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MCAT Organic Chemistry
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Subjects
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mcat
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science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One s and three p orbitals
gauche conformation
chiral
sp3
ionic bond
2. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
electrophilic addition of free radicals
2^n
Alkene
polymerization
3. Is bonded to only one other carbon atom
polymerization
primary carbon
protic solvent
electrophilic addition of X2
4. Name for mathanal
y- root - en -x-yne
formaldehyde
isomer
diol
5. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
amines
hybridization
diastereomers
eclipsed conformation
6. O3
ketone
gauche conformation
diastereomers
ozonolysis
7. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
allyl
geometric isomers
nonbonded strain
electrophilic addition
8. No double bonds. it has the maximum number of hydrogens.
ethers
saturated hydrocarbon
ionic bond
racemic mixture
9. N - l - ml - ms
protic solvent
alcohol
racemic mixture
quantum numbers
10. Common name for ethyne
conformational isomer
ethers
Acetylene
hybridization
11. Share molecular formula but have different chemical and physical properties
structural isomers
enantiomer
diastereomers
hybridization
12. Name for ethanal
Alkene
conformational isomer
amines
acetaldehyde
13. Two hydroxyl groups
Alkane
diol
geminal
quantum numbers
14. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.
electrophilic addition
Haloalkane
nonbonded strain
mcpba
15. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
y- root - en -x-yne
nonbonded strain
vicinal
Alkane nomenclature
16. Most favorable of staggared conformations
methylene
anti conformation
hybridization
electrophilic addition of free radicals
17. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc
enantiomer
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
relative configuration
halogenation
18. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
Haloalkane
alkyne
angle strain
catalytic hydrogenation
19. What are the best leaving groups?
isomer
weak bases
triple bond
Ignored
20. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
configuration
methylene
specific rotation
Combustion
21. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
ketone
electrophilic addition of X2
nucleophile
aprotic solvent
22. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
protic solvent
racemic mixture
catalytic hydrogenation
y- root - en -x-yne
23. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image
oxidation
relative configuration
enantiomer
chiral
24. Iso - neo - cyclo
torsional strain
not ignored
geminal
nonbonded strain
25. A molecule with an internal plane of symmetry
ozonolysis
meso compound
Alkane
weak bases
26. When two p orbitals line up in parallel and electron clouds overlap. it exsits over a single bond.
ozonolysis
Alkyne
pi bond
quantum numbers
27. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
electrophilic addition
basicity
specific rotation
angle strain
28. Kmno4
electrophilic addition
electrophilic addition of H2O
lindlar's catalyst
potassium permanganate
29. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
ketone
primary carbon
optical activity
mcpba
30. Nitrogen containing compound - longest chain attached to nitrogen used in backbone. use e and replace with AMINE. if more complex molecule present - use prefix amino. IF additional group added - use N-
racemic mixture
conformational isomer
oxidizing
amines
31. Sharing of electron between atoms
aprotic solvent
Haloalkane
covalent bond
gauche conformation
32. Cleaves double bond in half - it only oxidizes the carbon to an aldehyde under reducing conditions. if ozidizing make same product as KMNO4
alkyne
enantiomer
oxidation
ozonolysis
33. Three different substitutents often have plane of symmetry. and rotation of 180 will allow molecule to be superimposed on mirror image
halogen
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
electrophilic addition of free radicals
achiral
34. Charged - need electrons
electrophilic addition of HX
propionaldehyde
gauche conformation
electrophile
35. More likely it is to attract positively charged proton. nucleophilic strength decreses: RO->HO>RCO2>ROH>H2O
basicity
Alkane nomenclature
oxidation
Alkyne
36. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
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37. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
diastereomers
molecular orbital
aprotic solvent
ozonolysis
38. Di - tri - t - sec - n -
Ignored
allyl
Alkyne
optical activity
39. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
alcohol
aldehyde
ethers
racemic mixture
40. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
angle strain
geminal
nonbonded strain
Combustion
41. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
Alkyne
basicity
sigma bond
allyl
42. Describes the exact spatial arrangement of groups of atoms independent of other molecules.
absolute configuration
geometric isomers
catalytic hydrogenation
racemic mixture
43. Spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups of a sterioisomer
propionaldehyde
sp3
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
configuration
44. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
oxidation
peroxycarboxylic acid
ozonolysis
diastereomers
45. Compounds with halogen
absolute configuration
configuration
chiral
Haloalkane
46. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
anti conformation
geminal
carboxylic acid
optical activity
47. Same chemical formula. same atomic connectivity . different in how atoms are arranged in space
stereoisomers
covalent bond
oxidizing
racemic mixture
48. A sigma bond and two pi bonds
triple bond
alcohol
acetaldehyde
Alkane nomenclature
49. Combustion reaction occurs through a radical process
methylene
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
markovnikov's rule
molecular orbital
50. What is produced when o3 with lialh4 or nabh4
alcohol
alkyne
nucleophile
mcpba
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