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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers
2^n
nonbonded strain
enantiomer
chiral
2. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
sp
Alkene
gauche conformation
Alkane
3. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
allyl
saturated hydrocarbon
Ignored
halogenation
4. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
carboxylic acid
saturated hydrocarbon
sp3
diastereomers
5. Reaction of alkane with oxygen to form carbon dioxide - water and heat.
catalytic hydrogenation
y- root - en -x-yne
Combustion
optical activity
6. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
optical activity
catalytic hydrogenation
stereoisomers
7. If a compound is able to rotate plane polarized light.
optical activity
enantiomer
methylene
polymerization
8. Palladium or barium sulfate (BaSO4) with quinoline. occur on metal surface - make cis.
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9. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
hydroboration
quantum numbers
weak bases
ethers
10. Not solvated
aprotic solvent
peroxycarboxylic acid
electrophilic addition of X2
y- root - en -x-yne
11. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
initiation propagation termination
molecular orbital
halogenation
2^n
12. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal
aldehyde
hydroboration
amines
protic solvent
13. O3
ozonolysis
structural isomers
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
fischer projection
14. F - CL - Br - I
Vinyl
halogen
y- root - en -x-yne
alcohol
15. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution
markovnikov's rule
halogenation
disproportionation
electrophilic addition of HX
16. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
y- root - en -x-yne
pi bond
Ignored
ring strain
17. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
racemic mixture
Ignored
oxidizing
anti conformation
18. Diols with hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon
vicinal
ketone
geometric isomers
electrophilic addition
19. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc
relative configuration
sp3
alcohol
markovnikov's rule
20. Zn/h or CH3/s with ozonolysis
aprotic solvent
reducing
markovnikov's rule
electrophilic addition of H2O
21. Di - tri - t - sec - n -
Ignored
alcohol
torsional strain
allyl
22. Kmno4
potassium permanganate
2^n
chiral center
amines
23. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
sigma bond
relative configuration
acetaldehyde
cold potassium permanganate
24. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same
enantiomer
anti conformation
formaldehyde
quantum numbers
25. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
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26. Charged - need electrons
reducing
electrophile
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
lindlar's catalyst
27. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.
nucleophile
angle strain
Alkane nomenclature
carboxylic acid
28. Steps of free radical substitution
optical activity
alcohol
initiation propagation termination
Acetylene
29. N - l - ml - ms
propionaldehyde
quantum numbers
chiral center
potassium permanganate
30. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
electrophilic addition of X2
disproportionation
ketone
molecular orbital
31. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol
sp2
enantiomer
triple bond
electrophilic addition of H2O
32. Alkene oxidized with this - strong oxidizing agent. CH3CO3H or mcpba and it makes epoxide or oxirane
peroxycarboxylic acid
Ignored
specific rotation
electrophilic addition
33. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
y- root - en -x-yne
conformational isomer
oxidation
ozonolysis
34. Most favorable of staggared conformations
Vinyl
optical activity
anti conformation
configuration
35. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
eclipsed conformation
geminal
aprotic solvent
sp
36. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
conformational isomer
achiral
aldehyde
torsional strain
37. When boat flips
ketone
ring flip
structural isomers
carbonyl
38. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
y- root - en -x-yne
propionaldehyde
chiral
primary carbon
39. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
eclipsed conformation
nucleophile
amines
disproportionation
40. Refers to the =CH2 group
sp
sp3
methylene
angle strain
41. Alphabetical order of alkane rxn
electrophilic addition
sp
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
electrophilic addition of HX
42. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
racemic mixture
quantum numbers
Alkyne
aldehyde
43. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
enantiomer
Ignored
electrophilic addition
Alkane
44. Results when cyclic molecules must assume conformations that have eclipsed interactions
sp
torsional strain
hybridization
pyrolysis
45. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry
weak bases
alkyne
sigma bond
meso compound
46. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced
hydroboration
protic solvent
pi bond
ring flip
47. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-
electrophilic addition of X2
reducing
amines
ethers
48. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
Ignored
angle strain
absolute configuration
sp3
49. Name for ethanal
reducing
Vinyl
eclipsed conformation
acetaldehyde
50. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
angle strain
geometric isomers
isomer
Vinyl
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