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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.
enantiomer
weak bases
carboxylic acid
sp3
2. Diols with hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon
optical activity
vicinal
oxidation
electrophilic addition of free radicals
3. Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon carbon triple bond
initiation propagation termination
diol
alkyne
potassium permanganate
4. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
Alkyne
fischer projection
pi bond
quantum numbers
5. Alkene oxidized with this - strong oxidizing agent. CH3CO3H or mcpba and it makes epoxide or oxirane
peroxycarboxylic acid
sp3
angle strain
ethers
6. Solvents with protons in solution - e.g. water or alcohol. large atoms tend to be better nucleophiles in here because they can shed the solvating protons around them and are more polarizable
2^n
torsional strain
protic solvent
ozonolysis
7. What are the best leaving groups?
ring strain
weak bases
achiral
enantiomer
8. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
geminal
ring strain
oxidation
catalytic hydrogenation
9. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans
specific rotation
ketone
electrophilic addition of X2
weak bases
10. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol
electrophilic addition of H2O
aprotic solvent
fischer projection
disproportionation
11. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
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12. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
achiral
diastereomers
propionaldehyde
optical activity
13. Two hydroxyl groups
triple bond
diol
torsional strain
geminal
14. Name for ethanal
aprotic solvent
nucleophile
anti conformation
acetaldehyde
15. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
saturated hydrocarbon
Alkane nomenclature
electrophilic addition of X2
16. Two p orbital form pi and third p orbital combine with s to make two sp hybrid. 180 degree apart
ring strain
ozonolysis
sp
ethers
17. Formed by mixing different types of orbitals
hybridization
sp3
relative configuration
optical activity
18. Nonterminal alkenes are cleaved to form two molar equivalent of carvoxylic acid ..make keton
markovnikov's rule
pi bond
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
hydroboration
19. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule
electrophilic addition of HX
ethers
carboxylic acid
absolute configuration
20. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
mcpba
primary carbon
eclipsed conformation
conformational isomer
21. O3
mcpba
basicity
ozonolysis
specific rotation
22. N - l - ml - ms
mcpba
disproportionation
quantum numbers
ketone
23. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc
relative configuration
fischer projection
alkyne
sp3
24. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
cold potassium permanganate
ionic bond
ethers
conformational isomer
25. F - CL - Br - I
eclipsed conformation
alkyne
halogen
primary carbon
26. Differ in position of substitutents attached to a double bond or cycloalkane. Cis or trans or e or z
relative configuration
molecular orbital
diastereomers
geometric isomers
27. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
reducing
geometric isomers
oxidizing
lindlar's catalyst
28. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
oxidizing
amines
Alkane nomenclature
basicity
29. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
ionic bond
cold potassium permanganate
enantiomer
oxidizing
30. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
meso compound
catalytic hydrogenation
triple bond
isomer
31. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-
peroxycarboxylic acid
y- root - en -x-yne
amines
relative configuration
32. Lowest priority group projects into the page
optical activity
aldehyde
fischer projection
halogen
33. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution
ozonolysis
geminal
halogenation
alkyne
34. Reaction of alkane with oxygen to form carbon dioxide - water and heat.
polymerization
Combustion
electrophilic addition
Alkyne
35. Is bonded to only one other carbon atom
torsional strain
electrophilic addition of free radicals
optical activity
primary carbon
36. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
potassium permanganate
saturated hydrocarbon
electrophilic addition of free radicals
relative configuration
37. Compounds with halogen
gauche conformation
Haloalkane
racemic mixture
ozonolysis
38. Most favorable of staggared conformations
electrophilic addition of HX
anti conformation
ring strain
ethers
39. When boat flips
pi bond
ring flip
potassium permanganate
gauche conformation
40. Alphabetical order of alkane rxn
diol
lindlar's catalyst
not ignored
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
41. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
weak bases
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
2^n
oxidation
42. Sharing of electron between atoms
formaldehyde
specific rotation
covalent bond
torsional strain
43. Name for mathanal
formaldehyde
triple bond
ring flip
quantum numbers
44. Name for propanal
protic solvent
propionaldehyde
eclipsed conformation
chiral
45. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image
chiral
chiral center
formaldehyde
sigma bond
46. One s and three p orbitals
sp3
pi bond
potassium permanganate
sp
47. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced
Combustion
Alkane
hydroboration
methylene
48. If a compound is able to rotate plane polarized light.
optical activity
vicinal
ionic bond
gauche conformation
49. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
geminal
ring flip
lindlar's catalyst
initiation propagation termination
50. Common name for ethyne
ring flip
reducing
basicity
Acetylene
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