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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
sp
diastereomers
electrophilic addition
Vinyl
2. Reaction of alkane with oxygen to form carbon dioxide - water and heat.
quantum numbers
catalytic hydrogenation
ketone
Combustion
3. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same
enantiomer
pi bond
alcohol
halogen
4. Lowest priority group projects into the page
fischer projection
ionic bond
achiral
Ignored
5. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
quantum numbers
nucleophile
diastereomers
disproportionation
6. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid
not ignored
sp3
mcpba
carboxylic acid
7. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
structural isomers
enantiomer
eclipsed conformation
ring strain
8. Carbon double bonded to an oxygen
achiral
markovnikov's rule
carbonyl
quantum numbers
9. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
pyrolysis
Acetylene
chiral center
10. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
relative configuration
carbonyl
amines
configuration
11. Common name for ethyne
hybridization
Alkyne
meso compound
Acetylene
12. N - l - ml - ms
quantum numbers
alkyne
torsional strain
disproportionation
13. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers
2^n
electrophilic addition of free radicals
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
hydroboration
14. Name for ethanal
sigma bond
stereoisomers
acetaldehyde
Ignored
15. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans
allyl
anti conformation
electrophilic addition of X2
electrophilic addition of HX
16. Kmno4
potassium permanganate
stereoisomers
enantiomer
sp3
17. Refers to the =CH2 group
y- root - en -x-yne
Vinyl
anti conformation
methylene
18. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
ethers
amines
covalent bond
catalytic hydrogenation
19. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.
halogen
polymerization
eclipsed conformation
oxidizing
20. Nonsuperimposable mirror image of chiral objects - a specific steroisomer.
aprotic solvent
polymerization
markovnikov's rule
enantiomer
21. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc
protic solvent
configuration
relative configuration
sigma bond
22. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
isomer
catalytic hydrogenation
molecular orbital
ketone
23. Charged - need electrons
electrophile
specific rotation
amines
Alkane nomenclature
24. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
achiral
mcpba
ionic bond
eclipsed conformation
25. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
oxidizing
electrophilic addition of free radicals
oxidation
basicity
26. Palladium or barium sulfate (BaSO4) with quinoline. occur on metal surface - make cis.
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27. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
conformational isomer
aprotic solvent
formaldehyde
electrophilic addition
28. Iso - neo - cyclo
not ignored
halogen
polymerization
angle strain
29. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
primary carbon
racemic mixture
sigma bond
saturated hydrocarbon
30. Di - tri - t - sec - n -
fischer projection
amines
Ignored
ethers
31. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
pyrolysis
anti conformation
stereoisomers
32. Sharing of electron between atoms
propionaldehyde
protic solvent
sp2
covalent bond
33. Compounds with halogen
electrophile
electrophilic addition of X2
Haloalkane
alcohol
34. Cleaves double bond in half - it only oxidizes the carbon to an aldehyde under reducing conditions. if ozidizing make same product as KMNO4
Haloalkane
covalent bond
conformational isomer
ozonolysis
35. Methyl are 60 degrees apart. kinda stable
formaldehyde
optical activity
gauche conformation
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
36. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
polymerization
hybridization
oxidizing
chiral
37. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
carbonyl
methylene
oxidation
conformational isomer
38. When boat flips
aprotic solvent
saturated hydrocarbon
ring flip
absolute configuration
39. Two p orbital form pi and third p orbital combine with s to make two sp hybrid. 180 degree apart
enantiomer
alcohol
catalytic hydrogenation
sp
40. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
disproportionation
peroxycarboxylic acid
geminal
structural isomers
41. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
cold potassium permanganate
Alkane nomenclature
chiral
enantiomer
42. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
initiation propagation termination
electrophilic addition of free radicals
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
electrophilic addition
43. Same molecular formula but different structure
isomer
lindlar's catalyst
mcpba
sp2
44. O3
ozonolysis
Alkyne
halogen
carboxylic acid
45. When a molecular orbital is formed head to head or tail to tail. all single bonds are tehese.
alcohol
triple bond
reducing
sigma bond
46. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
y- root - en -x-yne
configuration
Alkene
cold potassium permanganate
47. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.
anti conformation
weak bases
carboxylic acid
oxidizing
48. Contain carbon carbon double bonds. Use same root of alkane but end with 'ene'
Alkene
alkyne
electrophilic addition of HX
chiral
49. Name for propanal
propionaldehyde
weak bases
quantum numbers
amines
50. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
ozonolysis
electrophilic addition
ionic bond
carboxylic acid
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