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MCAT Organic Chemistry

Subjects : mcat, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.






2. One s and three p orbitals






3. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation






4. Compounds with halogen






5. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene






6. Diborane add to double bond. boron acts as lewis acid and attaches to less hindered carbon. hydride transferred to adjacent carbon. antimarkonikov - alcohol produced






7. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans






8. Alkene oxidized with this - strong oxidizing agent. CH3CO3H or mcpba and it makes epoxide or oxirane






9. Three different substitutents often have plane of symmetry. and rotation of 180 will allow molecule to be superimposed on mirror image






10. Di - tri - t - sec - n -






11. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry






12. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol






13. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR






14. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity






15. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes






16. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers






17. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry






18. When boat flips






19. Charged - need electrons






20. A sigma bond and two pi bonds






21. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms






22. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution






23. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest






24. Nonterminal alkenes are cleaved to form two molar equivalent of carvoxylic acid ..make keton






25. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid






26. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O






27. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.






28. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections






29. N - l - ml - ms






30. Nonsuperimposable mirror image of chiral objects - a specific steroisomer.






31. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon






32. When a molecular orbital is formed head to head or tail to tail. all single bonds are tehese.






33. Refers to the =CH2 group






34. Kmno4






35. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition






36. What is produced when o3 with lialh4 or nabh4






37. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.






38. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation

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39. If a compound is able to rotate plane polarized light.






40. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc






41. Chain of carbons connected by single bonds with hydrogen atoms attached.






42. Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon carbon triple bond






43. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'






44. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same






45. Same chemical formula. same atomic connectivity . different in how atoms are arranged in space






46. Formed by mixing different types of orbitals






47. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.






48. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane






49. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen






50. Steps of free radical substitution







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