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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
:
mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Methyl are 60 degrees apart. kinda stable
gauche conformation
carboxylic acid
Alkane
mcpba
2. Name for propanal
carbonyl
propionaldehyde
potassium permanganate
aprotic solvent
3. Same molecular formula but different structure
basicity
isomer
carbonyl
specific rotation
4. Two hydroxyl groups
electrophilic addition of H2O
ethers
chiral center
diol
5. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution
Ignored
Vinyl
covalent bond
halogenation
6. Occur when a molecule is broken down by heat. used to reduce the avverage molecular weight of heavy oils. c - c - bonds are cleave dand make small chain alkyl radicals that recombine to form different alkanes
electrophilic addition of X2
racemic mixture
halogen
pyrolysis
7. Transfer of electrions from one atome to another
ionic bond
geometric isomers
nonbonded strain
Alkane nomenclature
8. Chain of carbons connected by single bonds with hydrogen atoms attached.
isomer
pyrolysis
quantum numbers
Alkane
9. One s and two p 120 degree apart
hybridization
sp2
nucleophile
ring flip
10. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry
y- root - en -x-yne
halogen
meso compound
2^n
11. Monosubstituted ethylene
Vinyl
anti conformation
absolute configuration
acetaldehyde
12. Name for ethanal
sigma bond
electrophilic addition of free radicals
acetaldehyde
saturated hydrocarbon
13. Same chemical formula. same atomic connectivity . different in how atoms are arranged in space
racemic mixture
enantiomer
geminal
stereoisomers
14. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same
specific rotation
Alkene
enantiomer
Alkane nomenclature
15. One s and three p orbitals
methylene
Alkane nomenclature
sp3
markovnikov's rule
16. A sigma bond and two pi bonds
triple bond
angle strain
sigma bond
alkyne
17. When a molecular orbital is formed head to head or tail to tail. all single bonds are tehese.
cold potassium permanganate
Alkane
sigma bond
angle strain
18. Two p orbital form pi and third p orbital combine with s to make two sp hybrid. 180 degree apart
ozonolysis
sp
optical activity
Combustion
19. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-
electrophilic addition of free radicals
amines
triple bond
ethers
20. M - chloroperoxybenzoic acid
halogenation
mcpba
achiral
fischer projection
21. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
electrophilic addition of free radicals
diol
angle strain
electrophilic addition of HX
22. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
nucleophile
diol
oxidation
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
23. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
Haloalkane
sp2
isomer
oxidizing
24. Solvents with protons in solution - e.g. water or alcohol. large atoms tend to be better nucleophiles in here because they can shed the solvating protons around them and are more polarizable
ionic bond
Alkane
protic solvent
disproportionation
25. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
halogen
potassium permanganate
Alkyne
electrophilic addition of free radicals
26. Common name for ethyne
nonbonded strain
electrophilic addition of HX
Acetylene
cold potassium permanganate
27. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O
oxidation
enantiomer
peroxycarboxylic acid
basicity
28. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
chiral center
geminal
absolute configuration
optical activity
29. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
basicity
disproportionation
eclipsed conformation
Alkyne
30. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
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31. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
cold potassium permanganate
molecular orbital
alkyne
propionaldehyde
32. Creation of long - high molecular weight polymer composed of repeating subunit called monomers. occur through a radical mechanism.
carboxylic acid
weak bases
stereoisomers
polymerization
33. Lowest priority group projects into the page
chiral
cold potassium permanganate
electrophilic addition
fischer projection
34. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
Alkane nomenclature
allyl
Vinyl
reducing
35. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule
ionic bond
saturated hydrocarbon
ring strain
electrophilic addition of HX
36. Sharing of electron between atoms
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
covalent bond
diastereomers
weak bases
37. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
carbonyl
reducing
configuration
initiation propagation termination
38. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
2^n
Alkane nomenclature
vicinal
y- root - en -x-yne
39. When boat flips
not ignored
ring flip
saturated hydrocarbon
configuration
40. Refers to the =CH2 group
peroxycarboxylic acid
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
halogen
methylene
41. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
saturated hydrocarbon
Acetylene
geminal
pi bond
42. Charged - need electrons
electrophile
meso compound
alcohol
nonbonded strain
43. Di - tri - t - sec - n -
Ignored
methylene
relative configuration
torsional strain
44. Differ in position of substitutents attached to a double bond or cycloalkane. Cis or trans or e or z
basicity
sigma bond
geometric isomers
Alkane nomenclature
45. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
fischer projection
ring strain
initiation propagation termination
racemic mixture
46. Alkenes oxidzed with kmno4 - if made with cold - dilue - make OH on each side of double bond - diols or glycol in syn orientation
Combustion
ionic bond
mcpba
cold potassium permanganate
47. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
Haloalkane
carboxylic acid
eclipsed conformation
disproportionation
48. Zn/h or CH3/s with ozonolysis
mcpba
Alkane
reducing
absolute configuration
49. What is produced when o3 with lialh4 or nabh4
structural isomers
hydroboration
specific rotation
alcohol
50. Kmno4
oxidizing
disproportionation
optical activity
potassium permanganate
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