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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nonterminal alkenes are cleaved to form two molar equivalent of carvoxylic acid ..make keton
chiral
nonbonded strain
catalytic hydrogenation
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
2. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans
peroxycarboxylic acid
Alkane
ozonolysis
electrophilic addition of X2
3. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
aldehyde
carbonyl
molecular orbital
chiral center
4. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
electrophilic addition
racemic mixture
fischer projection
carbonyl
5. Same chemical formula. same atomic connectivity . different in how atoms are arranged in space
acetaldehyde
stereoisomers
saturated hydrocarbon
halogenation
6. N - l - ml - ms
electrophilic addition of HX
eclipsed conformation
weak bases
quantum numbers
7. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
y- root - en -x-yne
stereoisomers
electrophilic addition of free radicals
oxidation
8. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
ring strain
ethers
nonbonded strain
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
9. Iso - neo - cyclo
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
not ignored
markovnikov's rule
alkyne
10. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
Alkyne
initiation propagation termination
nucleophile
enantiomer
11. Charged - need electrons
triple bond
electrophilic addition of H2O
sigma bond
electrophile
12. F - CL - Br - I
halogen
chiral
achiral
disproportionation
13. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes
pyrolysis
ring flip
Haloalkane
propionaldehyde
14. Alphabetical order of alkane rxn
hybridization
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
2^n
propionaldehyde
15. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.
polymerization
pyrolysis
ethers
protic solvent
16. Results when cyclic molecules must assume conformations that have eclipsed interactions
Combustion
geometric isomers
saturated hydrocarbon
torsional strain
17. Same molecular formula but different structure
isomer
ozonolysis
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
optical activity
18. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
electrophilic addition of free radicals
hydroboration
y- root - en -x-yne
optical activity
19. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
halogenation
torsional strain
cold potassium permanganate
electrophilic addition of HX
20. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
pi bond
primary carbon
eclipsed conformation
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
21. What are the best leaving groups?
chiral
electrophilic addition of X2
weak bases
halogenation
22. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
ketone
saturated hydrocarbon
enantiomer
ozonolysis
23. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O
triple bond
basicity
configuration
sp2
24. Sharing of electron between atoms
peroxycarboxylic acid
optical activity
covalent bond
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
25. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.
sp3
ring strain
nonbonded strain
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
26. Nonsuperimposable mirror image of chiral objects - a specific steroisomer.
ketone
isomer
enantiomer
nonbonded strain
27. Name for mathanal
y- root - en -x-yne
formaldehyde
ketone
absolute configuration
28. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
alkyne
electrophilic addition of free radicals
configuration
enantiomer
29. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.
lindlar's catalyst
carboxylic acid
enantiomer
electrophilic addition of X2
30. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid
mcpba
sigma bond
geometric isomers
ionic bond
31. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced
enantiomer
hydroboration
vicinal
amines
32. Di - tri - t - sec - n -
cold potassium permanganate
Ignored
reducing
sp
33. Compounds with halogen
geometric isomers
Haloalkane
alkyne
Alkyne
34. Lowest priority group projects into the page
hydroboration
pi bond
fischer projection
vicinal
35. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule
electrophile
electrophilic addition of HX
stereoisomers
y- root - en -x-yne
36. Steps of free radical substitution
primary carbon
halogen
disproportionation
initiation propagation termination
37. One s and two p 120 degree apart
sp2
racemic mixture
oxidation
gauche conformation
38. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
sigma bond
diastereomers
reducing
electrophilic addition of HX
39. Zn/h or CH3/s with ozonolysis
pyrolysis
diastereomers
reducing
chiral
40. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image
isomer
basicity
chiral
ketone
41. Name for propanal
propionaldehyde
geometric isomers
Combustion
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
42. Not solvated
propionaldehyde
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
aprotic solvent
achiral
43. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
Haloalkane
ring strain
acetaldehyde
initiation propagation termination
44. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry
2^n
ring flip
meso compound
covalent bond
45. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol
electrophilic addition of H2O
sigma bond
aprotic solvent
Ignored
46. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
absolute configuration
Alkyne
aldehyde
halogenation
47. Chain of carbons connected by single bonds with hydrogen atoms attached.
gauche conformation
Alkane
Alkene
configuration
48. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
nonbonded strain
propionaldehyde
ketone
Ignored
49. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
markovnikov's rule
saturated hydrocarbon
basicity
angle strain
50. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
disproportionation
molecular orbital
Alkene
relative configuration
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