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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
:
mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans
oxidizing
quantum numbers
electrophilic addition of X2
acetaldehyde
2. Nonterminal alkenes are cleaved to form two molar equivalent of carvoxylic acid ..make keton
pi bond
ionic bond
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
weak bases
3. A sigma bond and two pi bonds
carbonyl
triple bond
Combustion
Ignored
4. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
geometric isomers
polymerization
specific rotation
ketone
5. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution
ring strain
sp
torsional strain
halogenation
6. Carbon double bonded to an oxygen
initiation propagation termination
angle strain
2^n
carbonyl
7. Steps of free radical substitution
aprotic solvent
initiation propagation termination
nucleophile
geminal
8. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal
isomer
markovnikov's rule
oxidation
aldehyde
9. Common name for ethyne
fischer projection
Acetylene
polymerization
pyrolysis
10. Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon carbon triple bond
saturated hydrocarbon
alkyne
enantiomer
Combustion
11. Two hydroxyl groups
reducing
diol
gauche conformation
electrophilic addition of free radicals
12. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
weak bases
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
gauche conformation
catalytic hydrogenation
13. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced
optical activity
pi bond
amines
hydroboration
14. Same chemical formula. same atomic connectivity . different in how atoms are arranged in space
carboxylic acid
isomer
stereoisomers
triple bond
15. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes
reducing
pyrolysis
Alkene
acetaldehyde
16. Name for mathanal
ionic bond
formaldehyde
alkyne
y- root - en -x-yne
17. If a compound is able to rotate plane polarized light.
Ignored
hydroboration
lindlar's catalyst
optical activity
18. Palladium or barium sulfate (BaSO4) with quinoline. occur on metal surface - make cis.
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19. Not solvated
meso compound
Alkane nomenclature
lindlar's catalyst
aprotic solvent
20. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
conformational isomer
y- root - en -x-yne
fischer projection
weak bases
21. Kmno4
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
oxidation
potassium permanganate
polymerization
22. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.
peroxycarboxylic acid
nonbonded strain
nucleophile
electrophile
23. Most favorable of staggared conformations
gauche conformation
primary carbon
sigma bond
anti conformation
24. Formed by mixing different types of orbitals
gauche conformation
primary carbon
vicinal
hybridization
25. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
2^n
geminal
sp2
markovnikov's rule
26. Di - tri - t - sec - n -
Alkane nomenclature
Haloalkane
Ignored
propionaldehyde
27. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
allyl
specific rotation
ozonolysis
achiral
28. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
not ignored
configuration
basicity
potassium permanganate
29. Two p orbital form pi and third p orbital combine with s to make two sp hybrid. 180 degree apart
formaldehyde
sp
pi bond
halogen
30. O3
carbonyl
ozonolysis
Acetylene
electrophile
31. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry
hydroboration
meso compound
sp
peroxycarboxylic acid
32. Charged - need electrons
halogenation
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
electrophile
nonbonded strain
33. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
Alkane nomenclature
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
isomer
allyl
34. What are the best leaving groups?
weak bases
hydroboration
aprotic solvent
initiation propagation termination
35. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
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36. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
basicity
isomer
configuration
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
37. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
nonbonded strain
basicity
absolute configuration
ethers
38. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
diastereomers
propionaldehyde
absolute configuration
39. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
achiral
oxidizing
Alkene
40. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
ethers
y- root - en -x-yne
Vinyl
fischer projection
41. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
electrophilic addition
anti conformation
catalytic hydrogenation
protic solvent
42. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
sp3
meso compound
disproportionation
Alkene
43. Iso - neo - cyclo
not ignored
oxidation
electrophilic addition
geometric isomers
44. One s and three p orbitals
diastereomers
sp3
electrophilic addition
reducing
45. What is produced when o3 with lialh4 or nabh4
alcohol
allyl
propionaldehyde
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
46. N - l - ml - ms
Alkane nomenclature
hybridization
quantum numbers
disproportionation
47. One s and two p 120 degree apart
sp2
halogenation
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
isomer
48. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
cold potassium permanganate
not ignored
electrophilic addition of X2
acetaldehyde
49. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
electrophilic addition of free radicals
carbonyl
weak bases
geometric isomers
50. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
alcohol
primary carbon
pi bond
halogenation
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