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MCAT Organic Chemistry

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon






2. Formed by mixing different types of orbitals






3. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.






4. Same chemical formula. same atomic connectivity . different in how atoms are arranged in space






5. Compounds with halogen






6. Cleaves double bond in half - it only oxidizes the carbon to an aldehyde under reducing conditions. if ozidizing make same product as KMNO4






7. Common name for ethyne






8. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane






9. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.






10. Solvents with protons in solution - e.g. water or alcohol. large atoms tend to be better nucleophiles in here because they can shed the solvating protons around them and are more polarizable






11. Name for propanal






12. Nonsuperimposable mirror image of chiral objects - a specific steroisomer.






13. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same






14. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image






15. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced






16. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms






17. Charged - need electrons






18. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution






19. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest






20. Monosubstituted ethylene






21. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule






22. When bond angles deviate from ideal values






23. Alphabetical order of alkane rxn






24. Most favorable of staggared conformations






25. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc






26. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid






27. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal






28. Two hydroxyl groups






29. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition






30. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.






31. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans






32. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes






33. Refers to the =CH2 group






34. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O






35. A = observed rotation / concentration * length






36. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.






37. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity






38. Kmno4






39. Palladium or barium sulfate (BaSO4) with quinoline. occur on metal surface - make cis.

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40. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.






41. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR






42. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer






43. Methyl are 60 degrees apart. kinda stable






44. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another






45. One s and two p 120 degree apart






46. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.






47. When a molecular orbital is formed head to head or tail to tail. all single bonds are tehese.






48. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain






49. Name for mathanal






50. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One