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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What are the best leaving groups?
sp
weak bases
eclipsed conformation
disproportionation
2. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
electrophilic addition of free radicals
Alkyne
ozonolysis
chiral center
3. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
ozonolysis
disproportionation
allyl
electrophilic addition
4. Kmno4
oxidizing
potassium permanganate
eclipsed conformation
mcpba
5. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid
halogen
weak bases
mcpba
ionic bond
6. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-
disproportionation
amines
oxidation
Alkane nomenclature
7. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image
electrophilic addition of H2O
absolute configuration
2^n
chiral
8. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
lindlar's catalyst
ring strain
formaldehyde
angle strain
9. One s and three p orbitals
isomer
halogen
acetaldehyde
sp3
10. Sharing of electron between atoms
covalent bond
specific rotation
nucleophile
anti conformation
11. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
diastereomers
chiral center
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
eclipsed conformation
12. A sigma bond and two pi bonds
sp
Haloalkane
stereoisomers
triple bond
13. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal
pyrolysis
pi bond
aldehyde
primary carbon
14. Chain of carbons connected by single bonds with hydrogen atoms attached.
Alkane
structural isomers
nucleophile
oxidation
15. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
triple bond
Alkyne
cold potassium permanganate
16. Most favorable of staggared conformations
Alkane nomenclature
nonbonded strain
anti conformation
vicinal
17. Results when cyclic molecules must assume conformations that have eclipsed interactions
molecular orbital
potassium permanganate
eclipsed conformation
torsional strain
18. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution
methylene
Vinyl
not ignored
halogenation
19. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
methylene
ring flip
specific rotation
initiation propagation termination
20. Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon carbon triple bond
electrophilic addition
alkyne
potassium permanganate
optical activity
21. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
achiral
electrophilic addition
anti conformation
markovnikov's rule
22. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
Alkane nomenclature
electrophilic addition of free radicals
anti conformation
sp3
23. Three different substitutents often have plane of symmetry. and rotation of 180 will allow molecule to be superimposed on mirror image
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
electrophilic addition of H2O
gauche conformation
achiral
24. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
molecular orbital
Alkane
ethers
25. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
alcohol
conformational isomer
alkyne
catalytic hydrogenation
26. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
geometric isomers
molecular orbital
configuration
27. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
aprotic solvent
absolute configuration
electrophilic addition of H2O
lindlar's catalyst
28. Refers to the =CH2 group
2^n
methylene
gauche conformation
chiral center
29. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers
electrophilic addition
diastereomers
2^n
sigma bond
30. Monosubstituted ethylene
oxidation
gauche conformation
stereoisomers
Vinyl
31. Formed by mixing different types of orbitals
carboxylic acid
enantiomer
sp3
hybridization
32. Nonsuperimposable mirror image of chiral objects - a specific steroisomer.
absolute configuration
primary carbon
cold potassium permanganate
enantiomer
33. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
isomer
y- root - en -x-yne
oxidizing
alkyne
34. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
molecular orbital
relative configuration
aldehyde
oxidation
35. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
halogenation
conformational isomer
optical activity
sp
36. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
ionic bond
nucleophile
electrophilic addition of H2O
electrophilic addition of free radicals
37. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
2^n
Alkane
Alkyne
oxidizing
38. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
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39. Two p orbital form pi and third p orbital combine with s to make two sp hybrid. 180 degree apart
sp
electrophilic addition
pi bond
gauche conformation
40. N - l - ml - ms
quantum numbers
triple bond
pyrolysis
ionic bond
41. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
not ignored
saturated hydrocarbon
absolute configuration
formaldehyde
42. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule
fischer projection
mcpba
diastereomers
electrophilic addition of HX
43. O3
not ignored
achiral
hydroboration
ozonolysis
44. Differ in position of substitutents attached to a double bond or cycloalkane. Cis or trans or e or z
geometric isomers
formaldehyde
vicinal
covalent bond
45. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
polymerization
absolute configuration
Alkene
46. Charged - need electrons
hybridization
basicity
sp2
electrophile
47. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.
polymerization
ring flip
lindlar's catalyst
anti conformation
48. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
chiral center
Alkene
carboxylic acid
sp
49. One s and two p 120 degree apart
geometric isomers
specific rotation
sp2
anti conformation
50. Name for ethanal
acetaldehyde
alkyne
gauche conformation
catalytic hydrogenation
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