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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Methyl are 60 degrees apart. kinda stable
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
gauche conformation
basicity
triple bond
2. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
electrophilic addition of free radicals
absolute configuration
structural isomers
cold potassium permanganate
3. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
angle strain
optical activity
geometric isomers
polymerization
4. A sigma bond and two pi bonds
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
aldehyde
potassium permanganate
triple bond
5. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
ionic bond
alkyne
sigma bond
cold potassium permanganate
6. Diols with hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon
vicinal
Alkyne
electrophilic addition of X2
initiation propagation termination
7. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
nonbonded strain
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
pyrolysis
stereoisomers
8. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
diol
fischer projection
ionic bond
saturated hydrocarbon
9. Sharing of electron between atoms
Alkane
enantiomer
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
covalent bond
10. Nonterminal alkenes are cleaved to form two molar equivalent of carvoxylic acid ..make keton
ozonolysis
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
Alkyne
amines
11. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
quantum numbers
molecular orbital
electrophile
initiation propagation termination
12. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
ring strain
optical activity
achiral
racemic mixture
13. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
carboxylic acid
ionic bond
electrophilic addition of free radicals
nucleophile
14. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
catalytic hydrogenation
ozonolysis
enantiomer
weak bases
15. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
halogenation
y- root - en -x-yne
achiral
specific rotation
16. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
gauche conformation
Alkane nomenclature
mcpba
diastereomers
17. Charged - need electrons
electrophile
chiral center
Haloalkane
electrophilic addition
18. Refers to the =CH2 group
lindlar's catalyst
ring strain
methylene
not ignored
19. Alphabetical order of alkane rxn
isomer
absolute configuration
fischer projection
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
20. Three different substitutents often have plane of symmetry. and rotation of 180 will allow molecule to be superimposed on mirror image
y- root - en -x-yne
stereoisomers
achiral
cold potassium permanganate
21. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.
polymerization
carbonyl
enantiomer
reducing
22. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
saturated hydrocarbon
electrophilic addition of HX
oxidizing
carbonyl
23. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
Haloalkane
pi bond
protic solvent
potassium permanganate
24. Same molecular formula but different structure
optical activity
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
geometric isomers
isomer
25. What are the best leaving groups?
halogen
weak bases
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
specific rotation
26. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
mcpba
ketone
allyl
angle strain
27. One s and three p orbitals
weak bases
sp3
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
relative configuration
28. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
oxidation
fischer projection
carbonyl
gauche conformation
29. N - l - ml - ms
quantum numbers
not ignored
electrophilic addition
ethers
30. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.
reducing
conformational isomer
carboxylic acid
halogenation
31. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
oxidation
ethers
acetaldehyde
absolute configuration
32. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
eclipsed conformation
pi bond
chiral
ionic bond
33. Name for propanal
formaldehyde
catalytic hydrogenation
propionaldehyde
geometric isomers
34. Name for mathanal
conformational isomer
weak bases
formaldehyde
enantiomer
35. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
eclipsed conformation
markovnikov's rule
electrophilic addition of H2O
allyl
36. Not solvated
aprotic solvent
2^n
electrophilic addition of free radicals
angle strain
37. Results when cyclic molecules must assume conformations that have eclipsed interactions
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
torsional strain
halogen
initiation propagation termination
38. Kmno4
potassium permanganate
basicity
aprotic solvent
gauche conformation
39. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
enantiomer
Ignored
pi bond
ethers
40. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers
2^n
amines
formaldehyde
geminal
41. Palladium or barium sulfate (BaSO4) with quinoline. occur on metal surface - make cis.
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42. F - CL - Br - I
electrophilic addition of HX
anti conformation
halogen
diastereomers
43. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O
Alkane
basicity
halogenation
sigma bond
44. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid
Haloalkane
carbonyl
mcpba
achiral
45. Zn/h or CH3/s with ozonolysis
protic solvent
reducing
ketone
gauche conformation
46. O3
cold potassium permanganate
ozonolysis
absolute configuration
formaldehyde
47. Nonsuperimposable mirror image of chiral objects - a specific steroisomer.
Haloalkane
weak bases
enantiomer
molecular orbital
48. What is produced when o3 with lialh4 or nabh4
ozonolysis
basicity
alcohol
not ignored
49. When boat flips
electrophile
sp
sigma bond
ring flip
50. Name for ethanal
eclipsed conformation
acetaldehyde
sp3
markovnikov's rule
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