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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid
pyrolysis
propionaldehyde
mcpba
saturated hydrocarbon
2. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.
nonbonded strain
electrophile
halogen
specific rotation
3. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
geminal
angle strain
catalytic hydrogenation
electrophilic addition of H2O
4. Differ in position of substitutents attached to a double bond or cycloalkane. Cis or trans or e or z
protic solvent
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
basicity
geometric isomers
5. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans
electrophilic addition of H2O
electrophilic addition of X2
structural isomers
methylene
6. Reaction of alkane with oxygen to form carbon dioxide - water and heat.
carbonyl
formaldehyde
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
Combustion
7. Name for propanal
molecular orbital
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
propionaldehyde
electrophilic addition of X2
8. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
ring strain
y- root - en -x-yne
eclipsed conformation
9. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
oxidation
ring flip
nucleophile
methylene
10. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
halogenation
ring strain
oxidizing
aprotic solvent
11. Is bonded to only one other carbon atom
primary carbon
2^n
initiation propagation termination
sp2
12. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
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13. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.
carboxylic acid
polymerization
oxidation
sigma bond
14. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
halogen
cold potassium permanganate
enantiomer
15. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
electrophile
Alkyne
Alkane nomenclature
formaldehyde
16. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same
conformational isomer
alcohol
electrophilic addition of HX
enantiomer
17. When boat flips
achiral
polymerization
specific rotation
ring flip
18. A sigma bond and two pi bonds
triple bond
primary carbon
Alkene
Alkane
19. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
basicity
ring strain
electrophilic addition
disproportionation
20. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
saturated hydrocarbon
specific rotation
ring strain
propionaldehyde
21. Charged - need electrons
chiral center
ethers
electrophile
not ignored
22. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
achiral
torsional strain
allyl
hybridization
23. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
propionaldehyde
halogen
relative configuration
pi bond
24. N - l - ml - ms
mcpba
vicinal
basicity
quantum numbers
25. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal
chiral center
torsional strain
aldehyde
configuration
26. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
carbonyl
ketone
nonbonded strain
Alkyne
27. Steps of free radical substitution
initiation propagation termination
reducing
ethers
diol
28. Formed by mixing different types of orbitals
hybridization
ethers
basicity
sp
29. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
ring flip
specific rotation
electrophilic addition of free radicals
aldehyde
30. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image
specific rotation
chiral
alkyne
hybridization
31. Palladium or barium sulfate (BaSO4) with quinoline. occur on metal surface - make cis.
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32. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
anti conformation
conformational isomer
Ignored
meso compound
33. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes
hybridization
polymerization
pyrolysis
gauche conformation
34. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
chiral center
stereoisomers
methylene
35. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
molecular orbital
Alkyne
ketone
pyrolysis
36. Name for ethanal
mcpba
acetaldehyde
peroxycarboxylic acid
2^n
37. What are the best leaving groups?
halogen
electrophilic addition of free radicals
weak bases
primary carbon
38. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
Vinyl
Alkyne
eclipsed conformation
electrophilic addition of H2O
39. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
Combustion
Vinyl
configuration
angle strain
40. Di - tri - t - sec - n -
conformational isomer
electrophilic addition of X2
Ignored
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
41. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
Alkene
diol
alkyne
sp
42. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced
aldehyde
potassium permanganate
quantum numbers
hydroboration
43. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc
ionic bond
achiral
enantiomer
relative configuration
44. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
Alkyne
electrophilic addition of free radicals
allyl
conformational isomer
45. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
propionaldehyde
ozonolysis
Alkane nomenclature
catalytic hydrogenation
46. Monosubstituted ethylene
angle strain
formaldehyde
alkyne
Vinyl
47. Not solvated
amines
potassium permanganate
aprotic solvent
halogenation
48. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
enantiomer
racemic mixture
carboxylic acid
Alkane
49. Common name for ethyne
halogenation
Acetylene
Haloalkane
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
50. Iso - neo - cyclo
relative configuration
not ignored
eclipsed conformation
sigma bond
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