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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
ozonolysis
fischer projection
diastereomers
saturated hydrocarbon
2. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
electrophilic addition
oxidation
achiral
ethers
3. Reaction of alkane with oxygen to form carbon dioxide - water and heat.
Ignored
Combustion
hydroboration
specific rotation
4. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
aprotic solvent
angle strain
geometric isomers
conformational isomer
5. Refers to the =CH2 group
methylene
catalytic hydrogenation
geminal
sp3
6. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
y- root - en -x-yne
structural isomers
relative configuration
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
7. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
electrophilic addition of free radicals
formaldehyde
molecular orbital
8. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
Vinyl
Alkyne
mcpba
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
9. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
relative configuration
ring flip
Alkane nomenclature
cold potassium permanganate
10. One s and three p orbitals
alkyne
sp3
gauche conformation
Alkene
11. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
sigma bond
disproportionation
absolute configuration
ring strain
12. When boat flips
peroxycarboxylic acid
ozonolysis
Combustion
ring flip
13. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule
cold potassium permanganate
electrophilic addition of HX
ketone
electrophilic addition of H2O
14. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O
basicity
carboxylic acid
sp2
halogenation
15. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.
ethers
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
polymerization
ring flip
16. Solvents with protons in solution - e.g. water or alcohol. large atoms tend to be better nucleophiles in here because they can shed the solvating protons around them and are more polarizable
protic solvent
vicinal
specific rotation
nonbonded strain
17. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
acetaldehyde
angle strain
ring flip
electrophilic addition of free radicals
18. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image
not ignored
basicity
chiral
amines
19. If a compound is able to rotate plane polarized light.
sp2
optical activity
oxidation
Acetylene
20. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
lindlar's catalyst
ionic bond
quantum numbers
ethers
21. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
angle strain
aldehyde
peroxycarboxylic acid
ring strain
22. Diols with hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon
fischer projection
ketone
vicinal
nucleophile
23. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
electrophile
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
chiral center
quantum numbers
24. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-
halogenation
triple bond
amines
configuration
25. Differ in position of substitutents attached to a double bond or cycloalkane. Cis or trans or e or z
geometric isomers
markovnikov's rule
sp
acetaldehyde
26. Carbon double bonded to an oxygen
meso compound
isomer
carbonyl
pi bond
27. Common name for ethyne
methylene
Acetylene
alkyne
eclipsed conformation
28. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
Vinyl
electrophilic addition of X2
specific rotation
quantum numbers
29. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
specific rotation
Alkene
saturated hydrocarbon
halogen
30. Chain of carbons connected by single bonds with hydrogen atoms attached.
molecular orbital
reducing
electrophilic addition of X2
Alkane
31. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution
ketone
chiral
ionic bond
halogenation
32. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
eclipsed conformation
electrophilic addition of H2O
electrophilic addition
halogenation
33. Steps of free radical substitution
ionic bond
saturated hydrocarbon
initiation propagation termination
diol
34. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
eclipsed conformation
Vinyl
vicinal
carboxylic acid
35. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol
basicity
ethers
vicinal
electrophilic addition of H2O
36. Nonterminal alkenes are cleaved to form two molar equivalent of carvoxylic acid ..make keton
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
chiral
Combustion
molecular orbital
37. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
not ignored
eclipsed conformation
conformational isomer
hybridization
38. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
halogen
cold potassium permanganate
electrophilic addition
lindlar's catalyst
39. Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon carbon triple bond
nonbonded strain
chiral
alkyne
protic solvent
40. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
achiral
configuration
sp2
Vinyl
41. Not solvated
structural isomers
aprotic solvent
alcohol
oxidizing
42. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
electrophilic addition of HX
relative configuration
ethers
pi bond
43. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal
aldehyde
saturated hydrocarbon
racemic mixture
weak bases
44. One s and two p 120 degree apart
sp2
alkyne
lindlar's catalyst
optical activity
45. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.
nonbonded strain
chiral
mcpba
disproportionation
46. Three different substitutents often have plane of symmetry. and rotation of 180 will allow molecule to be superimposed on mirror image
protic solvent
achiral
saturated hydrocarbon
nonbonded strain
47. Name for mathanal
formaldehyde
Alkane
sp2
halogenation
48. Methyl are 60 degrees apart. kinda stable
2^n
lindlar's catalyst
allyl
gauche conformation
49. Kmno4
potassium permanganate
weak bases
meso compound
saturated hydrocarbon
50. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
methylene
diol
isomer
molecular orbital
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