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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
:
mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
alcohol
absolute configuration
pi bond
2. Is bonded to only one other carbon atom
achiral
primary carbon
diastereomers
alkyne
3. N - l - ml - ms
absolute configuration
quantum numbers
Ignored
Alkane
4. One s and three p orbitals
sp3
aldehyde
torsional strain
hydroboration
5. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
fischer projection
y- root - en -x-yne
disproportionation
mcpba
6. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced
ketone
propionaldehyde
torsional strain
hydroboration
7. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
specific rotation
markovnikov's rule
meso compound
enantiomer
8. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
geometric isomers
Alkane nomenclature
alkyne
9. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
racemic mixture
angle strain
Alkyne
potassium permanganate
10. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry
meso compound
ketone
sp2
oxidizing
11. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
chiral
conformational isomer
eclipsed conformation
initiation propagation termination
12. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
ozonolysis
quantum numbers
electrophilic addition of HX
electrophilic addition
13. Reaction of alkane with oxygen to form carbon dioxide - water and heat.
quantum numbers
formaldehyde
Combustion
Alkane
14. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
geminal
quantum numbers
geometric isomers
ionic bond
15. Results when cyclic molecules must assume conformations that have eclipsed interactions
pi bond
quantum numbers
primary carbon
torsional strain
16. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
ethers
ring strain
pi bond
disproportionation
17. Cleaves double bond in half - it only oxidizes the carbon to an aldehyde under reducing conditions. if ozidizing make same product as KMNO4
alkyne
fischer projection
ozonolysis
cold potassium permanganate
18. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
geometric isomers
ring strain
not ignored
ionic bond
19. A sigma bond and two pi bonds
primary carbon
cold potassium permanganate
triple bond
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
20. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.
carboxylic acid
stereoisomers
hydroboration
electrophilic addition of X2
21. Share molecular formula but have different chemical and physical properties
nucleophile
structural isomers
electrophilic addition of X2
catalytic hydrogenation
22. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
ozonolysis
sp
quantum numbers
electrophilic addition of free radicals
23. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
triple bond
molecular orbital
ketone
covalent bond
24. Most favorable of staggared conformations
anti conformation
hybridization
chiral
Ignored
25. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
electrophilic addition
cold potassium permanganate
optical activity
mcpba
26. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
eclipsed conformation
catalytic hydrogenation
weak bases
stereoisomers
27. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
Alkyne
initiation propagation termination
Alkene
halogenation
28. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
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29. F - CL - Br - I
oxidation
carbonyl
protic solvent
halogen
30. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.
nonbonded strain
primary carbon
ionic bond
Alkyne
31. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol
electrophilic addition of H2O
covalent bond
amines
allyl
32. Carbonyl located at the end of the chain named by replacing al with e. e.g. butanal
Alkyne
aldehyde
covalent bond
catalytic hydrogenation
33. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
stereoisomers
pyrolysis
amines
pi bond
34. Diols with hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon
mcpba
halogenation
Alkene
vicinal
35. Name for propanal
Combustion
amines
molecular orbital
propionaldehyde
36. Three different substitutents often have plane of symmetry. and rotation of 180 will allow molecule to be superimposed on mirror image
basicity
achiral
initiation propagation termination
racemic mixture
37. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
allyl
electrophilic addition of H2O
nucleophile
markovnikov's rule
38. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-
ozonolysis
amines
oxidizing
optical activity
39. Common name for ethyne
racemic mixture
propionaldehyde
Acetylene
Alkane nomenclature
40. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
absolute configuration
saturated hydrocarbon
methylene
sp
41. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
pyrolysis
aprotic solvent
covalent bond
oxidizing
42. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans
protic solvent
electrophilic addition of X2
torsional strain
Alkane
43. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
diol
mcpba
fischer projection
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
44. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
ring strain
angle strain
absolute configuration
chiral center
45. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O
Acetylene
isomer
amines
basicity
46. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
configuration
Alkyne
Haloalkane
ionic bond
47. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image
acetaldehyde
chiral
configuration
diol
48. What is produced when o3 with lialh4 or nabh4
alcohol
sp2
formaldehyde
ozonolysis
49. Zn/h or CH3/s with ozonolysis
Alkyne
geometric isomers
sigma bond
reducing
50. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
Alkane
weak bases
configuration
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
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