
acetaldehyde
markovnikov's rule
34. Sharing of electron between atoms
Combustion
Vinyl
propionaldehyde
covalent bond
35. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
specific rotation
oxidation
ethers
optical activity
36. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.
polymerization
enantiomer
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
molecular orbital
37. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
sigma bond
Alkene
anti conformation
Alkane
38. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
torsional strain
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
Vinyl
meso compound
39. Alkene oxidized with this - strong oxidizing agent. CH3CO3H or mcpba and it makes epoxide or oxirane
enantiomer
peroxycarboxylic acid
Alkane
ionic bond
40. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O
diastereomers
enantiomer
basicity
geminal
41. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
ethers
not ignored
catalytic hydrogenation
racemic mixture
42. Charged - need electrons
covalent bond
formaldehyde
lindlar's catalyst
electrophile
43. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same
saturated hydrocarbon
enantiomer
oxidizing
molecular orbital
44. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.
vicinal
nonbonded strain
structural isomers
aldehyde
45. Same chemical formula. same atomic connectivity . different in how atoms are arranged in space
stereoisomers
meso compound
configuration
Combustion
46. Diols with hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon
vicinal
enantiomer
ring strain
configuration
47. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.
protic solvent
carboxylic acid
electrophilic addition of X2
Vinyl
48. Steps of free radical substitution
carboxylic acid
racemic mixture
y- root - en -x-yne
initiation propagation termination
49. Kmno4
carboxylic acid
quantum numbers
potassium permanganate
meso compound
50. F - CL - Br - I
basicity
angle strain
halogen
conformational isomer
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