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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Results when cyclic molecules must assume conformations that have eclipsed interactions
Vinyl
torsional strain
formaldehyde
fischer projection
2. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
ketone
pi bond
fischer projection
structural isomers
3. Monosubstituted ethylene
isomer
Acetylene
Vinyl
markovnikov's rule
4. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
ionic bond
alkyne
achiral
electrophilic addition of HX
5. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
methylene
disproportionation
Alkene
diastereomers
6. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
Vinyl
allyl
configuration
markovnikov's rule
7. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-
configuration
oxidizing
electrophilic addition of X2
amines
8. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
achiral
Haloalkane
oxidizing
eclipsed conformation
9. Nonterminal alkenes are cleaved to form two molar equivalent of carvoxylic acid ..make keton
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
weak bases
acetaldehyde
potassium permanganate
10. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule
amines
potassium permanganate
electrophilic addition of HX
Acetylene
11. Name for mathanal
peroxycarboxylic acid
formaldehyde
Alkene
markovnikov's rule
12. Charged - need electrons
Vinyl
electrophile
achiral
electrophilic addition of free radicals
13. Two hydroxyl groups
diol
Vinyl
sigma bond
halogenation
14. Zn/h or CH3/s with ozonolysis
isomer
vicinal
reducing
mcpba
15. Diols with hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon
disproportionation
vicinal
covalent bond
mcpba
16. A sigma bond and two pi bonds
triple bond
chiral center
achiral
lindlar's catalyst
17. What are the best leaving groups?
ring flip
saturated hydrocarbon
peroxycarboxylic acid
weak bases
18. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
polymerization
Acetylene
ring strain
oxidizing
19. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
conformational isomer
initiation propagation termination
geometric isomers
enantiomer
20. Kmno4
potassium permanganate
diol
electrophile
triple bond
21. Sharing of electron between atoms
diol
covalent bond
alkyne
Vinyl
22. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
chiral center
mcpba
oxidation
specific rotation
23. Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon carbon triple bond
chiral
alkyne
aprotic solvent
sp3
24. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
nucleophile
absolute configuration
relative configuration
y- root - en -x-yne
25. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
quantum numbers
gauche conformation
carboxylic acid
catalytic hydrogenation
26. Palladium or barium sulfate (BaSO4) with quinoline. occur on metal surface - make cis.
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27. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
potassium permanganate
diol
electrophilic addition of free radicals
torsional strain
28. Lowest priority group projects into the page
fischer projection
not ignored
oxidizing
covalent bond
29. Chain of carbons connected by single bonds with hydrogen atoms attached.
sp
ring flip
Alkane
sigma bond
30. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
nucleophile
geminal
halogen
configuration
31. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes
conformational isomer
enantiomer
pyrolysis
stereoisomers
32. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
pyrolysis
Alkyne
chiral
oxidizing
33. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
specific rotation
electrophilic addition of HX
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
disproportionation
34. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
protic solvent
halogenation
specific rotation
nucleophile
35. If a compound is able to rotate plane polarized light.
ethers
nucleophile
sigma bond
optical activity
36. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
not ignored
diol
absolute configuration
chiral center
37. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
geminal
cold potassium permanganate
peroxycarboxylic acid
alcohol
38. Solvents with protons in solution - e.g. water or alcohol. large atoms tend to be better nucleophiles in here because they can shed the solvating protons around them and are more polarizable
ethers
Vinyl
triple bond
protic solvent
39. Steps of free radical substitution
gauche conformation
initiation propagation termination
enantiomer
potassium permanganate
40. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
oxidation
methylene
2^n
41. O3
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
potassium permanganate
ozonolysis
fischer projection
42. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same
sp2
ketone
enantiomer
carboxylic acid
43. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
molecular orbital
chiral center
saturated hydrocarbon
optical activity
44. Compounds with halogen
Alkene
Ignored
Haloalkane
isomer
45. Alkene oxidized with this - strong oxidizing agent. CH3CO3H or mcpba and it makes epoxide or oxirane
acetaldehyde
Alkane nomenclature
electrophilic addition of H2O
peroxycarboxylic acid
46. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid
mcpba
Alkyne
propionaldehyde
vicinal
47. F - CL - Br - I
carbonyl
anti conformation
halogen
hybridization
48. One s and three p orbitals
Acetylene
sp3
catalytic hydrogenation
electrophilic addition of HX
49. Differ in position of substitutents attached to a double bond or cycloalkane. Cis or trans or e or z
acetaldehyde
geometric isomers
isomer
nucleophile
50. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
stereoisomers
propionaldehyde
Alkane nomenclature
ketone
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