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MCAT Organic Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
mcat
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Configuration in relation to another chiral molecule. use it to determine if a molecule is an enantiomer - diastereomer - etc
relative configuration
chiral
hybridization
disproportionation
2. If a compound is able to rotate plane polarized light.
reducing
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
covalent bond
optical activity
3. Carbon with four different substituents and lack a plane of symmetry
chiral center
lindlar's catalyst
initiation propagation termination
vicinal
4. Most similar. same molecule only at different points in their rotation. show them with newmans projections
Acetylene
conformational isomer
electrophilic addition
torsional strain
5. Same molecular formula but different structure
isomer
protic solvent
weak bases
chiral center
6. Results when nonadjacent atoms or groups compete for space. dominant source of energy in flagpole interactions of the boat conformation. thus it goes in various conformations like chair boat and twist.
stereoisomers
chiral center
sp
nonbonded strain
7. How many stereoisomers can a molecule have with n chiral centers
2^n
polymerization
fischer projection
enantiomer
8. Electrons of pi bond are reactive and easily attacked by molecules that want e pair e.g. electrophiles.
electrophilic addition
y- root - en -x-yne
chiral
sp2
9. Fast process. double bond is nucleophile and attack x2. make cyclic halonium ion with either br or cl. and make dihalo trans
aprotic solvent
Alkene
electrophilic addition of X2
racemic mixture
10. Formed by mixing different types of orbitals
covalent bond
racemic mixture
hybridization
configuration
11. Palladium or barium sulfate (BaSO4) with quinoline. occur on metal surface - make cis.
12. Use the Greek root for the number of carbons followed by the ending - - ane
nucleophile
configuration
Alkane nomenclature
markovnikov's rule
13. Steps of free radical substitution
protic solvent
initiation propagation termination
sp
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
14. In presence of peroxide - oxygen or ultraviolet light. antimarkonikov because they want a stable free radical. therefore X ends up on least subsituted carbon
electrophilic addition of free radicals
carboxylic acid
oxidation
Combustion
15. Carbonyl located in middle or somewhere in chane. Named with One
pi bond
ketone
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
sp
16. Cleaves double bond in half - it only oxidizes the carbon to an aldehyde under reducing conditions. if ozidizing make same product as KMNO4
primary carbon
torsional strain
ozonolysis
covalent bond
17. Y = position of double bond - x is position of triple bond - root is the prefix representing the length of the principal carbon chain
oxidation
methylene
y- root - en -x-yne
racemic mixture
18. Nonsuperimposable mirror image of chiral objects - a specific steroisomer.
enantiomer
not ignored
stereoisomers
nucleophile
19. When two atomic orbitals combine. obtained mathematically by adding or subtracting wave functions. if sings are the same - make bonding - if different - less stable antibonding.
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
fischer projection
molecular orbital
saturated hydrocarbon
20. Highest energy no separation. or 120 separation.
eclipsed conformation
nonbonded strain
electrophilic addition of free radicals
hybridization
21. Rotations cancel each other out therefore no optical activity
electrophile
y- root - en -x-yne
disproportionation
racemic mixture
22. Arise from angle strain - torsional strian and nonbonded strain
alcohol
halogen
electrophilic addition of free radicals
ring strain
23. Always receive number one. contain carbonyl and OH group - very oxidized. highest priority functional group.
carboxylic acid
electrophilic addition of H2O
pyrolysis
amines
24. Diol with hydroxyl group on same carbon
chiral
anti conformation
geminal
geometric isomers
25. A = observed rotation / concentration * length
pyrolysis
gauche conformation
specific rotation
electrophilic addition
26. Differ in position of substitutents attached to a double bond or cycloalkane. Cis or trans or e or z
not ignored
geometric isomers
chiral center
electrophile
27. Compounds with halogen
optical activity
Haloalkane
alkyne
potassium permanganate
28. Moleculse that have the opposite configuration at their one chiral center. or if multiple chiral centers - must have the opposite configuration at every one of their chiral centers to be enantiomers. identical physical properties and much of the same
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat
structural isomers
conformational isomer
enantiomer
29. Functionality is specified by alkoxy- prefix. ROR
quantum numbers
halogenation
ethers
initiation propagation termination
30. If reagent has a bunch of oxygen
oxidation
catalytic hydrogenation
isomer
Alkane
31. Same chemical formula. same atomic connectivity . different in how atoms are arranged in space
Ignored
Acetylene
stereoisomers
vicinal
32. Ozonolysis under hot acidic kmO4 - e.g. H2O2 condition
oxidizing
formaldehyde
allyl
specific rotation
33. Water can be added to alkenes under acidic conditions. make carbocation. ends with alcohol
electrophilic addition of H2O
nucleophile
angle strain
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
34. Non mirror image of configurational isomers. cis and trans alkenes are them. possible when a molecule has two or more stereogenic centers that differ at some but not alll of the centers. they require multiple chiral centers.
diastereomers
anti conformation
diol
methylene
35. E of double bond act as lewis base and react with hydrogen of hx. make carbocation intermediate. use markonikovs rule
electrophilic addition of HX
2^n
ring flip
achiral
36. Object that is not superimposable upon mirror image
chiral
configuration
stereoisomers
carboxylic acid
37. In which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen atom. via free radical substitution
halogenation
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
geminal
enantiomer
38. When boat flips
ring flip
molecular orbital
configuration
ring strain
39. Share molecular formula but have different chemical and physical properties
enantiomer
structural isomers
methylene
electrophilic addition of HX
40. Nucleus lover. electron rich species that are attracked to charged atoms
nucleophile
pi bond
sp
amines
41. Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon carbon triple bond
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
Combustion
allyl
alkyne
42. A radical transfers a hydrogen atom to another radical and makes an alkane and alkene
pi bond
angle strain
disproportionation
ethers
43. Reducing an alkene by adding molecular hydrogen to double bond with aid of metal catalyst. e.g. pt - pd - ni. takes place on surface of metal so it does syn addition
formaldehyde
geometric isomers
catalytic hydrogenation
Combustion
44. Carbon carbon triple bonds. Suffix-yne.
oxidizing
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
sp3
Alkyne
45. Name for ethanal
electrophilic addition of X2
combustion - disproportionation - free - radical substitution - pyrolysis
ethers
acetaldehyde
46. Goal is to produce most stable carbocation
47. Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position. Meaning the double bond at end of the chain and single bonded carbon at rest
absolute configuration
allyl
chiral center
propionaldehyde
48. Reaction of alkane with oxygen to form carbon dioxide - water and heat.
propionaldehyde
relative configuration
Combustion
oxidizing
49. One s and two p 120 degree apart
sp2
pyrolysis
protic solvent
sigma bond
50. When bond angles deviate from ideal values
meso compound
geminal
hot - acidic potassium permanganate
angle strain